Writing Line Graph Reports

Writing Line Graph Reports

Introduction

1. Write one sentence that paraphrases the question statement. 2. Write a trend sentence with TWO parts.

Paragraph Two

This paragraph must describe and compare the information in the FIRST part of your trend. Write sentences that describe, compare, and summarise the information connected to the first main part of the trend sentence in the introduction. Do not write any opinions! 1. Describe the highest amount and compare it to another part of the graph or chart. 2. Describe a part of the information that is the same level or amount and compare it to something else. 3. Describe a part of the information that shows the biggest increase or difference and compare it to something else. 4. Describe a part of the information that shows the lowest amount and compare it to something else and try to write about 6 or 7 sentences.

Paragraph Three

This paragraph must describe and compare the information in the SECOND part of your trend. Write sentences that describe, compare, and summarise the information connected to the second main part of the trend sentence in the introduction. Do not write any opinions! 1. Describe another amount and compare it to another part of the graph or chart. 2. Describe a part of the information that is the same level or amount and compare it to something else. 3. Describe a part of the information that shows a difference and compare it to something else. 4. Describe a part of the information that shows another amount and compare it to something else and try to write about 6 or 7 sentences.

Conclusion

1. Write one sentence that paraphrases your ideas in the trend sentence from the introduction.

US Consumers' Average Annual Expenditures Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows US consumers' average annual expenditures on cell phone and residential phone services between 2001 and 2010.

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The line graph compares the average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and landline phone services from 2001 to 2010. The trend shows that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10-year period, while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly. The year 2006 marks the point at which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services.

In 2001, US consumers spent an average of nearly $700 on residential phone services, compared to only around $200 on cell phone services. Over the following five years, the average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly $200. By contrast, expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately $300.

In the year 2006, the average American paid out the same amount of money on both types of phone service, spending just over $500 on each. By 2010, expenditure on mobile phones had reached around $750, while the figure for spending on residential services had fallen to just over half this amount.

Overall, the information suggests that spending on landlines fell, while the expenditures for cell phones steadily increased over the same time period.

Car Ownership in Britain Line Graph Sample

The line graph below gives information about car ownership in Britain from 1971 to 2007.

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The line graph shows changes in the number of cars per household in Great Britain over a period of 36 years. The trend suggests that car ownership in Britain increased between 1971 and 2007. In particular, the number of households with two cars rose, while the number of households with a car fell.

In 1971, almost half of all British households did not have regular use of a car. Around 44% of households had one car, but only about 7% had two cars. It was uncommon for families to own three or more cars, with around 2% of households falling into this category.

The one-car household was the most common type from the late 1970s onwards, although there was little change in the figures for this category. The biggest change was seen in the proportion of households without a car, which fell steadily over the 36-year period by around 25% in 2007. In contrast, the proportion of two-car families rose steadily, reaching about 26% in 2007, and the proportion of households with more than two cars rose to around 5%

To conclude, car ownership increased in England, especially in the two-car category, while the no car category fell dramatically.

The Proportion of the Population Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.

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The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three countries over a period of 100 years. The trend shows that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between 1940 and 2040. Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes in its elderly population.

In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people. The proportions of elderly people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years, reaching just under 15% in 1990. By contrast, the figures for Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000s.

Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040. By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of the Japanese population will be 65 years old or more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA will be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23%, respectively.

Overall, the proportion of elderly people increased in all countries, with Japan having the most significant changes.

UK Acid Rain Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows UK acid rain emissions, measured in millions of tonnes, from four different sectors between 1990 and 2007.

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The line graph compares four sectors in terms of the number of acid rain emissions that they produced over a period of 17 years in the UK. It is clear that the total amount of acid rain emissions in the UK fell between 1990 and 2007. The most dramatic decrease was seen in the electricity, gas, and water supply sector.

In 1990, around 3.3 million tonnes of acid rain emissions came from the electricity, gas, and water sector. The transport and communication sector was responsible for about 0.7 million tonnes of emissions, while the domestic sector produced around 0.6 million tonnes. Just over 2 million tonnes of acid rain gases came from other industries.

Emissions from electricity, gas and water supply fell dramatically to only 0.5 million tonnes in 2007, a drop of almost 3 million tonnes. While acid rain gases from the domestic sector and other industries fell gradually, the transport sector saw a small increase in emissions, reaching a peak of 1 million tonnes in 2005.

Overall, the amount of acid rain fell in the UK, as did electricity, gas, and water.

Marriages Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the number of marriages in England from 1951 to 2011.

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The line graph shows information on marriages in England over a 60-year period of time from 1951 to 2011. The trend shows that the total number of marriages per year fell between 1951 and 2011. While the number of first marriages fell dramatically from the end of the 1960s, the figure for remarriages remained stable.

Around 400,000 marriages took place in the UK in 1951. The figure reached its peak to nearly 500,000 in 1971 and then decreased gradually below 300,000 in 2009. First marriages in the UK followed the same pattern, first reaching its peak at nearly 400,000 marriages in 1971, and then decreasing to below 200,000 marriages in 2009.

In 1951, there were about 100,000 marriages in the UK. The figure remained the same for next two decades when it then raised above 100,000 marriages in last 40 years that are shown. In 2009, the figure for second marriage stood at 100,000.

Overall, all marriages and first marriages were almost similar for the period shown, with second marriages reporting some increase.

Wheat Exports Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the number of wheat exports in tons from three continents from 1985 to 1990.

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The line graph shows the number of wheat exports in tons from three areas, that being Australia, North America, and Europe over a period of 15 years. The trend suggests that Canada exported more wheat than Australia and the European Community for most of the period shown. However, while Canada's wheat exports fluctuated and Australia's fell, wheat exports from the European Community rose somewhat steadily.

From 1985 to 1988, Canada became the highest exporter peaking at 25 million tons of exported wheat. This amount fell dramatically to 14 million about a year later, followed by another increase of 5 million tons by 1990.

In 1985, Australia and the European Community had comparable wheat exports to Canada with both being slightly lower than a few million tons. Five years later, Australia had shown a gradual decrease in tonnage exported showing only 11 million tons of exported wheat in 1990. The European Community after 5 years of little change, rose to the highest level in 1990 with an increase of 5 million tons to just over 20 million tons.

Overall, wheat exports fluctuated, and Australia's fell, while wheat exports from the European Community rose to a high in 1990.

Cinema Attendance in the UK Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the annual cinema attendance in the UK from 1990 to 2010 by age category.

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The line graph shows information on the percentage of people who went to the movies in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2010. The people's attendance is divided into four different age groups. The trend suggests that young people were active at attending a movie compared to their older counterparts with all four age groups showing a gradual increase in attendance numbers during the given period, except for a slight 5-year drop.

In 1990, almost 90% of the 14 to 24-year-olds went to the cinema at least once a year. Cinema attendance was about 30% lower than this among people aged 25 to 34 and 35 to 49, while the figure for those aged over 50 was the lowest, at only 40%. Interestingly all four groups reported a slight drop from 1995 to 2000.

Approximately 51% of the respondents between the ages of 14 and 34 attended movies in 2010 compared with only 38% in 1990. Even in the group that had the smallest number of moviegoers, those between the ages of 44 and 54, there was an increase of 6% in their attendance. After 2000, all four groups showed drastic increases followed by a slightly rising or plateau of attendance.

Overall, all four age categories showed a gradual increase in attendance for the years that are shown, except for a slight drop between for five years from 1995 to 2000.

Internet Users Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the percentage of Internet users by population in the USA, Canada, and Mexico between 1990 and 2009.

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The line graph compares the percentage of people in the three countries who used the Internet between 1999 and 2009. It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased in each country over the period shown.

A much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage. Also, Mexico had the lowest percentage.

In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20%. The figures for Canada and Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5%, respectively. In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose to around 70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached just over 25%. By 2009, the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada. Almost 100% of Canadians used the Internet, compared to about 80% of Americans and only 40% of Mexicans.

Overall, Internet usage went up significantly in each country during the period shown.

UK Commuters Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling each day by car, bus, or train between 1970 and 2030.

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The line graph compares figures for daily travel by workers in the UK using three different forms of transport over a period of 60 years. It is clear that the car is by far the most popular means of transport for UK commuters throughout the period shown. Also, while the number of people who use the car and train increases gradually, the number of bus users falls steadily.

In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters travelled by car on a daily basis, while the bus and train were used by about 4 million and 2 million people respectively. In the year 2000, the number of those driving to work rose to 7 million and the number of commuting rail passengers reached 3 million. However, there was a small drop of approximately 0.5 million in the number of bus users.

By 2030, the number of people who will commute by car is expected to reach almost 9 million, and the number of train users is also predicted to rise, to nearly 5 million. By contrast, future bus use is predicted to become a less popular choice, with only 3 million daily users.

To conclude, cars were the most common form of transport for UK commuters during the 60-year period of time shown.

New Music Site Line Graph Sample

The line graph below compares the number of visits to two new music sites on the web.

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The line graph shows people using new music places on the Internet over a fifteen-day period of time namely by personal choice and trendy pop music. The trend suggests some fluctuation with slight increases towards the end of the 15-day period.

Starting with Music Choice websites, 40,000 people went on this new site on the first day. Half of them backed out the next day. In contrast to this, the Pop Parade net sites were visited by 120,000 music lovers on day one, which decreased slightly on the next day, and by the third day, it showed more visits.

After the third day, the enthusiasm for both music lines on the Internet dropped slowly, reaching a maximum fall of 40,000 users on the seventh day. Whereas Music Choice gained popularity, slightly improving to get to the original strength of 30,000 viewers, there were still fewer visitors than their opponent pop group on day seven. At the beginning of the next week, both gained remarkable recovery after a few fluctuations showing 40,000 and 50,000 visitors, respectively. A peak was reached at 1,500 new viewers for Pop Parade on 11th day showing a stark contrast of the very few people who visited Music Choice for the same day at only 3,000 visitors. After the 11th day, Music Choice gained popularity having more than 120,000 new web-visitors.

To conclude, at the end of the period 180,000 visited the pop sites, whereas more than 80,000 listeners did not explore sites located to music choice on the last day of the report supporting the fluctuating trend.

Unemployment Rates in England Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows changes in young adult unemployment rates in England between 1993 and 2012.

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The line graph compares the levels of unemployment among 16 to 24-year-olds with overall unemployment figures over a period of 20 years in England. The trend shows that the proportion of young adults who were unemployed at any time between 1993 and 2012 was significantly higher than the overall proportion of adults without work. Unemployment rates for both groups of adults were consistently higher in London than in the rest of England.

In 1993, around 18% of English 16 to 24-year-olds living outside of London were unemployed, but the figure for those living in the capital was 5% higher, at 22%. Similarly, the overall adult unemployment rate in London was 14%, which was 4% higher than the rate in the rest of England. While the levels of joblessness fell significantly over the 10 years that are shown, the information suggests that higher levels in London rose among young adults who were unemployed.

Young adult unemployment in England rose quite a bit between 2002 and 2012, from 12% to 21% outside of London, and from around 15% to an amount of 25% in the capital. By contrast, the proportions of all adults without work remained below 10%, both in London and in the rest of the country.

Overall, the graph suggests that joblessness was higher for young adults and that London was steadily higher compared to the rest of Europe.

Fast Food Consumption Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the amount of fast-food consumption by Canadian teenagers from 1975 to 2000.

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The line graph shows the amount of fast food consumed in three categories pizza, fish and chips and hamburgers, by Canadian teenagers over a period of 25 years. It is clearly shown in the data that over this 25-year period pizza and hamburger consumption has steadily increased, while fish and chip consumption has steadily decreased. From 1975, for 20 years, pizza and hamburger consumption were on a steady and significant rise, until they both hit their peak and plateaued in 1995. In that 20-year period of time pizza and hamburger consumption rose from around 10 times a year to between 80 and 100 times a year. These increases are in sharp contrast to the amount of consumption of fish and chips of the period of time shown. The decrease in consumption of the fish and chip category began in 1975 and continued to fall, albeit with just a slight rise from 1980 to 1985 of about 10 times per year, to 2000. This decrease was quite dramatic as the number of times per year that fish and chips were eaten, in 1975, was at the same level as hamburgers. In the year 2000, the fish and chip category has fallen to just under 40 times a year which shows a drop of 60 times in fish and chip consumption per year when compared to hamburger consumption at its peak. Overall, pizza and hamburger consumption steadily increased, while fish and chip consumption steadily decreased over the 25 years that are shown in the data.

Unemployment Rates in the USA and Japan Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the employment rates for the United States and Japan from 2003 to 2009.

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The line graph shows the rates of unemployed in the United States and Japan for a period of 7 years. The trend suggests that the rates were decreasing in the US, while the rates were increasing in Japan, for the period of time that is shown. It can be seen in 2003 the unemployment rate in the US was three times higher, at 7.0, when compared to Japan that only had a rate of 2.5 percent. After 2003, the rates in the US were decreasing, at fluctuating rates, while in Japan the rates were steadily increasing. In 2006, the unemployment rate in Japan was just under 4.5 percent, whereas in the US it is one percentage point higher at 5.5 percent. After 2006, the rate in the US continued to fall, and the rates in Japan continued to increase. By 2007, the rate in the US was just over 5.0, which is 2.5 percent lower compared to 2003. In Japan, the rate for the same year was still just under 4.5, which is 2.0 percent more than in 2003. In 2008, the rates for both countries are shown at 5.25 percent and they continue at a similar rate until well beyond 2009. Overall, the rates in the US were falling while the rates in Japan were rising for the time period that is shown in the graph.

Burnaby Library Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the number of books read by men and women at Burnaby Public Library from 2011 to 2014.

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The line graph gives information about the Burnaby Public Library, for four years only, between 2011 and 2014. It shows how many library books people read over this four-year period. It can clearly be seen that there was a strong upward trend in the number of books read by men. Although women read more books than men in 2011, their reading fell to below the level of men in 2014.

As can be seen from the graph, there were different figures for men and women. The number of books read by men increased steadily between 2011 and 2012, from about 3,000 books read to 4,000 books read. After that, the number that was read rose dramatically to 14,000 books in 2014. This was the highest figure in that period.

Women started off reading more books than men, but their numbers followed a different pattern. Between 2011 and 2012, there was an increase of 3,000 books read from 5,000 books read to 8,000 books read. Then a gradual rise to 10,000 books that were read in 2013. However, in 2014, their numbers fell back to 8,000 books having been read.

Overall, the number of books that were ready in this library district were both increasing for men and women with a slight fluctuation in 2013.

Fish and Meat Consumption Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the consumption of fish and different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.

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The line graph compares the amount of fish, chicken, beef, and lamb people in a European country consumed weekly per person over a period of 25 years. The trend suggests that the number of grams consumed per person per week was changing. The number of grams eaten for beef and lamb per person per week had been slowly decreasing, over the 25 years that are shown and that fish per gram intake had remained relatively low for all years presented. From 1979 to 2004, the consumption of fish in this European country had always been far less than meat with a steady amount of approximately 50 grams per week per person. As for the trends of meat consumption, chicken had risen to become the most eaten meat in the year of 2004, compared with the gradual decrease of beef and lamb consumption. Despite a small spike appearing in 1984 for beef consumption, the line illustrates a general downward trend, making it the second most eaten meat in the year of 2004. Beef was the most consumed meat per week in the 1980s but then dropped from around 225 grams to 100 grams per person, showing a decrease of 125 grams by 2004. People in this European country ate roughly 150 grams of chicken or lamb per week per person in 1979. However, 25 years after 1979, the consumption of chicken rose significantly to around 250 grams per week while the amount of lamb consumed dropped to a little higher than 50 grams weekly. The opposite trend between chicken and lamb consumption eventually made a gap of 150 grams in 2004. Overall, the amount of fish consumption remained stable, while for meat and lamb fell and chicken steadily increased.

Channel 6 News Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the number of daily viewers on Channel 6 in the UK over a 12 month period.

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The line graph shows the number of daily viewers to a news channel in the UK over a 12month period of time. The trend suggests that there are four peak viewing times throughout the news day, with quite a bit of fluctuation regarding the number of viewers at these different times.

At 6:00, in January, the highest number of viewers were recorded just under 5 million people watching, while the lowest number of viewers was recorded in May, at 11 pm, with only around 100,000 viewers. This shows a significant difference of about 900,000 more viewers in January. In fact, the 6 pm news shows were the highest figures throughout the year, while the 11 pm news only shows viewership from May to December peaking at around 4 million, and then dramatically decreasing to just under a million at the end of the year. The 1:00 news shows a very consistent, low number of viewers throughout the year, as it is always hovering around 1.1 million people watching. The 9:30 news time shows some fluctuation, with a huge decrease in the number of viewers occurring in August, with only around a million viewers, and a peak of 4 million views, a few months before in May. It seems quite evident that the 1 pm and the 9:30 pm news are far less watched compared to the 6 pm and the 11 pm news-times if all months are averaged together.

Wild Bird Population Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows four different wild bird populations from 1970 to 2004 in the United Kingdom.

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This line graph shows the different amounts of the wild bird population in the UK over a 34-year period of time for four wild bird species groups. The trend suggests that there has been a lot of fluctuation in the numbers of wild bird species for the amount of time shown and that 20 coastal species have significantly flourished, while 19 farmland species have dropped dramatically. All other species have remained relatively stable. The coastal species of wild bird’s accounts for 20 different bird kinds and these species have been on the rise for the 34 years that are shown, with a peak at 140 in the bird population in 1991. For the same year, all the other bird species categories were significantly lower at under 100 on the index. Interestingly, in 1970 the index records all species were at the same amount, that being 100. Clearly, the coastal species was flourishing compared to the others. The farmland species accounted for the smallest group of wild birds, with only 19 different species. This population of birds had steadily dropped over the 34-year period that is shown, with the lowest recorded amount being shown in 1998. By 2004, the difference between the coastal species and the farmland species was bridged by a gap of more than 100, according to the index that was shown. Overall, the graph shows a lot of fluctuations within these bird species’ populations, with the coastal species representing the highest population, and the farmland species having the lowest population.

Value of Exports Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the value of selected exports for three categories over a period of five years by the millions of dollars.

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The line graph shows the dollar value, in the millions, for three selected export categories fuel, food, and manufactured goods. The information is shown over a five-year period, from 2000 to 2005. The trend suggests that the market value for fuel has been rapidly decreasing, while the values for foods and manufactured goods have remained relatively stable.

The value for fuel has been on a steady decrease since 2000 when it was at just under $50,000,000. This pattern continued until 2005 when it was recorded at $20,000,000. This shows a loss in value of $30,000,000 for the five years shown. During this time, there were no increases in fuel values, unlike the other two categories, which show some slight increases, but not significant ones. The values for foods and manufactured goods remained quite steady over the five years that are presented in the graph. The food category remained the most stable, with almost no change recorded during these five years. In fact, the amounts for 2000 and 2005 appear to be the same. Manufactured goods did show a slight increase for one year, from 2001 to 2003. By 2003, these increases had dropped by $5,000,000. For the next two years, manufactured goods showed slight increases, finally amounting to just over $20,000,000 in 2005. Overall, the value of fuel dropped steadily over the five years shown, while food and goods remained relatively steady for the same period of time.

Average Monthly Spending on Children’s Sports Line Graph Sample

The two line graphs below show the average monthly spending on children’s sports and their participation in these sports from 2008 to 2014.

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The two line graphs show the normal amount of spending per month for children’s sports and the participation numbers in these sports for a period of six years. The trend suggests that the amount of money that was being spent steadily increased during these six years, and that the number of children who participated in these three sports was similarly increasing at a steady pace, too. In 2008, the average amount that was spent on sports for children was only twenty pounds, whereas six years later, this amount had increased to just over thirty pounds showing a difference of about ten pounds. This steady increase is clearly shown by the figures that were reported in 2010 and 2012, too. These spending increases can also be seen in the figures the were recorded for children’s participation. By 2014, all three sports, including football, athletics, and swimming, showed higher participation numbers compared to the lower figures that were reported in 2008. Football and swimming showed only slight increases which were very similar to the increases that were seen for monthly spending figures. On the other hand, athletics showed the largest jump in overall participation, from much less than 2.5 million participants, doubling to approximately 5.0 million participants, compared to the other two sports. Overall, the line graphs show a steady increase during this time regarding money spent and those who participated in these sports.

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per person in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, and Portugal between 1967 and 2007.

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The line graph depicts the average amount of CO2 emissions produced per capita for four countries, the UK, Sweden, Italy, and Portugal, over a forty-year period between 1967 and 2007. The trend suggests that Sweden was the most successful country in reducing its level of CO2 emissions per capita than any of the other three countries over the 40-year period that is shown.

In the UK and Sweden, which were the two countries that had the highest levels of CO2 emissions in 1967, their level of emissions steadily reduced over the period, and by 2007 produced considerably less than in 1967. The most noticeable drop can be seen in Sweden, when their CO2 levels went down from over 10 metric tonnes, in 1977, to around 7 metric tonnes, 10 years later.

In contrast with this, Italy and Portugal produced considerably less CO2 emissions than the UK and Sweden in 1967, but since then the levels of CO2 emissions per capita in each country steadily increased until 1997. In the case of Italy, its level of CO2 emissions remained constant from 1997 to 2007, while that of Portugal increased only marginally between 1997 and 2007.

Overall, Italy and Portugal were countries that had low levels of emissions 40 years ago, rising to much larger levels later. The UK and Sweden had the opposite.

Waste Production Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by three accommodation companies over a period of 15 years.

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The line graph shows the amounts of waste that were produced by three hotel businesses over a 15-year period. The trend suggests that both the Greens Village Inn and The Bus Stop Motel reported a dramatic decrease in waste production throughout these 15 years, while in contrast, the production of waste at Samberg’s Hotel rose steadily over the same period. In 2000, Greens Village Inn reported the highest amount of waste production at 20,000 kilograms. This was 15,000 kg higher than the lowest producer of trash, that being Samberg’s Hotel at around 6500 kg. The Bus Stop Motel had an amount that was inbetween the two listed above, at just under 15,000 kg. By the year 2015, Greens Village Inn had reduced their amount of waste to just over 20,000 kg to a low of about 14,000 kg. The Bus Stop Motel reported the most dramatic decrease of almost 10,000 kg going down to a low of just over 5000 kg of waste produced. Oppositely, Samberg’s showed the only increase in garbage production when considering all three accommodations, with a rise in waste from about 6,000 kg to around 17,000 kg. Overall, two of the hotels, Greens Village and The Bus Stop, showed a decreasing waste production, while Samberg’s showed an increasing waste production.

World Food and Oil Prices Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows changes in global food and oil prices between 2000 and 2011.

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The line graph compares the average price of a barrel of oil with the food price index over a period of 11 years. The trend suggests that average global prices of both food and oil rose considerably between 2000 and 2011, although many price fluctuations can be seen during those 11 years. Furthermore, the trends for both commodities were very similar, and so a strong correlation has been suggested.

Food Prices in 2000 were at a low index of around 90 points, steadily increasing at a slow rate with varying degrees of fluctuation until 2007. For one year only, from 2007 to 2008, there was a dramatic increase in the food price points index reaching just over 220 points. Following this year, in 2009, the index plummeted down to 140 points rallying somewhat to 180 points by the end of the same year. By 2011, another dramatic increase was reported hitting a high of just under 140 food price index points.

Similarly, oil prices almost exactly matched the fluctuations and steady increases in the food price index. From 2001 to 2007, the line graph reported that oil process steadily rose to slightly more than the points for food prices. Midway through 2008 and 2009, oil prices hit their highest mark at $130, and just as food points dramatically fell, so did oil prices, to a low of $60. By 2011, these oil prices had rebounded to just under $100 per barrel.

To conclude, average prices around the world for food and oil rose considerably between 2000 and 2011 almost mimicking each other exactly.

Sugar and Obesity Prevalence Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the prevalence of sugar intake compared to obesity with adults in the USA from 1980 to 2013.

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The line graph shows the intake of sugar versus the prevalence of obesity with adults in the United States of American, for 33 years, from 1980 to 2013. The trend suggests that as obesity increased so did the intake of sugar, except in the year 2000, when a dramatic shift occurred with sugar intake lowering and obesity still rising. In 1980, the per person per day sugar intake was reported at 85 grams. Ten years later, the amount of sugar intake had risen to 105 grams, increasing by a difference of 20 grams. Similarly, the percentage of adults who were obese had increased the same amount to approximately 30%. In 2000, sugar intake had increased even more by an additional 5 grams to a total of 110 grams per person per day. In 2000, a dramatic shift occurred concerning the daily intake of sugar. This year, the intake of sugar began a decline which continued to drop for the next 10 years. However, the rate of obesity continued to rise. In 2000, the obesity rate was reported at just over 30% and for the next 10 years, it continued to rise by approximately another 6%. By 2013, the percentage of adults who were considered obese has risen to 38%. To conclude, sugar take, and obesity were similarly linked until a change occurred in the year 2000 when sugar intake dropped, but obesity still continued to rise.

Energy Consumption in the USA Line Graph Sample

The line graph below gives information from a 2008 report about the consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.

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The line graph shows the consumption of energy in the U.S. since 1980 with projections through 2030. The trend suggests that even with a little fluctuation between 1980 and 1995, there was a steady increase in all forms of energy that are shown in this graph, and this is expected to continue until 2030.

Petrol and Oil are shown as the major sources of fuel, rising from 35 quadrillion (35q) units used in 1980 to 42q in 2012. Despite some fluctuation between 1980 and 1995, there was a steady increase, which is expected to continue, until reaching 47q in 2030. The consumption of energy from natural gas and coal followed a similar pattern over the period. From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990. Consumption has fluctuated since 1990, but as of 2015, both are reported at approximately 24q. Coal consumption is projected to rise to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, natural gas is forecast to remain stable at 25q.

In 1980, energy from solar and wind, nuclear, and hydropower was the least-used, with only 4q. Nuclear energy has risen by 3q, and solar and wind by only 2q. Since 2005, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure. It is expected to remain approximately constant through 2030, while the others are projected to rise gradually after 2025.

Overall, fossil fuels will remain the main projected source of energy in the US, with much less projected for nuclear, coal and hydroelectric forms of energy.

Goods Transported in the UK Line Graph Sample

The line graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four modes of transport.

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The line graph shows the differences in transport from 1974 to 2002 in the UK. The trend suggests that road usage was used the most, pipeline usage remained steady, and usage by road, water and railway went up slowly from about 1998 onward.

Road was reported as the highest in 1974, and 2002, with steady increases in-between that period. Similarly, water and rail also showed a slow rise in 2002 with a period of some fluctuations from 1974 onward. In 1978, rail usage was showing signs of decline at 40 million tonnes, while water transport was showing the opposite with increases to just under 60 million tonnes. From this point forward, both water and rail showed very little change, with rail reporting more ups and downs and water remaining quite constant.

Goods transported by pipeline in the UK from 1974 and 2002 was constant at 20 million tonnes from 1994 up to 2002, starting at about one million tonnes in 1974. Unlike road and water, goods transported in these categories were at 40 million tonnes. At the beginning of 1974, pipeline usage increased in 1982 to almost 20 million tonnes and remained constant at that level from 1982 to 1990. From 1990 to 1994 pipeline transport began to slowly decrease.

To conclude, four different modes of transport were used in the UK during this period with road usage showing the most used, and the others showing increases with little change until 2002.

Changes in Ownership of Electrical Appliances Line Graph Sample

The charts below show the changes in ownership of electrical appliances and amount of time spent doing housework in households in one country between 1920 and 2019.

Complete Report

The line graphs show the total percentages of electrical appliances in a given country from 1920 to 2019 and the results of housework undertaken per week. The trend suggests that all electrical appliances became more popular, in particular refrigerators and vacuum cleaners, but that the total time spent doing housework declined steadily and dramatically over the last 99 years.

Refrigerators witnessed the most significant rise, beginning at just over 0% in 1920, surging to more than 50% by 1950, and then continuing to rise steadily until plateauing at 100% around 1980. Vacuum cleaners started higher at 30% and then rose by precisely 20% every 20 years until 1960 when growth tapered, and ownership ultimately reached 100% by 1980. In contrast, proportions for washing machines began at 40%, climbed to 70% by 1960 showing an increase of 30%, then fell slightly, and recovered to finish the period in 2019 at about 75%.

The number of hours per week that were spent washing clothes, preparing meals, and cleaning fell steadily from 50 hours a week in 1920 to 20 by 1960 showing a weekly reduction of 30 hours. After that, the decline was a little more gradual, reaching slightly above 10 hours a week by 2019 which is 40 hours less than in 1920. Over the hundred years that are shown, housework gradually and continually declined. Overall, the percentage of homes with these three appliances steadily rose over the hundred years that are shown, while the amount of housework per household went dramatically down.

Bar Charts

How to Write Reports with Bar Charts

Bar charts are also a very common graph. Bar charts show amounts and as you look at the chart you can easily see the amount and the trends. In their simplest form, you will see one bar for each data source. However more complex bar charts can show multiple data sources for each category. You will get to practice with many different bar charts in this chapter. And it is likely that you will be asked to describe one on the exam.

Here is some advice on how to complete a bar chart question.

• Before you start writing, look at the title, the axis labels and legend to understand what the chart is describing. Then highlight some key points. Choose the biggest amounts in each category in the chart, in each bar column and row. If the chart shows years, look for the biggest changes in the amounts over the time period.

You could also mention the smallest amounts, but you can ignore 'middle' amounts, neither the biggest nor the smallest.

• Write 4 paragraphs – the introduction with the trend of the main points, 2 details paragraphs and a conclusion.

• For your introduction and trend paragraph, try to compare whole categories of bar columns rather than just an individual 'one bar column' in the chart. If you cannot compare whole categories, compare the biggest and smallest amount. Try to write 1 or 2 sentences for the trend.

• In your two 'details' paragraphs, never describe each bar category separately. The examiner wants to see comparisons and contrasts. Try to organize the amounts you highlighted into 2 groups, one for each paragraph, such as the highest amount for all categories together and lowest amounts all together.

• Describe and compare the bars you highlighted. Try to include at least 4 or 5 amounts in each of the two paragraphs. Use the past simple for past years and will or is expected/predicted to for future years. If no time is shown, use the present simple.

• Conclude by restating your tread sentence and highlighting facts that you have discussed in your earlier paragraphs.