INDUSTRY | 08 - February 2025

08 | February 2025

MARKET OVERVIEW

THE TRANSITION OF THE HVAC INDUSTRY TO NEW REFRIGERANTS

12 MARKET OVERVIEW

THE ROLE OF AUTOMATED MACHINERY IN AGRICULTURE

20 MARKET OVERVIEW

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TWINS IN TRANSFORMING THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

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REVOLUTIONISE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES WITH AI-POWERED VISUAL INSPECTION

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INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL MARKET MAGA ZINE

4 THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TWINS IN TRANSFORMING THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY 12 THE TRANSITION OF THE HVAC INDUSTRY TO NEW REFRIGERANTS 20 THE ROLE OF AUTOMATED MACHINERY IN AGRICULTURE 30 THE IMPACT OF IEC 61850 ON THE FUTURE OF THE ENERGY SECTOR 32 MELFA ASSISTA ROBOT AUTOMATES THE APPLICATION OF DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE IN

COLLABORATION WITH WORKERS 35 HMS NETWORKS LAUNCHES EWON CLOUD AND EWON EDGE, TRANSFORMING INDUSTRIAL

REMOTE CONNECTIVITY FOR LARGE MACHINE FLEETS 36 7LAYERS AND ROHDE & SCHWARZ PRESENT PIONEERING BLUETOOTH RF TEST SOLUTION 37 TOLOMATIC INTRODUCES DRIVE INTEGRATION TOOL TO STREAMLINE SERVO LINEAR

ACTUATOR COMMISSIONING 38 AETINA ADVANCES EDGE AI WITH SUPER MODE FOR NVIDIA JETSON ORIN 39 IGUS NOW OFFERS A SAFE, PTFE-FREE VERSION OF ITS VERSATILE TELESCOPIC RAIL SYSTEM 40 HOW COMPACT ENERGY SOLUTIONS WILL POWER THE WORLD 42 REVOLUTIONISE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES WITH AI-POWERED VISUAL INSPECTION 43 KOLLMORGEN ENHANCES SAFEMOTION MONITOR WITH EXPANDED FUNCTIONAL SAFETY

FEATURES 44 WIELAND ELECTRIC AND ROSS CONTROLS OFFER TÜV-CERTIFIED TRAINING PROGRAM FOR

FUNCTIONAL SAFETY EXPERTS 46 STREAMLINING TRAFFIC OPERATIONS WITH ANYBUS WIRELESS BRIDGE: A CASE STUDY OF ITS

TEKNIK 48 ALLEIMA SUPPLIES PREEM IN THE GREEN TRANSITION OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 50 NVIDIA LAUNCHES COSMOS WORLD FOUNDATION MODEL PLATFORM TO ACCELERATE

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52 HEXAGON RAMPS UP ADAS SOFTWARE INNOVATION WITH CLOUD-NATIVE QUALITY TEST

AUTOMATION SOLUTION 54 NEW EMERSON DEWPOINT SENSOR MONITORS HUMIDITY AND AIR QUALITY IN REAL TIME FOR

ENHANCED RELIABILITY OF GAS PROCESSES 56 SIEMENS UNVEILS BREAKTHROUGH INNOVATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL AI AND DIGITAL TWIN

TECHNOLOGY 58 ADVANCING ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH CUMMINS’ TWO-STAGE TURBOCHARGING

INNOVATION 60 ONE EQUITY PARTNERS COMPLETES INVESTMENT IN COMAU, AN ITALIAN INDUSTRIAL

AUTOMATION LEADER 61 DELTA INTRODUCES MSI MOTOR SERIES FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL FUTURE 62 PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CABLE TESTING 64 TELEDYNE GAS & FLAME DETECTION LAUNCHES TELEDYNE GDCLOUD 66 NEW SECO HELICAL MILLING CUTTER DELIVERS THREE TIMES LONGER TOOL LIFE

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THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TWINS IN TRANSFORMING THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY Digital twin technology has emerged as a groundbreaking solution, transforming the way energy is produced and managed, says K.A.Gerardino.

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he oil and gas industry has long been the backbone of the global economy. However, mounting challenges such as market volatility, environmental pressures, and operational inefficiencies are compelling the industry to evolve and innovate. Digital twin technology has emerged as a groundbreaking solution, transforming the way energy is produced and managed.

The global digital twin market in the oil and gas sector was valued at approximately US$109.6 million in 2023 and is projected to reach around US$912.1 million by 2032, with an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26.54% from 2024 to 2032, according to Astute Analytica.

North America is at the forefront of adopting digital twin technology in the oil and gas sector, capturing over onethird of the market share in 2022. Europe and the Asia-Pacific region collectively accounted for nearly 54% of the share that same year, highlighting the growing global adoption of this transformative technology.

As part of the broader wave of digital transformation, digital twins are emerging as a powerful solution to some of the industry's most pressing challenges. By harnessing advancements in the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT), this technology is revolutionizing the oil and gas sector.

It enables companies to streamline asset management, enhance performance, reduce operating costs, and minimize unplanned downtime—all while laying the foundation for a smarter, more efficient future.

How exactly can digital twin technology transform the oil and gas industry? Which companies are leading the charge in adopting this cutting-edge innovation, and what benefits and challenges accompany its implementation?

Discover the latest trends shaping digital twin technology in 2025, from improving operational efficiency to advancing sustainability initiatives. This article delves into how digital twins are redefining the future of oil and gas, offering valuable insights into the opportunities and challenges ahead.

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Current Challenges in the Oil & Gas Industry The oil and gas sector is highly sensitive to market volatility, driven by global economic fluctuations, geopolitical tensions, and energy demand-supply dynamics.

Unpredictable shifts in crude oil prices significantly affect profitability, investment decisions, and project feasibility.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent recovery phases highlighted the sector's vulnerability to external shocks. Additionally, demand uncertainty poses a challenge as renewable energy sources gain momentum and energy consumption patterns continue to evolve, making it increasingly difficult to forecast future demand for oil and gas. Geopolitical risks further complicate the landscape, with conflicts in oil-producing regions, trade restrictions, and sanctions against key players disrupting supply chains and creating uncertainty in global markets.

In parallel, sustainability has become an essential priority for the oil and gas industry, driven by global climate change initiatives and growing regulatory demands. As a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, the sector faces intense scrutiny from governments, NGOs, and the public.

The widespread adoption of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydrogen, challenges the long-term relevance of fossil fuels, urging the industry to adapt. Stricter environmental regulations, including carbon pricing and emissions caps, require significant investments in cleaner 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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technologies and operational adjustments. Furthermore, heightened public awareness of environmental issues has intensified criticism of oil and gas companies, pressuring them to demonstrate genuine sustainability efforts and maintain their social license to operate.

Operational inefficiencies add another layer of complexity, adversely affecting productivity and profitability. Many oil and gas facilities, pipelines, and rigs were built decades ago, resulting in aging infrastructure that demands costly maintenance and upgrades to ensure safety and reliability.

Unplanned downtime caused by equipment failures or unexpected disruptions often leads to significant financial losses and challenges in meeting supply commitments.

Additionally, the global scope of the industry, involving numerous stakeholders and regions, complicates logistics and supply chain management, further hindering operational efficiency.

Talent shortages are also a critical concern as the industry undergoes a generational shift. Many experienced professionals are nearing retirement, creating a skills gap in vital technical roles. Attracting younger talent has become increasingly difficult, as the industry's perceived misalignment with sustainability and digital innovation makes it less appealing to tech-savvy professionals.

Meanwhile, rapid advancements in technologies such

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projects are increasingly attracting capital that would have traditionally flowed into oil and gas ventures, intensifying competition for funding within the energy sector.

Adding to these financial and operational challenges, the oil and gas industry operates in extreme environments, such as offshore sites and remote regions, which inherently come with significant risks. High-pressure drilling, deepsea exploration, and aging infrastructure heighten the chances of accidents and spills. Environmental disasters, such as oil spills and gas leaks, cause long-term ecological damage and severe reputational harm, underscoring the need for stringent safety protocols. Additionally, geopolitical uncertainties in resource-rich regions and the rising frequency of extreme weather events linked to climate change add further layers of complexity to risk management.

as automation, artificial intelligence, and digital twins demand specialized skills that are currently in short supply, exacerbating the workforce mismatch and hampering innovation.

While digital transformation offers solutions to many challenges, the oil and gas sector often lags behind other industries in adopting advanced technologies. Dependence on outdated IT systems limits the integration of modern solutions, curbing efficiency and innovation. Additionally, the digitization of operations increases vulnerability to cyberattacks, threatening sensitive data and critical infrastructure. Organizational resistance to change further slows the adoption of transformative technologies like digital twins, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, preventing the industry from fully realizing the benefits of digital advancements.

The capital-intensive nature of the oil and gas industry also poses significant challenges. Investors, particularly shareholders and institutional entities, are demanding greater accountability in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, shaping funding decisions and priorities. At the same time, the high costs associated with exploration, production, and maintenance projects make securing upfront investments difficult, especially in volatile markets. Compounding the issue, renewable energy

Finally, the global energy landscape is undergoing a rapid transformation, driven by the growing emphasis on renewable energy and decarbonization. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydrogen are becoming increasingly cost-competitive, challenging the dominance of fossil fuels. Global initiatives such as the Paris Agreement are pushing oil and gas companies to adopt cleaner energy practices, forcing them to navigate the delicate balance between profitability and sustainability. Although the industry is investing in innovative solutions like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and green hydrogen, the pace of development remains slow relative to the urgency of the energy transition, highlighting the critical need for accelerated action and innovation.

As the oil and gas industry grapples with these interconnected challenges, it must prioritize innovation, sustainability, and operational excellence to remain competitive in an evolving energy landscape. Addressing these issues requires collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, governments, and technology providers to ensure the sector's long-term viability and contribution to global energy needs.

How Digital Twins Address Industry Challenges Digital twin technology has become a pivotal tool in solving some of the most pressing challenges in the oil and gas industry. By offering real-time insights, advanced simulations, and predictive analytics, digital twins are helping companies optimize their operations, reduce risks, and enhance sustainability efforts. Below is an expanded exploration of how digital twins address these challenges, along with examples of suppliers and companies leading the way in this transformative technology.

1. Operational Efficiency Operational efficiency is critical in the oil and gas sector, where delays or inefficiencies can result in significant financial losses. Digital twins help streamline workflows and maximize productivity by offering real-time data insights and advanced process simulations.

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• Streamlined Asset Management: Digital twins provide companies with a digital replica of their physical assets, enabling real-time tracking and better decision-making for asset allocation and utilization.

• Emission Reduction: Real-time monitoring helps companies identify areas of inefficiency and waste, allowing for targeted interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Improved Workflow Integration: By integrating disparate systems and processes on a unified platform, digital twins reduce operational silos and improve cross-departmental communication.

• Resource Utilization: Simulations help optimize the use of raw materials, minimizing waste and promoting circular practices.

Suppliers/Companies • Siemens Energy: Provides comprehensive digital twin solutions for oil and gas facilities, including predictive analytics and asset optimization tools.

• AVEVA: Offers an industrial software suite that incorporates digital twin technology to improve asset lifecycle management.

• GE Digital: Focuses on digital twins for industrial assets, providing software to monitor, predict, and optimize equipment performance.

2. Predictive Maintenance Equipment failures and unplanned downtimes are among the costliest challenges in the oil and gas industry. Digital twins allow companies to adopt predictive maintenance strategies, minimizing disruptions and lowering operational costs.

• Real-Time Monitoring: Digital twins use IoT sensors to monitor equipment in real-time, collecting data on performance, temperature, pressure, and wear.

• Failure Prediction: Predictive algorithms analyze data trends to anticipate equipment malfunctions, enabling preemptive action and reducing downtime.

Suppliers/Companies • IBM: Through its Maximo Application Suite, IBM offers digital twin capabilities designed for predictive maintenance and asset performance management.

• PTC: Known for its ThingWorx platform, PTC specializes in IoT and digital twin solutions for monitoring and predictive maintenance in oil and gas.

• Aspen Technology: Provides predictive maintenance solutions integrated with digital twin models, focusing on upstream and downstream operations.

3. Sustainability Sustainability has become a central focus in the oil and gas industry, driven by regulatory requirements and public pressure to reduce carbon footprints. Digital twins offer a path to improved environmental performance through energy optimization, emissions reduction, and resource efficiency.

• Energy Optimization: Digital twins simulate operational scenarios to identify the most energy-efficient methods for drilling, refining, and transporting oil and gas.

Suppliers/Companies • Schneider Electric: Provides digital twin solutions for energy management, helping companies optimize energy use and reduce emissions in oil and gas facilities.

• Honeywell: Offers advanced process control systems integrated with digital twin technology for improving operational sustainability.

• Shell: While also a user, Shell collaborates with technology providers to implement digital twins in its refineries, achieving measurable sustainability benefits.

4. Risk Management Oil and gas operations involve inherent risks, ranging from equipment failures to environmental disasters. Digital twins enhance risk management by providing predictive insights and simulating complex scenarios.

• Virtual Simulations for Safety: Companies can use digital twins to simulate emergency responses, test safety protocols, and train employees in virtual environments.

• Hazard Identification: By simulating operations under various conditions, digital twins help identify vulnerabilities and risks before they materialize.

• Regulatory Compliance: Digital twins also assist in meeting environmental and safety standards by ensuring that operations adhere to regulatory guidelines.

Suppliers/Companies • Halliburton: Through its Landmark software, Halliburton offers digital twin solutions for risk analysis and operational optimization.

• Baker Hughes: Provides digital twin-enabled safety and risk management tools, focusing on both upstream and downstream operations.

• Dassault Systèmes: Offers the 3DEXPERIENCE platform, which includes virtual twin capabilities for simulating and managing operational risks.

Exploring the Future Digital twin technology has the potential to revolutionize the oil and gas industry, offering unprecedented opportunities to drive efficiency, sustainability, and safety.

Its transformative power lies in its ability to address the sector’s complex challenges, such as market volatility and environmental pressures, while positioning the industry to meet future energy demands. However, the ultimate impact of digital twins depends on how effectively they are adopted and integrated across operations.

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Digital twins are already proving to be critical tools for addressing the industry’s current challenges, but their potential goes far beyond optimization. With advancements in IoT and AI, digital twins offer end-to-end visibility, providing a comprehensive view of the entire value chain, from exploration and production to refining and distribution. Future iterations of the technology could enable autonomous operations, where systems are self-regulating and require minimal human intervention, reducing errors and enhancing efficiency. Furthermore, digital twins hold the potential to lead the industry in sustainability efforts by enabling companies to reduce emissions, optimize energy use, and innovate in green technologies such as carbon capture.

Several industry leaders are already showcasing the transformative potential of digital twins. Shell has pioneered the use of digital twins in its refineries, optimizing processes to reduce emissions and align with its sustainability goals. BP employs the technology to monitor and manage offshore platforms, significantly improving operational efficiency and minimizing unplanned downtimes. Chevron has integrated digital twins into its drilling operations, enabling predictive maintenance that saves millions in repair costs while enhancing safety. Equinor uses digital twins to optimize offshore operations and strengthen safety protocols in extreme environments. Additionally, technology providers like Schneider Electric and Siemens Energy are empowering the oil and gas sector with advanced digital twin solutions, streamlining asset management and energy optimization.

Adopting digital twin technology comes with notable benefits. Companies can enhance efficiency by streamlining asset management and operations, reducing costs and downtime. Predictive insights allow for proactive maintenance and risk mitigation, improving safety and reliability. Moreover, digital twins contribute to sustainability by helping companies meet emissions targets and optimize resource use, bolstering their environmental credibility.

However, the path to adoption is not without challenges.

High implementation costs, including investments in IoT sensors and software, can be a barrier for many companies.

Integrating data from legacy systems into digital twin platforms is often complex and time-consuming. The technology also demands a skilled workforce proficient in IoT, AI, and data analytics, which can be a limitation given the current skills gap in the industry. Additionally, cultural resistance within organizations may hinder adoption, as some stakeholders remain reluctant to change established processes.

Digital twin technology represents a bold step forward for the oil and gas industry, offering solutions to pressing challenges while paving the way for a more efficient and sustainable future. As trailblazers continue to demonstrate its potential, the broader adoption of digital twins could redefine the industry’s operational landscape and its role in the global energy transition.

Digital Twins in the Oil & Gas Industry in 2025 The global digital twin market in the oil and gas sector is set for exponential growth, driven by increasing demands for operational efficiency, sustainability, and advanced

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technological integration. By 2025, digital twins are expected to play a pivotal role in transforming the industry, enabling companies to navigate volatile markets, reduce costs, and address environmental challenges. The transformative potential of digital twins far outweighs their challenges, offering the industry a powerful tool to meet evolving energy demands. With rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT), digital twin systems will become more robust and indispensable. These technologies promise real-time insights, predictive capabilities, and autonomous operations that will redefine industry standards for efficiency and sustainability.

Early adopters of digital twins are already reaping the benefits, and as the technology matures, its value proposition will only increase. Companies that integrate digital twins across their operations can achieve significant cost savings by streamlining workflows, enabling predictive maintenance, and minimizing downtime. Additionally, digital twins align closely with global sustainability goals by optimizing resource use and reducing emissions, positioning companies as leaders in environmental stewardship. Integration into renewable energy initiatives and carbon reduction technologies further highlights the role of digital twins in bridging the gap between traditional fossil fuels and the green energy future.

However, the widespread adoption of digital twins hinges on overcoming several key barriers, including high implementation costs, data integration challenges, and cultural resistance to change. Addressing these obstacles will require collaborative efforts among oil and gas companies, technology providers, and governments.

Investments in workforce development, particularly upskilling employees in IoT, AI, and data analytics, will be crucial. Moreover, fostering a culture of innovation within organizations will help stakeholders view digital twins as essential for long-term growth and resilience rather than as disruptive technology.

The pressing question remains: Will the oil and gas industry fully embrace the opportunities offered by digital twins, or will this potential go untapped? The answer will shape the sector’s future, influencing profitability, operational efficiency, and relevance in the rapidly shifting global energy landscape. Companies that fail to adopt digital twin technology risk losing market share and credibility as the energy industry transitions toward greener and more technologically advanced systems. Conversely, those that embrace this innovation stand to redefine their operations and play a leading role in shaping a sustainable energy future.

Key Drivers of Growth Several factors are propelling the adoption of digital twins in the oil and gas sector: • Operational Efficiency: The drive to optimize processes, reduce downtime, and cut costs is accelerating the use of digital twins in upstream, midstream, and downstream operations.

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• Sustainability Pressures: Stricter environmental regulations and corporate commitments to carbon neutrality are encouraging companies to use digital twins for emissions reduction and energy optimization.

• Technological Advancements: Integration with IoT, AI, ML, and cloud computing has enhanced the functionality and accessibility of digital twin solutions.

• Market Volatility: In an industry impacted by fluctuating oil prices, digital twins offer a competitive edge by enabling better decision-making and resource allocation in real-time.

Applications in the Oil & Gas Sector Digital twins are revolutionizing operations across all segments of the oil and gas industry: • Upstream: Used for optimizing drilling operations, predicting equipment failures, and modeling reservoir performance.

• Midstream: Key applications include pipeline monitoring and predictive maintenance, reducing the risk of leaks and improving transport efficiency.

• Downstream: Refineries benefit from digital twins through process optimization, energy efficiency improvements, and emissions monitoring.

Leading Companies and Suppliers Several companies are setting benchmarks in digital twin implementation: • Schneider Electric and Siemens Energy: Providing comprehensive platforms for optimizing asset management and sustainability.

• Shell and BP: Early adopters using digital twins to enhance operational efficiency and reduce emissions.

• Baker Hughes: Focused on integrating digital twins into upstream and midstream operations to improve performance and safety.

• AVEVA and GE Digital: Offering software solutions tailored to predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and process simulation.

Future Trends in 2025 By 2025, digital twin technology is expected to evolve in several transformative ways: • AI-Driven Autonomous Operations: Self-regulating capabilities will require minimal human intervention, enhancing efficiency and reducing errors.

• Integration with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Digital twins will optimize CCS processes, helping companies meet emissions reduction targets.

• Supply Chain Optimization: Digital twins will expand to provide visibility and efficiency across entire supply chains.

• Emergence of SaaS Models: Subscription-based digital twin services will make the technology more accessible to small and mid-sized companies.

Enhanced Cybersecurity: As digitization increases, robust cybersecurity measures will become integral to digital twin platforms.

Challenges to Watch Despite their potential, digital twins face several challenges: • High Implementation Costs: Substantial upfront investments in IoT sensors, software, and infrastructure remain a barrier.

• Data Integration: Merging legacy systems with digital twin platforms is complex and time-consuming.

• Talent Shortages: A skilled workforce proficient in IoT, AI, and data analytics is essential for successful adoption.

• Cultural Resistance: Stakeholders may be reluctant to change established processes, hindering adoption.

Conclusion By 2025, digital twins will be central to the oil and gas industry’s digital transformation. Companies that embrace this technology will gain a competitive edge, achieving greater operational efficiency, sustainability, and resilience in an evolving energy landscape. With significant growth on the horizon, digital twins are no longer a futuristic concept—they are a present-day necessity, shaping the future of the oil and gas industry and its role in a greener, more technologically advanced energy system.

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THE TRANSITION OF THE HVAC INDUSTRY TO NEW REFRIGERANTS With HVAC systems being ubiquitous in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, the shift to sustainable refrigerants has far-reaching implications, writes K.A.Gerardino.

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he heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry is undergoing a monumental transformation as it embraces new refrigerants to reduce its environmental footprint. This shift, driven by mounting regulatory pressures and the global push for sustainability, represents a proactive step by the industry to align with worldwide climate goals. Historically, refrigerants have been significant contributors to ozone depletion and global warming. Now, the adoption of eco-friendly alternatives underscores the industry’s commitment to innovation, environmental stewardship, and responsible growth.

The importance of this transition cannot be overstated. With HVAC systems being ubiquitous in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, the shift to sustainable refrigerants has far-reaching implications for energy efficiency, environmental health, and economic dynamics. Beyond compliance with regulatory mandates, this transformation is creating opportunities for innovation and collaboration across the sector. From research and development to consumer education and system upgrades, the path forward is one of both challenge and promise.

Market Trends and Growth Trajectories The global market for low-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants is on an impressive growth trajectory. According to industry forecasts, this market is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8% from 2023 to 2028, reaching an estimated US$25.6 billion by 2025.

This growth is fueled by an interplay of factors, including regulatory measures, consumer demand for energy-efficient solutions, and advancements in refrigeration technologies.

One of the most influential regulatory developments shaping the market is the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. This international agreement mandates the phasedown of high-GWP hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are widely used in HVAC systems. In response, manufacturers are innovating at an unprecedented pace, developing refrigerants that balance performance, safety, and environmental impact.

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Geographically, while North America and Europe are leading in the adoption of low-GWP refrigerants due to stringent environmental regulations and advanced infrastructure, the Asia-Pacific region is emerging as a key growth market.

Rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and increasing consumer awareness are driving demand in this region.

Government initiatives and favorable policies further bolster this trend, making Asia-Pacific a focal point for growth in the global refrigerant market.

The Asia-Pacific region is not just a key growth market but a dynamic driver of the global shift toward low-GWP refrigerants. Its unique combination of rapid urbanization and industrial expansion creates a fertile environment for innovation and adoption of sustainable HVAC solutions.

With a burgeoning middle class and heightened consumer awareness about environmental issues, the region is experiencing a transformative shift in preferences, favoring energy-efficient and eco-friendly cooling technologies.

Moreover, Asia-Pacific's diverse economies, ranging from emerging markets to advanced industrial hubs, offer a testing ground for scalable solutions that cater to varied needs. Governments across the region are not only implementing favorable policies but also investing in research, infrastructure, and public-private partnerships to accelerate the transition. These factors position AsiaPacific as a global leader in shaping the future of refrigerant technology, potentially influencing market trends and regulatory standards far beyond its borders. This role as a catalyst for change underscores the region's importance in driving a sustainable and inclusive global refrigerant transition.

Pioneering Companies Driving Change The transition to new refrigerants is being championed by several industry leaders that are setting benchmarks for innovation, sustainability, and compliance. These companies are leveraging cutting-edge research and development to create solutions that address both current needs and future challenges.

Honeywell International Inc. is a pioneer in low-GWP refrigerants, with its Solstice® product line becoming a gold standard in the HVAC industry. Honeywell’s commitment to sustainability is evident in its continuous expansion of this portfolio, catering to diverse applications while adhering to global environmental standards.

The Chemours Company has positioned itself as a leader in sustainable solutions with its Opteon™ refrigerants. These products are designed to deliver high performance with a significantly reduced environmental impact. Chemours’ investment in innovation ensures it remains a pivotal player in the industry’s shift away from high-GWP HFCs. Daikin Industries Ltd., a global leader in HVAC technologies, has been at the forefront of promoting R-32 refrigerants.

These products offer enhanced energy efficiency and a lower GWP compared to traditional options, reinforcing Daikin’s reputation as an innovator and sustainability advocate.

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Carrier Global Corporation has demonstrated a strong commitment to integrating low-GWP refrigerants across its product lines. By aligning its strategies with global sustainability goals, Carrier is helping to shape a greener future for the HVAC industry.

Trane Technologies has emerged as a key advocate for natural refrigerants like CO₂ and ammonia. These alternatives offer minimal environmental impact, and Trane’s dedication to adopting and promoting them underscores its role as a leader in sustainable practices.

These companies, through their combined efforts, are not only advancing the adoption of sustainable refrigerants but also driving the broader transition toward environmentally responsible HVAC solutions.

Challenges in Transition While the transition to new refrigerants presents immense opportunities, it also brings significant challenges that must be addressed to ensure a smooth and effective implementation.

One of the primary challenges lies in system compatibility.

Many existing HVAC systems are not designed to operate with low-GWP refrigerants, which necessitates extensive retrofits or even complete replacements. This incompatibility

Image Courtesy of Carrier Global Corporation

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creates a substantial financial burden, particularly for smaller businesses that may lack the resources to undertake such significant investments. The costs associated with retrofitting older systems or purchasing entirely new equipment can strain budgets, posing a critical hurdle to widespread adoption.

Safety concerns further complicate the transition. The introduction of new refrigerants, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and natural refrigerants, brings additional risks related to flammability and toxicity. These properties demand stringent safety protocols to ensure that the systems can be installed, operated, and maintained without jeopardizing user safety. Comprehensive training programs for technicians are essential to equip them with the knowledge and skills to handle these refrigerants responsibly, but such initiatives can be time-consuming and costly.

Cost implications extend beyond system upgrades and safety measures. The transition to low-GWP refrigerants requires significant investments in workforce training, infrastructure updates, and the acquisition of specialized tools and equipment. These expenses can be particularly daunting for small and medium-sized enterprises, which may already operate on tight margins. Balancing these

financial demands with the need to remain competitive and compliant is a delicate task for many businesses.

The complexity of regulatory frameworks adds another layer of challenge. With variations in requirements across regions, manufacturers and stakeholders must navigate a patchwork of laws and standards. This regulatory diversity creates confusion and complicates efforts to achieve uniform compliance on a global scale. Companies are tasked with staying informed about constantly evolving regulations, which requires dedicated resources and expertise.

Successfully managing these complexities is crucial for ensuring adherence to environmental and safety standards while maintaining operational efficiency.

Emerging Trends for 2025 and Beyond As the HVAC industry approaches 2025, several emerging trends are expected to shape its trajectory. One of the most significant developments is the growing adoption of natural refrigerants. Options such as carbon dioxide (CO₂ or R-744), ammonia (R-717), and hydrocarbons are increasingly being recognized for their negligible global warming potential (GWP). These refrigerants offer environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional options. However, their adoption is not without challenges. Regional variations in safety standards and infrastructure readiness create disparities in their implementation. While some regions have embraced

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these refrigerants fully, others are grappling with the technical and regulatory adjustments needed to support their use.

Energy efficiency technologies are another transformative trend reshaping the HVAC landscape. Smart systems and Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices are revolutionizing energy management by optimizing refrigerant use, reducing overall energy consumption, and enhancing the performance of HVAC systems. These technologies allow for real-time monitoring and control, enabling users to finetune their systems for maximum efficiency. By integrating these innovations, the industry is not only improving operational performance but also contributing significantly to sustainability goals.

Circular economy initiatives are gaining prominence as companies strive to reduce their environmental footprint.

Recycling and reclaiming refrigerants have become essential components of sustainability strategies. These practices minimize waste and reduce the environmental impact of HVAC operations. By reclaiming used refrigerants and recycling them for future use, the industry is adopting a more resource-efficient approach that aligns with global environmental priorities.

The Asia-Pacific region is emerging as a leader in the global adoption of low-GWP refrigerants. This leadership is driven by a combination of favorable government policies, rapid industrialization, and rising consumer awareness about environmental issues. Governments in this region are implementing initiatives that support the transition to sustainable HVAC technologies, making Asia-Pacific a critical driver of global progress in this area.

Collaborative efforts among manufacturers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders are further accelerating innovation and fostering the adoption of best practices.

These partnerships are crucial for addressing the complex challenges associated with the refrigerant transition. By sharing knowledge, resources, and expertise, stakeholders are creating a more cohesive and coordinated approach to advancing sustainable HVAC solutions. This spirit of collaboration is not only driving technological advancements but also ensuring that the industry can meet regulatory and environmental goals effectively.

Regulatory Drivers and the 2025 Refrigerant Transition At the heart of the refrigerant transition are pivotal regulatory frameworks designed to reduce the environmental impact of HVAC systems and refrigeration technologies. Two key initiatives, the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act of 2020 and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, have emerged as driving forces behind this global shift. These measures are compelling the industry to phase down the use of high-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants while fostering the adoption of sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives.

The AIM Act, enacted in the United States, establishes a structured timeline for reducing the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning. The Act mandates an 85% reduction in HFC

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usage by 2036, with significant milestones beginning as early as 2025. This phasedown is part of a broader strategy to mitigate climate change and aligns with international efforts to address the environmental impact of refrigerants.

To achieve these ambitious goals, the AIM Act empowers the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement regulations, incentivize the development of low-GWP alternatives, and ensure compliance across industries.

Complementing the AIM Act, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol extends the global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Signed by over 120 countries, the Kigali Amendment calls for a gradual phaseout of HFCs, recognizing their contribution to global warming despite their ozone-friendly characteristics. This landmark agreement provides a roadmap for nations to transition to refrigerants with lower environmental impacts while balancing economic and technological considerations.

The Kigali Amendment has been instrumental in uniting countries under a shared vision for sustainability, driving innovation, and encouraging collaboration among governments, manufacturers, and environmental organizations.

These regulatory frameworks not only set ambitious targets but also encourage significant advancements in refrigerant technology and system design. By creating a clear timeline and establishing compliance mechanisms, the AIM Act and Kigali Amendment have spurred investment in research and development, resulting in the emergence of nextgeneration refrigerants such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and natural alternatives like CO₂ and ammonia. Moreover, these initiatives are fostering a culture of accountability, ensuring that manufacturers and industry stakeholders align their practices with environmental objectives.

As the 2025 milestone approaches, the regulatory landscape is reshaping the HVAC and refrigeration industries, challenging them to innovate and adapt. These frameworks are not merely about compliance; they represent a transformative opportunity to redefine industry standards, reduce carbon footprints, and contribute meaningfully to global climate goals. The collaboration and commitment required to meet these regulations underscore the importance of collective action in achieving a sustainable future.

Opportunities for Sustainability and Innovation The refrigerant transition presents an unprecedented opportunity for the HVAC industry to embrace sustainability and drive innovation. This shift is not merely a regulatory requirement but a chance to reimagine and modernize HVAC systems to align with global environmental goals.

At the forefront of this transformation are heat pumps, which offer dual functionality for heating and cooling while maintaining compatibility with low-global-warmingpotential (GWP) refrigerants. These systems are rapidly becoming a preferred choice for residential, commercial, and industrial applications due to their exceptional energy efficiency and reduced carbon footprint. By utilizing renewable energy sources, heat pumps further enhance sustainability, making them a cornerstone of the industry’s future.

Image Courtesy of Daikin Industries Ltd.

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Smart thermostats and advanced energy management systems are revolutionizing how HVAC systems operate.

These technologies provide users with granular control over temperature settings, allowing for tailored energy consumption based on real-time needs. IoT-enabled devices and cloud-based analytics further optimize system performance by predicting maintenance needs, reducing downtime, and minimizing energy waste. By integrating these advanced solutions, consumers and businesses can achieve significant cost savings while contributing to broader sustainability efforts.

In addition to system-level advancements, manufacturers are investing in the development of innovative materials and designs that maximize efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Lightweight, durable materials that enhance thermal conductivity and minimize energy loss are being incorporated into HVAC components. These innovations not only improve system performance but also reduce manufacturing emissions and resource usage, creating a more sustainable production cycle.

The transition to low-GWP refrigerants is also spurring the exploration of alternative cooling technologies. From magnetic refrigeration to thermoelectric cooling, cuttingedge approaches are being developed to complement traditional systems. These technologies promise to deliver high efficiency with minimal environmental impact, offering new avenues for differentiation and market leadership.

Collaboration among industry stakeholders is playing a vital role in driving these innovations. Partnerships between manufacturers, research institutions, and policymakers are fostering the exchange of knowledge and resources, accelerating the development and adoption of sustainable technologies. Collaborative efforts are also ensuring that innovations are scalable and accessible, enabling widespread implementation across diverse markets.

As the HVAC industry continues to evolve, the focus on sustainability and innovation is unlocking new growth opportunities. Companies that proactively invest in ecofriendly solutions and cutting-edge technologies are not only positioning themselves as leaders in the transition but also gaining a competitive edge in an increasingly environmentally conscious market. The refrigerant transition is thus a catalyst for meaningful change, reshaping the industry while addressing the pressing challenges of climate change and resource conservation.

Preparing for the Future For HVAC professionals, the transition to new refrigerants demands a proactive and comprehensive approach to ensure both compliance and competitiveness in a rapidly evolving industry. Specialized training is paramount, as working with low-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants often introduces new safety considerations,

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handling procedures, and system requirements. Technicians and engineers must be equipped with the knowledge and skills to navigate these complexities, including the proper use of advanced tools and technologies tailored for lowGWP applications. Regular participation in workshops, certification programs, and industry forums will help professionals stay at the forefront of emerging best practices.

Updating equipment is another critical component of preparation. Many existing tools and systems are incompatible with the new refrigerants, necessitating investments in updated machinery, leak detection devices, and safety equipment. These upgrades not only ensure compliance with regulatory standards but also enhance operational efficiency and service quality. For businesses, this may require careful planning to balance the costs of equipment modernization with long-term benefits, such as reduced energy consumption and maintenance requirements.

Staying informed about evolving regulations is equally essential. The regulatory landscape surrounding refrigerants is complex and continually changing, with varying requirements across regions and markets. HVAC professionals must dedicate resources to monitoring legislative updates and aligning their practices with the latest compliance standards. Engaging with industry associations, subscribing to relevant publications, and fostering relationships with regulatory bodies can provide valuable insights and guidance.

Collaboration among stakeholders will be instrumental in ensuring a smooth transition. Manufacturers, policymakers, and consumers must work together to address the challenges and opportunities associated with the refrigerant shift. Manufacturers can support professionals by providing training resources, technical support, and transparent information about the performance and safety of their products. Policymakers can contribute by offering clear guidelines, incentives for early adoption, and funding for research and development. Consumers, meanwhile, play a vital role in driving demand for sustainable solutions, and their feedback can guide the industry in meeting real-world needs effectively.

Consumer education is another cornerstone of preparing for the future. Many end-users remain unaware of the benefits of transitioning to low-GWP systems, and HVAC professionals have a unique opportunity to bridge this knowledge gap.

By highlighting the long-term advantages, such as cost savings through improved energy efficiency, enhanced environmental responsibility, and compliance with future regulations, professionals can foster greater acceptance and enthusiasm for these systems. Tailored outreach efforts, including educational campaigns, community workshops, and personalized consultations, can demystify

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the refrigerant transition and empower consumers to make informed decisions.

Ultimately, preparing for the refrigerant transition is not just about meeting regulatory deadlines; it is about positioning the HVAC industry for long-term success in a sustainable future. By adopting a forward-thinking approach, investing in innovation, and fostering collaboration, HVAC professionals can lead the way in creating a greener, more efficient, and economically viable industry.

Conclusion The transition to new refrigerants marks a defining chapter in the evolution of the HVAC industry. It is a moment of profound transformation, where the challenges of today fuel the innovations of tomorrow. This shift offers the industry an unparalleled opportunity to redefine its role in combating climate change, advancing sustainability, and setting new benchmarks for environmental stewardship. It is not merely about compliance with regulations but about embracing a vision for a cleaner, greener future.

Now that 2025 has arrived, the HVAC industry finds itself on the brink of transformative change. The adoption of lowglobal-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants transcends regulatory obligations to become a strategic imperative that will shape the industry’s legacy. Through bold innovation, cross-sector collaboration, and an unwavering commitment to sustainable practices, the HVAC sector is poised to lead a global movement toward environmental responsibility.

This transition is more than a challenge; it is an invitation to build a better world—one that future generations can be proud of. By stepping confidently into this new era, the HVAC industry reaffirms its place as a vital contributor to the global pursuit of sustainability and progress.

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THE ROLE OF AUTOMATED MACHINERY IN AGRICULTURE Automated machinery is reshaping agriculture by enhancing productivity, sustainability, and precision.

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he history of mechanisation in agriculture began thousands of years ago, soon after the early humans gradually drifted from their hunter gatherer routine and turned to cultivating food crops. It is commonly believed humans began farming activity around 12,000 years ago, in what is now termed as the Neolithic Revolution. The earliest tools used in agriculture were simple and rudimentary. Till the onset of the (first) Industrial Revolution, agriculture was primarily labour-intensive and relied on traditional methods. Farmers used simple hand tools like hoes, sickles, and wooden ploughs, which required a lot of physical effort and limited the scale of farming. However, some efforts at modernising agricultural practices had started even before the Industrial Revolution, a prominent example being the seed drill, invented by Jethro Tull around 1700. The seed drill allowed more uniform spacing of seed and planting depth than hand methods, increasing yield and saving valuable seed as well as time.

This article explores the profound impact of automated machinery on agriculture, from its historical roots and current applications to its transformative benefits and the challenges it presents. The idea is to examine both the opportunities and obstacles, and understand how automation is shaping the future of farming and what this means for a world that increasingly depends on innovation to feed the growing population, at the same time achieve the objective by freeing manual labour for more productive and creative pursuits.

The evolution of agricultural machinery It would be interesting at this point to trace the evolution of agriculture and the gradual mechanisation from the very beginning in brief.

During the Neolithic Age (circa 10,000 BCE-4,000 BCE), the early farmers used simple hand tools made from stone, wood and bone – things that were easily available around – to make digging sticks, hoes, etc. Around the same time began the process of domestication of animals like oxen, horses, and donkeys, which enabled the early farmers to use them for ploughing, threshing, and even transportation.

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Tractor cultivating a field. Image by aleksandarlittlewolf on Freepik.

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These appear by today’s yardstick pretty small steps, but they were revolutionary for that era, and hence termed as the First Agricultural Revolution, also known alternately as Neolithic Revolution, which marked a major milestone in human evolution, the transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture.

The Neolithic era was followed by the Medieval Period (c.

4,000 BCE-1500 CE), which witnessed the gradual discovery of iron ore and the introduction of iron tools, such as ploughs, hoes and scythes, which further increased the efficiency and productivity of agricultural activities. At the same time, animals were harnessed to draw implements like ploughs and carts that enabled cultivation of larger tracts of land.

The Medieval Period gradually faded away, paving the way for the Industrial Revolution (c. 1700 CE-1900 CE).

This was preceded by the Age of Renaissance that marked the beginning of the modern age when people in Europe rediscovered the classic teachings of the ancient Greek and Roman societies. The impact of this was tremendous and reverberated across the continent, leading to the cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth of Europe.

The introduction of steam-powered machines during the Industrial Revolution and later, the invention of the internal combustion engine, enabled the development of mechanised farming equipment, such as tractors, threshers, and reapers. It was during this period that there began mass production of everything including agricultural equipment, which made it more accessible and affordable for farmers. The tremendous progress witnessed during this period resulted in it being termed as the Second Agricultural Revolution, also known as the British Agricultural Revolution, marked by major changes to farming techniques like crop rotation, livestock breeding, and mechanical farm equipment.

The brief overview presented in the preceding paragraph has highlighted the more important milestones from simple hand tools to basic mechanised equipment. At every stage, it may be noted that there was increased efficiency, productivity, and food security, which helped the world cope with the rising population. However, it is the era of Modern Mechanised Farming (c. 1900 CE-present) that has truly witnessed the automation of agricultural machinery and equipment, which will be discussed next.

Automated machinery in modern agriculture Modern agriculture relies heavily on automated machinery to increase efficiency, productivity, and accuracy. Some of the major developments include: • Widespread adoption of tractors and combines that enable farmers to cultivate, plant, and harvest large areas quickly and efficiently.

• Use of GPS, drones, and satellite imaging that help farmers to optimise crop yields, reduce waste, and improve resource allocation.

• Development of autonomous farming equipment, such as self-driving tractors and drones, which is poised to revolutionise the industry further.

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The following are some examples of automated machinery used in various stages of agricultural production: • Planting and seeding – Autonomous planters equipped with a global positioning system (GPS), sensors, and artificial intelligence (AI), are optimising seed spacing, depth, and timing. Precision seeders use advanced sensors and algorithms to ensure accurate seed placement and spacing.

• Crop management – Drones equipped with sensors and cameras are used to monitor crop health, detect pests and diseases, and analyse soil conditions. Autonomous tractors equipped with GPS, sensors, and AI help optimise crop spraying, fertilisation, and harvesting.

• Harvesting – Combine harvesters with automation use sensors, GPS, and AI to optimise grain harvesting, threshing, and separation. Autonomous fruit harvesters use computer vision and machine learning to detect and harvest grapes and other fruit.

• Livestock management – Automated feeding systems make use of sensors and algorithms to optimise feeding schedules and nutrition. Robotic milking systems use sensors, cameras, and AI to monitor cow health and optimise milking processes.

• Farm management – Farm management software uses data analytics and AI to optimise crop yields, reduce

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waste, and improve resource allocation. Autonomous farm equipment uses GPS, sensors, and AI to optimise equipment usage, reduce labour costs, and improve safety.

These automated machinery examples demonstrate the significant impact of technology on modern agriculture. By increasing efficiency, accuracy, and productivity, automated machinery helps farmers meet the world's growing food demands. In fact the Twentieth Century marked some of the biggest jumps in agricultural production. This was augmented by the Green Revolution, also termed as the Third Agricultural Revolution, which coincided with the period of breakthrough technologies and scientific techniques of farming that saw greatly increased crop yields.

One person who made a significant contribution during this period was agricultural scientist Norman Borlaug, who had studied plant biology and forestry at the University of Minnesota and earned a Ph.D in plant pathology in 1942. As a research scientist working with Rockefeller Foundation’s agricultural programme in Mexico, Borlaug experimented with novel varieties of wheat, creating disease-resistant strains that could withstand the harsh climate. Thanks to his efforts, by 1956, Mexico became self-sufficient in wheat.

Borlaug later advised other countries, and also introduced his dwarf wheat strains in India and Pakistan, which led to a dramatic increase in wheat production in the Indian sub-continent, making India self-sufficient in wheat. As a result Norman Borlaug is called the ‘Father of the Green Revolution’, and also received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.

Benefits of automated machinery Mechanisation of agricultural machinery has numerous benefits besides improved productivity and efficiency with lower use of resources. While the steps of mechanisation post the First Agricultural Revolution had begun the process of using animals to pull the implements, this reached the peak at the turn of the Twentieth century when millions of draught animals were in use globally to support farm activity. By one estimate, in the US alone, between 1910 and 1960, tractors replaced about 24 million draught animals, also freeing up much land used for supporting them.

Summarised below are some of the major benefits of automated agricultural machinery that enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability: 1. Increased productivity – Farm productivity increased dramatically thanks to faster operations facilitated by automated machinery that could perform tasks such as planting, harvesting, and spraying more quickly than manual labour. Another major factor was that, unlike human labour, machines could work continuously without fatigue, maximising productivity.

2. Improved precision – Use of automated systems like GPS and sensors brought precision to farm operations that earlier depended on approximation and trial and error, optimising planting, fertilization, and irrigation, thus reducing waste and improving crop yields. Drones and automated sprayers can apply fertilizers or pesticides with pinpoint accuracy.

3. Cost efficiency – Automation minimises the need for manual labour, particularly during peak seasons when labour shortages or higher wages may occur, thereby reducing labour costs. Precision application of resources reduces waste, saving on inputs like seeds, water, and chemicals, which are otherwise major expense heads for an average farm operation.

4. Enhanced sustainability – Automated irrigation systems conserve water by delivering it directly to where it's needed, saving both water and electricity in the process. Besides, precise application of pesticides and fertilizers reduces runoff and contamination of nearby ecosystems, further reducing cost.

5. Improved safety – Automation reduces the need for workers to perform dangerous tasks, such as operating heavy machinery or handling hazardous chemicals, contributing to the health and safety of workers. Also some automated machinery can be operated remotely, keeping workers out of harm's way.

6. Better data collection and analysis – Automated systems equipped with sensors provide real-time data on soil health, weather, and crop conditions. Data analytics from automated machinery help farmers make better decisions about planting schedules, crop rotations, and resource use.

A hand drawn Neolithic illustration. Image by Freepik

7. Adaptability to labour shortages – Automated machinery addresses challenges related to declining agricultural labour availability, ensuring uninterrupted farm operations.

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An agricultural drone in spraying operation.

Image by liu xiaozhong from Pixabay

8. Scalability – Automation allows farmers to manage larger plots of land effectively, supporting the scaling up of agricultural operations.

9. Consistent quality – Machines perform tasks with uniformity, ensuring consistent crop quality and reducing losses due to human error.

10. Integration with smart farming – Automated machinery integrates seamlessly with other smart farming technologies, such as IoT devices and AI, creating a connected and intelligent farming ecosystem.

By leveraging automated machinery, agriculture becomes more efficient, profitable, and sustainable, meeting the demands of a growing global population while minimising the environmental impact.

Challenges and limitations of mechanisation Even as mechanisation and automation of farm machinery offer numerous benefits, there are also significant challenges and limitations in implementation, especially when it comes to the developing countries. These range from the most common like small and fragmented land holdings to the poor economic conditions of the farmers to natural barriers like bad topography of land unsuited for cultivation and poor infrastructure. Besides there are also environmental issues related to excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as overdrawing of groundwater, besides the carbon footprint caused by excessive use of farm machinery powered by ICC engines.

Presented here in the following paragraphs is an overview of some of these challenges and limitations: Economic challenges High costs of advanced farm machinery and automation systems are often beyond the reach of small and marginal farmers. Besides, regular maintenance and high repair costs can increase operational expenses, especially for technologically sophisticated equipment. Another factor is depreciation. Farm machinery depreciates over time, which affects its resale value and overall economic viability.

Technological challenges Automated machinery requires technical knowledge for operation, calibration, and troubleshooting, etc., which can be a barrier for untrained farmers. Another aspect is, not all machinery is suitable for diverse farming conditions, such as small, irregular fields or uneven terrains. Moreover, automated systems may fail due to software or hardware malfunctions, leading to downtime during critical farming periods. Finally, integrating new machinery with traditional tools or older equipment can be challenging.

Infrastructure challenges Many automated systems rely on electricity or fuel, which may not be consistently available in remote areas, adding to the costs of procurement. Connectivity is another significant issue, as advanced machinery uses IoT or GPS technologies with stable internet connection, which is limited in rural areas. Moreover, expensive machinery requires proper storage facilities to protect against weather conditions and theft.

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Environmental concerns Heavy machinery can lead to soil compaction, reducing aeration and water infiltration, causing rapid degradation.

Also, increased use of fossil-fuel-based equipment contributes to air and noise pollution. Then there is that matter of ecosystem impact, where large-scale mechanisation may disrupt local conditions, affecting biodiversity.

Social challenges Another significant challenge, especially in developing countries, is job displacement. Mechanisation can reduce the need for manual labour, leading to unemployment in rural communities heavily dependent on agriculture. Also farmers may lack the necessary education or training to operate advanced machinery effectively. In some regions, farmers may resist adopting new technologies due to traditional practices or skepticism.

Regulatory and policy challenges Regulations on emissions, land use, and import/export restrictions may limit access to advanced machinery. In addition, lack of standardisation – varying standards for equipment across regions – can hinder the adoption of machinery. Above all, insufficient government support or lack of affordable financing options can discourage farmers from investing in automation.

Ethical and long-term concerns Mechanisation may widen the gap between large-scale and small-scale farmers, exacerbating inequality. Also

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farmers may become overly dependent on specific brands or vendors for maintenance and parts. More importantly, increased reliance on technology may lead to the erosion of traditional farming methods.

Addressing these challenges requires a combination of policy support, training programs, innovative financing, and context-sensitive technology development to ensure that automation and mechanisation benefit all farmers sustainably.

Future trends and innovations In many developed countries, farm mechanisation has already reached a level of up to 90%, whereas there are countries where it has still not reached 50%. In an age of rapid technological developments, 100% mechanisation is no longer a dream and is very much achievable. Given the growing population and economic disparities, it is also the need of the hour as farm productivity is an important factor in ensuring food safety. Against this backdrop, the next agricultural revolution will be based on innovative emerging technologies that are already seen making an impact in manufacturing and process industries. These technologies include autonomous machinery, agricultural drones, precision agriculture, AI/ML and data science, and telematics. The following paragraphs examine each of these briefly, and their potential to scale up.

1. Precision agriculture – Integration of global positioning systems for accurate field mapping, reducing overlap, and optimising input application. Soil and crop sensors provide

real-time data for precise irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application.

2. Autonomous machinery – Autonomous tractors and drones for tasks like plowing, planting, and harvesting, reducing labour dependency. Smaller, cooperative robots that can work collectively for seeding, weeding, and monitoring.

3. Electric and hybrid machinery – Adoption of batterypowered tractors to reduce emissions and operational costs.

Combining traditional internal combustion engines with electric power for better fuel efficiency.

4. Smart and connected machinery – Smart machinery connected through the Internet of Things (IoT) enables remote monitoring, diagnostics, and performance optimisation. Centralised management of farm operations through data integration and analytics.

5. Robotics and automation – Robots designed to pick fruits, vegetables, and delicate crops with precision and care.

Automated systems capable of identifying and removing weeds without damaging crops.

6. Sustainable mechanisation – Machines powered by solar, wind, or biofuels to align with green farming practices.

Development of equipment that minimises soil compaction and degradation.

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7. AI and ML – AI analyses machine performance to predict and prevent breakdowns based patterns analysed by machine learning. AI-driven insights for planting schedules, crop selection, and resource allocation are the other benefits.

its environmental and financial impact. The market is clearly benefiting from ongoing technological innovations aimed at improving the performance, precision, and sustainability of agricultural machinery.

8. Vertical farming mechanisation – Mechanised systems for planting, watering, and harvesting crops in vertical farms.

Robotics managing growth environments for maximum yield.

According to a recent report by Kings Research, a global market research firm, the global Agricultural Machinery Market size was valued at USD 126.60 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 208.40 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 6.52% from 2024 to 2031. The market expansion is driven by the increasing need for mechanisation in agriculture to enhance productivity and meet the growing demand for food worldwide.

9. Blockchain integration – Machines equipped with blockchain systems to trace the origin, quality, and distribution of agricultural produce. Automating financial transactions for machinery leasing and product sales.

10. Customised mechanisation for small-scale farmers – Low-cost, durable, and easily operable machinery tailored to small and marginal farmers. Platforms for machinery rental and cooperative usage.

A growing market and leading players Growing population and urbanisation are the two main factors driving the adoption of farm mechanisation on a wider scale. Rising labour costs as a result of migration to urban areas for better wages and changing dietary preferences are among the contributing factors. However, there is another significant factor, as automation in farm mechanisation holds much promise in mitigating the impact of climate change on farming by helping growers adapt to 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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The following are the 10 leading players in the farm mechanisation sector: 1. John Deere Deere & Company, doing business as John Deere, is an American corporation that manufactures agricultural machinery, heavy equipment, forestry machinery, diesel engines, drivetrains (axles, transmissions, gearboxes) used in heavy equipment and lawn care equipment. It also provides financial services and other related activities. The company was founded in 1837 by John Deere, who invented one of the first steel plows that could till American Midwest prairie soil without clogging. Today it is the largest agriculture machinery company in the world

A combine harvester.

Image by Matthias Böckel from Pixabay

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M. Shumejda, Edward R. Swingle, and James M. Seaver, who were executives at Deutz-Allis, bought out Deutz-Allis North American operations from the parent corporation KlöcknerHumboldt-Deutz AG (KHD), a German company which owned the Deutz-Fahr brand of agriculture equipment.

AGCO designs, produces and sells tractors, combines, foragers, hay tools, self-propelled sprayers, smart farming technologies, seeding equipment, and tillage equipment.

5. Mahindra & Mahindra Mahindra & Mahindra Corporation, through its Group Companies – Mahindra Farm Equipment and Mahindra Farm Machinery – is an Indian agricultural machinery manufacturer. M&M produced its first tractor in 1963, the Mahindra B-275, by forming a joint venture with International Harvester to manufacture tractors carrying the Mahindra nameplate for the Indian market. In 2010, Mahindra became the world's highest-selling tractor brand by volume. Mahindra's largest customer base is in India. It also has a growing market in North America and Australia.

6. Kubota Corporation Kubota Corporation is a Japanese multinational corporation that manufactures agricultural machinery, including tractors, combine harvesters, and rice transplanters. Kubota's agricultural solutions include agricultural materials supply, agricultural production, processing and storage, and sales and consumption. The company specialises in rice farming and dry-field farming. Kubota rice farming equipment has earned an excellent reputation in Asian countries, and its high-horsepower large tractors for dry-field farming are hard at work in France, an agricultural powerhouse. The Kubota market is spread across more than 130 countries worldwide.

2. FMWORLD Agricultural Machinery FMWorld Agricultural Machinery, established in 1996 and located in Danyang City, Jiangsu Province, China, is a largescale agricultural machinery manufacturer that produces a range of products, including: combine harvesters, wheel tractors, hay harvesting machines, farmland management machinery, and rice transplanters. The company has a global reach, exporting to more than 58 partner countries and regions. It offers custom solutions for unique farming applications, and their engineering team can work with customers to develop tailored solutions.

3. CNH International CNH Industrial is a global company – an American-Italian multinational corporation – engaged in the design, production, marketing, sale, and financing of agricultural and construction equipment. The Company operates through three segments: Agriculture, Construction and Financial Services. Under Agriculture, the Company manufactures and sells agricultural equipment, including tractors, combines, harvesters, and other machinery from its three leading brand families: Case IH, New Holland and Steyr. CNH Industrial has a network of more than 11,500 dealers and distributors spread across approximately 170 countries worldwide.

4. AGCO Corporation AGCO Corporation is an American agricultural machinery manufacturer headquartered in Duluth, Georgia, United States. It was founded in 1990, when Robert J. Ratliff, John

7. CLAAS KGaA mbH CLAAS is an agricultural machinery manufacturer based in Harsewinkel, Germany, in the federal state of North Rhine Westphalia. Founded in 1913 by August Claas, CLAAS is a family business and one of the market and technology leaders in harvesting technology. It is the European market leader in combine harvesters and considered as world market leader in self-propelled forage harvesters. The product range also includes tractors, balers, mowers, rakes, tedders, silage trailers, wheel loaders, telehandlers and other harvesting equipment as well as farming information technology.

8. KUHN Group KUHN Group is the world’s top producer of specialist farm equipment for tillage, planting and seeding, fertilizer management and crop protection with headquarters in Saverne, France. It was established in 1828. Agricultural needs are always evolving, and the need for high-quality products and services is growing. KUHN works hard to guarantee that the best machinery is available to suit evolving agricultural demands. KUHN is committed to providing excellent products, components, and support to the agricultural industry.

9. SDF Group SDF Group is an Italian agricultural machinery company established in 1927, when brothers Francesco and Eugenio Cassani created the Cassani Tractor – one of the world’s first 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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examples of a tractor with a diesel engine. The company today manufactures tractors, harvesters, diesel engines, and other agricultural machinery. SDF sells its products under the brands SAME, DEUTZ-FAHR, Lamborghini Trattori, Hürlimann, Grégoire, and Vitibot. Product development, production, sales, after-sales and the distribution of spare parts are overseen by 9 production sites and over 3,100 dealers around the world.

10. Escorts Kubota Ltd Escorts Kubota Limited (EKL), formerly Escorts Limited, is an Indian multinational conglomerate that operates in the sectors of agricultural machinery, construction machinery, material handling, and railway equipment. Escorts Agri Machinery was launched in 1960 and the first tractor manufactured in 1961 based on Ursus license. In 1969, a partnership with Ford was set up to produce licensed Ford tractors for India. In March 2020, Kubota Corporation acquired a 10% stake in Escorts Limited, which was later increased to over 50%. Today EKL is a leader in farm mechanisation and smart agriculture.

Conclusion The mechanisation of agriculture has increased food production exponentially, reduced labour requirements, and supported population growth. It has been estimated that use of proper equipment can increase farm productivity by up to 30 percent and reduce the input cost by about 20 percent. However, it also introduced challenges like environmental degradation and social inequality, which modern innovations aim to address. As farm mechanisation evolves further with a strong focus on automation, sustainability, and digital integration, it is going to make farming even more efficient, productive, and eco-friendly.

Automated machinery has the transformative potential for addressing critical challenges such as labour shortages, resource inefficiency, and environmental sustainability.

This journey from simple tools to high-tech automation highlights humanity's ingenuity in transforming agriculture to meet ever-changing needs.

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One of the new autonomous machines from John Deere.

Image source: John Deere

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ENVIRONMENT

THE IMPACT OF IEC 61850 ON THE FUTURE OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

Khalid Qarooni, Technical Sales & Business Development Engineer at COPA-DATA, explores the potential impacts of IEC61850 on the energy sector.

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s the energy sector navigates rapid changes, the IEC 61850 standard is gaining importance. This standard has evolved into a powerful enabler of smart, flexible, and future-proof energy solutions.

Developed by the International Electrochemical Commision (IEC), IEC 61850 provides a set of communication protocols for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in digital substations.

Combined with advanced automation solutions, such as COPA-DATA’s zenon software platform, this standard enables more efficient monitoring, control, and automation of energy systems. The synergy between IEC 61850 and zenon delivers interoperability, scalability, and resilience for energy infrastructure—key qualities for a sustainable and competitive future.

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Key benefits of IEC 61850 and zenon in the energy sector A major strength of IEC 61850 lies in its ability to create a communication framework that transcends proprietary systems. By establishing a universal standard, IEC 61850 allows devices from different manufacturers to work together seamlessly, removing the constraints of proprietary technologies. zenon further enhances this interoperability by providing a platform to integrate various systems and create a cohesive and flexible environment. This open, standardized approach allows energy companies to choose the best devices for their needs without vendor lock-in, facilitating an adaptable infrastructure that can evolve with industry advancements.

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Another tangible advantage of adopting IEC 61850 is the potential for significant cost savings. Traditional substation configurations rely on extensive physical cabling, which is not only expensive to install but also complex to maintain.

IEC 61850 replaces much of this physical wiring with secure digital communication, streamlining installation and lowering hardware costs. By implementing zenon with IEC 61850, companies can shift to a digital framework that is simpler to configure and modify, reducing upfront investment and ongoing maintenance expenses while optimizing the space and energy use of physical infrastructure.

The flexibility offered by IEC 61850 also simplifies testing and commissioning, making it easier to conduct in-depth evaluations of equipment and system performance without extensive downtime. zenon supports in-process testing, which allows for modular testing and simulation without disrupting overall operations. This flexibility means that replacing or updating components can be done with minimal impact on daily operations. This also reduces the amount of time and resources needed for testing, helping companies quickly adapt to changing demands.

Advanced analytics and data-driven decisions By enabling comprehensive data acquisition, IEC 61850 and zenon support the use of advanced analytics, which is essential for maintaining system resilience and anticipating potential issues. With zenon’s analytics capabilities, energy companies can use real-time and historical data to monitor equipment health and system performance, helping them

identify patterns, predict failures, and optimize maintenance schedules. This ability to leverage data is particularly valuable in today’s energy landscape, where proactive maintenance and efficient asset management are critical for maximizing operational longevity and minimizing costs.

IEC 61850 streamlines the flow of information across substation devices, allowing for faster data exchange and improving response times in critical situations. zenon enhances this by offering robust visualization and control options, enabling operators to make real-time decisions based on accurate, up-to-date information. This combination ensures that operators have the information they need at their fingertips, empowering them to respond swiftly to faults, adjust to fluctuating demand, and maintain grid stability with confidence.

A smarter energy future The adoption of IEC 61850, especially when paired with zenon’s advanced capabilities, is not just a technical upgrade — it’s a strategic investment in the future of energy. By ensuring interoperability, reducing costs, enhancing testing and commissioning, and supporting smart grid technology, IEC 61850 and zenon allow energy companies to build resilient, efficient, and future-proof infrastructures.

In a rapidly transforming energy industry, companies that embrace IEC 61850 and zenon will be well-positioned to optimize their operations, and achieve long-term sustainable growth.

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Supporting grid development As the world moves toward smart grid technology, IEC 61850 and zenon provide a strong foundation. Smart grids require highly adaptable and interconnected systems to handle volatile energy sources like wind and solar, which fluctuate based on environmental conditions and geographical location. The interoperability and digital communication protocols enabled by IEC 61850 ensure that distributed energy resources (DERs) and storage systems can be integrated smoothly. zenon’s flexible, scalable architecture supports this by enabling the seamless connection of various components within a smart grid, making it possible to create a resilient, flexible grid that can respond to both supply and demand variations.

The flexible architecture of IEC 61850, combined with zenon’s adaptable platform, enables energy companies to build systems that can grow with emerging technologies.

Rather than investing in costly retrofits every few years, companies can adapt their existing infrastructure to meet new regulatory requirements, integrate novel energy sources, or adopt the latest technological advancements.

This adaptability ensures that investments in IEC 61850 and zenon yield long-term value, equipping companies with the infrastructure needed to remain competitive and compliant with evolving industry standards.

www.copadata.com

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R O B OT I C S

MELFA ASSISTA ROBOT AUTOMATES THE APPLICATION OF DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE IN COLLABORATION WITH WORKERS

Double-sided tape is often applied manually at manufacturing sites, making it an ideal process for automation.

Working together, TOPPAN Inc.’s Chubu Business Division, and HEXA Co., Ltd. (headquartered in Asahi Ward, Osaka, Japan) developed a Mobile Robot System, that automates the task of applying double-sided tape at manufacturing facilities.

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stablished in 1900 as Toppan Printing Limited, TOPPAN Inc. is the core company of TOPPAN Holdings (renamed in 2023). The Chubu Business Division has three manufacturing sites in central Japan, providing solutions to companies in sectors ranging from information and communications to lifestyle and industry. As part of a recent project, it set out to develop an automated system to apply double-sided tape as a solution for manufacturing sites.

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“Double-sided tape is often used as an adhesive method in production facilities. At many manufacturing sites, human workers manually apply this, so we identified that there was an opportunity to benefit from automation,” explains Muga Yamaguchi, head of the SX Business Promotion Department, Business Production Section 1, TOPPAN Chubu Business Division.

The task of applying double-sided tape is made up of three steps: affixing the tape, cutting the tape, and removing the backing paper. Though it seems like a straightforward process, this combination of delicate actions makes it challenging to automate.

To support its goal of automating tape application with robots, selecting the appropriate tape was crucial. The company decided to work with HEXA Co., Ltd.’s “Mobile Tape” product. This double-sided tape, has several features that lend it towards automated application such as its stripe “wave-pattern” design of the adhesive. The companies decided to work together on the project, however, they soon realized that there was one significant challenge to overcome – there were often other people working in the area where the tape application process was situated.

A workspace shared by robots and human workers The industrial robots used at manufacturing sites are typically designed for mass production, focusing on quickly moving large workpieces. Since this involves heavy machines moving at high speeds, a collision between a robot

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Automated double-sided tape application system using MELFA ASSISTA (Above). The adhesive on the Mobile Tape has been applied in a striped wavepattern, allowing the tape to be laid down in curved shapes (Below)

and a human could result in a serious accident. Therefore, it is crucial to always maintain a safe distance between robots and people, such as by placing safety fences between them.

and then assessing the performance. The combination of the Mobile Tape’s striped wave-pattern based adhesive, allows it to be applied in curves, not just straight lines.

However, according to Toshihide Waku of the SX Business Promotion Department, Business Production Section 1, TOPPAN Chubu Business Division, “In manufacturing sites that use double-sided tape manual work is often still required before and after the automated part of the process. Therefore, robotic solutions need to be able to work closely alongside human workers.”

“By adding a suspension function to the tape head we could ensure reliable contact with the object.” explained Yoshihide Nishikawa, representative director of HEXA Co., Ltd.

Since it would be impossible to maintain a suitable distance for using conventional industrial robots, the main challenge for the automated tape application became finding a robot that could carry out the required task while also ensuring worker safety.

Applying tape in three-dimensions In December 2021, the development project began by applying HEXA’s double-sided Mobile Tape to various workpieces using the MELFA ASSISTA collaborative robot

The development team realized that the problems with the tapes adhesion were caused by fluctuations in the tape application pressure due to misaligned workpieces.

Although they managed to absorb some these fluctuations by improving the suspension system, the team realized that a complete solution would require an active control function for the tape application pressure, so they consulted with Mitsubishi Electric for help.

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To address this issue, TOPPAN turned to MELFA ASSISTA, Mitsubishi Electric’s collaborative robot. It offered compliance with international safety standards, as well as enhanced safety features such as automatically stopping operations when it detects a person nearby, enabling it to safely share a workspace with humans.

Although this allowed the double-sided tape to be applied to flat workpieces without any problems, it needed refinement for three-dimensional objects. This was to allow for individual differences between workpieces and subtle differences in the tape attachment position.

In response, Mitsubishi Electric suggested using a force sensor, which is available as a peripheral device for the robot. Once attached to the robots ‘wrist’ the force sensor could detect the tape pressure and three-dimensional movement when the robot interacted with the workpiece.

By controlling this it allowed the robot to apply a constant 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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The log from the force sensor is used for traceability and predictive maintenance.

By using a force sensor to control the pressure applied to the tape head, tape can be accurately applied to curved surfaces.

pressure to the tape head, no matter which direction the robot hand was facing.

Also effective for traceability and predictive maintenance!

The introduction of the force sensor also brought additional benefits. By continuously monitoring the applied force, this data could be used to improve traceability through the captured data. Further analysis of the data also helped with early fault detection and predictive maintenance.

The Mobile Robot System, developed as a solution to automatically apply double-sided tape, was made possible through the cooperation between the three companies – TOPPAN, HEXA and Mitsubishi Electric.

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“We believe this solution can be deployed at a wide variety of manufacturing sites, such as those producing materials for domestic appliances and vehicles, not just in packaging and wrapping processes,” says Yamaguchi. “Japan’s declining birthrate and ageing population means it is becoming harder for companies to find workers, and employment costs will continue to rise. Companies need to streamline work processes to address these issues. I am confident that our Mobile Robot System technology will be useful for achieving this.”

Find more information about the solution in our video www.mitsubishielectric.com 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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I N D U S T R I A L CO M M U N I C AT I O N S

HMS NETWORKS LAUNCHES EWON CLOUD AND EWON EDGE, TRANSFORMING INDUSTRIAL REMOTE CONNECTIVITY FOR LARGE MACHINE FLEETS

With the introduction of Ewon Cloud and Ewon Edge, HMS Networks strengthens its industrial remote connectivity solutions, delivering scalable, secure connectivity for businesses managing large fleets of machines. This new solution combines HMS Networks’ established expertise with a customer-centric approach, enabling operators to streamline machine monitoring and maximize operational efficiency.

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How it works Once an Ewon Edge device is installed, it registers seamlessly with Ewon Cloud, integrating machines into a unified “space” where an unlimited number of devices can be grouped.

With flexible access control, users can securely monitor and manage machine data anytime, from anywhere.

Building on decades of industry knowledge, Ewon Cloud and Edge are developed with a forward-looking approach, ensuring future growth and adaptation to evolving needs.

“With Ewon Cloud and Ewon Edge, we’re fulfilling our motto: ‘Hardware Meets Software,’” says Sébastien Thinnes, Vice President Marketing of HMS Networks’ IDS Division.

“Machine builders and operators managing large fleets need a solution that’s powerful, secure, flexible, and evolutive.

With over 500,000 Ewon gateways connected worldwide, we understand industrial expectations. This knowledge shaped our new solution and reinforces our commitment to advancing industrial connectivity.”

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he Ewon product line from HMS Networks is globally recognized for its reliability in industrial remote access and data monitoring. Ewon Cloud and Ewon Edge are designed to meet the demands of large-scale machine operations, providing industrial users with secure access to machines and simplified user access management.

For more information, please visit: https://www.hms-networks.com/ewon-cloud-ewon-edge

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M EA S URE M E N T

7LAYERS AND ROHDE & SCHWARZ PRESENT PIONEERING BLUETOOTH RF TEST SOLUTION This is the first test platform listed by the Bluetooth SIG to perform Channel Sounding qualification testing with Bluetooth RFPHY release 6.0.

The Interlab Test Solution Bluetooth RF for Channel Sounding Qualification running with the R&S CMW. Source: 7layers

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layers successfully validated its Interlab Test Solution Bluetooth RF for Channel Sounding qualification, running with the R&S CMW wideband radio communication tester.

Developed jointly with Rohde & Schwarz and leading chipset manufacturers, it is the first test platform listed by the Bluetooth® SIG to perform Channel Sounding qualification testing with Bluetooth® RFPHY release 6.0.

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For many years, 7layers, a Bureau Veritas Group company, and Rohde & Schwarz have collaborated in developing Bluetooth® RF test solutions for Bluetooth® Qualification Test Facilities (BQTF), Bluetooth® Recognized Test Facilities (BRTFs) as well as for chipset and module vendors. Thanks to this close partnership with Rohde & Schwarz and leading chipset vendors, 7layers has now validated the Channel Sounding feature within its Interlab Test Solution Bluetooth® RF. Bluetooth® SIG has listed it as a validated test solution for Channel Sounding qualification testing with Bluetooth® RFPHY version 6.0.

Bluetooth Low Energy devices with improved positioning accuracy The rollout of Bluetooth® Low Energy devices supporting Channel Sounding will significantly improve positioning accuracy for ‘Digital Key’ and ‘Find My’ applications. In addition, these devices will feature improved power consumption and superior security, all critical features 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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for Bluetooth® enabled products. Since September, the Bluetooth® SIG has introduced test cases to qualify these new features.

The Interlab Test Solution Bluetooth® RF fulfils all qualification requirements for Bluetooth® Classic, Low Energy (LE), including Direction Finding, as well as the latest Core feature Bluetooth® Channel Sounding. Comprehensive test automation and the highly accurate implementation of the Bluetooth® test cases are crucial to ensure compliance to the Bluetooth® specifications.

The Interlab Test Solution for Bluetooth® Channel Sounding runs with a wideband radio communication tester of the R&S CMW platform and offers an integrated RF path calibration, high measurement accuracy as well as precise analysis capabilities. The test platform from Rohde & Schwarz supports the corresponding RF physical layer measurements for the usage in development and for prequalification tests as a standalone box.

The Interlab Test Solution Bluetooth® RF for Channel Sounding is part of the Interlab portfolio. It is now available from 7layers as qualification test solution for BQTFs and BRTFs. www.rohde-schwarz.com

M OT I O N CO N T R O L

TOLOMATIC INTRODUCES DRIVE INTEGRATION TOOL TO STREAMLINE SERVO LINEAR ACTUATOR COMMISSIONING

Tolomatic Inc. introduces its online Drive Integration Tool that streamlines the selection and commissioning process to seamlessly match a drive system to a servo linear actuator.

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olomatic’s new Drive Integration Tool combines the motor, drive, feedback and connection information across a wide range of industry-leading manufacturers with Tolomatic’s own servo linear actuator specifications. By consolidating this data, Tolomatic offers a straightforward solution for engineers to ensure compatibility between servo linear actuators and automation control architecture and simplify commissioning.

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This online tool’s simple interface further increases its usability, providing engineers with three simple steps to arrive at a suggested cable connector for use with their system. The Drive Integration Tool also outputs the motor and feedback data you need to commission the system along with a pin connection readout graphic and data sheet which can be downloaded as either a PDF or Excel file. www.tolomatic.com

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E L E C T R O N I C M A N U FA C T UR I N G

AETINA ADVANCES EDGE AI WITH SUPER MODE FOR NVIDIA JETSON ORIN This enhancement delivers up to 2x boost in generative AI inference performance, reinforcing powerful applications in computer vision, robotics, and local AI deployment.

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etina announces its comprehensive support for Super Mode, a feature introduced in the latest NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX and Jetson Orin Nano modules.

Super Mode transforms the operational capabilities of the Jetson Orin platforms by enhancing their processing performance and efficiency, making them ideal for demanding AI applications at the edge. With Super Mode, Jetson Orin NX and Orin Nano modules deliver up to a 70% increase in AI TOPS, allowing a wide spectrum of AI models to run, including LLMs, VLMs, and Vision Transformers (ViTs). Aetina’s DeviceEdge series, including models AIECN/CO-1-S1, AIE-PN/PO-1-S1 and AIE-KN/KO-1-S1, are fully optimized to leverage these substantial enhancements, providing a formidable platform for enterprise and industrial AI solutions.

Key Advancements with Super Mode • Boost AI Capabilities: Super Mode enables more complex generative AI models to run faster and more efficiently, ideal for versatile applications potential, including LLM chatbot, visual AI agent, AI-based robotics and proactive edge computing applications.

• Comprehensive Ecosystem Support: The rich NVIDIA software ecosystem combines essential development tools like NVIDIA Isaac, NVIDIA Metropolis, and NVIDIA TAO Toolkit, enabling developers to rapidly build and deploy sophisticated AI solutions with confidence.

“As an Elite member of the NVIDIA Partner Network, Aetina is committed to bringing cutting-edge AI capabilities to the edge computing market,” said Troy Lin, Senior Manager of Product Development at Aetina. “The integration of Super Mode for Jetson Orin NX and Orin Nano modules into our DeviceEdge series represents a significant leap forward in edge AI computing. It is more than just a performance upgrade - it’s a strategic investment in future AI capabilities. Super Mode helps ensure our clients’ AI infrastructure stays ahead of emerging technologies and future workload demands.”

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With the NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 release, Aetina is poised to propel its clients into a new era of AI with enhanced capabilities that promise to revolutionize industrial and enterprise applications. Alongside the software updates, Aetina will launch new system models with Super Mode for Jetson Orin Nano modules in Q1 and Super Mode for Jetson Orin NX modules in Q2 2025 to accommodate the enhanced performance needs, ensuring system durability and reliability across a variety of operational conditions. www.aetina.com

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M E C H A N I C A L CO M P O N E N T S

IGUS NOW OFFERS A SAFE, PTFE-FREE VERSION OF ITS VERSATILE TELESCOPIC RAIL SYSTEM

The drylin® NT-60-4 telescopic rail system is PTFE-free and doesn’t require lubrication. It can be extended continuously to a length of 2 m for use in vehicles, medical technology or furniture. (Source: igus)

igus has introduced an aluminum version of its drylin NT-60 telescopic rail, eliminating the use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and over 100 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

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safer choice for customers, this rail system extends up to 2 meters (ms) and is suitable for many applications, including vehicles, furniture and medical technology.

reliably, with less maintenance, and more hygienically than classic telescopic extensions with ball bearings. They are now also available without PTFE,” says Hornung.

PTFE is part of a group of chemicals known as PFAS, which could be facing stricter regulations or bans in the future.

Despite incorporating a new, PTFE-free plain bearing, the drylin® NT-60-4 telescopic rail does not compromise performance. igus® experts have tested the robustness of the material at its in-house test laboratory. Rails carried a centric load of 200 Newtons (N) in a vertical installation, and the system remained functional after 25,000 opening/ closing cycles.

Consisting of three interlocking aluminum profiles, the drylin® NT-60 rail system has a width of 60 millimeters (mm) and height of 24 mm. Full-extension and partial-extension versions are available. Rail profiles are available in silver or black anodized, and igus® offers flat variants (NTKA-60), as well as versions with high-end caps (NTKB-60) for edge protection. Installation sizes NT-35 and NT-27 are also available in a PTFE-free version.

“The sliding elements made of iglide JGPF impress the NT60-4 with a smooth and dry operation without additional lubricants. The telescopic rails can be pulled out much more

“We attach great importance to successively expanding the drylin linear technology portfolio to include these robust, PTFEfree variants,” says Hornung. “In addition to the telescopic rail series, the PTFE-free product range also includes drylin W solid plastic carriages, flat and pre-loaded prism carriages from the drylin N family, and carriages from the drylin T series, which can also be retrofitted with PTFE-free sliding elements in existing systems.”

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“Our material experts have succeeded in manufacturing the sliding elements from a new type of high-performance plastic called iglide JGPF, which does not use polytetrafluoroethylene,” says Michael Hornung, Product Manager, drylin® Linear and Drive Technology at igus®.

www.igus.com 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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E N ER G Y

HOW COMPACT ENERGY SOLUTIONS WILL POWER THE WORLD Neutrino Energy Group presents the Neutrino Power Cube, a marvel of compact energy innovation that promises to power the world with minimal space and maximum efficiency.

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magine a world where energy no longer binds humanity to the constraints of massive infrastructure, sprawling power plants, and vulnerable grids. In an age marked by escalating climate crises, natural disasters, and geopolitical instability, the demand for resilient, efficient, and compact energy solutions has never been more urgent. Societies across the globe are not only seeking cleaner energy alternatives but also systems that can adapt to increasingly unpredictable conditions.

These aspirations are driving a tectonic shift in how power is generated and distributed—a shift that champions innovation, miniaturization, and decentralization. Among the pioneers of this movement is the Neutrino Energy Group, whose groundbreaking neutrinovoltaic technology is redefining the limits of what’s possible in energy systems.

At the heart of this revolution lies the Neutrino Power Cube, a marvel of compact energy innovation that promises to power the world with minimal space and maximum efficiency.

The Growing Demand for Resilient and Compact Energy Systems Global energy systems face an unprecedented convergence of challenges. From the destruction wrought by hurricanes and floods to the resource instability caused by geopolitical conflicts, the vulnerabilities of traditional energy models are increasingly laid bare. Large, centralized power grids—while historically effective—are proving inadequate in the face of modern complexities. A single event, whether a cyberattack or a natural disaster, can bring entire regions to a standstill.

Simultaneously, the urgency of climate change has catalyzed a global push toward sustainable energy solutions. Renewable sources like solar and wind power are transforming the energy landscape, but their reliance on vast physical infrastructure and favorable weather conditions introduces new constraints. For instance, while solar farms require extensive land and clear skies, wind turbines depend on steady breezes and often operate far from population centers, necessitating costly transmission lines.

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This backdrop underscores the critical need for energy systems that are not only clean but also resilient, compact, and adaptable. Compact energy solutions—systems that deliver high energy output in small, portable packages— hold the key to addressing these challenges. They align perfectly with trends toward decentralization, enabling energy generation and consumption to occur closer to the end user. Such systems also lend themselves to applications in remote areas, emergency scenarios, and urban environments where space is at a premium.

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Neutrinovoltaic Technology: A Compact Energy Revolution Neutrinovoltaic technology, a revolutionary energy solution developed by the Neutrino Energy Group, now shines brighter than anything else. Unlike traditional renewable systems, neutrinovoltaic technology harnesses the kinetic energy of neutrinos—subatomic particles that constantly pass through matter—and other non-visible radiation. These omnipresent energy sources provide a reliable, continuous power supply, independent of weather conditions or geographic constraints. At the core of this technology is a patented multilayer nanomaterial composed of graphene and doped silicon. When exposed to neutrinos and radiation, these materials vibrate at the atomic level, generating an electromotive force that can be converted into electricity.

This innovation stands out not only for its sustainability but also for its unprecedented compactness. By eliminating the need for expansive infrastructure, neutrino energy represent a paradigm shift in energy generation. The Neutrino Power Cube exemplifies this principle, offering a high-output, space-efficient solution that redefines what’s possible in energy technology.

The Neutrino Power Cube: Small Size, Mighty Impact The Neutrino Power Cube is a technological masterpiece that epitomizes the potential of compact energy systems.

Designed to deliver 5-6 kW of net power—sufficient to meet the needs of most households or small businesses—it achieves this remarkable output while occupying a fraction of the space required by traditional energy systems.

Measuring approximately 800 x 400 x 600 mm and weighing only 50 kg, the Power Cube is as compact as it is powerful.

One of its most striking features is its modular design, which separates the power generation unit from the control unit. This flexibility allows for easy integration into a wide range of applications, from residential settings to industrial operations. Unlike conventional generators or renewable setups that often require substantial installation areas, the Power Cube’s small footprint makes it ideal for urban environments where space is a premium commodity.

Portability is another defining advantage. The Power Cube’s lightweight design and minimal installation requirements enable it to be deployed in diverse scenarios. For instance, it can serve as a primary energy source in remote locations lacking grid access, a backup system during natural disasters, or a sustainable power solution for mobile operations like research stations or disaster relief units. By offering reliable energy in a compact form, the Power Cube empowers users to adapt to evolving needs without compromising efficiency or sustainability.

Miniaturization and the Future of Energy The Neutrino Power Cube exemplifies broader trends in technology, particularly the drive toward miniaturization.

Across industries, smaller, more efficient systems are becoming the norm, from microchips in electronics to lightweight materials in aerospace. Energy systems are no exception. As devices become more compact and portable, the need for equally adaptable power sources grows. Miniaturized energy systems not only align with the increasing mobility of modern technology but also enable entirely new use cases.

Decentralization further amplifies the importance of compact energy solutions. Traditional energy models rely on centralized generation and long-distance transmission, which are vulnerable to inefficiencies and disruptions.

Compact systems like the Power Cube decentralize energy production, bringing power generation closer to the end user. This shift reduces transmission losses, enhances system resilience, and democratizes access to energy, particularly in underserved regions.

Moreover, the compactness of neutrinovoltaic systems aligns with the global push for sustainable urbanization. As cities grow denser, integrating clean energy solutions into existing infrastructure becomes increasingly challenging. The Power Cube’s unobtrusive design allows it to seamlessly integrate into urban landscapes, powering homes, businesses, and even electric vehicle charging stations without requiring significant alterations to the built environment.

Unlocking New Economic and Environmental Potential The practical benefits of compact energy systems extend far beyond convenience. By enabling decentralized, resilient power generation, technologies like the Neutrino Power Cube can unlock significant economic and environmental potential.

A New Paradigm in Energy The Neutrino Power Cube is more than just a technological innovation; it is a harbinger of a new energy paradigm. In a world increasingly defined by unpredictability, compact energy solutions provide the resilience and adaptability needed to navigate an uncertain future. By harnessing the limitless potential of neutrinovoltaic technology, the Power Cube represents a decisive step toward a sustainable, decentralized energy landscape.

This paradigm shift is not limited to specific sectors or regions. From powering individual households to supporting critical infrastructure, compact energy solutions offer universal applications. Their small size and high efficiency make them uniquely suited to the challenges of modern energy demands, enabling societies to achieve sustainability without compromise.

Small Systems, Big Possibilities The evolution of energy systems has always been defined by the balance between scale and efficiency. Today, as the world faces unprecedented challenges, compact energy solutions like the Neutrino Power Cube are proving that bigger is not always better. By delivering high-output power in a small, portable form, these systems embody the future of energy: resilient, sustainable, and adaptable.

As the Neutrino Energy Group continues to push the boundaries of what’s possible, the implications for global energy systems are profound. Compact energy solutions are not just an alternative; they are the answer to the complexities of modern life. And in this new era of energy innovation, the smallest systems may very well have the biggest impact.

The Powercube - Revolutionizing Green Energy with Neutrinovoltaic: https://youtu.be/6YEO8Qit1Bw

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Economically, compact energy solutions reduce dependence on large-scale infrastructure investments, making sustainable power more accessible and affordable.

They also create opportunities for local manufacturing, installation, and maintenance, fostering job creation and regional development. In remote or disaster-prone areas, the ability to deploy portable energy systems quickly can accelerate recovery efforts and reduce long-term costs.

Neutrinovoltaic technology’s reliance on ambient radiation rather than finite resources further enhances its sustainability. By integrating such systems into urban and rural settings alike, societies can transition away from fossil fuels without sacrificing convenience or reliability.

www.neutrino-energy.com

Environmentally, the reduced footprint of compact systems minimizes land use and associated ecological disruption.

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ELECTRONICS

REVOLUTIONISE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES WITH AI-POWERED VISUAL INSPECTION

Daniel Sperlich, Strategic Product Manager Controllers at Mitsubishi Electric, Factory Automation EMEA

AI-powered visual inspection software revolutionising quality assurance across industries and configurable without programming knowledge. Yes, it exists. It's called MELSOFT VIXIO.

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magine a bustling factory floor where every product that rolls off the line is a testament to meticulous craftsmanship. Yet, no matter how skilled, the human eye can tire, and defects can slip through unnoticed in those moments of fatigue. Enter MELSOFT VIXIO — tirelessly vigilant, ensuring that every product can meet the highest quality standards.

3. Decision making: Based on its analysis, the software gives products a “thumbs up” if they meet standards or a “thumbs down” if not, ensuring only quality products are sent out.

“Our visual inspection software transforms the inspection process, making it more accurate and efficient. It performs the heavy lifting of primary screenings, identifying potential defects with unmatched precision. Doing so liberates human inspectors to focus on what truly matters—ensuring that only the finest products reach the hands of consumers” emphasises Daniel Sperlich, Strategic Product Manager Controllers at Mitsubishi Electric, Factory Automation EMEA.

But the innovations don’t end there. MELSOFT VIXIO is designed for ease of use and requires no specialised programming knowledge. Its intuitive interface allows users to set up three simple processes: making the picture dataset, creating the AI model by configuration, and generating the task via low-code. It demands only building with the help of low code instead of programming, making it accessible to everyone—from seasoned engineers to newcomers in the field.

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How does it specifically work?

1. Learning phase: The software learns what a “good” product looks like by reviewing many examples of good and bad items, similar to studying for a test.

2. Image processing: After learning, it analyses product images in real-time using algorithms to compare them against its training data.

4. Feedback loop: The software improves over time; if it makes mistakes, engineers can update its learning data to enhance its accuracy in recognising products.

As our tool debuts across the EMEA region, it targets industries ranging from automotive to food & beverage to life sciences. It promises to enhance productivity and reduce waste and energy consumption. For those interested in advancing inspection processes, MELSOFT VIXIO is equipped to facilitate this transition. www.mitsubishielectric.com

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I N D U S T R I A L CO M M U N I C AT I O N S

KOLLMORGEN ENHANCES SAFEMOTION MONITOR WITH EXPANDED FUNCTIONAL SAFETY FEATURES

Kollmorgen’s SMM2.0 firmware upgrade expands compatibility to more encoder and motor types, simplifying compliance with EU functional safety standards and supporting applications in food processing and material forming.

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riginally standard for the 2G Motion System, SMM2.0 will now be compatible with all motors that feature any HIPERFACE-DSL rotary-safe feedback system. This includes the AKM2G and AKMA motor lines, which now feature a wider range of feedback system options. SMM2.0 also enables a second instance of Safe Operating Stop (SOS) for greater design flexibility.

As a result of updated regulations related to functional safety enacted by the EU, customers across the globe, in a wide range of industries, are seeking upgrades to meet these new standards. SMM2.0 makes compliance easier, with a comprehensive set of 16 safety features, including SafePosition, SafeStop and SafeSpeed.

“As the demand for functional safety increases, we want to make it easier for our customers to build this capability into their machine designs,” said Christopher Cooper, Product Management Senior Director. “We’re excited to announce that SMM2.0 provides easy, drive-resident functional safety for a wider range of motors, for even more demanding applications.”

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To learn more about SMM2.0 www.kollmorgen.com

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P L A N T S E C UR I T Y

WIELAND ELECTRIC AND ROSS CONTROLS OFFER TÜV-CERTIFIED TRAINING PROGRAM FOR FUNCTIONAL SAFETY EXPERTS

Overview of the modular training structure (Image: Wieland Electric)

This intensive five-day course is designed for designers, developers, maintenance engineers, and safety officers seeking to enhance their expertise in functional safety.

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ieland Electric, in collaboration with Ross Controls, a global leader in safety solutions for fluid power and poppet valve technology, announced newly added TÜV-certified training courses, “CFSE - Certified Functional Safety Expert for Electrical and Fluid Power Systems.”

This intensive five-day course is designed for designers, developers, maintenance engineers, and safety officers seeking to enhance their expertise in functional safety.

Participants will gain in-depth knowledge and practical skills to implement functional safety measures throughout the entire CE process in compliance with international standards.

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The curriculum of this internationally accredited course is built around the CE process and encompasses the full scope of machine safety. It covers foundational standards, risk assessment in compliance with EN ISO 12100, and performance level calculations.

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Furthermore, the course includes the proper application of safety-critical sensor technology in line with standards, as well as validation and verification processes based on EN ISO 13849-2. Through its partnership with Ross Controls, Wieland Electric ensures the course addresses not only electrical safety but also pneumatic and hydraulic safety technologies. The modular structure allows for flexible adaptation of the training content and duration to suit the participants’ prior experience and specific needs.

The benefits of this certification include cross-industry recognition as a qualified functional safety expert and the ability to demonstrate a high level of expertise with minimal time investment. Additionally, participants gain practiceoriented recommendations from industry experts, enabling a seamless transfer of knowledge for effectively executing the CE process in accordance with the latest standards.

Designed as an international course, it provides consistent training across multiple locations. Certificates are valid for four years and can be renewed for an additional four years through a one-day refresher seminar.

Upcoming course dates (duration: 5 days | 9:00am - 5:00 pm): February 24 - 28, 2025 in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada April 28 - May 2, 2025 in Ferndale, Michigan, USA A detailed description of the new training program and current training dates can be found here:

Upcoming courses presented in Spanish: February 10 - 14, 2025 in Cartagena, Colombia June 16 - 20, 2025 in Monterrey, Mexico July 7 - 11, 2025 in Lema, Peru A detailed description of the new training program and current training dates can be found here:

www.wieland-electric.com

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S M AR T C I T Y

STREAMLINING TRAFFIC OPERATIONS WITH ANYBUS WIRELESS BRIDGE: A CASE STUDY OF ITS TEKNIK

Anybus Wireless Bridge II Serial

ITS Teknik, a specialist in traffic solutions, has adopted the Anybus Wireless Bridge to improve traffic flow management.

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he technology enables efficient wireless communication between traffic systems, minimizing disruptions and ensuring smoother operations.

This integration supports ITS Teknik in maintaining traffic efficiency and reliability.

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ITS Teknik ITS Teknik is a market-leading Danish company specializing in traffic safety, planning, and registration solutions that enhance road safety and efficiency. By collaborating with top global traffic equipment suppliers, ITS Teknik offers a comprehensive product portfolio that includes traffic signals, advanced intelligent transportation systems (ITS), signal systems, bicycle barometers, green wave technology for cyclists, weigh-in-motion sensors, parking guidance systems, speed indicators, automated traffic controls, number plate scanners, lane signals, and dynamic message signs.

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Traffic signaling systems A key area for ITS Teknik is traffic signaling systems, where their most advanced range uses radar from the German manufacturer smartmicro. These 24 GHz radars detect the position and speed of every road user within their coverage area. They can track up to 256 objects across multiple lanes.

This data supports real-time traffic management, helping optimize signal control and improve safety.

The Challenge: Connecting radars While smartmicro provides the radar, it does not include a built-in communication solution, so ITS Teknik needed a way to transmit data from the radar to the control cabinet. Lars Jakobsen, ITS Teknik Vice Director, explains: “The standard method is to send communication over a cable, but for existing intersections, installing new cables isn’t easy. In some places, we’re not allowed to dig, and even when it’s permitted, we have to close the road or at least one lane, which obviously disrupts traffic. Plus, digging is costly—it requires hiring subcontractors, and you’re never sure what you’ll find underground, so it’s hard to provide accurate estimates to our customers.”

Each Anybus Wireless Bridge II is connected to the control cabinet via a serial cable.

The Solution: Anybus Wireless Bridge II Serial Wireless technology provides an effective solution to these challenges. “Wireless is a very attractive option because we can use the existing poles to install the radar and then connect it wirelessly to the control cabinet. It’s quicker, cheaper, and far less disruptive,” explains Lars.

To find a wireless solution, ITS Teknik partnered with HMS Networks, who recommended the Anybus Wireless Bridge II, designed for establishing reliable point-to-point wireless connections. Industrial sensors often rely on serial communication due to its simplicity and reliability. In this case, the radar sensor uses RS-422, a serial interface fully supported by the Anybus Wireless Bridge II. How it works The Anybus Wireless Bridge II is connected to the radar via a single serial cable, supplying both power and transmitting data. A second bridge is installed within the control cabinet and connected to ITS’s interface card. The two bridges are paired over Bluetooth, enabling wireless communication between the radar and the control cabinet.

Reliable connections are critical for accurate traffic actuation.

Lars explains, “You need to predict a vehicle’s position, speed, proximity to the stop line, and the exact moment to change the signal from green to yellow to red. It’s about timing the signal change to the split second.”

The project has proven successful, with Anybus Wireless Bridges installed in 300 intersections, totaling 1,600 units supporting 800 radars.

The Anybus Wireless Bridge II (1.) is connected to the radar (2.) via a single serial cable and paired with another Anybus Wireless Bridge II in the control cabinet.

closely with HMS engineers, and together we’ve reduced these disruptions to an acceptable level.”

Future plans ITS Teknik first started working with Anybus Wireless products in 2015, beginning with the Anybus Wireless Bridge I before moving on to the Anybus Wireless Bridge II. The partnership is working well, and together they’re tackling the next challenge.

“A lot of the control cabinets still use dial-up internet—a technology that’s being phased out. But this technology is being phased out faster than the upgrade of the controllers, leading to communication issues with these older control cabinets.”

To address this, ITS Teknik and HMS Networks are looking into using an HMS Netbiter to remotely access the traffic system. “The Netbiter could allow us to program the traffic system remotely over 4G. Without this capability, when dial-up internet fails, we won’t have a way to monitor the traffic system, forcing us to travel to the site for any issues. This is both timeconsuming and expensive”.

The next generation of radar sensors will support Ethernet communication instead of serial, so ITS Teknik plans to start testing the Anybus II Bridge Ethernet. The Ethernet Bridges can handle more data and can be combined with Anybus Access Points, opening up possibilities for more comprehensive monitoring. www.hms-networks.com MORE INFORMATION

Solving problems together Using wireless technology to keep traffic flowing safely and efficiently is a new application, and like many new applications, it has had some initial challenges. “When a large vehicle, like a truck, passes, it can disrupt the wireless connection. For the communication to work properly, we can’t have too many gaps in the data flow. But we’ve worked

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ENVIRONMENT

ALLEIMA SUPPLIES PREEM IN THE GREEN TRANSITION OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY

Alleima will supply heat exchanger tubes to Preem for converting Sweden’s Lysekil refinery to renewable fuels, making Preem northern Europe’s largest renewable jet fuel producer.

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lleima will supply Preem with heat exchanger tubes to be used in the conversion of the Lysekil refinery from fossil to renewable fuels. The investment is an important part of Sweden’s green energy transition and will make Preem the largest producer of renewable jet fuel in northern Europe.

The redevelopment of Preem’s IsoCracker plant (ICR) in Lysekil started late 2024. Once completed, it will produce 1.2 million cubic meters of renewable fuels annually and reduce fossil carbon dioxide emissions at user level by 2-3 million tons annually. At the same time, Preem will reduce fossil fuel production by a corresponding amount.

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“Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the great challenges of our time. I am therefore proud that Preem is now making the biggest change in the company’s history.

We are doing this by converting the diesel plant at the refinery in Lysekil. When the conversion is complete, we will be Scandinavia’s largest producer of renewable jet fuel,” says Tommy Johansson, project manager for the ICR project at Preem.

The changeover means that Preem will no longer use fossil raw materials such as crude oil, but renewable raw materials instead. To make this possible, advanced technology is required, not least in the pre-treatment unit (PTU) that is to be built. The raw materials will be pre-treated and purified at high temperatures before being used in the production of renewable fuels such as Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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the diesel made from vegetable oils or plant products and Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).

The processes in refineries often place high demands on the materials used and renewable fuels are particularly challenging. The raw materials used usually contain chlorides, which can cause corrosion. Therefore, special materials are required that can withstand high temperatures and aggressive chemical environments without corroding.

Group Coek, a heat exchanger manufacturer and one of Alleima’s long-standing customers, booked the order with Preem.

withstand the extreme conditions and process environments of the pretreatment plant. This resulted in a strong alternative to the more expensive nickel-based alloys that are otherwise used,” says Barinder Ghai, Director Technical Marketing, New Business Development for the Tube division at Alleima. www.alleima.com

“Sanicro® 35 is used for the heat exchanger tubes, channels, and baffles of the heat exchangers. The material was chosen primarily because of its good corrosion resistance. We at Group Coek are very pleased with this collaboration with Alleima, a company with which we have a long and constructive working relationship,” says Patrick van Roy, CSO of Group Coek.

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“We are very happy that Alleima has been trusted to supply heat exchanger tubes and pipes to Preem. Alleima has a long history as a supplier of special steel to Preem’s refineries. The special alloy Sanicro® 35, is an austenitic stainless-steel alloy intended for extremely corrosive environments and an alternative to the use of nickel bases in the heat exchangers for preheating and cooling the renewable raw materials in the PTU. Before a decision could be made, we conducted extensive lab tests together with Preem, which showed that Sanicro® 35 can 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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AU TO M AT I O N

NVIDIA LAUNCHES COSMOS WORLD FOUNDATION MODEL PLATFORM TO ACCELERATE PHYSICAL AI DEVELOPMENT

New State-of-the-Art Models, Video Tokenizers and an Accelerated Data Processing Pipeline, Optimized for NVIDIA Data Center GPUs, Are Purpose-Built for Developing Robots and Autonomous Vehicles.

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VIDIA announced NVIDIA Cosmos™, a platform comprising state-of-the-art generative world foundation models, advanced tokenizers, guardrails and an accelerated video processing pipeline built to advance the development of physical AI systems such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) and robots.

Physical AI models are costly to develop, and require vast amounts of real-world data and testing. Cosmos world foundation models, or WFMs, offer developers an easy way to generate massive amounts of photoreal, physics-based synthetic data to train and evaluate their existing models.

Developers can also build custom models by fine-tuning Cosmos WFMs.

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Cosmos models will be available under an open model license to accelerate the work of the robotics and AV community. Developers can preview the first models on the NVIDIA API catalog, or download the family of models and fine-tuning framework from the NVIDIA NGC™ catalog or Hugging Face.

Leading robotics and automotive companies, including 1X, Agile Robots, Agility, Figure AI, Foretellix, Fourier, Galbot, Hillbot, IntBot, Neura Robotics, Skild AI, Virtual Incision, Waabi and XPENG, along with ridesharing giant Uber, are among the first to adopt Cosmos.

Open World Foundation Models to Accelerate the Next Wave of AI NVIDIA Cosmos’ suite of open models means developers can customize the WFMs with datasets, such as video recordings of AV trips or robots navigating a warehouse, according to the needs of their target application.

Cosmos WFMs are purpose-built for physical AI research and development, and can generate physics-based videos from a combination of inputs, like text, image and video, as well as robot sensor or motion data. The models are built for physically based interactions, object permanence, and highquality generation of simulated industrial environments — like warehouses or factories — and of driving environments, including various road conditions.

In his opening keynote at CES, NVIDIA founder and CEO Jensen Huang showcased ways physical AI developers can use Cosmos models, including for:

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• NVIDIA Cosmos Tokenizer, a state-of-the-art visual tokenizer for converting images and videos into tokens. It delivers 8x more total compression and 12x faster processing than today’s leading tokenizers.

• The NVIDIA NeMo framework for highly efficient model training, customization and optimization.

World’s Largest Physical AI Industries Adopt Cosmos Pioneers across the physical AI industry are already adopting Cosmos technologies.

1X, an AI and humanoid robot company, launched the 1X World Model Challenge dataset using Cosmos Tokenizer.

XPENG will use Cosmos to accelerate the development of its humanoid robot. And Hillbot and Skild AI are using Cosmos to fast-track the development of their general-purpose robots.

Transportation leaders are also using Cosmos to build physical AI for AVs: • Waabi, a company pioneering generative AI for the physical world starting with autonomous vehicles, is evaluating Cosmos in the context of data curation for AV software development and simulation.

• Wayve, which is developing AI foundation models for autonomous driving, is evaluating Cosmos as a tool to search for edge and corner case driving scenarios used for safety and validation.

• Video search and understanding, enabling developers to easily find specific training scenarios, like snowy road conditions or warehouse congestion, from video data.

• Physics-based photoreal synthetic data generation, using Cosmos models to generate photoreal videos from controlled 3D scenarios developed in the NVIDIA Omniverse™ platform.

• Physical AI model development and evaluation, whether building a custom model on the foundation models, improving the models using Cosmos for reinforcement learning or testing how they perform given a specific simulated scenario.

• Foresight and “multiverse” simulation, using Cosmos and Omniverse to generate every possible future outcome an AI model could take to help it select the best and most accurate path.

• An NVIDIA AI and CUDA®-accelerated data processing pipeline, powered by NVIDIA NeMo™ Curator, that enables developers to process, curate and label 20 million hours of videos in 14 days using the NVIDIA Blackwell platform, instead of over three years using a CPU-only pipeline.

• Global ridesharing giant Uber is partnering with NVIDIA to accelerate autonomous mobility. Rich driving datasets from Uber, combined with the features of the Cosmos platform and NVIDIA DGX Cloud™, can help AV partners build stronger AI models even more efficiently.

Developing Open, Safe and Responsible AI NVIDIA Cosmos was developed in line with NVIDIA’s trustworthy AI principles, which prioritize privacy, safety, security, transparency and reducing unwanted bias.

Trustworthy AI is essential for fostering innovation within the developer community and maintaining user trust.

NVIDIA is committed to safe and trustworthy AI, in line with the White House’s voluntary AI commitments and other global AI safety initiatives.

The open Cosmos platform includes guardrails designed to mitigate harmful text and images, and features a tool to enhance text prompts for accuracy. Videos generated with Cosmos autoregressive and diffusion models on the NVIDIA API catalog include invisible watermarks to identify AI-generated content, helping reduce the chances of misinformation and misattribution.

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Advanced World Model Development Tools Building physical AI models requires petabytes of video data and tens of thousands of compute hours to process, curate and label that data. To help save enormous costs in data curation, training and model customization, Cosmos features:

• AV toolchain provider Foretellix will use Cosmos, alongside NVIDIA Omniverse Sensor RTX APIs, to evaluate and generate high-fidelity testing scenarios and training data at scale.

NVIDIA encourages developers to adopt trustworthy AI practices and further enhance guardrail and watermarking solutions for their applications. www.nvidia.com

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AU TO M OT I V E

HEXAGON RAMPS UP ADAS SOFTWARE INNOVATION WITH CLOUD-NATIVE QUALITY TEST AUTOMATION SOLUTION New cloud solution simplifies ADAS software testing by integrating comprehensive “real world” vehicle environment and safety scenarios into automated continuous software integration and testing workflows.

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exagon’s Manufacturing Intelligence division introduces a new cloud-native solution to test, train, and validate Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle systems. Utilising hyperscale computing and automation, Virtual Test Drive X (VTDx) enables the automotive industry to validate the quality and function of software against thousands of realworld scenarios automatically, accelerating the time to market for safe mobility innovations.

Software plays an increasing role in vehicle design, enabling innovations that deliver convenience and safety for customers, but today’s software-defined vehicles (SDVs) are putting more pressure on the automotive teams delivering ADAS features. As vehicles integrate more sensors, adopt advanced chips and operating systems and apply increasingly complex AI and software algorithms, software development and testing create bottlenecks that delay vehicle launches and feature deployment. Safety and compliance is paramount, but the business impact is also tangible – underperforming ADAS features frustrate customers and vehicle recalls significantly impact brand loyalty and profits.

Ensuring the quality and safety of ADAS software developments is very cost and time intensive, but critical because the cost of fixing defects when a vehicle is ready for production is fifteen times greater*. VTDx addresses these challenges with a comprehensive consumption-based service that makes it easier to scale up virtual prototyping and mitigate the delays, high-cost, and safety risks associated with physical testing. The Software as a Service (SaaS) is built from the bottom up to utilise the cloud computing power and automation of Hexagon’s Nexus digital reality platform, enabling software teams can build rigorous testing into their continuous test and integration workflows for ADAS and autonomous vehicle systems.

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From an intuitive web interface, ADAS engineers can easily create and configure their system under test (SUT) such as ADAS algorithms. They can validate their SUT with highly accurate physics-based simulations from Hexagon’s environment simulation engine that leverages its 15 years of domain expertise. When developers run a test, VTDx executes the OpenDRIVE and OpenSCENARIO standard compliant software-in-the-loop (SIL) test programmes. By orchestrating tens or thousands of simulations of – as many scenarios as needed – automatically and simultaneously, companies can significantly reduce delays in configuration and computing time for their standardised SIL test programmes.

VTDx addresses the dramatic change in ADAS as electrical/ electronic (E/E) architectures are centralised and regulations become more stringent. It enables new SDV testing strategies that align with modern software development practices and embeds vital physical safety testing practices that are unique to the ADAS component of the vehicle codebase. Its high-productivity, highly scalable code test and integration approach provides: • Continuous integration and continuous testing (CI/CT): Enables continuous development, integration, and testing, allowing for faster software iterations and releases.

• Seamless workflow integration: Easily integrates with existing ADAS development toolchains, embedding into existing customer workflows with modern, well-defined APIs and open environment simulation standards.

• Ease of use: Intuitive configurations of sensors and test scenarios with user-friendly operation.

• Scalability: Supports parallel scenario execution and realtime collaboration among global teams, making it scalable for various ADAS development needs.

• Cloud availability: Available as a public or private SaaS, VTDx can be easily deployed by small and large organizations with consumption-based pricing and 24-7 availability.

• Accessibility: Users can share a project with globallyspread team members, making scenario setups and results available in real-time through an intuitive web-based user experience.

Available publicly for the first time now, VTDx has been well received throughout Hexagon’s automotive OEM and Tier one customer base for its intuitive high-productivity user experience, hands-off automation of thousands of codetest simulations and the provision of consumption-based pricing. It was developed in close collaboration with the Microsoft Azure team, realizes photorealistic visualization via the Unreal Engine, and provides full support for the ASAMmaintained OpenSCENARIO and OpenDRIVE standards.

VTDx enables automakers to rigorously test and validate their ADAS and autonomous vehicle systems in a SIL environment, ensuring safety and performance. It is available as a public SaaS with consumption-based pricing on Nexus, with private cloud deployments available on request.

Virtual Test Drive X www.hexagon.com

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M EA S URE M E N T

NEW EMERSON DEWPOINT SENSOR MONITORS HUMIDITY AND AIR QUALITY IN REAL TIME FOR ENHANCED RELIABILITY OF GAS PROCESSES

The only industrial sensor that monitors dew point, temperature, humidity and air quality values, the AVENTICS DS1 helps prevent condensate-related equipment issues.

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merson launched its new AVENTICSTM DS1 dew point sensor, the only industrial sensor to monitor dew point, temperature, humidity levels and quality of compressed air and other non-corrosive gases in real time from one device. The DS1 can help operators detect and mitigate excess moisture in its early stages and prevent moisture-related equipment damage. By optimizing air quality in this way, operators can better control processes, extend pneumatic component life, ensure regulatory compliance, and reduce maintenance and unplanned downtime.

Pneumatic systems power manufacturing processes across the plant floor in most industries, from pharmaceuticals and food and beverage to semiconductor and automotive.

Excess moisture in pneumatic systems can cause multiple issues, including corroded components, product inconsistency and erratic processes.

While most industrial sensors only monitor humidity, the DS1 provides precise dew point monitoring that makes it possible for manufacturers to continuously track critical values, address excess moisture and prevent its negative effects. For instance, moisture can affect process reliability by corroding components, washing the lubrication out of moving parts, and extending switching and reaction times.

Ideal air quality is also critical in instances where compressed air may come in contact with consumer products such as pharmaceuticals or food. Condensate in compressed air can cause discoloration, texture inconsistency and bacterial growth. The DS1 provides essential data that facilities need to maintain a stable dew point and protect product quality. And if there are regulations around air quality, the DS1 can help companies meet requirements and maintain compliance.

“By having greater certainty about compressed air quality and control over moisture levels in compressed air lines, manufacturers of all kinds can prevent a number of common condensate-related issues and their associated costs,” said Manuel Goerbert, product marketing manager of discrete sensors at Emerson. “The new AVENTICS DS1 dew point sensor allows operators to detect changes in air quality in real time with a single device, so they can quickly make necessary adjustments to optimize production and increase overall process reliability.”

To support industrial digital transformation strategies, the DS1 dew point sensor easily integrates into existing systems, including the AVENTICS Series AS3 and AVENTICS Series 652 air preparation units, and connects to networks via Modbus TCP (PoE). One of the key advantages of an integrated dew point sensor is the ability to place the sensor – and track conditions – close to the process rather than where the compressed air is generated, which can be far from the process itself and have much different conditions.

The sensor element is condensation-resistant and provides long-term, drift-proof performance. With fast response time, DS1 measurement values include pressure dewpoint, temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, moisture content, moisture content V/V, water vapor partial pressure and atmospheric dew point. The DS1 is also suitable for other non-corrosive gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium and sulfur hexafluoride.

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www.emerson.com

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AU TO M AT I O N

SIEMENS UNVEILS BREAKTHROUGH INNOVATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL AI AND DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGY

Siemens is bringing Industrial AI directly to the shop floor with the new Siemens Industrial Copilot for Operations, enabling AI tasks to run as close as possible to machines.

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iemens showcased its vision for the future where data, AI and software-defined automation will converge to enable unprecedented flexibility, optimization and continuous improvement across the world’s industries, for companies of any size.

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Siemens is bringing Industrial AI directly to the shop floor with the new Siemens Industrial Copilot for Operations, enabling AI tasks to run as close as possible to machines.

This facilitates rapid, real-time decision making for shop floor operators and maintenance engineers, boosting productivity, operational efficiency and minimizing downtime. The Siemens Industrial Copilot ecosystem is continuously evolving to offer AI capabilities across the industrial value chain and into sectors including discrete and process manufacturing, infrastructure, and mobility.

This suite of copilots can enhance human-machine collaboration across all experience levels, helping to accelerate development times and innovation cycles.

The Siemens Industrial Copilot will be integrated with the Industrial Edge ecosystem, which has been enhanced with AI for deploying, operating and managing AI models within the production environment.

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JetZero selects Siemens Xcelerator Platform During Siemens’ press conference at CES 2025, the company announced an agreement with JetZero, a pioneering aviation startup working to build the future of sustainable air travel, to collaborate on the development and production of JetZero’s revolutionary blended wing aircraft. The innovative blended wing design aims to improve fuel efficiency by 50 percent, reduce noise and deliver the promise of zero carbon emissions by 2035. JetZero will leverage the Siemens Xcelerator open digital business platform to design, manufacture and operate their new aircraft.

JetZero is planning to build “Factory of the Future”, a new greenfield factory in the United States where they intend to tightly integrate Siemens’ automation hardware, software and services to help it achieve its remarkably ambitious vision encompassing electrification, automation and digitalization of both the aircraft and its production. The JetZero aircraft and its associated manufacturing operations will be simulated virtually using comprehensive digital twins – enabling the company to de-risk the manufacturing process, validate the approach and scale processes long before any ground is broken or jets take to the skies.

Siemens democratizes industrial tech for startups Siemens’ presence at CES also highlighted the company’s commitment to enabling startups and companies of all sizes to use its industrial metaverse technologies. Through the new Siemens for Startups program, innovators of any size have access to the intelligence, ecosystems and technologies they need to turn their big ideas into world-changing innovations. Siemens is providing access to venture partnering and clienting services along with dramatically reduced cost access to software and hardware from the Siemens Xcelerator open business platform. In addition, Siemens is collaborating with Amazon Web Services to offer AWS credits, business development resources and access to the AWS Activate program for technical and go-to-market support.

Introducing Designcenter for product engineering Koerte was joined on stage at CES by Tony Hemmelgarn, president and CEO, Siemens Digital Industries Software, to unveil Siemens’ new Designcenter software suite, which brings together its portfolio of design and engineering software including Solid Edge and NX software in one unified offering so that companies of any size can design and collaborate using the industry-leading Parasolid modeling kernel. www.sw.siemens.com MORE INFORMATION

Collaborating with NVIDIA to bring photorealism to PLM Together with NVIDIA, Siemens announced new additions to the Siemens Xcelerator open digital business platform, including the Teamcenter Digital Reality Viewer powered

by NVIDIA Omniverse, which brings large-scale, physically based visualization directly into the product lifecycle management (PLM) system. This capability also enables teams to collaborate in a secure, digital twin environment using their live 3D data, reducing errors and data discrepancies while streamlining workflows and decisionmaking.

Enabling immersive engineering with Sony In collaboration with the Sony Corporation, Siemens is delivering a new solution for immersive engineering that brings together Siemens NX software for product engineering with a breakthrough head-mounted display from Sony to enable content creation for the industrial metaverse. Now available for pre-order and shipping beginning in February, Siemens’new Immersive Engineering toolset brings the power of mixed reality to the product engineering and manufacturing community, enabling highfidelity mixed reality and 3D-focused collaboration.

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H EAV Y - D U T Y E N G I N E S

ADVANCING ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH CUMMINS’ TWO-STAGE TURBOCHARGING INNOVATION

Cummins Turbo Technologies develops and tests Holset turbochargers, delivering durable, reliable solutions for medium- to heavy-duty engines over decades.

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ommercial engines need advanced technology to be efficient and meet strict emissions standards.

Therefore, Cummins Inc. offers various turbo technologies, like fixed, variable, and two-stage turbos, all designed to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

As we continue to work on the latest advancements for the next generation of engine technology, let us take a closer look at two-stage turbocharger technology that uses two turbochargers in a series, to improve performance and efficiency.

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What is a two-stage turbocharging system?

Turbochargers give engines more power by pushing extra air into the cylinders, making the fuel burn more efficiently. They do this by using energy from the engine’s exhaust gas to spin a turbine. The turbine is connected to a compressor by a shaft and as the turbine spins, it also spins the compressor, which forces more fresh air into the engine.

A single-stage turbocharger uses one turbine and one compressor. If the turbocharger is large, it provides higher torque at high engine speeds, giving good peak power performance. However, it may not deliver as much power at low speeds. On the other hand, a smaller turbocharger is better at providing power at low speeds but may struggle to give enough boost for peak power at high speeds.

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A two-stage turbocharger uses both a small and a large turbo. The smaller turbo spins up quickly to deliver an instant boost, improving torque and responsiveness at low speeds or in high-altitude conditions. The larger turbo then kicks in to provide smooth, consistent power at higher speeds.

This setup allows for better performance across a range of conditions, not just at low or high speeds.

In a two-stage system, exhaust gases are managed by bypass systems called ‘wastegates’. These wastegates adjust based on engine speed to optimize the performance of the turbocharger. With rising fuel prices and stricter emissions standards, engines need to be more efficient. Two-stage turbochargers provide a strong solution by balancing lowend torque and peak power, offering better performance at higher altitudes, and enhancing overall fuel efficiency.

How does two-stage turbocharging system work?

A two-stage turbocharger system uses two turbochargers positioned along the exhaust path. The one closer to the engine is the high-pressure (“HP”) turbo and the one farther away is the low-pressure (“LP”) turbo. Each turbocharger has a compressor and a turbine.

The system’s efficiency and performance come from the balance of hot exhaust gases and fresh air moving through both the HP and LP turbochargers.

Hot exhaust gases from the engine enter the HP turbine first, where energy from the high-temperature gas is extracted, causing the turbine blades to spin. The spinning of the turbine blades powers the HP compressor, which further compresses air that has already been pressurized by the LP compressor. This compressed air allows for higher pressure ratios and more air in the engine’s combustion chamber.

The remaining energy in the exhaust gases then drives the LP turbine, which in turn powers the LP compressor to pressurize more air for the HP stage.

Bypass valves regulate the exhaust gases. At low speeds, the valves stay closed to direct more energy to the HP turbo. As speed increases, some exhaust gas bypasses the HP turbine, redirecting more energy to the LP turbo.

Two-stage turbochargers offer better “turbo matching,” which improves transient response, peak torque and peak power, making them highly efficient across the engine’s torque curve. This makes them ideal for high-power engines, engines with high air demands (e.g., hydrogen internal combustion engines) and applications that operate at high altitudes.

Types of two-stage turbocharger systems At Cummins, our turbo technology has advanced alongside innovations in engine performance. Fixed Geometry Turbochargers, for instance, channel all exhaust gas through a chamber in the turbine housing to the turbine wheel, improving performance based on chamber design and turbine size. Over time, we introduced Wastegate and Variable Geometry Turbochargers.

Wastegate Turbochargers include a valve (wastegate) that allows some exhaust gas to bypass the turbine wheel, reducing speed and pressure in the exhaust manifold and improving airflow control. Variable Geometry Turbochargers adjust the exhaust passage before the turbine wheel to optimize pressure and gas velocity for better performance.

Two-stage turbochargers can be used in different configurations, including sequential, compound, parallel and variable geometry twin-turbocharging.

• Sequential turbocharging: In sequential turbocharger configurations, the smaller turbo handles the lower engine speeds to reduce turbo lag and the larger one kicks in at higher speeds to provide additional boost.

• Compound turbocharging: This configuration, used in heavy-duty diesel engines like trucks, boats and industry, has two turbos arranged in a series. Exhaust gases pass through the high-pressure and larger turbo, allowing for high boost pressures and improved efficiency.

Two-stage turbochargers are also ideal for light-duty engines with a wide speed range or when higher torque is needed at lower RPMs. They excel in providing a quick response during low ramp-up cycles for torque.

Two-stage configurations can be paired with either a Wastegate or VGT turbo. A two-stage setup with a VGT offers a wider flow range, higher efficiency at low flows and low inertia, which is beneficial for transient response.

Alternatively, an Electric Wastegate (eWG) can be a good option, where the Wastegate is electronically controlled, similar to a VGT. Challenges of two-stage turbocharger systems: Two-stage turbochargers pose several engineering challenges in modern engine design. One common issue is packaging constraints, which can make it difficult to integrate these systems into different engine configurations, limiting their use across various vehicle platforms. Another key challenge is thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF). The dual turbocharger setup requires strong support structures and interconnections to handle significant temperature changes and mechanical stresses. To address this, Cummins uses extensive TMF validation, both analytically and empirically, drawing on years of experience to mitigate these concerns.

The inclusion of wastegate bypass functionality adds further complexity to two-stage turbocharger systems. The high-pressure (HP) turbine needs larger wastegate ports to manage increased exhaust flow, causing the wastegate valve to operate more frequently in the open position compared to single-stage systems. Additionally, sequential turbocharging systems require an extra compressor bypass mechanism, increasing the system’s complexity and control challenges. Cummins tackles these issues by validating specific customer duty cycles and carefully selecting materials based on the fuel type—whether Diesel, Natural Gas, or H2ICE. Cummins Inc. has long led in advanced turbocharging technologies, leveraging our engineering expertise to overcome the challenges of two-stage systems. Our team consistently pushes the limits of design, addressing packaging constraints, reducing thermo-mechanical fatigue, and optimizing wastegate functionality.

Through rigorous testing and refinement, Cummins has successfully implemented two-stage turbocharging across various engine platforms, enhancing performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions compliance. Our advanced materials, precision manufacturing, and sophisticated controls ensure we maximize the benefits of this technology.

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• Parallel turbocharging: In V-8 or V-12 engines, parallel turbocharging, two identical turbochargers receive exhaust gases from separate sets of cylinders, providing compressed air to the intake system to balance power output and improve response times.

Advantages of two-stage turbocharger systems: A two-stage turbocharger system is often the best choice for optimizing both cost and performance. For example, when a single-stage system cannot achieve a high compression ratio efficiently, a two-stage turbocharger can provide the necessary performance boost.

www.cummins.com • Variable geometry turbochargers in two-stage systems: Some systems use a combination of a fixed turbocharger and a variable geometry turbocharger, where the Variable Geometry Turbocharger’s ability to change the aspect ratio and optimize across a wide range of engine speeds is especially useful.

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ONE EQUITY PARTNERS COMPLETES INVESTMENT IN COMAU, AN ITALIAN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION LEADER

Under OEP’s ownership, Comau will have access to additional capital to grow its competencies in diversified sectors and to enhance and expand its Italian roots.

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ne Equity Partners (“OEP”), a middle market private equity firm, today announced that it has completed a majority investment in Comau S.p.A. (“Comau”), making Stellantis an active minority shareholder. Comau is a global technology company specializing in industrial automation and advanced robotics.

As previously communicated, Comau’s Executive Chairman Alessandro Nasi, and Chief Executive Officer Pietro Gorlier will continue leading the company and its future growth.

The executive management team will also retain their current positions.

“Comau has consistently renewed its innovation and business strategies developing new technology solutions to respond to evolving market dynamics along its 50+ years of experience in international markets,” remarked Comau CEO Pietro Gorlier. “The finalization of this transaction represents another fundamental milestone in Comau’s growth path. The support of One Equity Partners will allow us to capitalize on the growing global demand for advanced automation, with Stellantis as an active minority shareholder. This arrangement preserves our deep-rooted Italian identity while reaffirming Comau’s position as a leading international player in the industrial automation industry, as well as an increasing number of different sectors.”

“Comau is a leading industrial automation company with significant growth potential and first-rate robotics technology,” said Ante Kusurin, Partner, One Equity Partners. “OEP is wellpositioned to help drive Comau’s next phase of growth as an independent company utilizing our industry expertise and established operational playbook for carve-out transactions.”

“I want to express my gratitude to Comau’s employees for providing innovative products and services to all its customers,” said Stellantis Chairman John Elkann. “I am confident that Comau under its new ownership has the right leadership, strategy and operational discipline to create sustainable, longterm value for all its stakeholders, from Italy to the world.” www.comau.com

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E N ER G Y E F F I C I E N C Y

DELTA INTRODUCES MSI MOTOR SERIES FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL FUTURE

Delta announces the launch of its MSI motor series in the EMEA region. Designed as a highefficiency PM reluctance motor, the MSI series brings unparalleled compactness, energy savings, and integration capabilities to fan and pump applications. With options including flange, foot, and flange/foot versions, as well as speeds of 1500 rpm and 3000 rpm, the MSI series is set to redefine industrial motor performance.

Compact Design with Maximum Efficiency The MSI motor series revolutionizes motor design with its compact form factor, offering a size reduction of 1-2 frame sizes compared to traditional induction motors. This smaller size saves valuable installation space while meeting IE5 efficiency standards, making it an environmentally conscious choice. The motors deliver outstanding energy savings, helping industries lower operating costs and reduce carbon emissions, supporting global sustainability initiatives. These features position the MSI motors as a valuable solution for wholesalers, distributors, and system integrators across various industrial applications.

“Delta’s MSI motor series represents a leap forward in energy efficiency, compactness, and system simplicity,” says Martien Heesterbeek, product manager from Industrial Automation Business Group, Delta EMEA. “This new addition to our portfolio empowers businesses to achieve both operational excellence and sustainability goals.”

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Seamless Integration and Easy Setup Delta has prioritized ease of use with the MSI motor series, ensuring installation dimensions match those of standard IM motors for straightforward replacement. Additionally, motor parameters are preloaded into Delta’s MS300, CP/ CFP2000, and VP3000 frequency drives, allowing for quick and effortless system setup. This compatibility reduces commissioning time and simplifies operational processes, providing businesses with an efficient, cost-saving solution.

Reliable Performance for Critical Applications Engineered to deliver consistent and precise performance, the MSI motors operate with reduced noise—5–10 dB lower than standard motors—and minimized vibration levels, creating a quieter and more stable environment. These features enhance reliability and accuracy, making the MSI series ideal for fan and pump operations in demanding industrial settings. By optimizing energy use and ensuring long-term stability, the MSI motor series stands out as a game-changing solution in the industrial automation market.

www.delta-emea.com

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AU TO M OT I V E M A N U FA C T UR I N G

PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CABLE TESTING

For electric vehicle (EV) owners and drivers, reliability is a vital element of e-mobility. Advances in cable testing enable manufacturers to improve their vehicles and their sustainability. Marcus Schneck, CEO of norelem, highlights how the company is playing a key role in supporting this aspect of the EV industry.

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hile norelem has served the mechanical engineering industry for over 65 years, new markets and opportunities constantly arise. The electric vehicle industry is a great example of how norelem can bring its expertise to help specialist companies create new and better solutions.

A case in point is EMBE Machining, a precision machining specialist based in Markgröningen, Germany. EMBE leveraged norelem’s standardized components to develop an innovative measurement device to test cable insulation in EVs. norelem played a pivotal role in supporting EMBE’s engineering excellence to deliver this solution.

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The Customer Story Tracing its roots back to the 1950s, EMBE specializes in precision milling, turning, and drilling. The company uses its skill set to develop, design, and manufacture prototypes, individual components, series parts, and assemblies. It has built a reputation for highly accurate measurement tools, with customers in mechanical and medical engineering, the

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automotive and motorcycle industries, and the electronics sector.

EMBE was tasked with developing a measurement device to test the insulation capabilities of cables in electric vehicles.

These current-carrying components must function reliably, even when experiencing extreme heat or cold temperatures.

The aim was to provide accurate results that could enable the vehicle manufacturer to make cabling more compact, delivering a market advantage while conserving resources and supporting sustainability goals.

EMBE designed a device to accurately measure the insulation of two wires by applying a test voltage to one wire, which it then moved incrementally closer to another wire until the insulation was breached by an electrical arc. This indicates that the voltage is high enough to break through the wire's insulating sheath. The resulting current flow between the two wires signals that the insulation has failed and is no longer effective.

Achieving meaningful test results required multiple measurements under varying parameters, such as position, voltage, and temperature. In fact, the device’s mechanics had to enable a wide range of motion while ensuring high repeatability at ±0.02 mm.

technical requirements but also provided detailed product descriptions, specifications, dimensions, and other data.

In particular, easy access to product tolerance information from the web store enabled EMBE to confidently make quick purchasing decisions.

Standard Components Approximately two-thirds of the device is constructed using standardized components from norelem’s portfolio, while the remaining third comprises custom-made parts.

Steel parallels from norelem act as reference plates for the dial gauge or for distance measurement, as the component needs to lie perfectly flat in order to deliver precise measurements. A lift table and a positioning table form the base, enabling precise height and Y-axis adjustments. These tables are connected into a unit via a mounting base plate, enabling horizontal and vertical movements.

Further Benefits For EMBE, cost-effectiveness was another important factor – for example, they realized it would have been impossible for them to manufacture the required spindle-driven guide carriage for under $400. It therefore made more sense to buy it from norelem.

The heart of the device is the second positioning table, which facilitates X-axis positioning. This component ensures the precise approach of the two wires. To achieve consistent results, the adjustment handle was replaced with a ratchet similar to a micrometer screw, allowing samples to be consistently pressed “to the block.” This distance serves as a zero reference. From precise positioning tables to reference plates, norelem’s high-quality parts ensured exceptional accuracy and repeatability, meeting the rigorous demands of insulation testing.

These factors streamlined EMBE’s design and manufacturing processes while maintaining cost-efficiency and reliability.

This partnership has not only reduced project lead times but also enhanced cost efficiency, enabling EMBE to quickly deliver cutting-edge solutions to its customers. EMBE now considers norelem one of its core suppliers, using its products in custom fixtures and internal production.

EMBE and norelem are pushing the boundaries in the automotive industry, creating innovative, reliable, and sustainable advancements in electric vehicle technology.

To find out how norelem could help your business do the same, click here.

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Leveraging norelem’s parts and expertise brought several advantages for EMBE. Michael Pieske, project manager at EMBE Machining, cited three key factors: product quality, quick availability, and an intuitive online shop with a comprehensive norelem CAD database.

An additional advantage is the free CAD models available for each part, which EMBE uses during the design and finalization phases of 3D models. These CAD models can be displayed on a second screen, making it easy to determine availability from stock and look at possible alternatives.

www.norelemusa.com

Michael had prior experience with norelem components at his previous job and brought this knowledge to EMBE. For this project, norelem’s components not only met the 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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OILFIELD & GAS

TELEDYNE GAS & FLAME DETECTION LAUNCHES TELEDYNE GDCLOUD

Teledyne GDCloud is a comprehensive cloud solution that elevates gas detection measurement by recording hazardous events, ensuring regulatory adherence, and streamlining safety programmes.

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s part of its ongoing commitment to enhancing industry connectivity, Teledyne Gas & Flame Detection (Teledyne GFD) is making its new and proprietary Teledyne GDCloud™ available with the company’s GS700, GS500 and Shipsurveyor portable gas leak detectors, as well as its PS200 portable four-gas monitor for personal safety and confined space applications. The integration of cloud connectivity significantly enhances the gas leak detection process by visualising all instrument data and turning it into actionable business insights.

Teledyne GDCloud™ is a comprehensive cloud solution that elevates gas detection measurement by recording hazardous events, ensuring regulatory adherence, and streamlining safety programmes.

The ability to visualise detailed gas sensor readings from field sessions is among Teledyne GDCloud’s most powerful capabilities. Users can trace the route taken by each technician during investigations by utilising its advanced location mapping functionality, enabling breadcrumb mapping to show the precise locations that correspond to all gas readings logged within the GS700 detector. When looking to pinpoint leaks, analyse hazards and document sources of emissions, this location intelligence is invaluable.

Additionally, users can interact with dynamic charts and tabulated data displays to reveal further insights into field activity and events.

With powerful tools that track and analyse, Teledyne GDCloud™ can also support a cost-effective, efficient, condition-based fleet management programme. Functions include equipment status, fault reporting and remote

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diagnostics from Teledyne experts. Notably, the availability of alarm prioritisation ensures that ‘important and urgent’ data can be actioned before lower-level risks.

With its intuitive and customisable dashboard, Teledyne GDCloud™ provides total visibility into the operational and compliance status of all gas detectors within a user’s fleet. Configurable widgets facilitate the organisation of key information in accordance with user preferences, while colour-coded indicators immediately highlight significant field events. These indicators highlight instruments that require imminent calibration or functional bump testing to maintain instrument performance and guarantee the ongoing capture of accurate readings.

projected gaseous hazards based on location-mapped readings. It also includes meticulous record-keeping and intelligent fleet tracking. The secure and reliable cellular solution operates independently of the end user’s IT infrastructure and can be quickly retrofitted to existing GS700, GS500, Shipsurveyor or PS200 instrument fleets.

Teledyne GFD has successfully rolled out Teledyne GDCloud™ globally with many customers and remains committed to supporting future advancements in this field. https://youtu.be/2Fscp1rjr7Y www.teledynegasandflamedetection.com

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“Stringent record-keeping is crucial for demonstrating regulatory compliance with gas safety protocols,” states Nick Wood, Global Marketing Director, Teledyne GFD. “Teledyne GDCloud™ securely stores comprehensive calibration data records for every detector. Users can quickly access and document an instrument’s recent operational history, including all past calibration readings, bump test status, the technicians involved and any relevant service notes, providing a meticulous audit trail with simple reporting at a touch of a button.”

Teledyne GDCloud™ offers a user-friendly cloud solution for gas detection programs, featuring comprehensive compliance monitoring, visualisation of field events, and 08 • INDUSTRY | February 2025

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M E TA L W O R K I N G

NEW SECO HELICAL MILLING CUTTER DELIVERS THREE TIMES LONGER TOOL LIFE

The new Seco LN4-11 Helical Milling Cutter provides up to three times longer tool life per edge and boosts productivity to achieve the lowest cost per part. The cutter ensures high material removal rates in applications requiring a helical milling cutter 32 – 63 mm in diameter.

Economical and user-friendly The LN4-11 provides shops several avenues to cut costs and improve profitability. Its adaptability to a variety of applications enables shops to reduce tooling inventories and costs. Operators simply change out the cutter’s inserts to go from one application the next. The tool’s front and helical insert pockets also eliminate the risk of incorrect insert placement to improve efficiency and reduce waste.

“The new Seco LN4-11 Helical Milling Cutter is the answer to the challenges shops face today,” said Seco Product Manager Magnus Engdahl. “It’s impossible to load the inserts of the cutter incorrectly, and every cutter body and insert feature an individual Seco Data Matrix code that provides access to cutting data and spare part tracking. It’s an excellent opportunity for shops to improve productivity and efficiency while overcoming the challenges created by lesser skilled operators.”

Four cutting edges for cost-effective milling The milling cutter has two different inserts. There are two cutting edges on the front inserts and four edges on the helix inserts. The design allows robust machining operations and aggressive material removal rates. Cost performance is enhanced, and tool life is improved. Inserts are available in a broad range of grades and geometries for a variety of operations and materials. The LN4-11 meets the demands of general engineering and automotive applications as well as those in the aerospace sector.

Each cutter’s individual Data Matrix code ensures easy access to all relevant tooling information including individual data metrics, cutting data, compatible products and spare parts.

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www.secotools.com

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