NOV 2023 - International Aquafeed magazine

International Aquafeed - Volume 26 - Issue11 - November 2023

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

AQUACULTURE TESTING: You can only improve what you measure!

- Krill meal from Antarctica - Turning probiotic bacteria into an effective microbial management tool for shrimp aquaculture - Key success factors for efficient grinding of fish & shrimp feed - Biomass estimation: Real-time millimetre accuracy for fish biomass estimation

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WELCOME What a great Latin response!

In early October 2023 IAF attended the inaugural Victam LatAm show in São Paulo, Brazil.

I would also encourage you to read our regular columnist Dr Brett Glencross (page 16) as he discusses the goal of making better use of the ‘fixed volume’ of fish resources we harvest. It is an intriguing insight into the Roger Gilbert potential future of achieving 100 percent fish While we were attending and promoting all Publisher – International Aquafeed utilisation from an annual catch. three of our publications, our main focus was to and Fish Farming Technology This is one subject I would like to address host a two-day PetAqua Conference - that was, in the RongoRongo Live Video Studio at two half-day morning sessions that precede the some point as we need to be making plans now on how to reduce opening of the exhibition each day from 09:00-13:00. wastage - if we are not already doing that - and achieving moreOur thinking for hosting such an event was based on the with-less. outcome of our two Online Milling School courses which deal If fish in the human diet is to become increasingly more with aquafeed and petfood production separately over a 12-week important, then meeting that additional demand has to be period. achieved in a sustainable way.

While there are several similarities when it comes to the We have features from ‘Krill Meal from Antarctica’ (page 18), production of extruded fish feeds and the production of dry pet ‘Microbial Management in Shrimp Aquaculture’ (page 22) to foods, it seemed novel that hosting a joint conference might be ’Successful Front Farming’ (Page 26). That’s before we get into attractive to both audiences.

‘Effective Grinding of Fish & Shrimp Feeds’ (page 32). Our Little did we know just how popular that would be. The conference attracted a room full the first morning and a room with Fish Farming Technology ‘magazine’ starts on page 37 and this month includes a feature of ‘Fish Biomass Estimation’ (page 38) standing room only on the second morning. and ‘Aquaculture Testing’ (page 40) followed by our Technology Presentations were made all in three languages (without Showcase. simultaneous translations) of English, Portuguese and Spanish.

Before our regular Calendar and Events sections we have one Speakers chose their most comfortable language to use. last ‘Aquaculture Case Study’ (page 46) on Atlantic cod.

Overall, it was a brilliant way to engage across industries with a common theme being extrusion technology.

As with aquafeed production facilities, the petfood sector has Events spare capacity and the equipment to produce aquafeeds and vice We have two main events to report upon this month with a third versa. one to be reported in our December edition. Leading the way is And that brings me to a relevant point that was made to me the European Aquaculture Society’s ‘Aquaculture Europe 2023’ recently; that feed manufacturers are often driven by their event (page 52), held in Vienna, Austria in mid-September. It equipment and equipment suppliers to adapt feeds produced to created much interest and attracted one of the organisation’s suit a machines capability rather than the other way around - that largest attendances to what proved not only to be a valuable being the natural feeding and feed selection process used by the and informative conference and business event but offered an fish. We achieve this in our nutritional formulations, ensuring that outstanding social programme that will remain in the memories of the gut of the fish receives the correct balance in a digestible diet those who attended for some time. for growth and health but we seldom take into account the eating The European Aquaculture event followed hard on the heels or grazing characteristics of the species we are feeding. of dsm-Fermenich annual ‘Aqua Days 2023’ which IAF was Maybe that’s a bit overstating it, but the PetAqua Conference privileged to attend once again this year (our report on key in São Paulo was about these types of observations. What can the aspects of this event will be included in our December edition). petfood producer bring to the aquafeed producer and vice versa Victam LatAm was also a great success and our report appears in terms of feeding characteristics that influence the enjoyment or at the back of this edition (page 54) followed by the regular gratification of the animal involved?

Victam Insights newsletter which also focuses on the event.

This is a topic for another day or another issue.

Please look elsewhere in this magazine for how you might For now, we should take a quick look at the content of this subscribe using either your Apple/Google account or by simply edition and highlight what is of importance and what we feel is coming direct to us and using the Coupon Code HNY23 to waive essential reading. any charge.

Professor Simon Davies and Erik Hampel tackle the subjects We wrap up with the Market Place - please use the special of fish nutrition and health and Fish Farming Technology ‘aquafeed.info’ links you find throughout this section but respectively. also elsewhere (as they tell the company you are contacting Professor Davies takes us on a journey covering work being done how you have reached them, which is great support for the in The Netherlands on marine environments, the pressure on our magazine). raw materials that we use through distant conflict and disruption I’d like to mention the interview with Dr Benedict Standen at and work he has been involved with in the Middle East. dsm-firmenich of Austria. Getting to know Benedict over recent Meanwhile Erik Hampel talks technology and what is at the years has been a privilege. It’s good to learn a little more about cutting edge when it comes to fish farming. Both are worthy of what drives him. your time and attention.

Good reading!

www.aquafeed.co.uk

NUTRITION & HEALTH continue in our search for alternatives Last month I had the great pleasure to to marine ingredients and even towards visit the Netherlands and stayed with my those plant protein concentrates that colleague Robert Paul van der Heijden at may be deemed less sustainable his home on the outskirts of Amsterdam. and associated with tropical forest Paul is a champion of fisheries, destruction such as oilseed palm aquaculture and has extensive business meal, palm oil, and soya. The focus interests and governance experience. He on microbial, algal, yeast and such has close ties with leading environmental and commercial groups through his Professor Simon Davies newcomers as insect meal moves on relentless. I have been approached company MatureDevepment BV. Nutrition Editor, International Aquafeed in my private capacity to work with The focus of my visit was to meet students and staff at several research institutions involving the leading companies that are investing in new products.

Recently, a major European food retailer has approached marine sciences. Holland takes the marine environment very me regarding their desire to produce bespoke Black Soldier seriously and places much government investment in both fundamental and applied research. I was delighted to catch up Fly larval meal for pigs, poultry, and fish. I get calls from with my former master’s student Jesse Van Groenigen, who is the Middle East and USA for similar such ventures and for technical advice and cost benefit analysis discussions. As such now pursuing his doctoral programme on a most interesting it is imperative to keep up with the scientific and commercial marine biotechnology topic. He is extracting and purifying sectors to obtain the best information and status of these a suite of unusual amino acids called mycosporine amino developments. This is where our magazine and articles are acids not connected with protein structure. These MAAs of such usefulness. Research in fish and shrimp nutrition is a have a unique ability to quench UVA and UVB wavelengths very dynamic continuum. Sometimes we see the pendulum and help to mitigate oxidative stress in organisms. Certain swing back and fore and much being discussed as novel today marine microalgae and seaweeds have these amino acids has been well established a few decades ago. thus acting as a barrier to UV penetration. Algae coating Actually, there was excellent work done on terrestrial worms, coral can act synergistically to prevent the effects of sunlight insects, and single cell proteins in the 1970’s to 1990’s. The in shallow reefs and preventing bleaching and loss of coral. main changes have been associated with the types of culture Marine biotechnology offers exciting natural products and processing technologies and sourcing of materials.

Jesse is culturing seaweeds for their functional properties It has been a pleasure lately to continue working with and his work on MAAs will hopefully have applications colleagues in the Middle East especially in Saudi Arabia to novel suncream lotions and replacing the undesirable and Egypt. Our research has involved novel ingredient chemicals being used in some products. On my tour, I saw supplements with a focus on using nano-enclosed trace some amazing work with students actively engaged in their elements within plant extract matrices. We have access to internships. Some were dissecting fish samples for measuring specialised material sciences laboratories in Egypt that can their otolith status for ageing fish populations and I saw manufacture these compounds and to test their purity and wild lumpfish being assessed as well as many other North dimensions. We have so far worked on silver, selenium, and Sea species. All these were based at the prestigious Royal zinc nanoparticles. In addition, we have the unique advantage Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) at two coastal of being able to conduct disease challenge tests on important locations in the country. There was much interest in the deepfish species farmed in the region such as tilapia. water sector and researchers are working on the ecology of the sea at pelagic and benthos levels. Specialised laboratories This November edition has many interesting features and something very new for the readers. I am mindful that were concerned with nutrient profiling of organic material aquaculture is more than just fish, shrimp, lobsters, crabs, and obtained from deep sea collectors and measuring proteins, shellfish. Indeed, there is a significant frog farming industry amino acids and with particular attention to identifying the in parts or the world such as in China and areas of Latin lipid composition in terms of fatty acids. All these provide America. I once visited an intensive frog farm in Mexico invaluable information on the complex food web in our seas at Merida and their nutrition and feed management is quite and oceans for conservation strategies. Obviously, global special. Frogs feature on numerous menus as an exotic dish warming can impede normal process and affect the health and are seen to be very lean and nutritious as well as being of our fish stocks and many other species. This in turn quite lucrative. Some European companies have a range of has important implications for aquaculture nutrition if we frog feeds for exportation to farm units globally. As such, consider fish for fishmeal and fish oil products from pelagic we include a special species feature on the farming of bull species. frogs by Matt E Bell and me. As usual, we have our regular With conflict in many regions of the world, the quest for raw news features, technical aquafeed articles and features for materials and commodities to build our aquaculture feed your interests. Please contact me if you have any ideas and supply chain has never been more important and critical interesting news or articles we may include. for stability. This is particularly true of grain and oilseed byproducts as core ingredients of many aquafeeds. We 4 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY in warfare, but also in industries like I recently read an article by Kangning aquaculture. Of particular interest are Yue and Yubong Shen in Aquaculture underwater drones that can perform and Fisheries magazine (March 2022) operations that are either dangerous to man or about disruptive technologies that difficult to do. may influence aquaculture in the 3D printing has been around for a while, but near future. (By the way, I dislike the it has not really been affordable to most. 3D word ‘disruptive’. It has a negative printers are now becoming affordable, and connotation for me. We should rather the application of 3D printing in aquaculture use ‘innovative’), very informative. is a novelty, and they are constantly finding The article mentions genome editing, Erik Hempel new applications in aquaculture. artificial intelligence, offshore fish The Nor-Fishing Foundation Among the ‘software’ technologies, I should farming, recirculating aquaculture mention virtual reality, which offers a number of possibilities for systems, alternative proteins, oral vaccination, blockchain training at low cost. Virtual reality also seems to be particularly for marketing, the Internet of things and a number of other attractive to young people with an interest in technology and has technologies that may help improve aquaculture production in been used in stimulating interest in aquaculture among young the near future. people. In China, it has been used to create virtual simulation One cannot avoid mentioning genetic improvement in breeding. which rely on virtual reality, multimedia and human computer It is not new as such, but it is being developed further in interaction for high-risk or high-cost tasks. ways that are less risky or offensive than for example genetic Related to virtual reality is augmented reality, which has been manipulation. Genetic improvement has been a key element in used to teach students about fish welfare, disease prevention, the improvement of aquaculture over the years. The traditional fish escapes and dangerous conditions. ways of achieving genetic improvement, especially through And of course, there is artificial intelligence, which seems selective breeding, are well known and have been practised for to have taken on an aura of magic in some circles. We are decades. The latest in this field seems to be the combination increasingly being exposed to digital technologies, and many of molecular technologies and breeding programmes. Genome are persuaded to jump on the band wagon of technology without selection and genome editing is a method that enables rapid considering the risks involved. improvements in economic traits in aquaculture species.

Artificial intelligence opens a whole new world of possibilities.

Genome editing is not considered genetic manipulation as AI seems to be a quick learner, and a lot quicker than us such and is therefore more palatable to the industry. According humans. But is there a danger that AI may be too smart for to the authors of the article, genome selection and genome us? I remember the movie ‘2001 – A space odyssey’, where editing combined with conventional breeding strategies and the on-board computer finally tried to take control over the mature biotechnologies will substantially accelerate genetic whole mission. The astronaut was in danger but found the final improvement in aquaculture. solution in the end: he pulled the plug on the machine.

I was particularly interested in the various “hardware” While I have great hope that many of these technologies may technologies that were presented, like robotics to carry be beneficial to aquaculture, there may be some negative out laborious tasks, drones for data collection, 3D printing consequences of making use of them. technologies which can produce tools for aquaculture, and It may be that we will have to invent a similar final solution sensors to monitor various parameters. for artificial intelligence. I am sure AI can do a lot of good, and Replacing manpower with machines, like robotics, is certainly I am in fact myself enjoying the benefits of AI in some of my not a new technology, but practitioners are constantly finding work. But what if people with less noble intentions put AI to new ways of applying this technology, and the robots are their use? Well, technology giants like Elon Musk have already become more versatile and specifically adapted to aquaculture warned us: stop this development before it gets out of hand! tasks. The use of drones seems to have exploded, not only

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

aquafeed.co.uk

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Managing Editor Joy (Jyothsna) Nelloolichalil joyn@perendale.co.uk

November 2023 Volume 26 Issue 11

IN THIS ISSUE

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.com Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.com Erik Hempel (Norwegian edition) erikh@perendale.com Editorial Advisory Panel - Dr Abdel- Fattah M. El- Sayed - Dr Alessio Bonaldo - Dr Allen Wu - Prof Charles Bai - Dr Daniel Merrifield - Dr Domique Bureau - Dr Elisabete Matos - Dr Eric De-Muylder - Dr Noor Khan - Dr Pedro Encarnacao

REGULAR ITEMS 8

Industry News

44 Technology showcase

Editorial team Prof Simon Davies sjdaquafeed@gmail.com

50 Industry Events 60 The Market Place

Shannon Parsons shannonp@perendale.co.uk

64 The Aquafeed Interview 66

Niamh Cassidy niamhc@perendale.co.uk

Industry Faces

International Marketing Team Darren Parris Tel: +44 7854 436407 darrenp@perendale.co.uk Costa Skotidas +44 7826 545952 costas@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Cristina María Roldán Otero Tel: +44 1242 267700 cristinaperendale@gmail.com Egyptian Marketing Team Mohamed Baromh Tel: +20 100 358 3839 mohamedb@perendale.com India Marketing Team Dr T.D. Babu +91 9884114721 tdbabu@aquafeed.org Asia Marketing Team Dante Feng Tel: +886 0227930286 dantef@perendale.com Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu Tel: +234 8132 478092 nathann@perendale.com

The Aquaculture case study

46

Creating value for the cod industry - Feed development for an emerging aquaculture species

Digital community manager David Harvey davidh@perendale.co.uk Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan Tel: +44 1242 267706 tutit@perendale.co.uk Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk Aquafeed Journal journal@perendale.co.uk

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COLUMNS 3 Roger Gilbert

4 Professor Simon Davies 5

Erik Hempel

17 Brett Glencross

FEATURES 18 Krill meal from Antarctica

22 Turning probiotic bacteria into an effective microbial management tool for shrimp aquaculture

26 Leaping away to successful frog farming 32 Key success factors for efficient grinding of fish & shrimp feed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 38 Biomass estimation: Real-time millimetre accuracy for fish biomass estimation 40 Aquaculture testing: You can only improve what you measure!

THE BIG PICTURE Victam LatAm 2023 See more on page 54

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Join the fish revolution

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Aquasend selected for HATCH Blue Accelerator 6.0 Program

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quasend, a branch of Precision Measurement Engineering (PME), is pleased to announce its participation in the HATCH Blue Accelerator 6.0 program. HATCH Blue is a global catalyst for a climatesmart, truly sustainable and just (sea)food transition.

The Accelerator 6.0 program is an international masterclass over 14 weeks designed to scale sustainable solutions in the blue economy for US based companies. Founders will work with worldleading experts and connect with industry investors, farmers and talent with stops in Norway Hawaii, Vietnam and Singapore. From aquaculture to alternative seafood, marine biotechnology to blue carbon sectors, HATCH Blue will bring participants on 12 farm and site visits across the globe to connect with the industry experts.

Participants receive initial investment with the potential for follow-on investment from HATCH Blue and HATCH Blue invested US$300,000 as a pre-seed investment for PME and Aquasend.

Founded in 2017, HATCH Blue has funded 43 companies through the program with 60 percent raining more funding which has built HATCH Blue’s portfolio to more than 100 million dollars.

8 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

CAT backs Prima Larvae Bali in advancing Whiteleg shrimp breeding

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rima Larvae Bali (PLB), a leading hatchery in Eastern Indonesia, is bolstered by the expertise of the Center for Aquaculture Technologies (CAT) to elevate their Whiteleg shrimp (vannamei) breeding program. This support enhances PLB’s commitment to delivering biosecure, topquality post-larvae suited for Indonesia’s unique farming landscape, while also introducing cutting-edge genetic technology.

PLB is widely recognised in the Indonesian aquaculture industry for its commitment to delivering quality post-larvae (PLs). Through a meticulously designed selection scheme and larvae culture process, the company ensures that each PL taps into the full genetic potential of the chosen broomstick for rapid growth and disease resistance. Emphasising stringent biosecurity measures, PLB exclusively produces 100 percent Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) PLs. Only frozen feeds are used to nurture the shrimp broomstick, and the facility strictly avoids the use of fresh/live feeds. This unwavering commitment to excellence distinguishes PLB and significantly contributes to the aquaculture sector in the region.

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In an ambitious move to further improve the quality of its offerings, PLB has sought the expertise of the Center for Aquaculture Technologies (CAT), an industry leader in aquaculture research and development. Leveraging CAT’s use of advanced statistical models, both organisations aim to refine the selection of genetic lines for shrimp that grow quickly and thrive in commercial settings. CAT’s proven approach includes the utilisation of molecular markers and the latest technologies to generate genetically diverse and adaptable lines of shrimp. Their multi-generational selection methods have already demonstrated improvements in both growth rates and survival capabilities in commercial farm conditions.

By offering farmers access to genetically superior shrimp lines, PLB is making a significant contribution to the sustainability of productivity of Indonesia’s shrimp production.

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International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 9

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Black soldier fly trials for farmed Salmon feed we cannot rule over that this fraction from insects would have had a positive effect under other conditions. In any case, it is an important side stream to safeguard for optimal utilisation of insects as feed for fish”, says Nofima’s Andre Sture Bogevik.

In the project, the level of the mineral manganese was also investigated. The EU has threshold values for the content of manganese in the finished feed for farmed fish, and insects contained naturally high levels of this. The trial showed that the fish excrete the mineral and do not absorb more in the body than if the meal did not contain high levels of manganese. Nor did the mineral lead to any deformities or have a negative impact on growth.

Optimal nutrition for exceptional RAS shrimp farming Aller Aqua RAS Shrimp feeds are a carefully selected range of documented solutions: High palatability and feed uptake Fast and uniform growth Low water pollution

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10 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

LET’S GROW TOGETHER

I

nsects are a natural part of the diets of wild salmon when they are in rivers. Insects are also making their way into the diets of farmed salmon. When Nofima scientists wanted to test the species of insect called black soldier fly in salmon feed, it was therefore natural to measure the effects on salmon parr, which are young, freshwater salmon.

The trials showed that salmon grew just as well and had just as good digestion when their diet contained stick water from insects. With 10 percent insect meal in the feed, the fish also grew just as well as fish that received the control feed.

“The trial shows that there is no problem in salmon having at least 10 percent insect meal in their feed. Based on the positive effects of the stick water fraction from fish meal,

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05/08/2022

5:21 pm

Nuvonic UV Systems gain NVI approval

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uvonic, a global UV technology solutions provider, today announced it has received approval from the Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), a renowned biomedical research institute specialising in biosecurity. This achievement highlights the reliability, efficiency and biosecurity improvements in Nuvonic’s UV water treatment systems for aquaculture businesses worldwide.

The NVI, renowned for its commitment to the wellbeing of fish, animals and humans, has approved Nuvonic’s entire range of USEPA-validated Proline PQ IL (Inline) units. After rigorous testing to meet strict aquaculture biosecurity standards, these now fall under the ‘RASline’ banner. In a fast-growing industry with higher stock densities and stricter environmental rules, there’s an urgent need for chemical-free disinfection to curb fish diseases and environmental harm. Nuvonic’s RASLine range safeguards aquatic life, processes and the environment without chemicals.

Nuvonic provides six RASline models specially designed for efficient water treatment. Using mediumpressure UVC lamps, these UV systems are compact and energy-efficient. They can be customised to target specific microorganisms and precise dosages.

Extending its global footprint, Nuvonic remains committed to growing its network of partners, fostering trust and enhancing security within aquaculture operations across Europe, South America, Africa and other regions.

Going mobile

12 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

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Protect your profits

Mitigate risk through mycotoxin deactivation In addition to rising feed costs, mycotoxins further impact profitability by impairing growth performance and health status. The risk is never zero.

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Genics wins Small Business category at Premier of Queensland’s Export Awards

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rade and Investment Queensland hosted the annual Premier of Queensland’s Export Awards last night, and it was a night to remember for Genics, emerging as the proud winners in the Small Business category.

The Premier of Queensland’s Export Awards is a prestigious annual event celebrating the outstanding achievements of export-oriented businesses in Queensland. It’s a platform that recognises and applauds companies that are not only thriving in the domestic market but also making their mark in the global arena by introducing innovative Australian products to the world.

The 2023 awards night saw 43 companies vie for recognition in this prestigious competition, competing across 15 categories. The announcement of the 2023 award winners was made by Queensland Premier Annastacia

Wanda Fish raises US$7M to accelerate pilot production of cultivated Bluefin Tuna

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oodTech start-up Wanda Fish Technologies Ltd, announces it has secured US$7 million in seed funding. The round was led by Netherlands-based global aquaculture investment fund Aqua-Spark, with additional funding from returning pre-seed investors The Kitchen Hub by the Strauss Group, Peregrine Ventures LLC, PICO Venture Partners, MOREVC and CPT CAPITAL LLP. Since its inception, Wanda Fish has raised US$10 million in funding.

Founded in 2021 by The Kitchen Hub and Daphna Heffetz, a leading figure in biotechnology-based innovation, Wanda Fish develops premium quality,

Palaszczuk and Treasurer and Minister for Trade and Investment Cameron Dick.

Genics triumphed in the Small Business category, showcasing its dedication to punching above its weight in the global agricultural technology sphere. This victory represents a significant milestone for Genics and a gratifying recognition of the company’s contribution to the Queensland export industry over the last twelve months.

cultivated fish outside of the ocean. This new injection of capital will boost Wanda Fish’s ability to accelerate the creation and increase the scale of a cultivated whole-cut filet of bluefin tuna.

These cuts replicate the texture, flavour and nutritional value of wild-caught bluefin tuna as they compromise the fish’s muscle and fat cells and contain the same native proteins and fatty acids, including omega-3 and other essential nutrients. As a cultivated fillet, Wanda Fish’s bluefin tuna has no common ocean pollutants, like mercury, and is produced under non-GMO standards.

“We are excited and feel incredibly fortunate to collaborate with Aqua-Spark in propelling our venture forward,” says Daphna Heffetz phD, co-founder and CEO of Wanda Fish. “We are on a shared mission to improve the global food value chain, creating a tasty, more sustainable future for all.”

14 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

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Ukraine government introduces electronic declaration of the right to commercial fishing and research fishing

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he cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has adopted resolution No 1076 on ‘implementation of the pilot project on the introduction of declaration of the right to commercial fishing and experimental fishing in electronic form’.

Fishery entitles planning to fish on an industrial scale or carry out experimental fishing are required to declare their right to do so by submitting an electronic declaration by 1st November each year.

The declaration for commercial fishing and experimental fishing is formed, signed and submitted automatically to E-Fish.

The pilot project will last for two years and will ensure: Reducing the administrative burden on fisheries entities by simplifying the procedure for obtaining permits Introducing the possibility of providing/receiving administrative and other services in the fisheries sector in electronic form

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Minimising corruption risks The Ministry of Agrarian Policy will coordinate the pilot project. The launch of the E-Fish system will be announced on the information resources of the State Agency for Fisheries in the near future.

RESTRICT

inappropriate use of antibiotics and chemicals

REDUCE

losses from subclinical disease and outbreaks

INCREASE

economical and ecological sustainability

BOOST

feed perfomance and farm productivity

www.adisseo.com International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 15

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The Aquafeed Journal Peer Reviewed articles

Animal proteins and fats as sustainable feed materials

Aquafeed Journal is a new online publication by Perendale Publishers Ltd, United Kingdom, with a distinguished track record of technical and trade magazines in the agricultural and aquaculture sectors. This new peer-reviewed scientific journal will serve academia and the commercial aquaculture industry with high-quality papers relating to aquafeed science and technology for different species of farmed fish and crustaceans.

It is envisaged to address fundamental nutritional requirements for effective and optimal production and applications to advanced feed formulations.

This will include essential amino acids, proteins and energy sources as well as key vitamins and minerals pertaining to fish and shrimp growth, feed efficiency and health.

For more information, visit us online: Find out more at:

www.aquafeed.co.uk AQUAFEED

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16 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Brett Glencross

W

Moving towards 100% fish utilisation

e’ve all heard of ‘peak oil’, where our capacity extract mineral oil reserves reach their maximum capacity, and after that they become increasingly scarce. Some may have even heard about ‘peak phosphate’, where inorganic phosphate reserves, which are so critical for agricultural productivity, also reach their peak extraction. But what about ‘peak fish’, the maximum volume of fish we can sustainably extract from the oceans? Well apart from the difference between finite nonregenerative resources as the case with oil and phosphates, the finite regenerative resource of fisheries offers several contrasts.

Based on fishery yields and catch per unit effort data, recent scientific reviews suggest that this was probably about twenty years ago. So, aside from potentially increasing that volume by further fishing down trophic levels into planktonic species or finding ways to exploit those difficult to access mesopelagic fish species, the reality is that we are unlikely to find more fish to use for any purpose, food or feed. So, if we are looking at a ‘fixed’ volume of fish, then the recourse has to be how do we better use what we have? How do we move towards 100 percent utilisation of what we already catch.

Seafood contrasts much of other food production by having a very short shelf life. Fish can spoil within days or even hours unless treated right. We can extend this shelf life with refrigeration and ice, and push that even further with freezing, and even further still with canning. But these all come at a cost.

Sometimes the cost of which is greater than the value of the fish themselves. An often-overlooked means of preservation of seafood is dehydration. Means for dehydrating fish products

B SEARCH &

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to stabilise them can push the shelf life of fish products out to 12-months or more. As a stabilising strategy this also works well at VERY large scales. Think of millions of tonnes of fish being harvested in small geographic areas over a few months of the year, and still be able to stabilise that product for use in food production, either directly or indirectly for the following 12-months, then that gives you some idea of the scale at which this operates every year in many places around the world. This fish provides for much needed nutrients and transfer of those nutrients across global food production systems, where such resources can significantly amplify their impacts around four- to five-fold, based on estimates by Kok et al. (2020).

However, the dehydration of whole-fish strategy is one that is not only applied to those large-scale fisheries of forage species like anchoveta, blue whiting, and menhaden. Many of the other fisheries what we catch directly for human consumption also provide raw materials that can be used. For example, capture of species like tuna, herring and mackerel for canning, smoking, and even fresh products often produces up to 60 percent of the volume of fish caught as by-product that is not eaten. The value of this biomass can still be captured as valuable nutrients for future use in our food-chain by applying stabilisation and in doing so it contributes as arguably one of the largest scale circular protein resources available in doing so. At most recent estimates by-product fishmeals and oils were around 2.5 million tonnes of production annually. So, by applying 100% utilisation thinking, we ensure that we keep moving towards making to most of what fish we have and continue to amplify their effects on our food chain.

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International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 17

KRILL MEAL FROM

ANTARCTICA

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A KEY INGREDIENT IN THE GREEK AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

by Phelly Vasilaki, R&D Manager, IRIDA & Vangelis Kolios, Technical Support Manager, Irida, Greece

reek aquafeed producer Irida knows that feed ingredients play a key role in carbon footprint. That’s why they choose krill meal.

When one thinks of Greece, it’s impossible not to associate this popular Southern European tourist destination with the bountiful seafood it has to offer. As such, it’s not a surprise that this country is a rising star in the aquaculture world as well, where it holds a leading position when it comes to the production of sea bream and sea bass in Europe.

Greece’s aquaculture industry long ago surpassed the fishing industry in terms of production levels, with 65 percent of the country’s fish production coming from aquaculture (as of 2020, per FAO). For the past two decades, aquaculture has steadily climbed in sales. In the wake of the pandemic, Greek aquaculture recorded record-level sales, valued at around 636 million Euros in 2021 alone, according to the Greek Aquaculture Annual Report 2022.

A leader in sea bream and sea bass

With 96 percent of Greece’s aquaculture market dominated by sea bream and sea bass, the market is focused on ramping up production to meet growing demand, all while enhancing the competitiveness of the industry. At the same time, the long seafood traditions in Greece have bred a strong sense of respect for the sea in this country. It’s this respect for the fish, the waters and the planet that has stimulated the Greek aquaculture industry’s ever-growing focus on sustainability.

Greek aquaculture leaders have been vocal about their commitment to sustainable aquaculture practices, in particular through the voice of the Hellenic Aquaculture Producers Organization (HAPO). HAPO has professed its commitment to not only contributing to global seafood production, but also to help the world ensure food security and protect our oceans. They believe that only through innovative approaches can the industry

18 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

always inspiring more …

reap positive change.

Growth, competitiveness and sustainability are central to Greece’s aquaculture future. With aquaculture a central piece in Greece’s economic development, the country must find the balance between ramping up seafood production and remaining competitive on an international scale, all while investing in more sustainable practices. And sustainability, in this industry, requires reducing the environmental footprint while simultaneously taking actions that protect marine ecosystems.

“One of the largest carbon contributors in aquaculture production comes in the form of aquafeed. The food the farmed species eat can represent a significant sustainability challenge for producers,” says Virginie Claeyssens, Director of Sales Europe, Aker BioMarine. “For aquafeed producers such as Irida, a leading Greece-based Mediterranean aquafeed company, this is a challenge that must be tackled in order to remain competitive with a sustainable feed offer for farmers.”

Irida has made some strategic decisions in its efforts to lead the way to uncover more sustainable raw materials for their feeds – one of the keys to more sustainable operations.

Years ago, the company tasked its team of aquafeed experts to research ways to transform their aquafeed into a more sustainable product, one that will help aquaculture producers reduce their carbon footprint in a meaningful way. Irida researchers aimed to find the balance between the nutritional, health and welfare needs of the fish, needs that are largely met through quality feed, and ensuring that these nutritious ingredients are also sustainably sourced.

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International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 19

D Choosing sustainably sourced krill meal for aquafeed

Nikos Papaioanou, the Technical Director and Chairman of Irida, was instrumental in this strong and in-depth collaboration with Aker Biomarine. This is mainly due to his belief that krill not only has a high value and unique nutritional profile if used in aquaculture nutrition, but is also backed by sustainability credentials, making it an ideal candidate for in depth research as a raw material of value. Now, the Irida research team’s findings have been key to the feed they now produce for their customers across the Mediterranean market and beyond. The company places high priority on the quality and sustainability of each raw material they select, which includes Antarctic krill meal from Aker BioMarine, known under the brand QRILL™ Aqua.

Krill meal has become an important, sustainable ingredient for aquafeed makers due to its high nutritional value. It serves as potent feed stimulant, which results in greater feed uptake and better growth rates among the farmed species. Krill has also been proven to strengthen health and improve survival of the fish in the larval and juvenile stages. The benefits of krill meal are backed decades of aquaculture research, driven by the marine science community globally.

“The quality of our feed and dedication to sustainable and nutrient-rich raw materials raise the bar for the entire aquafeed industry. This is key for European producers of sea bream, sea bass and pagrus. Through our own scientific studies and the research

from Aker BioMarine, we have learned a great deal about how krill meal impacts these species when included in the diet, and we see positive outcomes in terms of health, growth rates and survival,” adds Papaioannou

The research into the nutritional benefits of krill meal continues

The search for knowledge on the nutritional potential of krill meal is far from over. Irida and Aker BioMarine have long been active collaborators, testing the effects of krill as a sustainable ingredient that has the power to influence the outcomes for aquaculture producers.

Today, the two companies are designing lab and farm-based trials that are crystallizing the beneficial results when QRILL Aqua is added as a feed ingredient. The team expects some new results in 2024 that will highlight how krill meal affects the growth, quality, and health of the fish.

“The Greek aquaculture industry is in an exciting place at present, growing fast and at the same time, not losing focus on its ingrained principles of protecting the sea and marine resources,” adds Claeyssens. “Irida recognizes that feed ingredients are a key part of any aquaculture producer’s journey to more sustainable production, and together, we will do our part to continue sourcing knowledge and innovating for the betterment of the entire industry.”

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PROBIOTIC

Turning probiotic bacteria into an effective microbial management tool for shrimp aquaculture

BACTERIA

A

Barbara Hostins, R&D Group Leader Health & Environment & Pranisa Suthianthong & Laurent Marien & Peter De Schryver, Inve Aquaculture (A Benchmark Company), Belgium

mong the strategies to obtain effective shrimp aquaculture methods, the application of probiotic bacteria has become a widespread practice worldwide.

First developed in the 1990’s

by Professor David Moriarty together with specialists from INVE Aquaculture, the concept of using probiotics is now backed up by plenty of evidence that – when applied properly – it is an effective strategy for modern shrimp aquaculture. INVE Aquaculture continues to develop its probiotics solutions, such as the well-known Sanolife® range, into stable, easy-to-use, and cost-effective solutions with the highest number of active good bacteria per USD invested.

Clear and proven benefits

The benefits of probiotics have been elaborately observed and reported by scientists, industry experts and farm managers alike. The potential to actively modulate the animal’s gut microbiota and to boost their immune response are qualities that turn probiotics into an essential part of aquaculture’s toolkit for microbial management. Probiotics also improve water quality conditions, reduce organic waste in the ponds, and optimise the shrimp’s feed utilisation through the production of digestive Figure 1

enzymes (Hoseinifar et al., 2018, Jamal et al., 2019, Soltani et al., 2019). Finally, objective data show that probiotics contribute to improved growth and survival.

Identifying the most suitable species and strains

Many bacterial species have been investigated as potential probiotics. But commercially available products today mainly contain strains of the taxonomic orders Bacillales and Lactobacillales. Within these orders, most aquaculture probiotics are found in the Bacillaceae and Lactobacillaceae families.

The latter are classified as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), named after their metabolic end-product. They are traditionally used in food fermentation and became known for their health benefits since the beginning of the 20th century. Despite their numerous gut health benefits, Lactobacillus bacteria present significant challenges in terms of viability when used in food/feed matrices.

The reason is that they are most often applied as active or freezedried live cells. Under challenging field conditions such as pH and temperature variations, adding live probiotics to the feed may cause their inactivation (Ouwenhand, 2013). For optimal efficacy, the bacteria would benefit from extra protection, added for instance through encapsulation techniques. But this would evidently increase the cost and complexity of the production process.

Moving towards optimal (cost-)effectiveness

An obvious alternative is to use probiotic species that are naturally protected. Bacilli, for instance, possess the natural capacity to form highly resistant, metabolically dormant structures that are called spores. If looked at the structure of such

Figure 2

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Figure 3 Figure 4

Figure 5

a bacterial endospore, its core contains a condensed and inactive chromosome. This is surrounded by a peptidoglycan cortex, and one of more layers of protein material, known as the spore coat (Figure 1 – from Tehri et al 2018) (Cutting, 2010).

The interesting thing about this spore coat is, that it protects the organism against harsh conditions such as UV radiation, free radical and enzyme activity, and temperatures up to 80-

85°C (Nicholson et al., 2000). The intrinsic capability to form a protective spore coat makes Bacillus a relatively stable bacterium (Ouwenhand, 2013). Because they can survive longer under the influence of environmental stressors, endospore-forming bacteria show a better viability than lactic acid bacteria during production and storage, and thus a more stable shelf in life in dry food matrices.

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International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 23

Germination: getting dormant bacteria to become active

Figure 6

What’s important to understand, though, is that the bacterial cell inside the spore coat is in a dormant state. To resume its probiotic activity, it needs to go through an activation and germination process. Depending on the strain type, the bacteria will respond to environmental parameters such as water activity, temperature or nutrient levels. Step by step, the spore coat layers become permeable. Eventually, they degrade completely, the bacterial cell leaves the membrane and resumes its metabolism. A good understanding and control of this process is crucial to effectively applying Bacillus probiotics to the shrimp pond water or in the feed.

Figure 7

Spotlight on INVE Aquaculture’s Sanolife® Probiotics

What can probiotics manufacturers do to ensure the adequate revival of the Bacillus spores used in their products? As a leading example in the industry, INVE Aquaculture developed an assessment method for the spores used in its Sanolife® range. With real-time phase-contrast microscopic images, INVE documents the transition time from a non-germinated spore (phase bright) to a germinated spore (phase dark), and the consequent evolution into multiplying cells. Figure 2 illustrates the mounting of spores (i.e. the yellow circle) into a microscope chamber with growth media on a glass slide, allowing to monitor the process.

Proven 96 percent germination

These microscopic analyses prove that spore germination of Sanolife® Probiotics occurs within 10 minutes after incubation when exposed to temperatures of 27°C - 30°C. Within 1-2 hours the spores grow into vegetative cells, and from 3 hours onwards cell replication begins (Figures 3a and 3b). Arrows indicate individual spores demonstrating transition from phase bright over phase dark to multiplying cells. The germination percentage reaches 96% in little over 1 hour (Figure 4).

Translated to shrimp farm practices, this means that from the moment Sanolife® Probiotics are applied to the pond water (or reach the shrimp gut when added to the feed), 96 percent of the spores will germinate in less than 2 hours. Under lower temperatures (<20°C), the spores take about 30 minutes to activate (Figure 5), and around 3,5 hours to reach around 80% germination (Figure 6). Hence, for low water temperature cultures (<20°C), it may be advisable to briefly activate the spores in warmer water before applying the probiotics.

Comparative studies

Besides water quality parameters, the type and origin of the

bacterial strains are essential to choosing a probiotic product.

This is clearly illustrated by a microscopic comparison between INVE Sanolife® Probiotics and an alternative Bacillus-based product. After 4 hours of incubation under the same conditions, Sanolife® spores have germinated and grown into vegetative cells, while most cells of the alternative Bacillus-based product are still in non-germinated spore form (Figure 7).

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Leaping away to successful frog farming

A

by Matt E Bell, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth & Simon J Davies, Professor of Aquaculture Biosciences, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland

The main two species is the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) and the Indian Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus). The L. catesbeianus is native to North America, often reaching 20 cm long, with large females laying up to 25,000 eggs at a time. It is now located in more than 30 countries and is mainly reared in South America (e.g., Brazil and Mexico) Indian subcontinent, and Asia. The H. tigerinus is native to India, Image courtesy of ©Matt Bell

quaculture is a broad area and embraces more than our traditional considerations of farming fish, shrimp, molluscs, and algae.

In fact, water is a medium for many other potential organisms of economic merit. For decades the rearing of frogs for their meat (the frog legs) has been highly successful and a viable industry in many regions of the world.

Here we examine its status and potential for the future. Frog farming, also known as frog culture or frog breeding, is an established industry that has gained significant attention globally.

Frog farming, specifically bullfrogs and leopard frogs, has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional meat production, contributing to the conservation of wild frog populations and meeting the rising demand for exotic meat and valuable coproducts.

26 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Bangladesh, and northern Pakistan. They can weigh from 0.27 to 0.77 Kg and are an average of 16.76 cm in length, growing at an average of 7.31 cm in the first year but declining after reaching sexual maturity to around 0.53 cm per year.

There is keen interest focused on developing culture techniques for native frog species. Some examples include the marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in Europe, where farming interest is increasing; the North African green frog (Pelophylax saharicus), which is undergoing preliminary evaluation; and the giant swamp frog or groove crowned bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus occipitalis) in Burundi and Nigeria. Exports to regions with a French cultural heritage are obviously a prime target, like Quebec, North Africa and, of course, France. Bullfrogs and leopard frogs are also commonly eaten in China, Indonesia, Namibia, Portugal, Spain, Taiwan and Vietnam.

Frog skins can be processed into high-quality leather products, contributing to the fashion industry, and generating additional revenue (Liu et al., 2018). Frog coproducts, such as peptides and skin extracts, have shown promise in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries (Laufer et al., 2017). By-products from frog farming can be repurposed as fertilisers and animal feed, reducing waste, and enhancing sustainability (Azevedo et al., 2022).

This article aims to provide insights into frog farming, exploring various examples of successful farms around the world. Additionally, we will discuss the importance of holding facilities, the role of design in frog farming, and the significance of nutrition for optimal frog growth and development. Efficient design is essential for the success of frog farms, as it facilitates optimal production and minimises potential environmental impacts. Holding facilities play a crucial role in frog farming by providing suitable environments for growth, reproduction, and overall well-being. These facilities may include the following components. Breeding ponds simulate the natural habitat of frogs, providing them with space to reproduce and lay their eggs. To support successful breeding, these ponds should have appropriate vegetation and water quality parameters, including temperature and pH levels.

Rearing or nursery tanks raise tadpoles until they metamorphose into froglets. These tanks should offer adequate water depth, oxygenation, and hiding places for tadpoles. Temperature control is vital during this stage, as it influences the growth rate and development of the frogs. Once froglets have developed, terrestrial enclosures provide a transition from aquatic to

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terrestrial life. These enclosures typically contain tanks with suitable substrates, hiding spots, and vegetation. Adequate temperature and humidity levels must be maintained to ensure the health and development of the frogs. Temperature control is crucial for frog growth and reproduction at 26°C for L. catesbeianus, note temperatures over 31°C affect egg development. Farms employ heating and cooling systems to maintain optimal temperature ranges throughout the year.

Appropriate lighting regimes are also implemented to mimic natural day-night cycles and stimulate normal behaviour.

Effective water management systems, such as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), can significantly enhance water conservation and minimise pollution. RAS allows for the reutilisation of water, reducing the need for excessive water replenishment. Frog farms must prioritise biosecurity to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases. Measures such as strict quarantine protocols, regular health screenings, and controlled access to farm facilities help mitigate the risk of disease outbreaks.

Nutrition and feeding

Proper nutrition is vital for the health and growth of farmed frogs. Frog feed primarily consists of a variety of insects, worms, and small vertebrates. Key considerations for frog nutrition include formulating complete pelleted diets that provide a balanced mix of proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. These commercial or farm made diets should be tailored to the specific nutritional requirements of each frog species and their life stages. Live prey, such as crickets, mealworms, and earthworms, are often included in frog diets to mimic their natural feeding behaviours. Nutritional supplements such as calcium and vitamin D3 are also necessary to prevent deficiencies and maintain optimal bone health. Early attempts to rear frogs relied on live food sources, but these were often unsustainable and costly.

Protein sources such as fishmeal, soy protein, and insect meal have been widely used due to their high-quality amino acid profiles (Johnston, 2010). These are expertly formulated to

replicate the nutritional composition of natural prey.

Carbohydrate and Lipid Components: Carbohydrates and lipids are essential for energy supply and growth. Cornstarch, wheat flour, and vegetable oils have been incorporated into frog diets (Trang et al., 2013). Vitamins and minerals are vital for frog health and development. Dietary supplements, such as calcium and vitamin D3, are often added to prevent nutritional deficiencies (Hua et al., 2015) Artificial diets have been successful in promoting efficient growth and development of farmed frogs. Studies show that appropriate protein-to-energy ratios are crucial for optimal growth rates (Browne et al., 2018).

It is now feasible to obtain Feed Conversion Ratio FCR values for L. catesbeianus typically at of 2.8 to 1, and sometimes better.

Pathogens and disease

Frog farming, like any animal farming industry, is susceptible to various diseases and pathogens that can adversely affect the health and productivity of farmed frogs. For instance, Ranavirus is a highly contagious viral infection that affects amphibians, including frogs. It can cause significant mortality and has been responsible for severe losses in frog farms worldwide.

Symptoms include skin lesions, haemorrhages, and organ failure.

Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is another widespread disease affecting frogs.

It impairs the skin’s ability to function, leading to electrolyte imbalances and eventually mortality. Chytridiomycosis has been a major contributor to global amphibian declines. Various bacterial infections can affect farmed frogs, such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium species. These infections can lead to skin ulcers, septicemia, and systemic diseases. When diseases occur, appropriate medicines may be used to treat infected frogs.

Specific antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial medications can be administered under veterinary supervision. However, it is important to use medications judiciously to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Biosecurity and precautions

Implementing strict quarantine protocols and practising biosecurity measures are crucial preventive measures. New frogs should be quarantined upon arrival to prevent the introduction of diseases to existing populations. Maintaining good hygiene, controlling access to farm facilities, and regular health screenings are essential for disease prevention. Research is underway to develop vaccines for some frog diseases, such as ranavirus. If proven effective, vaccination programs could significantly reduce the impact of diseases in frog farming by boosting the immune response and preventing infections. The gut microbiota of frogs has been linked to their immune function. A diverse and balanced gut microbiome can enhance the immune system’s response to pathogens. Probiotics and prebiotics may be used as dietary supplements to promote a healthy gut microbiota. Certain dietary additives, such as β-glucans and vitamin C, have been found to enhance the immune response in frogs.

Recent research in China has indicated that additional taurine, at 16-20 mg/kg body weight, can enhance immune function and

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 29

antioxidant capacity in captive H. rugulosus. These immunostimulants can be included in frog diets to improve disease resistance, overall immune function and resilience to infection by pathogens.

Therefore, it is no surprise that one of the major uses of bullfrogs raised via aquaculture practices is within the educational, scientific and medical domain through skin use.

Future perspectives for frog culture and markets

Historically the mariculture of frogs is linked to subsistence harvesting to supplement rural and poor communities’ nutritional, protein (60% dry) and all essential amino acids intake. According to the FAO only 100g is needed to fulfil essential amino acid intake for adults. However, many nations see Image courtesy of ©Matt Bell frog legs as a delicacy and luxury. With current levels of destruction to Bullfrog natural habitats from anthropogenic sources and climate change’s and proper nutrition are crucial factors that contribute to the impact on a growing global population, frog farming is becoming sustainable growth and success of frog farming. Through more lucrative. As a result, successful farms such as those found adopting innovative practices and promoting environmental in the USA, Spain, and China showcase the diverse approaches stewardship, the frog farming industry can continue to and advancements in the field. It has been reported that for China flourish while ensuring the conservation of these remarkable alone in 2017 the estimated value of the country’s frog farming amphibians. There is a likelihood of a flourishing frog meat industry was over US $7 billion. In Brazil (2019) it is reported industry at all levels with leading restaurants presenting exotic to about 400 tonnes (gross weight), which generated roughly menus and with tourists now willing to explore new cuisines.

200 net tonnes of bullfrog meat, with value US$1.9 million.

Obviously, there is much scope for development and expansion in Frog meat is seen to be of high protein, low fat and cholesterol being very nutritious, healthy, and increasingly deemed socially the Asia-Pacific, Latin America and other markets. acceptable to eat.

The role of holding facilities, effective design considerations,

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KEY SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFICIENT GRINDING OF FISH & SHRIMP FEED Extending the Limits of Impact Grinding on Hammer Mills

T

by Thomas Runde, CEO, Achim Kasch, Sales Engineer & Sandra Mohr, Marketing, Tietjen

ietjen is a highly specialised German manufacturer of grinding systems using hammer mills.

Tietjen solutions stand for highest fineness, efficiency, and the tightest grist spectrum.

Today Tietjen grinding systems offer the highest fineness, of course always depending on the recipe: Fine grinding hammer mill FD: up to 98 percent < 500 µm A grinding solution by Tietjen; fineness up to 99 percent < 400 µm However, it is not the mill itself that offers the highest fines, low energy cost, and a high throughput: It is necessary to have a balanced system solution with feeder, aspiration, mill design, sieving solution, and automation in which provides the best performance and ratio between quality and capacity/efficiency.

In this article, Tietjen explains how grinding - as the first process step in making superior feed – has an impact on the quality of fish and shrimp feed and the production costs involved.

Tietjen shows: • Why it is important to reach a high fineness and tight grist spectrum for fish and shrimp feed production.

• The key success parameters in terms of product quality as well as economic and ecological aspects.

• How a grinding system needs to be configured.

Core parameters of fine grinding

Small fishes like hatchlings, early fries, or fingerlings and shrimp need very small feed due to their size. The fish must absorb and digest all content of the sinking, semi sinking or floating feed in a short time and with a short digestive track.

The rest will be not absorbed or excreted unused, which leads to a reduced FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio). This reduced FCR means inefficient feeding, reduced economics for the farmer and a pollution of the water. An adapted grist structure means improved economics and improved environmental impact.

The quality of aqua feed increases with the fineness of the grinding process.

There are several arguments for a narrow and fine guaranteed grist spectrum all aiming at a smoother process after the grinding step, higher quality, and better utilization.

See here the main arguments for an improved process:

32 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Reduced incidence of die plugging in extruder, due to uniformity and cleanness of the ground material • Ease of cooking in the extruder and pelletizing efficiencies • Better binding properties and reduced waste due to finer structure • Improved liquid and steam addition due to small and uniform cell structure • Less wear in the extruder barrel • Ease of drying process • Also, from the end-product and marketing perspective, an adapted grist spectrum brings a lot of advantages, among others: • A superior pellet appearance and uniformity • A noticeable reduction of water contamination, which is a reflection in reduced waste of feed On the other hand, a high fineness often result in higher energy consumption and longer retention time in the mill which might cause a suboptimal grist spectrum (increased proportion of fines), heat exposure for sensitive nutritional elements in the recipe and an increased likelihood for blockings and dust explosions. From the economic side, a higher fineness normally goes with lower throughput of the line.

Which solutions can be offered technically

When talking about grinding for fish and shrimp feed production it becomes clear that there is not just ONE solution. The grinding system depends on the application and recipes in use, required production capacity, product portfolio of the customer, local conditions, and raw material qualities etc. However, there are some established solutions which are used very commonly.

Tietjen compares these common approaches:

Figure A: Efficient fine grinding solution: crusher CR plus feeder AGS AD plus hammer mill FD

Grinding with Two Hammer Mills versus Grinding with PreCrusher and Hammer Mill verses Pre-Crusher, Sieves and One Hammer Mill

The three grinding solutions compared here are typically used for grinding fish feed up to 98 percent < 500 µm for a pellet size of around ø1,5 mm.

Each pelleting process begins with the raw-material preparation.

Some recipes contain hard products like pellets, peas, and legumes.

These components often increase retention time of the recipe in the fine grinder and can cause screen damages in the hammer mill, which leads to down times and increased consumption of spare parts, mainly screens. Therefore, there was a belief that fish feed should be double ground (two hammer mills in line) for a long time.

Hence, if two hammer mills are needed, both with main motors and a ventilator that can aspirate two grinding systems or even two ventilators for two systems with an even higher energy consumption.

Figure B: Hammer mill FD32 coming in 2024 will allow a capacity increase of up to 30%

Tietjen Solution No 1: Straight Grinding with Pre-Crusher

Tietjen offers two different approaches. First, a very effective and simple approach: ‘straight grinding’. It optionally includes the Tietjen crusher CR900 for the size reduction of challenging products like legumes and pellets. The crusher CR is a ‘heavy duty machine’, a mill designed for the tough jobs and challenging recipe parts. At the same time, its energy consumption is quite low with a 30 kW motor use and approx. 1-2 kwh per ton. With its small footprint, the crusher can be easily integrated into a consisting hammer mill setup. (see picture A).

Another important effect using the crusher is as follows: it homogenises the product before it enters the grinding chamber and therewith protects not only the screens but also reduces the required energy input in the main grinding process substantially.

For extra-fine grinding, Tietjen chooses its large chamber hammer mill FD. This mill is optimised for fine grinding and reaches 98 percent < 500 µm fineness, recipe dependent. It has a flexible

Figure C: Set up of circle grinding

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 33

increased impact zone which can be enlarged by 25 percent by adding very flexible additional impact plates, depending on the recipe. There are further optimisations like a support case for the screens that allows very tight screens of < 1 mm and special sealings make sure that only fine grinded material leaves the mill, and that no off-spec grain gets into the extrusion process.

The FD 25 reaches a capacity of up to 15 t/h at a fineness of 98 <500 µm. To become even more efficient and answer to growing capacities in extrusion, Tietjen announces that a FD32 will be available next year and that capacity of plus 30 percent compared to FD25 is expected (Figure B).

Tietjen Solution No 2: Circle Grinding

The second Tietjen approach contains the idea of ‘circle grinding’. This system solution makes sure that only those particles that need to be ground are sent through whereas fine materials can be directly sent through the bypass. Approach No 2 has many advantages: • 99 percent fineness possible due to circle process with sifter.

• Energy savings are gained as less KW is needed for the grinding and the whole process.

• Process and quality control by the sifter in case of a potential screen breakage.

• Foreign body and over-size protection in front of the extruder.

How is the setup of the circle grinding?

The circle grinding works as the name implies in a circle process.

Picture C shows a setup of a typical circle grinding application.

At the beginning of the process, sifter technology separates with a very small drive/energy input – material that is already

fine enough for the downstream process after grinding. Coarse material is conveyed to the hammer mill and ground there.

Depending on the recipe, the hammer mill can be combined with the crusher CR before the sifter. After the grinding process, the ground material can be (control-)sifted again. Materials that do not meet the defined fineness and quality criteria return in the circle. The obvious advantage of this process is that very high finesses are reached and guaranteed. Tietjen customers reach up to 99% < 400 µm with this process.

Adding up all the nominal motor powers involved, a comparison unveils that fish feed producers can save a lot of energy with this improved set-up without making a compromise on quality. Of course, invest/CAPEX and footprint are higher than in straight grinding, but depending on product and design, the invest for the circle grinding can pay off in short time.

Conclusion

In times of increasing energy cost and scarce resources, the optimal utilisation of energy and an efficient production is a must and a key for success. Approaches like straight and circle grinding ensure both: high quality of the ground product and efficient use of energy.

Straight grinding uses a crusher CR for pre-crushing the hard materials like peas, pellets, and legumes before entering the hammer mill.

In circle grinding, the integration of a sifting unit guarantees 99 percent fineness and foreign body protection in front of the extruder. This process saves energy and at the same time the quality of the ground product is even increased.

Both processes are common Tietjen solutions and used by pet and fish feed producers worldwide.

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EMPOWERING YOUR BUSINESS WITH INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

Welcome to FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

The tech update iFarm

Cermaq and BioSort iFarm is a concept based on artificial intelligence and machine learning. With the help of iFarm, you can bring about a shift from population-based follow-up to individual-based care in aquaculture. This will have a major impact on fish health and welfare. iFarm is a collaboration between Cermaq and BioSort. Cermaq has been awarded four development concessions with iFarm. iFarm will be able to contribute to solving some of the most important challenges for the aquaculture industry: Fish health and welfare — with detailed information on the fish’s growth and development, the follow-up can be adapted to a greater extent to the fish’s needs, thereby improving fish health and welfare Salmon lice - iFarm will be able to count lice on all fish, and also detect lice while they are still small. Fish with lice will be able to be separated from the other fish and treated Losses at sea - weak and sick fish can be detected early, and measures can be put in place to prevent the spread of infection in the population Risk of escape - the situations most prone to escape are lice treatment and other ‘risk operations. By separating and treating only those fish that need it, such risky operations are avoided and thus reduce the risk of escape Release of nutrients - with a full overview of the fish in the cage, feeding becomes more precise, and less is wasted 37 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

BIOMASS ESTIMATION Real-time millimetre accuracy for fish biomass estimation

by Ace Aquatec, UK Biomass estimation is the holy grail of fish farming. It is necessary to achieve efficient farming practices and healthy fish. Everything in the cage is a balance – optimising feed, protecting the fish from danger, helping them to grow into healthy, premium quality products.

Feed is the most expensive part of fish farming. and plays a key role in determining fish weights. Overfeeding can be wasteful for both the environment and the farmer. Most fish farmers is hand weighing to monitor and track optimal fish weights but this process can inaccurate, costly in labour and can also increase fish stress levels due to the manual handling. It’s often not until the fish are harvested that farmers discover that their fish are either too heavy or too light for supermarket orders. This can lead to downgrades or supermarkets only paying for the requested weight which is wasteful for farmers.

Ace Aquatec has spent five years developing a state-of-the-art camera system utilising the power of AI (Artificial Intelligence) to accurately measure fish dimensions without human intervention.

Efficiency and precision

The A-BIOMASS™ is an advanced underwater camera designed to bring more efficiency and precision to biomass measurement and distribution. It has been built using the latest AI and camera technology and can be used for a range of fish species. Using the power of machine learning, A-BIOMASS™ can help you gain an accurate insight into your pens without handling or manual intervention.

Accurate weight estimation can lead to a better understanding of total biomass, which can help inform your grading regimes, help with optimising feed and growth rates, and help your farm stay within its stocking density quota. The A-BIOMASS™ provides farmers with continuous measurement of fish which can help reduce unnecessary feeding of large fish which are already at harvest weight. The system can show farmers two separate weight classes which inform the decision to grade the fish out, thereby optimising the feed of smaller 38 | November 2023 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY fish that have been graded and moved to a separate pen. Realtime measurements with millimetre accuracy offer informed insights for immediate decision making.

The A-BIOMASS™ system contains two stereoscopic cameras calibrated to take images synchronously. Through machine learning, AI identifies fish and critical points, such as tail and fins, to measure fish height, weight, and length accurately. With access to the point cloud map, A-BIOMASS™ tracks multiple fish simultaneously, differentiating individuals from the shoal.

With a fully automated winch we can ensure the camera is always watching your fish, providing optimal levels of good data in a short period of time.

The plug-and-play system is easy to set up and starts capturing fish data from the moment it is installed. Developed for the

harshest environments, the marine grade system is lightweight at 8.5kg and easy to deploy. With the system’s fast internet capabilities, data can be easily accessed through the Ace Aquatec portal, which offers real-time information for multiple pens and sites, helping you to optimise your production.

The A-BIOMASS™ underwater camera can also help farms effectively monitor fish welfare, prevent mortalities, and provide transparency and traceability over the fish lifecycle and supply chain. Weight estimation plays an important role in early disease detection. By measuring the data, the Ace Aquatec portal shows farmers the insights that identify deviations of growth curves from the expected trend, which may point to disease or environmental issues, allowing for early intervention.

Aquaculture with KAESER reliable as the tides

www.kaeser.com/aquaculture 39 | November 2023 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

AQUACULTURE TESTING

You can only improve what you measure!

by Mikael Herault, Clément Martineau, Dachawat Poonnual & Freddy Balbi, Performance Measurement, Aqualis, Thailand In aquafeed industry, more and more stakeholders own their testing facilities to control and improve the performance of their products and customise them to various species, growth stages and rearing environments.

Historically, mostly big aquafeed manufacturers were owning in-house testing facilities to develop, and assess, dietary tailormade formulations meeting the nutritional requirements of various aquaculture species, and their specific growth stages.

More recently, they started to develop feed ranges dedicated to rearing environments (RAS farms) or environmental challenges (summertime or wintering). Today, even medium-sized, and small aquafeed manufacturers have set-up their own testing facilities to optimize their testing capacities, operational costs and the control over the methods and results. Regarding the feed additive suppliers, in many cases, they will rely on studies implemented on terrestrial mammals to promote their products to aquaculture industry. Most committed ones will contract public institutions, such as universities, or private CRO to assess the value of their technical solutions in some very specific conditions. However, very few of them have the dedicated budgets to invest in several aquaculture dedicated studies and / or set-up aquaculture testing facilities.

At Symrise Aqua Feed, a company developing and producing palatability enhancers and functional protein hydrolysates for shrimp and fish feed, a dedicated team of passionate researchers and technicians relies on internal, and external testing facilities, to assess the performance of the technical solutions developed internally, or by industry partners. In that way, aquafeed manufacturers are ensured that proposed solutions will meet their needs.

A pioneer in fish testing among aquafeed ingredient suppliers

Since the beginning of Symrise Aqua Feed in 2006 (formerly known as Aquativ), Aqualis EMEA is a mandatory step before releasing a new dietary solution on aquafeed market.

Aqualis EMEA facilities consist in the permanent rental of two independent testing units belonging to a French research institute dedicated to marine sciences and consisting in 24 tanks of 100L capacity (figure 1). Both units are supplied with sand filtrated seawater thermoregulated to 20°C all year round. Minimum water exchange rate is 200percent per hour, which guaranty the best water quality to the European seabass juveniles used as a model fish species for all commercially farmed marine fish

40 | November 2023 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

species because of its high requirements in feed palatability and nutrition.

Experimental conditions are standardised as much as possible to reduce the variability of the different KPI measured during the palatability, nutritional and health studies. Fish are mostly fed ad libitum using on-line automatic feeders to maximise dietary palatability performance, which can be specifically measured with short-term feeding trials of 2 to 3 weeks. In this case, palatability performance is defined as the percentage of the maximum growth gain observed when top-coating an internal reference palatability enhancer (PE) onto an internal reference basal diet (extruded plant-based feed, nutritionally balanced).

This strategy allows the ranking of palatability performance resulting from all the products compared to these two control diets while reducing fish response variability (figure 2). Due to its long tracking record, palatability performance assessment is also used in routine to control the batch quality of the proposed solutions or to determine the product shelf-life.

For nutritional studies, an on-site feed processing lab allows the pelleting process of experimental feeds where dietary variables can be graded fish meal and/or feed additive qualities or levels. In-house NIR device will confirm that feed specifications meet formulation expectations, before starting the feeding trials. While it is not possible to run disease challenges within these testing facilities, environmental (temperature, anoxia) or husbandry (net chasing, crowding, grading, vaccination, swim tunnel) challenges remain possible, along with the measurements of some immune or stress related parameters such as fish serum lysozyme activity or cortisol levels. In this case, procedures are required to be submitted, and

approved, by a local Ethical Committee and the 3R rule will apply (replace, reduce, refine). In respect of local regulations, technicians and researchers are regularly trained to animal experimentations, and their legal requirements.

Aqualis APAC as a testing hub for main APAC species and rearing practices

Asia is the first regional producer of aquaculture products in the world with the widest diversity of farmed species and rearing practices. It was therefore obviously necessary to work locally and target new model fish species such as tilapia for omnivorous fish species and Asian seabass, or snakehead, for carnivorous ones. In this context, Aqualis APAC opened in 2020 and has been upgraded till now. Today, the facilities consist in two RAS units of 32 tanks of 500L capacity, possibly run both with brackish and fresh waters (figure 3). As white shrimp is another widely farmed specie in Asia, two RAS sets of 32 aquaria were set-up to allow specific palatability assessments with this species. A feed processing lab also permits the production of sinking feed by pelleting process. Like at Aqualis EMEA, experimental diets can be checked by in-house NIR or external lab analysis. Fish and shrimp are currently fed manually ad-libitum while waste feed and feces are removed one hour after feeding either by syphoning or using individual tank, or aquarium, pump aspiration. In the four mentioned species, palatability, nutritional and health studies are feasible, thanks to partnerships with local universities for analysis of immune or physiological parameters.

CSR is also an important component of Aqualis sites, and Symrise Aqua Feed DNA. Tested individuals are purchased

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 41

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

from qualified local hatcheries and given to local farmers at the end of feeding studies, while RAS waste waters are reused for their nutritional value within an in-house aquaponic system (figure 4).

Aqualis LatAm as a regional shrimp dedicated testing platform

Ecuador is now the largest exporter of farmed shrimp. Farming practices are completely different in LATAM compared to Asia, not mentioning the significant differences of post-larvae genetic (SPR vs. SPF) or access to feed raw materials. This is why Symrise Aqua Feed has set-up Aqualis LATAM operations, relying on two local partners, one university in Ecuador and one private CRO in Peru. Their facilities consist in a set of 30 to 40 tanks of 1m² area, where shrimp are tested in nutritional and health studies at a density of 40 shrimp/m² in clear water conditions. Experimental diets are pelleted within a Symrise Aqua Feed feed processing lab using local feed manufacturers’ raw materials, with in-house NIR controlling feed specifications.

42 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Aquafeed industry is still growing at a high pace facing new challenges, in addition to the ones listed at the beginning of this article. The need for testing more sustainable, and functional, diets is increasing as fish meal and fish oil prices soar while various new ingredients are proposed on the market at industrial scale. Another illustration of sustainability is water eutrophication, which is now more and more controlled, mostly to ensure required water quality but also to not compromise biodiversity. Dietary formulations, and resulting dietary digestibility, play an important role in this important topic.

It is therefore mandatory for the main aquafeed stakeholders to rely on their own testing facilities to ensure they have enough testing capacities while making sure the implemented experimental conditions fully meet their specifications. External CRO, or public institutions, will remain essential for specific needs or more fundamental projects.

Thus, at Symrise Aqua Feed, more than 60 feeding trials have been implemented in 2022 with 75 percent of them focusing on dietary palatability while 25 percent of them were investigating deeper proposed solutions at nutritional and health levels.

These testing are essential at all levels of Symrise Aqua Feed organization reflecting the different steps of a product life cycle.

As an illustration, 35 percent of these assays are aiming at improving proposed solutions and 50 percent at demonstrating their performance within the local aquaculture environment and economics, including collaborative trials with Aquafeed manufacturers. Last but not least, 20 percent of Symrise Aqua Feed feeding trials are implemented to control the batch-to-batch product quality and most of all to improve testing methods, especially on more challenging species such as white shrimp… because you can only improve what you measure accurately!

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 43

TECHNOLOGY SH Innovations this month November 2023 In this dedicated Tech Showcase section of the International Aquafeed Magazine, we showcase technologies that are reshaping the way we approach aquafeed production and aquaculture practices by revolutionising feed production, fish health, and sustainability.

If you would like your product or service to appear in this section in a future edition of International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine, then please contact us at editorial@perendale.co.uk

Holmen NHP200 Series 2 by Tekpro The Holmen NHP200 Series 2, is our flagship pellet durability tester used worldwide for calculating the Pellet Durability Index (PDI) of feed and wood pellets by simulating the pellet transportation environment from mill to trough.

Once a sample of pellets is loaded into the machine it removes any fines, weighs the sample, tests the pellets by agitating them with air at a fixed 70mBar pressure, weighs the remaining sample and calculates the PDI. This automatic solution removes the chance of human error, providing an accurate and reliable test method. The reduction in human input also allows other tasks to be completed while a test is done, ideal in a busy laboratory or where a wide number of staff carry out the testing. The average test lasts only 4 minutes and the test time is automatically set according to the pellet diameter entered.

Suitable for pellets 3mm-12mm diameter. www.tekpro.com myaqua.info/NGSX

Learn more – Learn onsite New courses coming in 2024!

Weighing Scale by IDAH IDAH weighing and dosing systems are for precise weighing of bulk solids and monitor incoming raw ingredients, ensuring precise recipe formulation with bulk materials.

Accurate and reliable system for handling powder and granular material to allow precise weighing. Can be used for material dosing of materials from bins. Controlled with auto batching software.

This weighing scale is designed for a wide variety of applications in weighing bulk solids, powdered, and granule materials. This weighing scale can be connected to the material batching system and automatically operated based on the formula in food, pet food, aqua feed, and animal feed industry.

Features and Benefits: • High-end load cell reduces maintenance cost • Gravimetric batch dosing system to fit different processing requirements • Round shape hopper design for ranging 100~500 kg • Square shape hopper design for handling over 500 kg • Closed design hopper for low-dust operation https://idah.com http://myaqua.info/FIuq

F360M by Cretel Cretel, the Belgian machine manufacturer of food processing equipment, is set to roll out the F360M. This new generation of table top fish skinners will be available in Q3 of 2023.

The Cretel engineers have been working intensively on re-engineering the existing machines with focus on better hygiene, ergonomic design, user friendliness, safety and easy maintenance. The F360M is the new generation of the popular manual table top fish skinner 362. Additionally, the F360M will also replace the 365F. The new F360M has a newly designed hygienic frame that complements the improved standard cleaning system with the starroller cleaning system from the old 365F. The starroller has a lot of advantages when skinning fish with hard skin, like ray and skate wings. In addition, Cretel also improved the entry of the machine: it is now angled instead of straight. Thanks to all of this, the F360M has truly become the ultimate allround manual table top fish skinner. www.cretel.com http://myaqua.info/rQcf

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Check out our website dedicated to fish farming technology

HOWCASE Hydro-Mix HT-EX by Hydronix The Hydro-Mix HT-EX has been designed to measure moisture in flowing bulk solids such as animal feed, grain, rice and pulses. The sensor can be easily installed in ducting, conveying and mixing systems. It is suitable for Zone 20 process environments and is specifically designed for high temperature applications.

Comprising a single, intelligent unit that contains all on-board functionality including signal processing and averaging, the HydroMix HT-EX precisely measures the moisture content of material passing over the ceramic faceplate.

Remote configuration, calibration, diagnostics and firmware upgrades are simple using Hydronix Hydro-Com software. The linear output allows direct integration with any control system using industry standard interfaces. www.hydronix.com http://myaqua.info/iNgW

www.onlinemillingschool.com FIFISH V-EVO, by QYSEA Technology FIFISH V-EVO, QYSEA’s latest addition to the award-winning V6 series, is the first underwater drone to feature a 4K 60 FPS camera with 360-degree omnidirectional movement, allowing explorers and filmmakers to capture stunning underwater moments in highresolution video.

Featuring a 4K 60 FPS professional-grade camera system, FIFISH V-EVO can capture increased detail and smooth slow-motion videos in ultra-high definition. The drone is equipped with dual 5000 lumens 5500K white LED lights, capable of illuminating dark underwater surroundings to reveal their vibrant colors.

QYSEA’s unique six-thruster layout enables unrestricted movement, facilitating creative and dynamic underwater filming. The drone also utilizes AI-powered image enhancements to filter out planktoninduced white marine flakes and improve footage clarity. The FIFISH V-EVO’s hydrodynamic, fluid, and rugged water droplet design ensures minimal resistance against ocean currents, allowing for longer dives. www.qysea.com http://myaqua.info/ctfn

fishfarmingtechnology.net International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 45

CS

Aquaculture case study

Creating value for the cod industry - Feed development for an emerging aquaculture species

The ongoing decline of Atlantic cod stocks and the listing of the species on the 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals drew the attention of aquacultural entrepreneurs and investors to the Atlantic cod in the late 1990’s.

by Torben M Nissen & Dr Florian Nagel, Aller Aqua Research GmbH, Germany

Late August 1973, Halldór Hallfreðsson, an engineer on the Icelandic Coast Guard Vessel ICGV Ægir tries to repair the hull of the ship after a collision with the British frigate HMS Apollo.

During a manoeuvre to avoid another clash with the British tug Statesman, Hallfreðsson was surprised by sea water flooding the compartment he was working in, leading to a fatal electrocution caused by his welding equipment.

This accident happened during a series of militarized interstate disputes between the UK (and Western-Germany) on the one hand and Iceland on the other hand, referred to as the ‘Cod Wars’.

The conflict started in the early 1950’s and continued to the mid 1970’s, including several ramming attacks, cutting off trawls, economic sanctions, and Iceland’s threat to leave NATO in the middle of the cold war.

Finally, a United Nations agreement of increasing the size of the exclusive economic zones to 200 nautical miles ended the dispute, protecting one of Iceland’s most important export commodities, the Atlantic cod. This brief historic summary, alongside plenty of cultural references such as the motif on the Norwegian 200 NOK bill (figure 1) or the ‘Sacred Cod’, a wooden effigy in the Massachusetts State House originating from the 18th century, underlines the enormous economic and cultural importance of the Atlantic cod.

Rise and fall of a promising industry

Gadus morhua is a benthopelagic, marine fish that can reach an individual weight of more than 50kg and its habitat covers the Northern Atlantic shorelines from the United States’ East coast to the Baltic Sea, where it lives in depths up to 1000m. Despite its relatively wide tolerance to temperature (0°C – 20°C) and salinity (10PPT – 35 PPT), the species saw a rapid decline in numbers mainly due to overfishing, resulting in the collapse of several Atlantic cod stocks and the ban of cod-fisheries in Canada in 1992.

Fuelled by the success and growth of some aquacultural industries such as Atlantic salmon in the North Sea or sea bass and sea bream in the Mediterranean, as well as the ongoing decline of Atlantic cod stocks and the listing of the species on the 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals, aquacultural entrepreneurs and investors drew their attention to the Atlantic cod in the late 1990’s.

The decrease in wild cod landings at that time, historically high prices, and the outlook to supply the seafood market with all-year fresh cod sparked an aquacultural boom at the beginning of the new millennium with hundreds of hatcheries and grow-out facilities started operating Gadus morhua.

Ten years later, the cod-farming industry had experienced all facets of the harsh reality. The high Atlantic cod prices created room for other species such as the Pacific cod, Alaska pollock or even pangasius to enter and take over market shares, wild Atlantic cod stocks partially recovered and landings started increasing again, the world-wide economic and financial crisis kicked in, and most importantly plenty of technical and biological problems such as deformities led to a much lower product quality than the businesses could possibly handle. As a result, the complete industry collapsed.

The situation today

To our knowledge, there is only one private company in Norway that held on to their Atlantic cod brood stock after the collapse and kept working on some of the most important issues like deformities, slow growth rates or early maturation: Havlandet Marin Yngel Torsk A/S. The company based in Florø, Norway, established its own breeding programme in 2003 and since then constantly boosts the performance by a careful selection of brood stock fish. Additionally, their on-site production of live feed enables them to test out different strains of rotifers and artemia, thus providing the freshly hatched fish an optimal nutrition during the crucial first weeks of feeding.

During the last 20 years, the people of Havlandet Marin Yngel Torsk A/S accomplished many significant improvements including higher larvae survival rates, far less deformities, faster growth, and controlling sexual maturation by manipulating light periods. Today, Havlandet´s facility has a capacity of approximately 50 million dry feed adapted cod fry with an average weight of 2-3g per year.

Given those fish are fed with high quality grower feeds, they can reach the preferred market size of 3.5kg to 4.0kg within two years. Those improvements sparked our interest. At Aller Aqua, we are very aware that exchanging knowledge is an important component to an organic and healthy development of the industry, as working and growing together are the key principles of our core philosophy. Therefore, meeting up with Halvard Hovland, CEO of Havlandet, and discussing the state of Atlantic cod aquaculture with him was a great opportunity to start cooperating

46 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

CS

Figure 1

Figure 2

and sharing our experiences and perspectives on the once again emerging market of Atlantic cod farming.

The Atlantic cod market

In the year 2019, Atlantic cod was the third most consumed fish species in the EU, ranking just behind Tuna and Atlantic salmon (figure 2). Its low-fat white muscle flesh is the base for a lot of classical dishes in Northern Europe such as stockfish or the British ‘Fish ‘n’ Chips’ but has also found entry to the haute cuisine in the past decades.

Whereas most of the Atlantic salmon originate from the aquaculture industry, Atlantic cod is almost exclusively produced by fisheries. Taking climate change, reduced fishing quotas and regional environmental problems as well as the recent breeding successes into consideration, the potential for a constantly maturing cod-farming industry is obvious. Despite the popularity of Atlantic cod and the promising market situation of codfarming, comparatively low efforts have been made to investigate the species scientifically, especially when it comes to aquacultural traits (figure 3). Therefore, conducting a comprehensive trial series was the logical next step of the cooperation between Havlandet and Aller Aqua.

Benchmarking

From a fish feed producer’s perspective, benchmarking is a great tool to obtain a detailed overview of the status quo as it sheds light on the most urgent questions: • Which products are farmers using right now?

• Which products yield the highest economic benefits?

• Is there a causal link between potential health issues and feeds?

• How big is the room for dietary improvements?

• How widespread are different farming techniques and is it efficient or even necessary to develop tailor-made products for those particular niches?

As the cod-farming industry is still in a “juvenile state”, the amount of serious competition is low. Most products on the market are not tailored towards the needs of Atlantic cod specifically, but are made for marine species in general, reflecting

Figure 3

a compromise that is understandable from a commercial point of view but could inhibit the growth potential of the industry due to a lack of specialisation.

When the Norwegian Norcod A/S “re-pioneered” the commercial Atlantic cod production in 2018, Aller Aqua took the chance to accompany their journey with the development of a cod-specific feed programme centred around the ALLER OCEAN QUANTUM EX feed. While this development marked a milestone for Aller Aqua and the cod-farming industry, it was evident from the very beginning that with the on-going breeding success and upscaling of production, revisiting the feed programme to balance out nutritional profiles and adjust formulations was necessary to keep track with the maturing industry.

Cooperating with Havlandet and getting access to the newest generation of Atlantic cod fry, represented a great opportunity to start a benchmark trial series and investigate the growth performance, health status and product quality of Atlantic cod reared under standardised, optimal environmental conditions in our own RAS-facility (figure 4).

Impressive growth rates

After the arrival of the Atlantic cod fry and adaption to the

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 47

CS system, we split the stock into two lines being fed with either Aller Aqua’s feed programme or competitor’s feed. The trial series started with fish of 0.5g individual weight and feeding was done via belt feeders. Twice a day, all uneaten pellets were removed from each of the tanks and counted. Based on the amount of uneaten feed, the feeding ratio for the next day was adjusted in a way that the fish were not able to consume all feed.

Thereby, we made sure that the fish had constant feed supply and were fed to satiation, lowering the risk of aggressive or cannibalistic behaviour, and ensuring that we achieve maximum growth rates and an equal management for all treatments during the trial series.

During the first two weeks of feeding, the fish grew with impressive growth rates of approximately eight percent of bodyweight per day and after two months the fish reached the 25g mark, while showing high survival rates and a good feed conversion (figure 5). Those results already indicated the progression of Atlantic cod breeding during the last two decades and this trend was only confirmed after switching to grower feeds (figure 6).

After 6 months, fish fed Aller Aqua’s cod feed had an average individual weight of 300g and by the time writing this article (9 months into the trial series) the cods are advancing towards the 1kg line, proving the claim that the fish can reach market size within two years.

Figure 4

Figure 5 Figure 6

Would cats eat aquaculture cod?

Due to license issues and limited knowledge, farmed Atlantic cod during the 2000’s showed high prevalence of bone deformities and some media in Norway started calling them “monster cod”, resulting in negative press for the producers and culminating in the claim of fishermen, that caught netcage escapes, “that not even the cat would eat them” (source: Atlantic cod aquaculture: Boom, bust, and rebirth? Nardi et al., 2021).

In fact, the level of deformities of farmed cod has already been significantly improved prior to the collapse of the industry in the late 2000’s. The introduction of functional vaccines lowered the amount of jaw deformities, and spinal deformities are mostly avoidable by optimal nutrition, careful handling, and stable environmental conditions. Additionally, grading of fish stocks in the earlier stages of development will drastically reduce the economic losses due to deformities.

Obviously, it is not possible to lower the number of deformed fish to zero, but our trial results show that the times of ‘monster cod’ are long gone. Even in our ungraded cod stocks, the quantity of fish showing severe deformities are close to being comparable with longtime established aquacultural species such as rainbow trout or Atlantic salmon, independently from the feed that they received during the trial series (figure 7).

showing heavily inflamed tissue, especially in the mid-gut, finally leading to the death of fish. As this malfunction is not visible from the outside and affects mainly larger fish, grading is not an option to reduce the economic losses.

As farmers are responsible for the well-being of their fish, and losses due to mortality significantly lower the revenue of the industry, broader attention has been drawn to this issue in recent months.

One of the current theories is related to the length of the midgut, as an extended mid-gut might have been one of the outcomes from the breeding selection, that initially led to the improved

Intestinal health and liver size

If you ask the experts from Havlandet or Norcod, the biggest remaining issue of cod-farming is the intestinal health.

So called ‘intestinal loops’, ‘gut knots’ or ‘gut wrenching’ are a severe problem that cause a blockage of the gut while 48 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Figure 7

Figure 8

growth rates of farmed Atlantic cod. A team of researchers from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) began a project (FORCOD) in early 2023 to investigate the problem and comparing the intestines of farmed cod with those of their counterparts from wild populations.

At Aller Aqua, we are paying close attention to this issue as well but have not yet seen any signs of the extensive problem that has been reported by our Norwegian colleagues. So far, the intestinal health appears to be intact (figure 8), and we can currently only speculate whether this is due to the constant conditions of the RAS, the early adaption of the fry to our system or other aspects like ozonisation or the absence of parasites.

Another hot topic is the size of the liver. One of the main differences between salmonids and the Atlantic cod is the storage of excessive energy. While salmonids can store fat in their muscle tissue, Atlantic cod store it in the liver and thus the Hepatosomatic index, the relation of liver size to total weight, can reach values of more than 15 percent. It is therefore important to not only take the feed conversion into account when it comes to calculating the economic benefits of a given feed, but to look at the head-on-gutted-weight (HOG) as well.

Our trial results so far not only suggest that feeds with a higher digestible energy significantly outperform lower energy diets in terms of growth and feed conversion, but also that the slightly reduced slaughter yield does not justify the usage of lower energy feeds. As liver size might play a role in the prevalence of intestinal inflammation of Atlantic cod and could be an indicator for reaching the ceiling of growth potential, we are constantly working on finding the optimal nutritional balance in accordance with the preferred feeding strategies of the cod-farmers.

Conclusion and outlook

Unlike the last ‘cod adventure’ the (re-)entering of Atlantic cod into the world of aquaculture happens in a more eventempered manner, although the circumstances, for example improved cod strains and farming techniques, far less deformities, higher larval survival rates, and the availability of feeds tailored to the specific needs of the species seem to be just as promising.

We are convinced that this approach, without rapid decision making and overheated financial reactions, can only benefit the organic growth of the cod-farming industry, and will help earning the trust of consumers. The progress of the last 10 to 15 years is truly astonishing, and we are eager to keep supporting the industry by sharing our knowledge and providing high quality feeds that fulfil the needs of cod-farmers.

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 49

Industry Events

Status updates for industry events amidst global effects of COVID-19 2023

2023

2024

January

12-14 VICTAM Asia 2024 Bangkok, Thailand https://victamasia.com

30 - 1 IPPE 2024 Atlanta, Georgia, USA www.ippexpo.org

November

1-3 Aquaculture Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan, www.aquaculturetaiwan.com

17-21 116th Annual Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association North Carolina, USA www.shellfish.org/annual-meeting

13- 16 AFRAQ - Aquaculture Africa Lusaka, Zambia www.was.org

19-21 AQUASUR 2024 Puerto Montt, Chile www.aqua-sur.cl/en/

14 - 17 Fenacam Natal, Brazil www.fenacam.com.br 20 - 22 VIV MEA 2023 Abu Dhabi www.vivmea.nl

2024

19 Aquaculture Extrusion & Nutrition Conference Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. bit.ly/aenc23

February 14 - 15 Aquafarm 20 24 Pordenone, Italy www.aquafarm.show 18 - 21 Aquaculture America 2024 Texas, USA www.was.org

2024

March 3-7 World Fisheries Congress 2024 Washington, USA https://wfc2024.fisheries.org

Aquaculture development and investment Aquafeed Extrusion and Nutrition Conference will be held at VIV MEA 2023. It is a one-day conference centred on the topics of the production and extrusion of aquatic feed along with the nutrition and farming for fish and shrimps. Covering a variety of topics within aquafeed, this conference will provide knowledge, solutions, and research for everyone in the aquaculture.

5-7 19th North Atlantic Seafood Forum Bergen, Norway, https://nor-seafood.com 10-12 Seafood Expo North America Boston, USA www.seafoodexpo.com

20-23, VietShrimp Ca Mau City, Vietnam https://vietshrimp.net/ 2024

April 23-25 The Global Seafood Marketplace Barcelona, Spain www.seafoodexpo.com

To sponsor please email: Tuti Tan – tutit@perendale.co.uk For more information on the conference please email: Shannon Parsons – shannonp@perendale.co.uk 22 Build my Feedmil Abu Dhabi,UAE millingandgrain.com /companies/build-my-feedmill/ 2023

December 7-9 Seafood Expo Eurasia Istanbul, Turkiye https://seafoodexpoeurasia.com 12 - 15 AlgaEurope 2023 Prague https://algaeurope.org

Live session: October 5, 2023 São Paulo Brazil

TRAINING FOR MILLERS www.onlinemillingschool.com

50 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

Aquaculture Europe 2023

by David Harvey and Jyothsna Nelloolichalil, International Aquafeed, UK Aquaculture Europe 2023 (AE23) was successfully held in Vienna, Austria, from September 18 to 21 2023. Held at the Messe Wien Convention Centre, the four-day B2B show hosted over 140 companies at the event as well as over 2200 individuals from around 80 countries, especially those within the European community. This year’s edition of Aquaculture Europe also had more than 540 oral presentations for those in attendance to enjoy, many of which relating to the theme of this year’s event ‘Balanced Diversity in Aquaculture Development’.

The three-day exhibition was all about highlighting the potential for aquaculture to further grow sustainably utilising the opportunities that lie in diversity. Global Aquaculture production is dominated by only a few dozen species and therefore more efforts are being made in recent years to promote species diversity within aquaculture in order to make sure that it continues to contribute to Sustainable food systems. AE23 provided a great opportunity for the industry to come together and discuss new and innovative ideas to address these challenges as well as discovering ways to improve solutions that have already been found within the aquaculture industry.

Alvaro and Dario Cleofe, Liptosa

Opening ceremony and EAS Awards

The first day of the event started with the EAS Board meeting which was followed by exhibitors move in.

At 6 PM in the afternoon, the opening and award ceremony started. EAS honored László Varadi for his lifelong commitment to pond farming in Central and Eastern Europe. Honorary Life Membership of EAS is an award given to those who have made a significant impact on the development of European aquaculture.

Since 1981, EAS has given this award to very few people who has made significant contributions to the industry.

Grand Fish feed team at EAS23 Biorigin team at EAS23

Plenary sessions and student spotlight awards

Special events will be arranged for students attending

Robert Tillner, Aller Aqua

52 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

Evelina, Lukasa, Marcin and Dorota at stand of the Polish Sturgeon Fish Organization promoting the fishing sector. The program financed by EU funds with the assistance of the Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, is aimed at support participation in the conference on Innovations in Modern Fish Production.

AE2023 to enable networking and exchange of ideas. These include a student workshop and a social reception for attending students. The student spotlight awards were one of the highlights of the event. Three tudents were shortlisted – Ricardo Domingo, Marina Pampin and Daniela Ressende.

Ricardo Domingo won the Student spotlight award and all the finalists were certificates for participation. The young researchers’ work was selected from around 130 papers submitted by students to the Aquaculture Europe 2023 conference.

The Plenary session were held from the second to the final day of the conference.

Notable plenary sessions

• Balanced diversity and the responsible use of global resources to produce healthy food by József Popp, John von Neumann University Hungary • Breeding for Resilience – Are we ready? By Antti Kause, Luke and Morten Rye, Benchmark • Moving aquaculture to more sustainable, healthier and affordable production, an investor viewpoint by Lissy Smit, Aqua Spark

Innovation Forum and other seminars

Aubert Faivre, faivre International Aquafeed team with Anders Nielsen, Aquaculture Sales Manager, Hydrotech

Holger Kuhlwein, Leiber Matthias Mayser, Brabender

Amine Chaabane, Marion Allaqua of Phode with IAF team

On the third day of the event there was the Innovation Forum on the theme of ‘balancing diversity within aquaculture and the wider blue economy.’ This involved short presentations and pitches with the goal of bringing together a broad range of stakeholders in order to share their knowledge and unite it all together so that the collaborative efforts may lead to innovation which can benefit the entire sector. The Innovation Forum consisted of more than 15 talks/pitches, followed by a networking opportunity for all those participating and in attendance.

The grand fish feed seminar was held on September 19th for fish feed users as well as others interested in methods used to create a wide range of high-quality aquaculture feeds and their use. Dr. Scott Snyder of Zeigler Brothers, Dr. Mohamad Said and Joe Kearns of Grand Fish Feed reviewed nutritional, production and final product characteristics and expected results these production feeds.

Trade show and networking

Numerous companies exhibited at the event.

International Aquafeed was fortunate to visit many stands which showcase their latest innovations.

Some of them were Hydrotech, Biorigin, Liptosa, Singapore Feed Association, Brabender, Aller Aqua, Phode, Leiber, Faivre, Varicon Aquamonitrix, Pannonia Bio, dsm-firmenich, Huvepharma, Gepro, Biofishency, Polish Fish Association etc.

Overall, the event was indeed worth the visit and the plenary session were enlightening. The next EAS event is Aqua 2024, which will be held in Copenhagen on August 26, 2024.

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 53

Industry Events 3-5 October 2023, Saw Victam’s debut event in the LatAm region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This year was the 1st edition of Victam and GRAPAS LatAm in co-location with GEAPS and attracted visitors and exhibitors worldwide at the Expo Center Norte, red pavilion.

As the worlds largest dedicated event for the animal feed processing industries, this years LatAm event looked to focus on the opportunities in Brazil and surrounding countries. Launched in parallel with GRAPAS LatAm – an event for grain, rice, soy, and flour milling and processing.

Additionally, Victam partnered with the North American Grain Processing and handling association, GEAPS. GEAPS launched their event in co-location with Victam and GRAPAS. All three events provided a great opportunity for visitors to experience everything related to feed, grain processing, and handling. The founding companies that made this event so special are Andritz, CPM, Famsun, Wenger, Zheng Chang.

The exhibition was held from 1pm-7pm each day, covering processing technology, ingredients and additives, grain, and rice processing – a truly unmissable

Victam LatAm 54 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

show for the decision makers of these industries. Of those attending were CEO’s, Directors, Nutritionists, feed formulators, and management, among many others. Victam focused on holding high-quality industry conferences and business matchmaking with colleagues and clients, with the main business activities being the animal feed industry (57%), Aquafeed and petfood industry (22%), and Grain, flour and rice industries (21%).

Walking the halls, visitors could witness all the latest developments in the industry, and network with valuable

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Hydronix left to right: Neal Cass, Alejandro Espejo, Tim Statler, Gema Fontana

Sefar Yegin and Mesut Yegin on the stand of Yenar

Leandro Masía, LATAM a manager for Balaguer Ro

Joe Kearns and Tuti Tan taslking to Obial Grain storage systems:

Joe Kearns and Thomas Runde on the Tietjen Stan

Grain Technik Left to Right: Rafaela Mariani, Dr Anna Vega, Pari Mamallan TMS - Hatice Özçelik, Maury Sampaio and Joe Kearns

Joe Kearns and Travys Woodside

Joe Kearns and Ed de Souza, Wen PLP Systems left to right: Gonzalo Girelli, Marco Prati, Fernando Vieira, Jonny Rodrigues

Frigortec: (Left to right) Reinhard M.J. Kappins, Johannes E.Kolb

56 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events contacts. Impressive technology was on display, from extruders to VR, the latest developments in ingredients, additives, manufacturing and process feed for animal, pet and aquatic were also highlighted, alongside the latest tech for grain and flour milling.

Milling and Grain Magazine saw many familiar faces, including Hydronix, Yenar, Grain Technik, Tietjen, Chief, Wenger, Frigortec, PLP systems, Famsun, CPM, Andritz, and Zhengchang (among many more). VICTAM provided many an opportunity for networking, including a Cocktail evening the second night, after the exhibition, which was a fantastic chance to talk with more exhibitors/visitors in an informal setting.

Each morning an elaborate conference program and number of technical seminars took place simultaneously in the same venue, from 9-4pm, which were carefully tailored to suit the topics of interest. Perendale Publishers held 3 conferences as a part of this: the Pet-Aqua feed production conference, Feed Milling Maximised, Online Milling School LIVE. The conferences were a great success, it was great to see the rooms filled to capacity as visitors learnt more about feed/grain production from industry experts.

Milling and Grain Magazine will be covering these three conferences in more details in the following editions, with information on the speakers and topics covered, as well as future conferences to attend.

The Next edition of Victam LatAm will be in 2025, September 16-18, at the White Pavilion, Expo Centre Norte, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We look forward to seeing you all there!

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International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 57

Victam LatAm was held from 3-5 October, 2023 in São Paulo, Brazil. This year was the first edition of Victam and GRAPAS LatAm in co-location with GEAPS, and attracted visitors and exhibitors worldwide.

VICTAM insights - November 2023 | 58

insights

The Victam events are by far the world’s largest dedicated events for the animal feed processing industries.

The exhibition was a ‘one-stop’ show for the decisionmakers within these industries. Visitors that attended include CEOs, Directors, Nutritionists, feed formulators, and management The event also focused on a series of high-quality industry conferences and business matchmaking with colleagues and clients.

The next Victam LatAm will be in September 16-18, 2025 at the White Pavlion Expo Center Norte, São Paulo.

VICTAM insights - November 2023 | 59

aquafeed.co.uk/web/companies Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group).

Aerators

Drum filters

Conveyors Faivre + 33 3idah 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: myaqua.info/JEzZ

Air products Kaeser Kompressoren +49 9561 6400 www.kaeser.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/okuN

Additives DSM +43 2782 8030 www.dsm.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/uJDB

Cablevey Conveyors +1 641 673 8451 https://cablevey.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/EKbO Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com myaqua.info/aXKo

Computer software Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/mSNu

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/qREy

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SAS Laboratories Phode +33 5 63 77 80 60 www.phode.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/XtAr

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Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1610

Faivre is a French company, and one of the world leaders in the conception, manufacture and production of aquaculture machines.

Since 1958, thanks to their knowledge of the market and strong experience in aquaculture, Faivre has developed high quality products to satisfy all of your needs, from one product to the full installation.

Strength, effectiveness and simplicity are the qualities of their production. myaqua.info/JEzZ

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60 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

Elevator & conveyor components

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Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/qREy Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl PROFILE: myaqua.info/loTI

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Pulverisers Grand Fish Feed +202 20 650018 www.grand-aqua.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/mqSu

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TECHNOLOGY

SOLUCIONES DE ALIMENTACIÓN AUTÓNOMAS

Comprender el comportamiento de los peces para alimentarlos manera más de eficiente

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6 - Julio

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International

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International Aquafeed - Årgang

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Organiske syrer og essensielle oljer øker tarmhelsen for regnbueørret

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TAKING CONTROL OF WATER TREATMENT: The sustainable way

International Aquafeed

THE NORWEGIAN SALMON EYE: A floating exhibition devoted to aquaculture

25 - Issue 9 - September 2022

Moisture analysers

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

25 - Issue 3 - Marzo 2022

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Fish counters

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Tietjen Verfahrenstechnik GmbH +49 4106 6333 0 www.tietjen-original.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/wiyw

International Aquafeed - Volume

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/zQxZ

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International Aquafeed - Volume

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Symrise https://aquafeed.symrise.com PROFILE: myaqua.info/fEOD

Pellet mill

Feed Mill

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Palatability enhancers

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61 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

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62 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

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In Animal Nutrition and Health The DSM Animal Nutrition and Health business group offers customers a true end-to-end portfolio of products, solutions and services for sustainable and profitable animal farming. The company’s three dedicated business lines cover Precision Services, Performance Solutions + Biomin® and Essential Products.

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- Sustainable fish ingredients: How cereals are being valourised & repurposed for aquafeed

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DSM use their bright science to deliver positive transformations at scale for as many people as possible today and for generations to come, operating within the constraints of the world’s finite resources. DSM aim to redefine how they live and work in order to create a fairer, more prosperous and more sustainable society.

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Royal DSM is a global, purpose-led company in Health, Nutrition & Bioscience, applying science to improve the health of people, animals and the planet. DSM’s purpose is to create brighter lives for all. DSM’s products and solutions address some of the world’s biggest challenges while simultaneously creating economic, environmental and societal value for all its stakeholders - customers, employees, shareholders, and society at large. DSM and its associated companies employ approximately 23,000 people around the world and deliver annual net sales of about €10 billion.

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63 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

the interview Benedict Standen, Head of Aqua Marketing, dsm-firmenich, Austria

Benedict Standen is the Head of Aqua Marketing at dsm-firmenich. He obtained his PhD from University of Plymouth in 2015. My primary role as Head, Aquaculture Marketing Global, is to engage with internal and external stakeholders to define and drive the global aqua strategy, support product and pipeline management and coordinate marketing efforts to position DSM as the partner of choice for sustainable aquaculture solutions.

You have a rich career in the industry. What initially lead you to this field?

Growing up in Southeast England by the sea, I have had a deep admiration and respect for the ocean from an early age. This led me to study marine biology at university where I was introduced to the aquaculture industry. I saw this sector as a growth opportunity to better utilise our marine living resources, whilst tackling key global challenges such as overfishing and food security.

Sustainability is a pressing concern in aquaculture.

Could you share some insights into dsm-firmenich’s efforts to promote sustainable practices in aquaculture and the impact it has had on the industry?

Feed in aquaculture contributes up to 80 percent of the footprint of animal production and is our area of focus at dsmfirmenich. Our feed enzyme portfolio allows users to extract more from less, improving feed digestibility and contributing to the reduction of effluents. In addition, and with some minor dietary reformulation, our own experience demonstrates that feed enzymes can reduce feed cost by 8-12 USD/ tonne, a very welcome benefit for our customers in the current ‘global polycrisis’!

In addition, dsm-firmenich has developed new, industry leading, single-cell proteins that offer producers a net-zero carbon protein whilst diversifying the raw material basket. As well as being a protein powerhouse, they are decoupled from traditional agriculture inputs e.g., fertilizer, land use, etc.

To improve your environmental footprint, you need to measure it! Sustell® enables aquafeed manufacturers and farmers to measure their full life cycle assessment and evaluate footprint reduction strategies. Together with our customers, we have developed specific Sustell® modules for salmon and shrimp, with more to come.

What advice do you have for individuals aspiring to enter or advance their careers in aquaculture management, based on your own experiences and insights?

Do it! The aquaculture industry is remarkably diverse and exciting. My key advice for those wanting to enter or advance their careers in aquaculture management is to stay open-minded, flexible, and open to new challenges and experiences. We recently held a student workshop in our Austrian research centre, and I was surprised that so many students had ambitions to study for a PhD. There is no doubt that this qualification can open some doors (as it did for me), but I would also make the case that academic titles aren’t everything – practical experience, positive personality and a hunger to learn are equally important.

In terms of global aquaculture, are there any specific regions or countries that you believe hold significant potential for growth, and what factors contribute to their promise as emerging aquaculture hubs?

In recent years, shrimp in Ecuador has consistently shown double-digit growth. Conversely, shrimp volumes in Southeast Asia remain largely flat or even shrinking. To overcome slowing momentum, the industry needs to address the current health and disease issues to achieve a consistent harvest.

According to Rabobank, salmon volumes are forecast to grow five percent in 2024, though the Norwegian tax changes may bring uncertainty and encourage growth in other regions (e.g., Iceland, Faroes) and production systems (e.g., RAS).

Consumer preferences are changing towards alternative protein sources. How can the aquaculture sector, in collaboration with companies like dsmfirmenich, contribute to meeting the growing demand for sustainable and protein-rich seafood?

Aquaculture is already well-positioned to produce sustainable, affordable and healthy protein. dsm-firmenich combines the essential, desirable and sustainable to support the industry in meeting growing demand.

Food safety and nutrition are essential. Here we are working across the value chain to produce nutritious seafood whilst reducing our reliance on antibiotics and preventing feed contamination. In this way, the risk of antimicrobial residues and mycotoxins entering the food chain is vastly reduced.

Health benefits of seafood go beyond protein alone, so by working with feed manufacturers we can optimise other important aspects in the diet, such as EPA/ DHA and vitamins D and E, improving the nutritional value of the final product.

Fillet quality, taste & colour contribute to end-product desirability. Consumers eat with their eyes first, so by improving the physical appearance of seafood can help drive demand.

Carotenoids are responsible for flesh pigmentation in salmon and shrimp, ensuring precise and consistent coloration.

Sustainable production ensures that we can fulfil the nutritional needs of a growing population, within the planetary boundaries.

Where do you think the industry will be in 50 years?

I hope the industry continues to develop for the good of people, climate and nature. Sustainability and transparency will be a pre-requisite, not a ‘nice to have’. The need to provide enough animal protein for a growing population, while reducing the environmental costs of farming will require smart science and innovative solutions. The sector will need to increase production efficiencies, in part, through intensification and technification. Automation will also be key in the transformation of the industry, and it is likely to become more prominent as technology rapidly evolves, streamlining processes across the food supply chain.

Feed formulations will also continue to evolve, specifically reducing our reliance on marine resources and with a focus on more sustainable and local raw materials. I believe, we will see continued investment and true scalability of novel ingredients, allowing them to become more cost competitive and widely adopted.

Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal protein sector. It is a diverse industry with opportunities for growth across various species and geographies.

64 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

International Aquafeed - November 2023 | 65

THE INDUSTRY FACES Simatek hires Jim Brown as North American Sales Coordinator Danish manufacturer of continuous bucket elevators, Simatek Bulk Systems A/S are now represented in North America.

As of June 1st, Jim Brown is the company’s North American Sales Coordinator responsible for organising their distributor network across the US and Canada.

Jim has many years of experience with conveying solutions, and he will support the relationship between Simatek Bulk Systems A/S and appointed dealers.

“We have been looking for the right candidate to take on this role and we are delighted that we now have Jim onboard” says CEO Christian Andersen. The intension is to establish a dealer network in North America among different industries.

With more than 40 years’ experience in the conveying business, Simatek Bulk Systems A/S offer a concept which stands out from traditional solutions: a US patented Simatek Drum Feeder that fills every bucket up to 90 percent without spillage. The drum feeder also eliminates the need for overlapping buckets which reduces operational breakdown significantly.

Simatek’s bucket elevators are used all over the world in various industries, mainly the aqua feed, pet food, pharmaceutical and food industries.

The trū Shrimp Companies Inc appoints Brian Knochenmus as President & CEO The trū Shrimp Companies, Inc announced today that its Board of Directors has appointed Brian Knochenmus to lead the company as President & CEO in addition to his current role as Chairman of the Board. Knochenmus will be tasked with achieving trū Shrimp’s next milestone of launching a commercial-scale production facility in Madison, SD. Having spent the previous 25 years of his career with Ralco Nutrition Inc in roles ranging from production, marketing, Vice President, and most recently, President & CEO, Knochenmus brings his experience, vision and understanding of technology, food and manufacturing. trū Shrimp was born a division of Ralco, out of a vision that Knochenmus had for revolutionising the way shrimp are grown.

“I am thrilled to step into this role and bring to completion our dream of building a fully-integrated chitosan and shrimp business,” said Knochenmus. “Opportunities like this come along once in a lifetime. What we are building is new to the world, and perfectly aligns to demands for breakthrough medical technologies and a high-quality, responsible food supply. As we approach the final phase of commercialising this amazing technology, the work has only intensified. I’ve felt for some time that the need to add resources and begin to divide the work.”

Current President & CEO Michael Ziebell has assumed a new role as Chief Operating Officer, running the day-to-day operations and further growing the customer base for trū Chitosan and trū Shrimp, thereby allowing Knochenmus to focus his energy on raising capital and charting the course for future growth.

“Over the years, I’ve greatly appreciated Brian’s leadership as board chairman. We share a common vision for this company and a passion for creating products that are sustainably produced and fill voids in the markets in which we operate,” stated Ziebell. “This really is a key moment for our company. With Brian stepping into the role of President & CEO, and the continuity I can provide in my new position, I have never been so confident in our future.”

AFIA’s Huddleston earns a PCQI Lead Instructor Recognition The Food Safety Preventive Controls Alliance (FSPCA) named the American Feed Industry Association’s (AFIA’s) Gary Huddleston, director of feed manufacturing and regulatory affairs, as one of its top ten instructors in the country for Preventative Controls Qualified Individual (PCQI) training for animal food.

The announcement, made during the FSPCA’s annual conference, happening this week in Burr Ridge, III, recognised Huddleston for the number of participants trained and FSPCA Preventive Controls for Animal Food certificates issued between Aug 15,2022 and Aug 15, 2023.

“This award signifies AFIA’s deep commitment in ensuring the safety of the animal food supply and Gary’s excellent ability to share his knowledge and experience with manufacturers so they can create and manage robust animal food safety plans,” said Leah Wilkinson, AFIA’s vice president of public policy and education. “This is crucial in today’s world where animal food safety is paramount, and regulations impacting feed and pet food manufacturers are constantly evolving. We congratulate Gary for his dedication and a job well done.”

66 | November 2023 - International Aquafeed

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