Analysis of 4 Way Catalytic Convertor with Pollutant Reduction Technique

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Analysis of 4 way catalytic convertor with pollutant reduction technique Divyansh Dixit1, Vidyadhar Biswal2, ,Deepak Kumar3 ,Bhargav Chowdhary4 1,3,4 UG

student, Chandigarh University, Gharuan,Punjab,India.

Assistant professor, Chandigarh University, Gharuan,Punjab,India.

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Abstract - Much research has been done on influencing different techniques for making condition contamination to free and lessening emission. Many of the researchers are influencing autos to free from contamination and are attempting to diminish the emission. We have additionally made a move to decrease hurtful emanations from vehicles by changing the plan of exhaust system and making another 4 way exhaust system and utilizing carbon adsorbing silica gel and earth as in work to make the new reactant converter. It can be an awesome stride to decrease carbon and other unsafe gasses outflow at an impressive and shabby rate.

know that catalytic converter that it absorbs gasses and reduces gasses to less harmful gasses and release them to atmosphere but we are trying to reduce the emission and increasing its efficiency.

1.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE In our outline of exhaust system we have utilized a bed of silica gel and earth as nano molecule covering in adsorbing material just before the lessening and oxidation keeping in mind the end goal to diminish the heap on exhaust system and to build its efficiency. We have likewise transformed it material as we realize that exhaust system are comprised of platinum and palladium. These are utilized to decrease HC into carbon dioxide and water. Rhodium goes about as a decrease operator and it lessen NO outflow.

Key Words: nitrogen oxides.

1.INTRODUCTION An exhaust system is an emanations control gadget that proselytes lethal gasses and toxins in fumes gas to less poisonous contaminations by catalyzing a redox response (an oxidation and a diminishment response). Exhaust systems are utilized with inward ignition engines fueled by either petroleum (gas) or diesel—including leanconsume motors and lamp oil radiators and stoves.

Be that as it may, here we can utilize PEROVSKITE OXIDE as an impetus in our converter as it builds its productivity and it has better redox properties. We can likewise utilize high Aluminum content zeolite to adsorb carbon. In our plan we have additionally put a bed of silica gel or mud to additionally increment and it will absorb carbon better and will make condition all the more spotless and safe.

"Two-way" converters consolidated oxygen with carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) to create carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In 1981, two-way exhaust systems were rendered outdated by "three-way" converters that additionally decrease oxides of nitrogen (NOx); in any case, two-way converters are as yet utilized for lean-consume motors. This is on the grounds that three-way-converters require either rich or stoichiometric burning to effectively lessen NOx.

ADVANTAGES:1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Albeit exhaust systems are most usually connected to fumes frameworks in autos, they are likewise utilized on electrical generators, forklifts, mining hardware, trucks, transports, trains and cruisers. They are likewise utilized on some wood stoves to control emanations. This is generally because of government control, either through direct natural control or through wellbeing and security directions. An exhaust system must be changed each 100 000/120 000 km keeping in mind the end goal to be effective.

6.

Catalyst used is easily available and more reactive LIMITATIONS:Silica gel used has it adsorption and retention power. Once reused its efficiency by10%.

Clay particles can make carbon particles stick in them and can reduce its efficiency by certain limit.

We have made an approach on reducing the cost of catalytic converter and making it more effective as we

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It has advantage that it has greater efficiency over normal or new catalytic converter.

It is cheap and easy to use Materials used are easily available.

Its efficiency is more.

It can be used again and again as silica gel can be filtered again and with 90% efficiency.

It can be used in big industries and automobiles sector

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | Sep -2017

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS:This product can be used in general household gas stoves and in rural areas where wood is still used as a fuel. It has a also an another practical application as it can be used in catalytic converter to reduce exhaust emission. It can also be used in various industries as a bed of meshes to reduce harmful emissions. It has also an another application as the carbon collected can be used again to make ink for printers and other uses and the product can be used again for future uses. It can also used to remove impurities from air as it removes impurities like carbon ,hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur .It can also used in industries as a paste as in incinerator or it can be used as a bed of silica gel nano particle coating to get rid of exhaust gasses and harmful gasses and to make environment safe.

Conclusion.

In this obviously clay can absorb gasses like nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, sulphur at an impressive rate and that too extremely effectively. Clay and silica gel when consolidated utilized at our exhaust system can fundamentally diminish the contamination, as it were, and that too at a less expensive rate and moderate price. Our essential thought is to decrease the cost of exhaust system and to expand its productivity and to influence condition to free from contamination and to make things shabby for needy individuals.

Fig 1. Formation of silica gel

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors would like to be obliged to Punjab University for providing laboratory facilities.

REFERENCES [1] M. N. Rao, and H. V. N. Rao, Air pollution, Tata McGrawHill publishing company limited – New Delhi, Chapter 2, pp. 4-12.

[2] Vinish Kathuria, ʺVehicular Pollution Controlʺ, Madras School of Economics, pp. 1-6, 2003.

[3] G. C. Kisku, ʺNature and type of pollution from automobiles and strategies for its controlʺ, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Environmental Monitoring Division, Lucknow, pp. 1-16.

Fig2.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | Sep -2017

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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[4] http://www.cleanairnet.org/baq2004/1527/articles59196_Kisku.doc

[18] Publishers. [This reference briefly describes several approaches to the design of granular carbon fixed-bed adsorbers]

[5] J. Kaspar, P. Fornasiero, and N. Hickey, ʺAutomotive catalytic converters: current status and some perspectivesʺ, Catalysis Today, vol. 7, pp. 419 - 449, 2003.

[6] J. Wei, ʺCatalysis for motor vehicle emissionsʺ, Advances in Catalysis, vol. 24, pp. 57 -129, 1975.

[7] H. Shinjoh, ʺ Rare earth metals for automotive exhaust catalystsʺ, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 408-412, pp. 1061- 1064, 2006.

[8] C. Bartholomew, and R. Farrauto, Fundamentals of industrial catalytic processes, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2006, Chapter 10, pp. 706, 733- 735.

[9] R. Heck, and R. Farrauto, ʺAutomobile exhaust catalystsʺ, Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 221, pp.443457, 2001.

[10] B. P. Pundir, Engine emissions pollutant Formation and Advances in Control Technology, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi, Chapter 1, pp. 1-10.

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[12] Michalski, S. 1994. Leakage Prediction for Buildings, Cases, Bags, and Bottles. Studies in Conservation. 39(3): 169-186.

[13] Miura, S. 1981. Studies on the Behavior of RH within an Exhibition Case. Part II: The Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Sorbents to Control the RH of a Showcase. In ICOM Committee for Conservation 6th Triennial Meeting, Ottawa 1981. 81/18/5:1-10.

[14] Perkins, L. 1987. A Model for Humidity Control Using Gore-Tex™ Silica Tiles. In The Book and Paper Group Annual, ed. R. Espinosa. Washington, DC: American Institute for Conservation. 8: 100-105.

[15] Sozzani, L.S.G. 1997. An Economical Design for a Microclimate Vitrine for Paintings using the Picture Frame as the Primary Housing. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 36(2): 95-107.

[16] Tétreault, J. 2003. Airborne Pollutants in Museums, Galleries and Archives: Risk Assessment, Control Strategies and Preservation Management. Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute. 57-59.

[17] Cooney, D. O. (1999). Adsorption design for wastewater treatment. 190 pp., Boca Raton, USA: Lewis

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