Ease of full Stack Development
Musale Dnyandev S1 , Wakchaure Sushma L2 , Ghuge Ganesh D3 , Shinde Bipin B4 Lecturer In Computer Technology Department
Abstract -The IT industry is booming more and more brands are looking to expand in this area because of the immense amount of potential. If we want to make a fully functioning web application we have to use A full stack development. Full stack web developer is a person who Masters in all the technology Use to creating end to end application in creative manner including front and back end services application is used to creating GUI and visual component of website such as user interface and web pages people interact with web browser used to creating to like HTML, CSS and JavaScript(Client Side ), what is actually backend developer is the server side process of add functionality to the component of web application it focuses primary on database business logic API
Full stack developer is in demand since of their skills and mastery of web development, due to this vast demand the remuneration of full stack developers is additionally high as compared to alternative jobs.
Key Words: Fullstackwebdevelopment,Front-end,Backend, HTML, CSS and JavaScript, Server-side, Client-side, Development,ETC.
1. INTRODUCTION
Fullstackwebdevelopmentisaprocess ofactingoneach, thefront-endandback-endofaprogram.Itisatermlargely used for those operating in web development. The developershavebackgroundonmakingprogramanduser expertiseforfront-end,andevenhaverobustinformationin anexceedinglyprograminglanguagethat'susedforhandling thelogicoftheappliance,thereforeback-end.
Full stack could be a layer of software system or web developmentconsistingofthefront-endandalsothebackend parts of associate application. Front-end is what the userscanseeoractwithonyourapplication.Back-endpart is what users don't see, like application's logic, database, server, etc. A full-stack web developer is comfortable operating with each, back-end and front-end technologies thatbuildawebsiteorapplicationperformproperly.
Full Stack Developers have the specified technical information of each and every facet of development –frontend,backend,workingofvariousoperatingsystemsin accordancetotherequiredenvironmentsofprogrammingas wellastoolsforprogramming.
Full stack developers are also termed as “developer generalists”, as they will produce any complicated application from scratch, provided they have understood how each and every technical layer ought to act with the other.AsFullstackwebdevelopmentreferstothebothof eachfront-endandback-endofanonlineapplication,web application,thedevelopmentmethodcontains3layers,i.e., the logic layer (back-end layer), the presentation layer (front-endlayer)andtheinformationlayer(databaselayer).
The major stacks of full stack web development that are commonlyusedtodevelopwebsitesandapplicationsare
LinuxApacheMySQLPHP(LAMP)
Cross-PlatformApacheMariaDBPHP(XAMPP)
MongoDBExpressAngularNode.js(MEAN)
WindowsApacheMySQLPHP(WAMP)
ApacheMySQLPHPPERLSoftaculous(AMPPS)
LAMP stack stands for Linux operating system, Apache server, My SQL Query Language, and PHP server-side scriptinglanguage.Alloftheseareopen-sourcetoolswhich arefreetouse,andhascontributedincreatingmanyofthe developments.Thelampstackcomesastheverycommon stackindeployingwebsitesandapplications,totheinternet.
XAMPP is an acronym for Cross-platform(X), Apache(A), MariaDB,AndPHPserver-sideorPerl(P)backendlanguage. XAMPP is the best distribution in the industry that helps developersuse local webserverfordeployingandtesting webprograms.Itisbeingdesignedtosimplydeployandrun thewebapplicationsonthewebserver.
MEANiscommonlyusedopen-sourcestackthatisusedto build the production ready web applications. This stack indicatesfourthingswhichareMongoDBNoSQLdatabase, Express framework, Angular development platform, and Node.js execution environment. MongoDB is the database havingNoSQL,andExpressismostcommonframeworkthat helps to create the applications like Todo Lists used in everydaylife.AngularistheJavaScriptclient-sideplatform usedtomakeclient-sidewebapplications,andNode.jsisthe executionenvironment,usedworldwidetocreatetheon-site andof-sitewebapplicationsandwebsites.
WAMPstackstandsforWindowsoperatingsystem, Apache, MySQL, PHP. WAMP works same as LAMP; the difference is of operating system. The stack is commonly usedforhostingweb-applicationsandwebpagesfromlittle to medium sized sites. WAMP is quite popular among windows users as it provides flexibility and scalability for theservers.
AMPPS stack stands for Apache MySQL (MongoDB) PHP (PERL or PYTHON) Softaculous (software stack). AMPSS combines three different stacks i.e., LAMP(Linux), WAMP(Windows), MAMP(Macintosh). It has preinstalled opensourcelibrariesanddependencieswhichhelpstocode thewebsiteorapplicationinefficientwayandproficiently helpsthedevelopmentprocess.
1.1 COMPONENTS OF FSWD
ThecomponentsofFullStackWebDevelopmentare-
Front-end
Back-end
Database
VersionControl
(a.) Front-end isthepartthatusersseewhentheyvisitthe websites,web-applications.
Thetwomostimportanttypesoffront-enddesignsare-
UserExperience(UX)
UserInterface(UI)
These things are of different kind when we got to know them,otherwisetheyseemsame.Thethingsincludingvisual elements,animations,pictures,videos,etc.whichlookgood inthewebsite,aredifficulttocreateisanexampleofgoodUI butbadUXandvice-versa;intuitiveexperiencethatdoesn’t requiretheusertothinktoomuchisagoodwaytodesign thewebsite.
From the programmer’s perspective front-end or the part thatusersseewhentheyvisitthewebsiteismainlyabout thedesignandtomaketolookitgoodsomehow.Theabove elements UX, UI are taken in consideration in developing webprogramsorwebpages,appsorapplicationsforiOSor Android,WindowsorMacOS.
In earlier time when somebody say “front-end” the three languagesthatcameinprogrammersmindwereHTML
(Hyper Text Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets),JS(JavaScript).Theselanguagesarestillusedasthe mostpreferredlanguagesindevelopingwebpages,websites becauseoftheirmajorscopeinthedevelopmentindustry.
Somedrawbacksoftheabovelistedprogramminglanguages arethere,thatistheyareverylengthyandtime-consuming, apart from that they are very simple to write and code in assembly or high-level language containing words using moderntoolslikeVisualStudioCode(VSC),Atom,Notepad, Notepad++,etc.
Toovercometheabovedrawbackoftraditionallanguages, something new was built and they were the tools that providedready-madecomponentsthathelpedinspeeding up the development, these were called Frameworks. The frameworks such as React, Angular, Vue.js, Bootstrap, Node.js,Meteor,Flutter,GitHub,ChromeDevTools,Grunt, HTML5Boilerplate,CodeKitwerebuiltfromtime-to-time andarecurrentlyusedandupgradedfromtime-totimeto provide developershandin building theapplicationsthey desiretobuildinlessertime.
Referto the figure below whichdemonstratesthevarious examples of components of FSWD (Full Stack Web Development).
Theback-endpartcanbedividedintotwotypes–
Theserver
Theapplication
The server handles all the requests that came from application’s code. There are many relations between application source code and server requests, so therefore server keeps synchronizing from time-to-time with application’scode.Theblockpartsofthecodesuchasasyncwait,try-catch,syncblocksaregoodexamplesofsuchcodes. Theserverhandlesthemaccordingtotheirrequesttypeand responsetoclient-side(front-end)orserver-side(back-end) dependingonthetypesofcallbackspresentinthecode.The architectureoftheservercontainsrequests-responsestier thatcommunicatestomakesynchronizationsuccessfuland helpstheapplicationrunsmoothly.
Theapplicationactsasanintermediatebetweentheserver andthedatabasecommunicatingallthedataandrequests thatserverordatabaseneededinordertogettherequired output.Theapplicationbasicallycontainsallthecodethatis logical and functional which run on the server/host of website/applicationbasedonthespecificrequirementsof theproduct/app/website.
TherearemanytechnologiesavailableontheInternetthat helps in creating the backend of the website/application. SomeexamplesincludingPHP,Node.js,Angular2,Rubyon Rails, Java (for coding of mobile applications), Laravel (whichisknownasframeworkofPHP)aremosttrending and helpful in creating the back-end part of the web applications,websites,mobile-apps,etc.
Thevarioustoolsusedtoprogramintheselanguagesare: VisualStudioCode(VSC),Atom,Notepad,Notepad++,etc.
Refertothefigure3fortheworkflowprocessofFSWD.
Before you begin to format your paper, first write and savethecontentasaseparatetextfile.Keepyourtextand graphicfilesseparateuntilafterthetexthasbeenformatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit use of hard returnstoonlyonereturnattheendofaparagraph.Donot addanykindofpaginationanywhereinthepaper.Donot numbertextheads-thetemplatewilldothatforyou.
whichonrequestssendsdatathroughsecuretransmission channeltohelptheapplicationperformdynamicallywitha hugesizeofdataabletosendandreceivesimultaneously. Some examples of databases are MY-SQL, MongoDB, CouchDB, MS-SQL, etc. which comes handy while creating strongapplicationsneedingagoodbackend-support.
(d.) Version Control being called as source control, is the typeofcomponentinthefullstackwebdevelopmentthatis usedtotrackandmanagethechangestosoftwarecodefrom timetotime.Therearemainlythreetypesofversioncontrol system:
Thelocalversioncontrolsystemisavailablelocallyonyour systemandusersareabletostoreeveryfileasarepository in this system. To check the last version of the file it is importanttoaddupallthefileversionstotherepositoryin order.
The main problem with this system is that everything is storedlocally,ifanythinghappenedtothelocaldatabase,all of the patches will be lost. If something happened to the singleversion,allthechangesmadewouldalsobelost.
Also, collaborating with other developers for the same projectorteambecomeshard.
Thecentralizedversioncontrolisthesysteminwhichthere is one single center server which has all the file versions. Thisenablesthemultipleclientstoworksimultaneouslyand helpsthemtoaccessfilesfromserver,pullthemintoown computerorpushthemallagainontotheserverfromtheir computer. This helps in easy collaboration with other developersorateamforanyprojecttheyareonto.
The biggest issue with this system is that everything is storedonthecentralizedserver.Ifsomethingwentwrongto that server, everybody will lose their important data and wouldneverabletocollaborateatall.
Thedistributedversioncontrolsystemisasysteminwhich clients don’t just check out the files from the server, they fullyclonetherepository,includingitsfullhistory.
Therefore,everyonecollaboratingonaprojectownsalocal copyofthewholeproject.Themainadvantageofthismodel isthatiftheserverbecomesunavailableordestroyed,anyof theclientcansendacopyoftheprojectversiontoanyother clientorprojectmemberbacktotheserver,whenserveris availableandworkingfine.
(c.)Databaseisthestoragecomponentinthefull-stackwebdevelopment that contains all the data present in form of tables containing rows(tuples) and columns(attributes)
Example for the distributed version control systems is Git/GitHub.
1.2 ADVANTAGES OF FSWD
There are various advantages of FSWD (Full Stack Web Development),someofthemarelistedbelow:
a)AccomplishmentofWebsite/AppDevelopment
Full-stack developers have the keen knowledge and experienceofthewebprogramminglanguageswhosework istoaddgroundbreakingfeaturestotheprojectandtomake it reach to the market in a trend. The pro full stack developerscanmanagethewholestackfromthescratch.
b)Versatility
FullStack Developersareversatileinnaturebecausethey haveskillofdevelopingbothfront-endandback-end.Backend development need application code that helps to connecttowebsiteswithothermanagementsystems.Frontend development need application code that handles the designandinteractionofasitewithinabrowser.Theboth types of development are taken care of by full stack developers.
c) Experience
The biggest benefit of full stack web developers is the experience of the web and app development. As full stack webdevelopersalreadyhadexperienceinlotsofpartofweb developmentfield,sothereforetheyhavekeenknowledgeof the web and app development. Thus, they are highly beneficial to the performance of the products/websites/web-apps/interfacesinthemarketand helpsthemkeepupdatedwiththeongoingmarkettrendby theirvastexperienceandknowledgeofthecomponentsused innewtechnologyinordertoenhancetheperformance.
d) Jack of all trades
FullStackDevelopersarecommonlyreferredtoas“Jackof AllTrades”.Thistermismostsuitedtothembecausethey canworkonanyleveloftheprojectandprovidethewhole designandstructurerequiredindevelopment.
Theyarealsoveryhelpfulinmaintainingandoptimizing theexistingsystemsasperneedofthedevelopment.
Refertothefigure4.fortheadvantagesofFSWD.
e) Smart upgraders
From the recent study, 90% people found that website appearanceisthemainreasonforacceptingorrejectingthe website.Therefore,stackdevelopersarehighlybeneficialas they make websites highly user-friendly and are updated with all the latest technologies, tools which help in implementation of smart features to create the best responsive and interactive webpages, websites, apps for yourclients
f) Troubleshooting problems
Full stack developers are very experienced in troubleshooting the problems of web development field. Theyareacquiredwithnecessaryskillstodetecttheissues that come while creating the project and have necessary tools required for implementing solutions for making the website or application optimal. Therefore, they are very helpfulintroubleshootingissuesinthedevelopment.
g) Convenient web developers
Itisappropriatethingtotrustthefull-stack developerfor yourprojectneeds.Itisbecausetheyareaccountableforall the software development as they can handle web development from the initial to final phase by themselves andareveryfittedinanyroletheyputtoworkandhelpto give us the forward way. They also help with making the projectqualityapprovedandassuranceofthedesignofthe project.
h) Handling both server-side and client-side
Fullstackdeveloperhelpsthewebsite,applicationgivethe requirededgewhichitneedstoshineintechnologymarket. Thecuttingedge-technologyofmodernerarequiressharp and well- qualified persons for the projects. So, full stack developersareperfectmatchforthatastheycanhandlethe developmentfrominitialtofinalphaseandtheserver-side and client-side of the application in the development industryandgivefast-trackdelivery.
1.3 CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES TO FSWD
a) Bugs & Broken Codes
Codesusuallyneedscopeswhichismostcommonproblem ofbrokencodesduringwebdevelopment.
If the project has not been given scope properly within required blocks, under each specific labels that define the partofthecode,thenthedevelopershavetoworkinahurry tocompleteworkonthescheduledtime.
This cause bugs and code starts to get broken when semicolon is missing from the code leading to application crashesandbugs.
b) Premature Optimization
Speed is commonly treated as the highest good when it comestocode,attheexpenseofthecodewhichiscleanor legible. It is a pitfall for developers to focus on writing optimizedcodethatrunsfasterthancodewhichcanberead, understood,andmaintainedoverthelongterm.
Hardtoreadcodecanslowyourteamdown,especiallywhen engineers come and go. If an engineer comes in and can’t deciphercode,itwillbeabigproblemforteam.
PrematureOptimizationhappenswhenthereisn’tastrong codereviewprocess.Withoutthisessentialstep,thingsget messyandcauseproblemsinyourway.
c) Stuck with Complicated New Technologies
Full Stack Developers are very much familiar with new technologiesthatwithnosurprisegivesincreasedefficiency andflexibilityinproduction.
Theyareprominenttousewhendevelopersbecomeexpert with them, but also it takes so much time in learning to install and test these new technologies. Also, it is like learninganewtechnologyinwhichstartingfromthebasics, someexperienceisrequired,whichistime-takingandvery challengeableinnavigation.Theareawhichcomeswiththis issueisdatabasestorage. Theproblem behindall this isa lackofrequiredleadershipinhandlingsoftwareteams.
d) Too much or Less Abstraction
Runningyourcodeofprojectoutofsomanylinesofcode, could cause a massive crash and slow down your developmentprocess.Also,lessabstractionmakesthecode lookslengthierandweareunabletounderstandtheparts necessary for implementation of the modules we require becauseitisonlyonefile.
Bythiswayourcodeismorecomplexandcausecompiletime,run-timeerrorswhichareburdentoencounter.
This makes the development a serious problem for the developersandisabigobstacleforachievingthegoalthey needtoachieve.
e) Overlooking the little things
The more you look, more you see. This phrase matches perfectly with the problem we are going to discuss here. Sometimes,whenwearecoding,westarttocodeinasucha waythatcreatesalternativemethodsforachievingthesame goal.Duetothis,weareoverlookingthelittlethingswhich mayormaynotmatterinthecode.
1.4 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
Thesedays,fullstackdevelopersareinhugedemanddueto trend of websites and e-commerce in the modern world. Companies like to hire them due to number of reasons. FSWDsareabletoworkinmultipleenvironmentssuchas Front-endandback-endsimultaneously.Itgivescompanies the huge profit as they could get lot of work done by few professionals rather than hiring a bunch of developers to work on all parts of websites/applications. Having knowledgeofdifferentplatformsstacksuchasMEANstack, MERNstack,LAMPstack,WAMPstack,etc.FSWDsareable toputtheirefforttotheprojecteasilyandgettherequired outputsasperbenefitsofcompany.
ThesalaryofFSWDsisattheincreasingrateworldwideas the demand is increasing for the same. Companies are willingtopaymoreonthebasisofmoreuniqueskillsand abilitiesofstackdevelopmenttothetalentedfullstackweb developersoutthere.
ThefutureofFSWDsisverybrightasthedevelopersarein hugedemandanditwillkeeponincreasingwithabigrate. Listedbelowaresomeofthereasonsforthesame:
Smaller Teams- With a full-stack web developer in the team,youcankeeptheteamshortandsmallerteamshave manyadvantagesoverlargeones.EvenJeffBezosbelieves thatasmallteamisbetterthanalargeteam.Alargeteam requiresmorecommunicationandresourceswhichisless requiredinsmallerteam.
Adaptability-Webdevelopmentisquiteachallengingfield. Therearealotoffactorstoconsiderwhendevelopinganew productsuchasproductrequirements,languages,tools,plus alargedevelopingteam.Incase,anyofthefactorsgotany problemsuchasproductrequirementsgotchangedatany timeandalsoamemberleavestheteaminsuchscenarios fullstackdeveloperscanadapttothesechangesquicklyand moreeffectivelythanotherdevelopers.
New Technologies-WebDevelopmenttoolsandsoftware keepgettingnewupdatesforbetterperformance.Eventhe programming languages keep getting newer versions
regularly to ensure they function better and cause less hassle.Anaveragedevelopermighthavetoputalotofeffort tokeepupwiththesenewdevelopments.Ontheotherhand, a full stack web developer already knows the relations between different technologies. So, keeping up with new updatesand integrationsis aneasytask forhim/her.Last butnotleast,fullstackdevelopersalreadykeeplearningnew thingsaboutthewebdevelopment,sotheywillremaininthe hugedemandfordealingwithnewtechnologiesfornowand infutureaswell.
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