Experimental Study of Noise Pollution due to Road Traffic in Kanpur. by IRJET Journal

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Experimental Study of Noise Pollution due to Road Traffic in Kanpur.

Sikander Kumar1 , Mohd Usman Gani2 , Pavan Katiyar3 , Shivam Verma4

1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Axis Institute of Technology and Management, Rooma Kanpur, India

2,3,4U.G. Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Axis Institute of Technology and Management, Rooma Kanpur, India ***

Abstract - This study article looked at the background noiselevelsintheKanpurarea.Excessivenoisepollutioncan causeavarietyofstressorsontheneurologicalandauditory systems.TheprimarysourcesofnoisepollutioninKanpur City include large electricity generators, NH-91 transit, trafficonvariousstateroads,andseveralindustrialzones.In recent years, India's urbanization, industrialization, construction sector growth, and road transportation infrastructurehaveallledtoexcessivenoisepollution,which is severely damaging to both human and animal life This study found that those who live next to a highway experience high levels of traffic noise, which can lead to headaches,sleeplessness,troublefocusing,heartdiscomfort, a decrease in color perception, sadness, and tiredness problems. When noise levels continue to climb over the statedtolerablelimits,thereisagreaterrisktothehealthof the exposed population, hence certain important control measures must be implemented first. To determine the daytimeandnighttimesoundlevelsinKanpurCity,aNoise LevelMeterwasusedtomeasuretrafficnoisealongNational Highways(NH-91)corridorspassingclosetothecityatfour distinct zones (Silence Zone, Commercial Zone, Industrial Zone,andResidentialZone)andfivespecificlocations.Itwas determined that the noise level was within the CPCB's approved noise standard level. The Federal Highway Administration(FHWA)modelusestrafficvolumeandspeed datatopredicttrafficnoise.

Key Words: Sound Level Meter, Noise Pollution, Road Traffic, Kanpur city, Noise pollution.

1.INTRODUCTION

Unwanted noises are known as noise. The English term "noise"derivesfromtheLatinwordnausea."Off-basesound inthewrongplace,atanunacceptabletime"isonewayto characterizenoise.Noisepollutionhasvarious,inescapable, diligent, restorative, and socially significant potential consequences on well-being. Noise has direct and compoundeddetrimentalimpactsonwell-beingandtaints private, social, professional, and educational situations, causingbothphysical(money)andintangible(prosperity) disasters. It disrupts sleep, attention, communication, distraction,vegetation,animals,andbirds.Despitethefact that noise pollution is a "moderate and unobtrusive executioner," practically every effort has been made to

improve something similar. Along with other types of pollution,itjeopardizesone'spersonalfulfillment.

2. IMPORTANCE

2.1 Historical

Kanpur is a major industrial city in Uttar Pradesh, India's northernmoststate.Thistownislocated80kilometerswest ofLucknow,thestatecapital,ontheGanga'ssouthbank.It's alsoknownasthestate'sindustrialcapital.

Raja HinduSinghoftheSachendidynastyiscredited with establishingthiscity.Kanpur'soriginalnamewasKanhpur. The city is located in the ancient Kanpur, Patkapura, Kuraswam, Juhi, and Seemamau villages during the latter time of Awadh's dominion, regardless of whether it is supposed to be associated with the heroic Karna of the Mahabharata period or the city's genuine originator, King Hindusi. It was formed at a conference. The monarchs of Kannauj and Kalpi, and later the rulers of the Muslim overlords, continued to control this town and the surroundingterritory.

2.2 BUSINESS

One of the country's most well-known industrial towns is Kanpur.ItwasreferredtoastheManchesterofAsiaandwas well-knownaroundtheworldforproducingapparel.Mostof the factories that produced apparel were eventually shut down.Today,Kanpurisrenownedworldwideforitsleather industry.

In summary, Kanpur has a wide variety of business prospects,withaburgeoninglocaltechsectorandstrengths in manufacturing, leather, and textiles. Understanding the uniquerequirementsanddifficultiesofeveryindustrycan help firms prosper in this ever-changing and dynamic market.

In the table no. 2, there is a general information about Kanpur such as total area, total population, urban population,ruralpopulation,literacy.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Table 2: General Information About Kanpur

3. Literature REVIEW

Saurabh Upadhyay BT. et al. (2023)

In many Indian towns, vehicle traffic noise is becoming a majorhealthworryforthepopulace.Theirritationeffectof road traffic noise in Kanpur city on people's everyday activitiesandhealthhasbeenevaluatedinthisstudy.

An examination of the socio-acoustical reaction to addressing road traffic noise in medium-sized cities like Kanpur. Overall, the research indicate that irritation may negatively impact people's health in Kanpur. Road traffic noiseischaracterizedbyhighnoiselevelsandabrupthorn blasts.AccordingtoCPCBstandards,excessiveexposureto motornoisecanleadtomajorhealthissues.

Thomas Münzel BT. et al. (2024)

According to epidemiological research, there is strong evidence linking traffic noise to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and death, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. The World Health Organization estimates that each year in Western Europe, traffic-related noise causes the loss of at least 1.6 million healthy life years. Nighttime traffic noise shortens and fragmentssleep,raisesstresshormonelevels,andincreases oxidativestressinthebrainandvasculature.

Theideathattransportationnoiseisamajorenvironmental factorthatcontributestothedevelopmentofa numberof cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions, such as chroniccoronaryarterydisease,acutecoronarysyndrome, arterialhypertension,stroke,andheartfailure,isstrongly supported by the extensive compilation of preclinical, clinical,andepidemiologicalevidence.

Bidroha Basu BT. et al. (2021)

In this we examine that the World Health Organization (WHO) ranks noise pollution as the third most dangerous type of pollution, behind air and water pollution. Humans can suffer from a number of negative consequences from both brief and prolonged exposure to noise pollution, including mental health conditions including anxiety and depression,highbloodpressure,hormonalimbalances,and an increase in blood pressure that can result in cardiovasculardisease.

WHOrecommendations(WorldHealthOrganization(WHO), 2009)statethatnoiselevelsbeyondacertainthresholdof 55dBaredetrimentaltopeople.Forasignificantportionof theexposedpopulation,prolongedexposuretosoundlevels overthethresholdvaluefrequentlyresultsinadversehealth repercussions.

ThisresearchlookedintohowDublin,Ireland'ssoundlevel wasaffectedbytheCOVID-19shutdown.Becauseitprovides insightintohowbehaviouralchangesmighthaveabeneficial influence on environmental pollutants, evaluating environmental change during a worldwide pandemic is crucial.Itiscrucialtoobservetheextentofchangebrought about by these changes as it indicates the scope of behavioural adjustments needed to enhance the environment.

Akif Yavuz BT. et al. (2023)

In addition to experimental studies employing animal models,particularlyrats,tobetterunderstandtheeffectsof low-frequencyvehiclenoise,thisthoroughreviewexplores the wide-ranging and complex effects of vehicle noise on humanhealth.Additionally,theeffectsofairquality,traffic density, engine size and type, and vehicle speed on noise levels are examined. Sleep disturbances, anxiety, mental healthissues,cardiovascularhazards,noise-inducedhearing loss, and digestive issues can all be brought on by vehicle noise.

Numerousrulesandguidelines(WHOEnvironmentalNoise Guidelines for the European Region) are put into effect to lessentheserisks,withafocusontheproperuseofsoundemittingequipmentandthenecessityofreducingnoisein transportation. This study offers a thorough resource for comprehending the complex connections between vehicle noiseandthehealthofpeopleandanimals,highlightingthe necessity of addressing vehicle noise pollution for public healthandgeneralwell-being.

4. METHODOLOGY

ThestudywasconductedinKanpur,amajorindustrialcity in Uttar Pradesh, India. We divided it into four zone (Residentialzone,Industrialzone,SilencezoneCommercial zone).

After that we divided each zone into three representative locationswereselectedbasedonvaryingtrafficdensity,land use.

 Silence zone (Heritageschool,IIT,Rama university).

 Commercial zone (TatmilChauraha,Ramadevi Chauraha,Rawatpur).

 Residential zone (Awasvikaskalyanpur, Ratanpurcolonykalyanpur,chakeri).

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

 Industrial zone (Panki,Fazalganj,Jajmau).

NoiselevelmeasurementswerecollectedusingMxRady HSETINHT-80ALCDDigitalSoundLevelMeterPortable MiniNoiseTesterSoundMeter.

Measurementsweretakenduringpeak(8-10AM,7-10PM) onweekdays

SoundlevelswererecordedinA-weighteddecibels(dB(A)) at5-minuteintervalsover1hourateachlocation.

5. RESULT

Thevariationofsoundlevelindifferentzoneare-

Figure 1:Soundlevelmeter.

Table 1: Noise level reading in Silence zone.

Graph 1: Variation of noise level in Silence Zone.

Table 2: Noise level reading in Commercial zone.

Graph 2: Variation of noise level in Commercial zone.

Table 3: Noise level reading in Residential zone.

Graph 3: Variation of noise level in Residential zone.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

6. CONCLUSION

 In silent zone the average sound level in heritage school 65.9db in day and in night 46.1db, in IIT 64.1db in day and in night 48.3db, in Rama university72.6dbindayandinnight61.5db.

 In commercial zone the average sound level in Tatmilchauraha93.3dbindayandinnight74.4db, in Ramadevi chauraha 95.6 in day and in night 73.6db, in rawatpur 96.6db in day and in night 76db.

 InresidentialzonetheaveragesoundlevelinAwas vikas(kalyanpur)57.6dbindayandinnight44.8db, inRatanpurcolony(kalyanpur)54.2dbindayand in night 43.5db, in Chakari 56.4db in day and in night42.1db.

 InindustrialzonetheaveragesoundlevelinPanki 74.6db in day and in night 72.7db, in fazalganj 77.5db in day and in night 74.8db, in jajamau 72.6dbindayandinnight68db.

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 T.Leblois,B.Cretin,B.Dubus,andE.AttalAgreen wallstructure'sidealdimensioningtechniquefor reducingnoisepollution.Environmentand Building,187(2021).

Table 4: Noise level reading in Industrial zone.

Graph 4: Variation of noise level in Industrial zone.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Urbanroadtrafficnoiseiscategorizedusingsound energyandeventfulnessindicesbyG.Brambilla,R. Benocci, C. Confalonieri, H. E. Roman, and G. Zambon.Switzerland:AppliedSciences,10(2020).

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 K.P. Sivaraj, M. Kavitha, and T. Subramani, Traffic Noise Pollution Modeling. 2 (2012) 3175–3182; InternationalJournalofEngineeringResearchand Applications(IJERA).

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