APR 2022 - International Aquafeed magazine

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

CASE STUDY

A stable silicic acid (bioavailable silicon) product trial in Thailand

International Aquafeed - Volume 25 - Issue 4 - April 2022

- Particle measuring & analysis: Improving the grinding process & product quality in all types of feed mills - The benefits of using insects in aquafeed - Project Sentry - A resident autonomous aquaculture cage inspection system

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April 2022

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crustaceans remain higher in fishmeal and fish Are we up to the task-in-hand? It’s clear the oil, but their fishmeal and fish oil inclusion Ukrainians are, in their stoic and committed rates decreased by one-half to two-thirds over defence of their country and liberty against a the period. much larger aggressor.

For shrimp, there has been a major global When I ask if we are up to the task-in-hand, shift in production away from black tiger I’m really asking have we considered how shrimp to the more omnivorous whiteleg we will respond to the fallout from the war in shrimp. Breeding strategies for salmon and the east of Europe and the pending impact on trout and improvements in feed ingredient food prices? quality and formulation have permitted much Are we up to coping with said fall out, Roger Gilbert higher inclusion of plant protein concentrates minimising the outcome of that conflict Publisher – International Aquafeed in feed, says Nature. on the production of farmed fish for our and Fish Farming Technology We are certainly dependent on terrestrial populations whilst at the same time, giving grains and related cereal price fluctuations than ongoing support to those who have stayed to we might not have been in the past fight and to aid and house those who have been displaced?

Fish and farmed fish products in particular are no longer a luxury food product but have become nutritional staples and a welcome So where do we look to produce more with less? option in filling household diets. We supply an essential food We will have to focus more on our ‘alternative protein sources’ product to consumers. including insect meal and other sources such as single-cell proteins, Why am I flagging this up? particularly those that encourage a more circular economy in our We just need to look at energy prices and transportation cost food production systems. We will have to focus on fish processed increases, which were already pressurised by the pandemic, leading by-products and trimmings more as a valued resource. We should the way in price increases. Inflation is gaining momentum as well also be looking at animal by-product proteins in a new light. and food prices are experiencing increases, albeit fish prices are still We will also have to look more closely at ways to improve our at the bottom of the price increase ladder. production performances through the use of big data.

We are now seeing grain price increases as a result of this month These topics are addressed in this edition of International long war now that there are reduced supplies coming out of both Aquafeed. We will be focusing on insect and other novel feed the Ukraine and Russia. These restrictions are beginning to bite. For ingredients on a regular basis and reporting on how we can improve example, here in the UK, at the beginning of April, we have seen efficiencies and FCRs through the application and analysis ot egg prices in local supermarkets rise by 30-plus percent as farmers the data we are now collecting. Our focus needs to be on feed absorb the higher feed costs associated with higher raw material production costs and advising our farmers on how to get the best costs. from that feed - if they aren't already!

We should be preparing for a similar increase in fish feed costs and expect a carryover impact into seafood product prices.

Decisive weapons But how do we minimise the impact of rising costs when demand The current situation reminds me of a documentary series I for our particular foodstuff continues to rise? There is no complete once saw on TV called Decisive Weapons. It was a series of answer but producing more with less is a starting strategy. investigations into what brought about an outcome of a critical We have moved away from the use of fishmeal in diets in and strategic battle and how the ‘decisive weapon’ used was dramatic fashion over recent years to the point where fishmeal usd developed. Almost all of the weapons featured were conceptualised is essentially for the development of juveniles and in achieving and developed prior to the war in which they are used took place. specific outcomes for fish entering specific markets.

The weapons I recall included: The Samuari sword which played a As a result we are using much more terrestrial-produced protein pivotal role in defeating Genghis Khan: the Springfield rifle with its sources, from peas and beans through to soybean and corn more accurate and longer range achieved from rifling in the barrel derivatives as concentrated proteins that go a long way to replacing that altered the course of the American Civil War; the Harrier Jump fishmeal.

Jet used in the Falkland’s War, plus several others.

It is worth noting that in Nature’s ’20-year Retrospective Review It will be developments already underway that we should focus of Global Aquaculture,’ between 1997-2017, the volume and share on to improve FCR. We should be encouraging alternative protein of freshwater fish produced with compound feeds, such as fed useage in producing the quality feedingstuffs we need, while carps, tilapia and catfish, increased substantially, but FCR also making improvements in management that will get the most from improved. the feeds produced, to carry us through the critical times ahead.

Meanwhile, fishmeal inclusion rates dropped for these species Producing fish products that consumers can still enjoy at to one to two percent, and there is almost no fish oil used in most affordable prices should be our target over the coming months and types of freshwater aquafeed. possibly years and be as determined as the Ukranians in achieving Compound feed types for marine and brackish water finfish and that goal.

See our special report concerning the impact of the war in Ukraine on global aquaculture, written by commodities industry expert John Buckley See the full report on page 8

www.aquafeed.co.uk

NUTRITION & HEALTH We are facing many global challenges today and of course the terrible events in Ukraine are leading the news presently with hardships to their population and immense pressure on the global economy.

This negative interaction on the international markets, especially in the energy sector, has resulted in huge hikes in oil and gas prices affecting all of us, in many walks of life.

capabilities to undertake more simple feed ingredient assessment using established and uniform protocols to generate good data to disseminate.

In terms of aquaculture resources, I’m in constant touch with the Netherlands in my non-executive role with MatureDevelopment BV based in the Hague with my good friend colleague Paul Robert van der Heijden Professor Simon Davies and who liaises with European Networks and Nutrition Editor, International Aquafeed global operatives such as with the legendary Roy Palmer of the Association of International Consequently, we are experiencing this Seafood Professionals, Australia and for organisations that promote spring, rising food prices and disruptions in the supply chain aquaculture with no barriers on a global basis. for many vital commodities such as grain like wheat, barley, rye These friends put aquaculture and seafood into practice and have and extending to rapeseed where Russia and Ukraine have been been very helpful to me over the years with much experience of leading exporters. Of course, this has implications to daily items governance and capacity building. like bread, cakes and biscuits but also will cause significant Holland being a major supplier of biotechnology and biosciences effects to our animal production industries worldwide. for crop production especially in greenhouses are also pioneers Already we see that the Indian Rupee has lost value and farmers of hydroponic and aquaponic systems. They are a nation with an in India face high fuel costs for their seasonal harvesting of affinity for the sea and produce mussels and shellfish as well as crops. The problems of exports of fertilizers such as phosphorous freshwater fish species and more recently RAS land production of where Russia is a leading exporter compounds these problems yellowtail Kingfish. and inevitably this will impact on the animal feed industry with For a country of its size, it can put many to shame and we could elevated costs associated directly with commodity prices and learn much from its vision and capacity for innovation. It was a transportation logistics and supply chain dislocation. pleasure to host two Dutch College undergraduate students last We must not forget that a substantial component of aquafeeds is month (Chris de Blok and Roald Sack) at my home in Plymouth to crop based such as wheat, corn, various legumes, grains as well as mentor them on their projects in marine biology. oilseed by-products like soybean, rapeseed, and oils. These need I was able to connect them to current marine biology students to be shipped and dependent on oil prices for container vessels and at my former University of Plymouth and this was great success. important for even fishmeal and fish oil conveyance to the major My professorial instinct has always been to network and create trading hubs like Rotterdam in Europe and to the major Asian opportunities for students and to engage with the younger ports. generations.

In general, feed costs for farmed fish and shrimp will inevitably Holland has been the basis for many new feed ingredient increase and passed on to the consumer. The security of our feed additives and dietary supplements for fish and shrimp, it is also a ingredient and feed supply chain for fish farming will become wonderful example of links to diets for Africa for such species as tested and so it is even more important for countries with tilapia and African catfish as well as other species. It is also the aquaculture industries to achieve further independence and to steer home of Alltech Coppens of course. away from unreliable and costly resources affected by the current My links with the Netherlands includes my warm association world crisis. with VIV in Utrecht and support for me to travel before the The more research and development of novel ingredients pandemic to Asia and China for their aquatic specialised sessions produced locally such as Single Cell Proteins (SCPs), algal held in Beijing, Nanjing and in Bangkok every other year. biomass, yeasts, and microbial proteins, insect meals etc. the less It was thanks to Dutch support that I was able to make such risk we may face to achieve a sustainable and viable aquaculture excellent contacts in China and to enjoy the culture and participate future. However, this is not an immediate solution and as I in the conferences and lead the fish nutrition and feed technology have mentioned on several occasions, we need to scale-up the production of these new potential ingredients as rapidly as possible sessions.

No doubt the science of fish nutrition is evolving and and closer to the main aquaculture production areas. responding in tandem with global geopolitical changes and We do also have various tools we can use to allow flexible feed adjusting accordingly. We cannot isolate our industry from its specification such as Least Cost Formulation (LCF). I have my position within the world of commerce as a vital contribution own version of these rather expensive software programmes to the seafood agenda. It was the great British Prime Minister and very useful to formulate precise diets meeting the nutrient Harold McMillan in the late 1950-s to 60’s who, when asked by requirements of fish and shrimp. a reporter what influenced his policies replied “Events my dear For this purpose, we need robust databases for nutrient levels and boy, events”. digestibility for a broader array of ingredients and commodities.

In aquaculture, we must be prepared to expect the unexpected and Such digestibility data for energy, proteins and amino acids are not be always prepared for events. Have a good spring and remain safe always reliable and certainly vary for many species. and well and enjoy our April issue!

I would encourage educational research institutions who have 4 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY As we celebrated the arrival of the new year a couple of months ago, we thought we saw the end of the Covid pandemic and its dramatic restrictions on travel and business activities, and that the world would return to normal.

Obviously, this means higher freight costs, and it may hasten the development of “short-travelled food”, so more investments in land-based RAS systems closer to the markets, for example.

Imagining a world without Russia

But no sooner were the new year Russia is also a major producer of fish, celebrations over than we were thrown and although the country experienced a Erik Hempel into an even more serious situation: the decline in the years after the collapse of The Nor-Fishing Foundation Ukraine crisis. No doubt this crisis will the Soviet Union, it has slowly re-built its potentially kill a lot of innocent people, fisheries industry and started building a but it will also have an even more devastating effect on business. viable aquaculture industry. To some extent, this development For the aquaculture industry, there will be a series of has utilised technological solutions imported from the West. consequences that may require new thinking and new This will come to an abrupt end, and Russia will have to develop technology. its own technology in the next few years.

Let’s start with the obvious: the energy crisis. During the This means that Russia as a market will be closed to western winter of 2021/22, Europe has experienced a serious energy companies. I have no idea how important Russia is as a market crisis that has led to dramatic increases in energy costs. This has for fisheries and aquaculture technology, but the new situation already caused big problems for a number of companies in the will certainly be felt by a number of companies that have been industry and hurt profitability. doing business with Russia.

Then, the Ukraine crisis came, and we are just beginning to It is difficult to imagine a world without Russia, a world in see the effects of that. Russia is one of the largest producers of which Russia is totally isolated from the rest of us. Those of us energy (oil and gas, primarily) in the world, and as the West who are old enough to remember the early aftermath of World is cutting all connections with Russia, we will feel the energy War II may remember that Russia, along with other communist crunch even stronger. countries, were pretty much off limits to the west for a long Energy costs will continue to skyrocket, and something must time, in fact until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. But we be done. This situation will require innovative technological were still having trade relations with the Soviet Union, and solutions. I have no idea what these innovations will be, but I Soviet fishing companies were quite active in a number of do know they will be necessary. New energy-saving technology countries. will need to be developed all through our industry: in transport, I expect a dramatic change in Russia and Russian politics. in heating, in production, etc.

It may be a violent one, and it may be a long-lasting Another problem that has faced us for some time, and which process. Russia will eventually come back into the world may become more serious as a result of the Ukraine crisis, is community, but it will be a different Russia from what we transport. Covid had caused a shortage of shipping containers know today. as well as air freight availability, and this problem is likely The solution to the Ukraine crisis is of course a matter of to increase now. Russian air space is closed to most western politics, not technology. But for our industry, living with the countries, and this will for example mean that air shipments of crisis may require new technology in a number of fields. A fish from Europe to Asia will have to take a different route than whole new field of opportunities may open up to inventive the trans-Siberian route that is the shortest way. minds!

This month on IAF TV This month sees IAF TV feature a video introduction for Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (AI), which is the new name for Skretting ARC. The company has been renamed and restructured into a complete and multi-functional unit incorporating the global marketing, sustainability and digital teams into its midst. The new unit integrates all aspects of innovation from basic to applied research, to product development to digital innovation and sustainability.

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April 2022 Volume 25 Issue 3

IN THIS ISSUE

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.com Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.com Erik Hempel (Norwegian edition) erikh@perendale.com Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Dr Allen Wu • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan Editorial team Prof Simon Davies sjdaquafeed@gmail.com Andrew Wilkinson andreww@perendale.co.uk Caitlin Gittins caitling@perendale.co.uk Levana Hall levanah@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris Tel: +44 7854 436407 darrenp@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Clarissa Garza de Yta Tel: +52 669 120 0140 clarissag@perendale.com Cristina María Roldán Otero Tel: +44 1242 267700 cristinaperendale@gmail.com Egyptian Marketing Team Mohamed Baromh Tel: +20 100 358 3839 mohamedb@perendale.com India Marketing Team Dr T.D. Babu +91 9884114721 tdbabu@aquafeed.org

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Industry News

42 Technology showcase 46 Industry Events 56 The Market Place 60 The Aquafeed Interview 62

Industry Faces

The Aquaculture case study

38 Stable silicic acid

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COLUMNS 3 Roger Gilbert 4 Professor Simon Davies 5

Erik Hempel

8 John Buckley 10 Brett Glencross

FEATURES 18 Particle measuring & analysis: Improving the grinding process & product quality in all types of feed mills 20 The benefits of using insects in aquafeed: Sustainability, nutritional advantages and what’s coming next

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 26 Project Sentry - A resident autonomous FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY aquaculture cage inspection system 30 Data-driven fish farming - Developing management and treatment strategies for problems like sea lice & disease

THE BIG PICTURE Hauge Aqua’s enclosed technology, the Egget, is designed for industrial fish farm, to facilitate sustainable growth of the industry.

See more on page 25

32 Underwater IoT - The Promise of data analytics in aquaculture

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As the fastest-growing food sector, fed aquaculture species increasingly rely on terrestrial-sourced feed crops, with Russia and Ukraine producing 30 percent of the world’s global wheat exports, for example. Ergo, the conflict between the two nations looks set to have a severe and lasting effect on the aquaculture industry.

Ukraine & Russia's seasonal exports for 2021/22 underway in March, raising questions about the are forecast 24m and 35m tonnes respectively (of size of the next Ukrainian crop (and, like wheat world total exports forecast 208m). Russia's exports & oilseeds/oils), who will actually be exporting are so far running well down versus last year due it, Ukraine or Russia?). to its smaller 2021 crop and its new export quota/ Russia was so far continuing to ship out wheat from duty system. Ukraine so far exported a lot more Black Sea ports but there are questions whether that than last year from its bigger 2021 crop but that's can continue uninterrupted as shipping lines pull now come to a halt. out of the region, freight costs rise (war insurance Ukraine & Russia's wheat markets are heavily premiums) and trade middlemen switch cargoes concentrated in the MENA (Mid-East/North from Russia to other more secure-looking origins.

Africa) region – including world's top wheat Alternative wheat suppliers: Apart from the EU importer Egypt which relies on Russia for 50% & as mentioned above, Australia had a giant crop Ukraine about 30% of its needs (total about 13m which it has not yet fully disposed of. Argentina has Commodities and markets writer tonnes this season). Other big 'Black Sea' buyers a probable record crop. India has had several Include Turkey, Algeria, Syria etc and further bumper crops and a huge stockpile it will try to afield, Indonesia. start clearing into export markets at these now highly remunerative Since (and leading up to) the invasion, countries that bought prices.

Russian/Ukrainian or 'optional origin' wheat expecting it to come The US, although emerging from a period of relatively low from these sources, are now trying to switch to alternative countries, production and stocks, has so far achieved disappointing exports led by Europe (France Rumania, Bulgaria, Germany). (was too expensive, strong dollar, dearer transatlantic freight etc) Ukraine is a pivotal maize exporter. Its 2021 crop was estimated at a so can provide more and is expected to get more demand now record 42m tonnes, exports forecast 33.5m (versus last season's 24m). the world price has soared. Expect more grain to come 'out of the Ukraine is a key maize supplier to the EU. Of the near 11m tonnes the woodwork' from various sources at these record profitable prices. bloc has shipped in so far in 2021/22 season, an estimated 54% has Alternative maize sources. The US is also behind with its maize exports come from Ukraine. If this dries up, the EU (forecast to import 15m – so can sell more if needed to fill some Black Sea gaps. South tonnes in total this season) will be left short, seeking alternatives American crops were less badly hit by the La Nina event that cut its The combination of this lost Ukrainian maize supply and greater soya crops over the past few months and these are now getting into world demand for EU wheat is one reason why the EU grain markets harvest season. are trading their highest ever prices.

While rising sharply in the past month), maize prices are up by less Ukraine also a significant maize supplier to largest than wheat. Outside investors, funds, speculators, are piling into importer China (forecast total imports 26m tonnes). Ukraine tends agricultural markets, enhancing the impact of the (clearly not all to price wheat and maize competitively, sets the bar low for known at this stage) supply/demand fundamentals. Expect that to other suppliers. Russia produced 15m tonnes of maize in 2021, was continue until the conflict situation settles/clarifies – so possibly much expected to export 4.5m. higher prices yet before things peak.

Ukraine ports are now closed, and internal transit of agricultural History shows extreme price spikes in these (and other) commodity goods will be subject to disruption from the conflict. There is markets tend to be relatively short-lived – unlike depressed bear also growing concern that its spring maize and oilseed planting markets that have a long tail (often years). That doesn't mean prices campaigns will be delayed by the fighting. Maize normally gets will likely retreat to anything like 'normal' levels for some time.

John Buckley

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

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Research trials demonstrate effectiveness of low UV doses

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ecent research conducted

by Nofima partaking in the CrtlAQUA project, have shown that there are several benefits from adapting the dose to the pathogen being dealt with. By disinfecting water with ultraviolet light (UV), the lamps involved in this process emit light of a certain wavelength, and of low or medium pressure.

The light waves are capable of interfering with the DNA found in harmful microorganisms. The harder a pathogen is to kill, the higher the UV dose is required. Utilising UV light is costly and requires further examination of applying high doses on harmful pathogens.

Master’s Degree students Kari Justad from the Arctic University of Norway and Miguel Guerreiro from the University of Algarve, Portugal, conducted research at Nofima’s Tromso laboratories. In

collaboration with Nofima technicians and researchers they used two UV Collimated Beam Apparatus to investigate six different pathogens.

Two different UVC technologies of distinct wavelength lengths were used: low pressure and medium pressure, and seawater for the trials was collected at varying depths at two different sites. One was near to a salmon farm, while the other wasn’t nearby to fish farmers.

Results showed that in all trials, 99 percent of pathogens were eliminated by using a lower dose and therefore low cost than required.

“The IPNV is the only one of the five virus and bacteria we have tested that required a very high dose, luckily there is a vaccine against it. All the other pathogens were eliminated using UV doses typically below 10 mj/ cm2,” says Nofima scientist Vasco Mota.

“These results may indicate that International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 9

there is a need to assess the UV doses that are required to disinfect the intake water of aquaculture facilities, which could potentially reduce energy costs regarding UV disinfection,” explains Mr Mota.

“The exception in our trials was the IPN virus which required a high UV dose, but the existence of a vaccine for this virus reduces the need to eliminate it. All the other pathogens were eliminated using much lower doses.”

Water disinfection utilising UV technology has applications in landbased farms, including both flowthrough systems and RAS, as well as semi-closed containment facilities at sea.

“Facilities at sea pose a challenge because of the enormous volumes of water that are used,” says Mr Mota.

“It is not possible to use low pressure UV when working with these amounts of water.”

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University of Stirling major aquaculture research facility receives green light

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UK£17m world-class research and innovation facility at the University of Stirling has moved a step closer, after the ambitious plans were approved by Stirling Council.

The National Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Hub (NATIH), which builds on the University’s internationally renowned Institute of Aquaculture, will bring together experimental aquatic facilities, including a new tropical aquarium, with state-of-the-art laboratories, and space dedicated to business incubation and acceleration.

The Hub is funded through a UK£17m (~US$22.4m) (UK£1 = US$1.32) investment from the UK Government, as part of the Stirling and Clackmannanshire City Region Deal. The Deal is a UK£90.2m investment from the UK Government and Scottish Government in innovation and infrastructure that will drive inclusive economic growth throughout the region.

Regional partners, including Clackmannanshire Council, Stirling Council, and the University of Stirling, will invest up to UK£123.8m, resulting in a Deal worth more than UK£214m, to be delivered over the next 10 to 15 years.

Aquaculture, the cultivation of fish, crustaceans, aquatic plants, algae and shellfish in water environments, is one

Specialist in the design and build of installations for the grain-processing and compound feed industry

of the world’s fasting growing sectors, with an estimated global growth rate of eight percent.

NATIH will position University of Stirling expertise at the forefront of this expansion, delivering and increasing the economic, social and environmental benefits for the industry, and informing modern commercial aquaculture markets.

The impact of this pioneering work will be felt both in Scotland, where the sector has plans to double its output by 2030, and internationally, where the aquaculture sector has a prominent footprint in Africa, Asia and South America.

“This is an important milestone in the development of the National Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Hub,” says Professor Simon MacKenzie, Head of the University’s Institute for Aquaculture.

“There is an enormous role for aquaculture to play in ensuring that the world has a secure and sustainable supply of food.

“The Hub will develop and reinforce a strong working relationship between the University’s researchers and the global aquaculture industry, ensuring that the ideas, interventions and solutions developed will have a meaningful impact where they are needed most, and deliver jobs, growth and prosperity.”

“This is a blossoming stream of environmental research and the University’s work through the City Region Deal investment places Stirling at its vanguard, cementing the city’s reputation as hub of innovation.”

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www.ottevanger.com 10 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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Techano chosen to equip Offshore Farm 1 project

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supplier of advanced load handling equipment for the aquaculture industry, has been chosen by SalMar to equip their ongoing project, the Offshore Farm 1 (OF1). Described by SalMar as the world’s “first offshore fish farm” it strives to produce more fish to meet growing global demand, while ensuring sustainability.

Establishing its position as a supplier of handling equipment for fish farms operating in exposed and offshore conditions, Techano’s involvement in the project comes just before a major upgrade is due, to be carried out at Aker Verdal, Norway, this year.

“Techano confirms its world-leading position as a supplier of advanced load handling equipment in offshore aquaculture,” says Øystein Bondevik, Sales and Business Development Director at Techano, calling it a “growing and important market for the future.”

Techano will be providing two sets of fish transfer systems, the FTS500, which is designed to guarantee safe and efficient transfer of live fish between installations and live fish carrier. It also ensures a high standard of fish welfare, while designed to operate in harsh environmental conditions.

Diana Aqua relaunches as Symrise Aqua Feed

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iana Aqua, a business unit of Symrise Taste, Nutrition & Health, has announced that it has begun operating under a new name.

The producers of functional ingredients and palatability enhancers that help aquafeed manufacturers to develop high performance feeds with reliable and proven solutions will operate under the name of Symrise Aqua Feed.

This rebranding strategy reflects both the evolution of the company as well as its vision for the future. As part of Symrise AG since 2014, the Aqua Feed Business Unit of the Taste, Nutrition & Health segment benefits from the notoriety and resources of Symrise. They will help opening additional markets worldwide.

The rebrand includes the name change, the Symrise logo and a website relaunch. The website will go online in the coming months. It will highlight the product range (Extrapal, Actipal and Nutri) and help to provide a greater

The FTS500 system incorporates safety measures including break away couplings and valve escape prevention valves. In either system, it has two sets of pipes and hoses with individual valves, made of high grade materials.

The valves also have failsafe operation, in cases where there is a loss of power or an emergency disconnect.

Other named companies involved in the project includes Graintec, to supply systems for the distribution of fish feed, FugroOceanor for environmental data and wave calculators, and Morenot Aquaculture, for hull outfitting.

level of communication for existing and prospective clients.

“In 2021, we changed our range and product names portfolio for more clarity and simplification. In the beginning of 2022, we continue our journey by becoming Symrise Aqua Feed,” comments Vincent Percier, Marketing & Strategic Development Director at Symrise Aqua Feed.

This represents the next step toward simplicity and easier understanding of our identity. Our name change reflects our dedication to the aquafeed industry and the endorsement of Symrise, a global brand carrying great visibility, great reputation and strength.”

Sylvain Lacladere, General Manager at Symrise Aqua Feed, adds, “This forms a major milestone for the aquaculture division. Moving from Diana Aqua to Symrise Aqua Feed includes a change of name and also signifies a confirmation of the willingness by Symrise to continually invest on providing innovative and sustainable solutions to our customers all around the world.

“We will start writing a new page and I feel excited to set out on this adventure.”

International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 11

Figure 1. Global aquafeed production and fishmeal use by aquaculture from 2000 to 2020. Source: IFFO 2022.

Brett Glencross Marine ingredients maintain a strategic role …but we need additional bulk nutrients for aquaculture growth

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ver the past twenty years we have seen unprecedented growth in the aquaculture production sector and predictions are for this to continue. In 2020 global aquaculture production was around 63 million tonnes per annum, using about 52 million tonnes of feed.

Based on the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) estimates for aquaculture production out to 2050 we could see aquaculture production more than double and reach yields of 140 million tonnes.

However, this will also mean that feed production needs to at least double to over 100 million tonnes during this time.

But where will we get the feed ingredients to sustain that? It is well known that marine ingredients have played a critical role in supporting this growth by being the foundational ingredients that underpinned the development of feeds for the intensification of the industry worldwide.

However, it was known back in the 1990s that the raw material (fishery) capacity of marine ingredient production was finite and consequently a lot of work was initiated on developing various alternative ingredients for use in aquafeeds.

Despite the progress in that work, marine ingredients, like fishmeal continue to be used in aquafeeds.

In fact, the total volume consumed by aquaculture has increased by more than 30 percent in the past twenty years from 3.0M tonnes to 4.1M tonnes, despite the observation that the feed production for aquaculture during this same period has more than trebled (Figure 1).

Strategic ingredients

The effective inclusion of fishmeals over this time reducing from 23% in 2000 to an average of 8% in 2020. So, what is really going on here with our feed ingredient use? In recent years marine ingredients have evolved to be used more as strategic ingredients, empowering formulators to use lower cost ingredients like soybean meals and rapeseed oils to provide the bulk of the nutrients in feeds, while marine ingredients provide those critical nutrients needed for ensuring optimal animal health, vitality, and palatability of the feeds.

While there is some limited prospect for increasing marine

Figure 2. Carbon footprint (Global Warming Potential) of fishmeal, fish oil and a range of plant proteins and oils. Data are based on European region (RER) economic allocation basis values. Data from GFLI 2022.

ingredient production into the future through the better use of fishery and aquaculture by-products, the potential volumes are simply never going to be enough to enable us to return to times when marine ingredients were suppliers of bulk nutrients. So, we need a strategy of complementarity whereby combinations of ingredients work together, each serving a different role.

Finding additional ingredients

It has become very clear in recent years that aquaculture is making a strategic use of marine ingredients, leveraging the high-nutrient density and palatability stimulating characteristics of those ingredients to produce those 52 million tonnes of feed.

However, we still need to find additional ingredients to provide those bulk nutrients into the future. From the data in Figure 1, we can clearly see that more than 90 percent of the ingredients used are NOT of marine origin. An analysis of formulations across a range of species shows that plant proteins and oils are now providing the bulk of the nutrients in those feeds, and this is likely to remain the case for some time.

However, recent studies have shown that this use of plant resources worsens the environmental footprint of aquaculture more than if we had stayed with the use of marine ingredients (Figure 2). Additionally, the sustainability of feeding animals on food-grade plant resources like soybean protein and rapeseed oil has also been questioned.

Sustainable options

So, if aquaculture production keeps growing at its current trajectory, what are our most sustainable options? It seems that the future of the aquaculture feed sector relies on a need for an approach with increasing circularity in resource use coupled with the application of some new novel tech to supply the bulk nutrients required to sustain that growth.

However, the challenge here remains as to how we can effectively implement these technologies at a scale to sustain the rate needed to provide those nutrients AND to deliver this at a cost-point competitive in the marketplace based on their nutrient density.

Dr Brett Glencross is the Technical Director of IFFO - The Marine Ingredients Organisation.

Over the past 25 years he has worked in various academic, institutional, and industrial roles across Australasia, the Middle East and Europe.

12 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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Aquaculture

Training

Online Milling Schools return for Spring 2022 editions Online Aquafeed Production School and Livestock Feed Milling Management courses for their Spring 2022 Editions Following a break over the festive season, April 2022 sees the long-awaited return of both the Online Aquafeed Production School and Livestock Feed Milling Management courses for their Spring 2022 Editions.

The new editions will be presented in its now familiar format of two hours of related material to the topic delivered by selected industry experts, followed by a dedicated question and answer session, with the latter segment allowing participants to interact live with the program facilitators.

Developed by Progressus Agrischools and presented in partnership with Perendale Publishers Limited, these courses are formulated specifically to help attendees to build an understanding of the design, development, and operation of an aquafeed and livestock feed production plant, covering the entire range of products used in this industry.

This goal is achieved through twelve two hour long weekly sessions featuring industry experts who share their extensive knowledge relating to feed ingredients, the equipment used, as well as providing a general nutritional review.

These industry experts possess centuries of combined industry experience of includes Joe Kearns, whose experience in our industry includes decades in senior roles at Wenger manufacturing.

Wisdom & reliability The Spring 2022 edition of Online Aquafeed Production School sees Mr Kearns take over the role of lead presenter, a role that he will no doubt deliver with the same level of professionalism that has seen him earn a solid reputation throughout his career for wisdom and reliability.

Online Aquafeed Production School will enable interested individuals to understand the possibilities and developments over time with regards to what can be produced, as well as examining how all aspects of the process interact in order to achieve and maintain a successful standard of aquafeed production.

Basically, there are four areas of importance for aquafeed production; ingredients, equipment used, how it is operated, and the desired final product specifications. All aspects interact as each affects the other as the nutritionist makes the formula, sales or the customers define the desired end product while the production needs to perform efficiently.

Communication between these areas and the interactions between them will vastly increase the chances of producing positive results, including excellent aquafeed produced with acceptable margins.

It’s not too late to enrol The Aquafeed Production School is running every Tuesday, from April 19 to July 12, 2pm Bangkok time and 9am CET. For those based in the US and Latin America, sessions begin on April 21 and conclude on July 15, 9am Chicago time.

The Livestock Feed Milling Management School is running every Wednesday, from April 20 to July 13, 2pm Bangkok time and 9am CET. For those based in the US and Latin America, sessions begin on April 21 and conclude on July 15, 9am Chicago time.

The course certification is very beneficial for the workplace, as it both signals an attendee’s interest in the industry and demonstrates an acquisition of the knowledge that they’ve gained whilst attending the program.

To enrol on the Aquafeed Production School course, be sure to visit https://aqfeed.info/e/1393 for more information.

To enrol on the Livestock Feed Milling Management School course, be sure to visit https://mymag.info/e/1392 for more information.

Why attend OMS | Livestock and Aqua Feed Production?

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EMC scholarship fund to support WVU students The American Feed Industry Association's (AFIA) Equipment Manufacturers Committee (EMC) is proud to partner with the Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) and West Virginia University (WVU) on a new scholarship that will support WVU students pursuing careers in the feed or grain sciences industries.

Named in honour of Joel G. Newman, previous AFIA president and CEO and 1971 graduate of the Davis College's program in animal and nutritional sciences,

the EMC scholarship will provide US$3000 annually in financial assistance to students.

“When we look at the future of food and agriculture in the United States, we know the challenges that lie before us are many, but not beyond our reach,' says Mike Schuster, AFIA Board chair and IFEEDER chair elect.

“By reaching out a hand and supporting the next-generation workforce through the EMC scholarship program, we enable today's best and brightest to be tomorrow's changemakers.”

Administered by IFeeder, the EMC scholarship fund has grown since its inception in 2009. It now provides 14 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

annual scholarships to students at seven universities, including Auburn, California State Polytechnic, Iowa State, Kansas State, North Carolina State, North Dakota State and West Virginia.

“I am so pleased that that this scholarship will expand the development of next generation leaders for the food and agriculture industry,” says Mr Newman, who retired in 2019 following a 48-year career in the agriculture and food industries.

“Under Dr Joseph Moritz's leadership, Davis College graduates have found further education and employment opportunities throughout the industry and this investment in students will multiply this opportunity.”

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Made from plant and animal raw materials Propel feeds are made from plant and animal raw materials and include two key ingredients - a unique microbial biomass ingredient called Novacq™ which was developed by CSIRO and licensed exclusively to Ridley in Australia, and a highly digestible land -based animal protein source manufactured by Ridley.

“By the rapid uptake by farmers, you can see how important it is to our industry,” says Kim Hooper, Executive Officer, Australian Prawn Farmers Association.

“Sustainable production is a high priority for the sector, and this technology is a significant break though, this technology allows Australian prawn farmers to meet the standards for sustainable aquaculture set by Best Aquaculture Practices and the Aquaculture Stewardship Council.

“It’s a world first and really puts prawn farmers a step ahead in sustainable aquaculture,” Ms Hooper says.

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ore than a decade of research and significant investment has paid off for Ridley with their world’s first fish-free tiger prawn commercial feed lauded as a step-change by industry.

In 2021, Ridley - Australia’s largest commercial provider of high-performance animal nutrition - partnered with Mackay based Australian Prawn Farms to successfully complete a commercial-scale trial of a breakthrough prawn diet that includes no marine resources.

Capitalising on this experience, Ridley has launched the Propel range of tiger prawn diets this season, which is low in marine resources creating the most sustainable and high performing diets in the Australian market today. At present, 100 percent of tiger prawn farmers have introduced Propel range to their production systems.

In recognition of this achievement, Ridley won the Environmental award at the Queensland Seafood Industry Council 2022 Awards held in Brisbane March 20. Ridley’s Dr Richard Smullen thanked the Council and APFA for acknowledgement of Ridley’s investment.

“Innovation like our Propel diets that supports sustainable production takes time, as well as significant input from our research and industry partners.

“We are proud of the fact that we’ve developed a highperforming product that reduces the need for marine resources in prawn feed, and allows for a significant reduction in protein levels resulting in a level of nitrogen released to the environment that is sustainable and certifiable by independent certifying bodies,” says Dr Smullen.

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International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 17

Particle measuring & analysis

Improving the grinding process & product quality in all types of feed mills

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by Hang Yin, Senior Algorithm Engineer & Erte Wei, Customer Magazine Editor, Famsun Co, Ltd, China

ontinuous process optimisation and parameter adjustment are a must for many feed mills. Experienced operators can respond to potential production risks in advance and improve quality and yield, whilst reducing production costs efficiently according to product quality parameters.

They often need to inspect product quality and make adjustments based on their knowledge and experience or take samples from the production line and send them to the analysis lab at every time interval every two hours, for example. Then, if the quality parameters exceed their limits, operators must adjust the process accordingly.

Though the traditional practices used to work for decades, we still find it filled with inconvenience and risks of errors due to the heavily depending on operators’ experience. And most of the time, the response always lags behind the problem.

As modern technologies such as NIR, machine vision, deep learning, laser diffraction, and big data develop, many online monitoring tools and measuring instruments are available to avoid the above issues while increasing production performance, efficiency, and quality.

In response to this Famsun’s Research & Development Institute has developed an online system: Famsun Multifunction Online Particle Size Analyzer.

On the occasion of the recent unveiling of this technology, the company says that this system was developed to satisfy the feed manufacturing industry’s needs concerning continuous process adjustment and optimisation for improved quality, yield and efficiency.

Understanding the performance of the hammermill

The Famsun Multifunction Online Particle Size Analyzer is such an instrument and it is developed especially for improving the grinding process and product quality in feed mills. With few amends to the grinding line, the analyser can be installed between the discharge outlet of a hammermill and the inlet of a transporting bucket elevator. A fixed focus high speed camera with a frequency conversion LED captures the image of ground particles that pass through the screen in real-time.

With the real-time photos, the analyser can identify the sizes and the size distribution of the fine particles. Then, the quality data will be reported as a bar graph (see Figure: Particle size distribution report), from which operators can easily understand the performance of the hammermill and the quality of products in real-time.

Switching from traditional methods to online measuring processes eliminates the need for manual sampling and analysis and the associated laboratory costs. The analyser provides real-time quality data automatically 24h a day without human interference. Its reports allow operators to make decisions scientifically.

18 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

Operators can adjust the rotating speed of the grinder feeder and air volume of the air assist system to produce particles of correct sizes and increase throughput as well. That will save many times of trial and error compared to traditional methods.

Since the analyser delivers reports in real-time, operators can identify the abnormal processing conditions and potential risks in advance. Screen brokerage, for instance, can be identified according to the sizes and size distribution of the particles. Changing the screen before it breaks can reduce downtime and prevent a huge waste of raw material, power energy and labour from discarding the unqualified products or re-grinding them into qualified ones.

Suited to retrofitting

If working with an Artificial Intelligence (AI) hammermill from Famsun, the analyser can allow the control system to make adjustments, optimise the grinding process, and give out early warnings on potential risks automatically according to the particle size reports.

The Famsun Multifunction Online Particle Size Analyzer can measure the shape and size of both coarse and fine particles in size distribution between 0.4mm and 6mm – that covers the

grinding requirements of all raw materials in feed mills.

The compact structure allows it to be installed on most types of hammermills available in the marketplace. It is suited for retrofitting existing grinding lines in many feed factories. Its reporting system also ensures a level of traceability for final feed products.

In a word, this piece of equipment can reliably replace many manual measuring and analyses in a feed mill and is a great improver of production consistency and operation efficiency, and better quality. It will contribute to lean manufacturing and the digitalisation of your feed mills.

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The benefits of using insects in aquafeed Sustainability, nutritional advantages and what’s coming next

by Alice Grassi, Communication Manager and Christophe Derrien, Secretary-General, International Platform of Insects for Food and Feed (IPIFF), Bruxelles, Belgium

W

ith the world population expected to exceed 9.7 billion by 2050, food production needs to increase by 70 percent to meet the demand, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO).

In Europe, the protein deficit issue is strongly related to the lack of self-sufficiency in the supply of animal feed ingredients (i.e. high protein materials) in order to respond to current meat protein demands.

As a result, many countries are looking for locally produced food and feed that won’t further pressure our planet and its natural resources. Within this space, new sources of highprotein feed materials such as insects offer great promise.

Being mainly produced in the EU, insect proteins can help reducing the dependency on imported sources of proteins for use by European livestock producers as well as improving the resilience and self-sufficiency of our food supply chains.

This became even more relevant in the context of the war in Ukraine which is expected to have serious repercussions on the European agri-food sector with long-lasting impacts on food security.

So, how is the sector going to meet the growing demand?

What can we find already in the market and what to expect in the near future? Throughout this article, we will provide a concise overview of the latest developments regarding the insect-derived feed ingredients and upcoming trends.

The benefits of insects as feed Sustainability

Its reduced environmental footprint and high efficiency in terms of water and land footprint, all contribute to the sustainability of insect farming. Thanks to the vertical farming techniques implemented, insect farming requires less arable land as insect farmers use ‘crates’ aligned vertically to rear their insects.

Most commonly farmed species are able to absorb the water they need from their substrates. Moreover, insects can also contribute to reducing the burden of food waste, being fed with underused agri-food by-/co-products (e.g. vegetable/fruits/ starch origin) or food no longer destined for human consumption (e.g. unsold products from supermarkets, food products arising from the food manufacturing and being discarded for technical reasons).

Thus, the local production of such feed ingredients not only strengthens agri-food circularity - but it also improves regional self-sufficiency.

Nutritional advantages.

Biologically speaking, insects are not at all new to fish, poultry or swine species: in their natural environment, such animals eat larvae, flies or other insects. In nature, these animals would forage for roots, seeds or insect larvae - characteristics that are also visible in the behaviour of farmed pigs.

These ‘ingredients’ now reappear ‘on their plate’, contributing directly to animal growth, health and welfare (e.g. stimulating their natural behaviour). Scientific evidence confirms that the incorporation of insects in poultry’s diet would reduce aggressive reactions, such as feather pecking (Star et al., 2020). The omnivorous diet of swine species makes them extremely versatile

20 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

and adaptable.

Insect proteins contain all relevant amino acids for animal nutrition - with adequate levels of lysine, threonine, methionine, and tryptophan. In terms of vitamins, the inclusion of insectderived ingredients may complement the lack of vitamin B12 in ingredients of vegetal origin or in organic farming. Ensuring a balanced diet for such animals – that includes ingredients of both vegetal and non-vegetal origin (insects) is key to ensuring better animal performance and higher productivity.

Consumer acceptance

European consumers’ attitude around food is gradually changing - while the demand for a high protein targeted nutrition food is growing. As the need for sustainable complementary sources of proteins is increasing, consumers start to show interest in food that has a lower environmental footprint or health benefits, such as insects.

Consumer perception may also change depending on the regional/national availability and accessibility to insect-based products and the different dietary habits across Europe (Such as: flexitarians, organic food consumers or those following a paleo diet are generally paying more attention to sustainable food sourcing and/or to the health effects of what they eat).

In terms of animal nutrition, we see higher consumer awareness with respect to the benefits of insects as feed. Such consumers also value that insects are part of the natural diet of farmed animals such as poultry, pigs or carnivorous fish.

IPIFF believes that targeted communication towards the consumer- especially on the many advantages (taste, environmental and nutritional) of insects and derived products such as powder and oil is key.

EU legislation and recent developments

The market of insects as feed is dynamic and depends on a series of factors. Among these, the regulatory context played an important role in the European Union. Notably, following the authorisation of insect PAPs in aquaculture (i.e. July 2017), the aquafeed market became the main target for feed business operators (FBOs) - i.e.

Until then, PAPs could have only been used in pet food or technical (non-food/feed) applications (e.g. production of biobased fuels, or other bio-based materials such as bioplastics).

2021 was a year of major developments for the European insect sector. Following the positive vote from the EU Member States in April 2021, the Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1372, formally authorising the use of insect PAPs in pig and poultry feed, entered into force on September 7, 2021.

This authorisation opened two of the most relevant EU animal feed markets, which represent circa 65 percent of the EU compound feed production. Following the entry into force of this implementing regulation, the demand for insects as feed is expected to grow, leading to an increase in the production capacity of the sector.

The authorisation of insect PAPs in poultry and pig feed will offer new opportunities - starting with the incorporation of such ingredients into the diet of such animals, the subsequent use of insects in organically farmed chicken and pigs, implicitly strengthening partnerships between insect and animal farms.

IPIFF estimates that, by the middle of the decade, most of the demand for insect meal will lie in the pet food sector (circa 40-50% of the insect meal produced). Subsequently, the trend

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International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 21

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noticed after the authorisation of insect PAPs in aquaculture feed should continue - leading to a steady increase (reaching 25-35% in terms of share), stimulated by a growing demand for aquaculture products, such as carnivorous fish (e.g. trout, salmon).

According to our forecasts, the next relevant market for insects as feed operators in terms of quantities of insect meal sold will be the poultry (20-30%) and pig markets (5-15%) - that will see a rapid increase following the entry into force of the approval of insect PAPs in 2021.

By the end of the decade (light green in the visual above), the market share of insects as feed produced for the aqua feed market may surpass the pet food market. The other animal feed sectors will represent a similar share to the one from 2025 – however, factors such as consumption patterns (e.g. increasing demand for lower footprint meat – such as chicken) and regulatory developments (e.g. how quickly the insect sector will upscale) may influence this distribution.

Upscaling - what’s coming next?

Following the recent milestones achieved last year from the insect PAPs authorisation in poultry and pig feed, the Novel Food authorisations for edible insects (visit the dedicated webpage at: https://ipiff.org/insects-novel-food-eu-legislation-2/) and the developments of standards for insect frass, IPIFF is committed in unlocking new opportunities for the European insect farmers.

Future possibilities such as the diversification of the inputs authorised as insect substrates (what insects eat) could upscale the insect farming sector. Indeed, up to a third of the food waste generated presently in the EU may be used as insect substrate before it is classified as ‘waste’. Currently, by-/co-products from grains, starch, fruit and vegetable supply chains products are

authorised as substrates for insects.

In the future, the possible authorisation of former foodstuffs containing meat and fish and catering waste would play a key role in upcycling the production capacity of the sector.

IPIFF is discussing with the European Commission services on building/collecting scientific evidence which would allow the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to confirm that the use of these materials as feed for insects to entail safety risks.

In parallel, our organisation supports the objectives of the EU Organic Action Plan in achieving at least 25 percent of the EU’s agricultural land under organic farming by 2030 and a significant increase in organic aquaculture, in line with the ‘Farm to Fork’ strategy.

Locally produced feed and food ingredients, such as insects and fertilising products compatible with the concept of organic farming, such as insect frass, could provide farmers with all the necessary tools and instruments that would allow them to convert to organic systems.

Moreover, the recent regulatory developments, mentioned above, would contribute to develop EU organic standards for insect farming unlocking its full potential towards a more sustainable food system.

Indeed, thanks to the recent PAPs authorisation, insect PAPs may be used up to five percent in the feed ratio of organically produced chicks and piglets.

22 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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The AquaSafe concept also prioritises sustainability and the water safety of planet earth, as well as the health of the fish fed, stimulating their immune system, improving growth performance and protecting them against internal and external parasites.

Therefore, Dibaq AquaSafe is not only supporting and focusing on the safety of the planet - but on the health of its fish too.

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Tech update

Promoting a more sustainable method of fish farming

Hauge Aqua’s enclosed technology, the Egget, is designed for industrial fish farm, to facilitate sustainable growth of the industry. The shape of the tank resembles that of an egg, with 90 percent of the tank being submersed and invisible during operation. The other 10 percent is above the water and filled with ventilated air.

To promote more sustainable methods of fish farming, the egg aims to replace large, circular net pens used today. By collecting fish faeces and uneaten food in the tank, they can be recycled as feed or used as a resource, allowing for an increase in production.

The Egget provides solutions to issues such as salmon lice and escapes, as the design avoids the natural habitat of lice in the top layer of water and the water inlet and outlet is double-secured so that escape is not possible.

25 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Project Sentry A resident autonomous aquaculture cage inspection system

by Riley Kooh, Content Manager, Deep Trekker Inc, Ontario, Canada

Canada’s Ocean Supercluster has awarded two new innovation projects to Deep Trekker, an Ontario based robotics company.

Totalling US$6m this grant will be used to develop Project Sentry, a Resident Autonomous Aquaculture Cage Inspection system, as well as an Autonomous Unmanned Vessel with submersible vehicle flyout for performing inspections and 3D modeling of offshore wind structures.

These projects will help push Deep Trekker’s technology to the forefront of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomy in sustainable industries. “It is important to monitor the integrity of structures in open water to inform decisions of how to maintain these critical assets,” notes Sam Macdonald, President of Deep Trekker “These grants will enable us to create families of unmanned systems that are safer and easier to deploy than ever before.”

nor cost effective and comes with the inherent risks whenever someone enters the water.

Through the use of video, machine learning and AI, resident ROVs will be able to identify where breaches of nets have occurred, as well as determine the position and volume of mortalities in the cage. If a breach or mortality fish is detected, the system will record a photograph and/or short video clip, as well as log the position and depth of the issue.

Additionally, the vehicles can be equipped with sondes capable of holding four simultaneous environmental sensors to monitor for hazardous compounds. Having a constant monitoring system in place ensures that any errors, whether it be net degradation, mort buildup, parasites, or concerning environmental factors are addressed quickly.

What is Project Sentry?

The future of aquaculture inspections

Project Sentry consists of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) stationed in an underwater garage. This ROV will be ready to deploy to conduct inspections and report irregularities on a preprogrammed autonomous routine.

Working in collaboration with partner Visual Defense, Deep Trekker’s inspection system will utilise artificial intelligence and machine learning to reduce the burden on the human operators of identifying defects.

The aim of this project is to have the ROVs consistently monitor the cage in circles, through various trophic levels, without any human intervention. Traditionally, farms would have to inspect nets, anchors, mooring lines, environmental factors, and the stock via divers. This manual method is neither timely

Project Sentry’s mission is to push what is known to be possible for ROV automation. Advances in ROV mechatronics will allow for seamless automatic netpen and environmental monitoring, reducing the workload for existing and future farm staff. Additionally, with in-cage ROVs capable of analysing and reporting complex situations for breaches or morts, the burden of decision making is reduced for the operator.

Project Sentry will also introduce a new digital system for asset inspection and reporting, providing unprecedented location flexibility.

With a completely remote-controlled system, operators would be able to monitor inspection feeds and make informed decisions from anywhere in the world. Previously, ROV operators would be required on site to pilot the vehicle through the manual controller.

26 | April 2022 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Most repairs needed are a result of net handling operations, such as installation, treatments or harvesting.

Addressing these dive-related issues will be an area of focus for the ROV. By implementing a resident ROV, netpens can consistently undergo inspections without requiring any handling.

Not only will direct diving costs be reduced, but the likelihood of human error will be eliminated, along with the risks associated with bounce diving and extended bottom times.

Environmental and Parasitic Monitoring

Beyond net maintenance, inspections are also required to monitor the volume and frequency of mortality fish. Fish mortality can be a natural phenomenon but may also indicate a larger issue with the stock. Global losses of finfish due to parasitism and disease are estimated at US$1.05 to US$ 9.58 billion/year (NIH/NLM, 2017). A uniform and regular inspection process can allow for problems to be addressed early before they escalate to potentially large-scale issues within the stock.

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Environmental inspections of the seabed are not only necessary for the health of the farm, but also its surrounding ecosystem.

A resident ROV can continuously monitor for physical parasites like sea lice and can also be equipped with a variety of environmental sensors to analyse the surrounding ecosystem for potential concerns.

When equipped with heading, depth, temperature, and oxygen sensors, a resident ROV is an extremely powerful tool for understanding the farm’s environment. Deep Trekker has partnered with Aquatroll to integrate their multiparameter sonde onto their ROVs. The sonde can simultaneously carry up to four sensors to monitor potentially dangerous compounds, like chlorophyll or phosphorus. By utilising these ROV add-ons, farmers can regularly monitor fish health, while not meaningfully affecting cortisol levels from handling.

Current methods of inspection include the use of divers, which is expensive as well as risky, or the use of Remotely Operated Vehicles run manually by an operator periodically, either from a boat or at the site of the net. With Project Sentry, this process would be completely automated and controllable from anywhere in the world.

Where ROV automation makes a difference

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production activity in the world. According to the Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance, the aquaculture industry is rapidly growing in Canada.

In 2017, the industry accounted for US$5.4 billion in economic activity, over 26,000 jobs and US$2.2 billion in GDP (CAIA Economic Stability). Fisheries and Oceans Canada has stated as of 2018, there were 894 aquaculture establishments in Canada (Canada’s Fisheries Fast Facts 2019).

Globally, fish consumption has seen an annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, outpacing the global annual population growth rate of 1.6 percent (seafoodsource.com) with projections of a global market size of US$245 billion by 2027 (Aquaculture – Global Market Trajectory & Analytics).

Project Sentry’s first primary target is finfish open cage farming, which is dominated by salmon farming. Smaller sectors include trout, barramundi, cobia and bream. The salmon farming industry alone harvested over US$15.8 billion in 2018 (ISFA Report – 2018).

With rapid growth in fish consumption occurring around the globe, optimising aquaculture operations is a necessity to keep up with increased demand. Automated inspection and reporting, aimed at streamlining operations, reducing costs, and increasing safety is a vital tool to scale with industry growth.

As farms move further offshore and adjust to operating with fewer staff on the actual farm, mechanisation and automation will be a key to maintaining safe and efficient operations. This project will open the doors for the further expansion and innovation of the offshore industry for aquaculture.

The true cost of dive inspections

In Canada, current government mandates require net inspections at a minimum every 30 days, or each time a net is handled to perform fish handling. Traditional inspection methods using divers can cost the farm up to CAD$4000 per day with the ability to inspect 8 to 10 net cages in that time.

For an example of current manual inspection costs, we can look at MOWI Canada East. The company currently operates up to 116 cages on the east coast of Canada. Utilising manual methods, top-end costs can run up to US$58,000 per month and US$696,000 per year. Furthermore, inspections are weather-dependent, forcing delays that can lead to major or even catastrophic breaches.

Resident ROVs would work to drop these sunken annual costs down to the initial fixed cost of each system, plus any minor ongoing maintenance required with any machine.

While a resident ROV may not be completely immune to the elements, they are capable of handling currents of 2-3 knots, whilst simultaneously applying zero risk to any human safety.

With no resurfacing delays or concerns of pressurisation, the resident ROV can drastically increase the daily productivity capabilities.

Project Sentry’s impact on the economy

This project will maintain 448 Canadian jobs and is anticipated to create an additional 59 jobs by December 31, 2027. Additionally, it will directly increase and improve Canada’s digital ocean workforce through the creation of jobs in AI, Machine Learning, cloud-based data processing, mechatronics, and software engineering.

The creation of a caged aquaculture specific AI engine combined with autonomous underwater vehicle technology will also be a steppingstone into other ocean-specific inspection projects and create a standard in aquaculture and general ocean inspection reporting.

The project will significantly increase the digital capabilities of participating organisations by creating a scalable solution that can be applied to a wide variety of underwater inspection tasks.

These industries include environmental monitoring, shipping and ship husbandry, traditional and renewable energy such as nuclear and offshore wind, and more. With minor modifications, the system could also be used in Canada’s defense sector for harbour monitoring and security, damage control, and mine countermeasure applications.

Current timelines predict that the project will be completed in mid-2023. Over the next year, the participating companies will be focused on algorithm development, ROV engineering and design, software integrations and enhancements, as well as testing and data collection/analysis.

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Data-driven fish farming Developing management and treatment strategies for problems like sea lice & disease

by Emily Payne, Head of Content & Sustainability at Manolin, Colorado, USA

G

lobal aquaculture is continuing to grow faster than any other food production system. Farmers are increasingly under pressure to produce more fish—and to produce more sustainably. But despite spending billions on disease management each year, the industry is struggling with fish health.

The average salmon farmer consistently loses between 15 and 25 percent of annual fish stock. Since 2000, intensified production and global trade have exacerbated farms’ risk of pathogens, parasites, and pests, according to a 2021 'Nature' review. Efforts to prevent and mitigate these issues—as well as regulatory demands—often lead to even higher mortality rates.

Fish mortality comes with an economic impact, too.

Slaughtering one million fish early due to disease costs a Norwegian salmon farmer from US$3.4-5.2 million, the Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research estimates. And prices have only risen across species and sectors due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Preventing mortalities

Farmers need to consider information from a range of sources to help prevent mortalities, because many different factors contribute to overall fish health. Management and treatment strategies directly impact problems like sea lice and disease, but it’s difficult to know which decisions will lead to the best outcome. Increasingly, farmers are turning to data analytics to solve this.

In 2021, Norwegian salmon farming company Lingalaks invested in becoming a more data-driven farm, bringing on the Manolin Essentials software platform to monitor fish health.

Since then, Lingalaks has reduced mortality by 41 percent for its two most recent salmon generations. And within the same year, it maintained a low lice count and spent zero weeks above Norway’s legal limit—a significantly better lice performance compared to the surrounding area.

According to Kristian Botnen, Lingalaks CEO, one of the main

reasons for the farm’s improvement is that the production team is catching larger issues before they arise: “We’re acting much more quickly now than we used to,” he says.

An individual data point—such as a single day’s mortality count—has little meaning on its own. But when each day’s mortality number is pulled into a graph, upward or downward trends become clear.

The farm can then make small adjustments throughout the production cycle, rather than acting only when a larger problem has developed. And by automating this process, the team can use time and effort analysing how to raise better fish, rather than manually pulling numbers and reports.

Concrete benefits for farm production

Based in Bergen, Norway, and Colorado, USA, Manolin has built one of the largest aquaculture datasets in the world, which fuels advanced machine learning models that predict early onset of disease with as high as 93 percent accuracy. The company brings each farmers’ production information into one central platform through real-time data integrations with PatoGen, Cognite, Meox, AKVA Group, BarentsWatch, ScaleAQ, Clarify, and more.

Combining this information has concrete benefits for farm production. In human health, it’s understood that a patient with sustained high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, and low rates of cardiovascular exercise has an increased risk of contracting heart disease—Manolin is identifying risk factors for fish in much the same way.

The platform displays mortality trends beside other factors like feeding, lice levels, treatments, etc, to show each farmer’s unique fish health profile. This allows farmers to answer questions like, which variables are contributing most to fish health issues?

“The ability to find lab results, environmental information, and farm data in one place has great potential to improve our production,” Måsøval Fiskeoppdrett Fish Health Manager Andreas Skagøy says in a recent press release. “With this, our team can optimise efficiency, more accurately assess risk, and improve our fish welfare.”

30 | April 2022 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Catching issues before they result in loss

Beyond internal risk factors, Manolin’s models constantly monitor millions of industry and environmental data points.

Member farmers receive an alert when their fish health is at risk due to an environmental anomaly such as low oxygen or low temperature, as well as when a nearby farm has confirmed disease, increased lice, or administered a treatment. Getting this information sooner means catching issues before they result in loss for the farmer.

Importantly, these insights don’t require any hardware or set up.

Each farmer simply gives permission to access their production data, and Manolin sets up secure pipelines to automatically feed all farm information into the platform. After that, insights and alerts are instantly available to the entire team.

Beyond the farm level, data-sharing benefits the entire aquaculture industry. For example, information on the factors driving fish health issues is anonymised, pooled together, and fed to machine learning models, which predict fish health risk at any farm in the region. As these technologies access more information, their insights become even more accurate and precise, fueling more and better tools to help farmers protect fish.

And as more farms digitise their productions, the industry can not only benchmark performance across areas but also benchmark the performance of farm products like feed, vaccines, and equipment. With this, farmers can better understand their return on investments and continue to optimise management strategies.

As the industry continues to grow and improve, protecting fish health while maintaining both economic and environmental sustainability will be critical. The tools to enable this for each farmer start with better data management.

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by Kristin Elliott, Aquasend, USA

Underwater IoT

The Promise of data analytics in aquaculture

by Glenn Chamoff, Vice President, Sales & Channels, Sightline Systems, USA

I

“You may not think IoT is for aquaculture. As it turns out, IoT analytics has plenty to offer fish farmers and the animals they raise," - Sightline Systems.

f you follow Internet of Things (IoT) you know how much it’s changing industries. Devices collect data, then analytics platforms turn that data into insight, often with an Artificial Intelligence (AI) component that enables powerful predictions.

So, you’ve got predictive maintenance eliminating unplanned downtime on production lines, smart automation cutting costs across the facility, supply chain visibility tracking shipments from production to the consumer’s door, and more. The optimisations are endless. Still, you might be wondering how IoT could affect something so complex as aquaculture.

What happens when your product is a living creature, swimming away in the briny deep? You may not think IoT is for you. As it turns out, IoT analytics has plenty to offer fish farmers and the animals they raise.

Here’s the story of how today’s IoT systems are improving aquaculture, from the hatchery to your dinner plate—and how that relates to the industrial IoT you already know and love.

Sending IoT below the waves

Successful plant farmers know the ideal nutrient levels for each stage of crop growth. They use measurements to adjust fertiliser, which optimises soil productivity. With IoT analytics, fish farmers do the same. Think of it as preventive—sometimes even predictive—maintenance for the scale-and-fin set. IoT systems give aquaculture professionals the visibility they need to do the following: - Keep fish healthy. IoT systems track animal health and the environmental factors that impact it, allowing farmers to adjust conditions for happier and healthier fish.

- Decrease time to market. Predictive analytics helps farmers adjust water conditions and feed levels to keep fish growing as quickly and safely as possible. This leads to faster harvests, and in turn, to higher profits.

- Reduce waste. IoT analytics platforms tell farmers when they overfeed. They also predict how much the fish will eat based on temperature, health, time of year, and other factors. All that adds up to less waste and a stronger bottom line.

- Comply with environmental and foodsafety regulations. Healthy fish don’t need antibiotics. Well-fed fish don’t leave feed to rot in the ocean. Data analytics help aquaculture operations comply with

32 | April 2022 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

sustainability laws, and the reporting that goes along with them.

- Predict future outcomes. AI-powered predictive analytics foresee everything from fish growth rates to environmental threats like algae blooms. This gives farmers the knowledge they need to make smart business decisions at every step of the aquaculture lifecycle.

A Deep Dive into Aquaculture IoT

Now, that all sounds great, but it leaves one important question: How? Well on average, it takes about two years to grow a salmon from egg to market. Plus, those years are not without risk. Farmers grow salmon in coastal pens, which is to say in the ocean.

That’s a much less controlled environment than your average factory. Still, familiar IoT approaches can help create better processes and a richer harvest—just with more specialised devices and an eye on some unique data points.

Here’s the anatomy of an aquaculture IoT system (which does wonders for the anatomy of the fish):

Join the fish revolution

Sensors collect data in the water

Take our ocean salmon fishery as an example (but rest assured inland fish farms use similar IoT solutions). Buoys float in fish pens, dangling cables strung with sensors that measure environmental factors at various depths within the water column.

Common measurements include: - Water temperature - PH levels - Salinity - Oxygen saturation Meanwhile, cameras and infrared sensors keep an eye on fish activity below the waves. While some sensors track environmental data, others collect information on the animals themselves, including: - Fish size - Feed consumption - Swimming speed These IoT cameras aren’t just collecting this data as an aggregate. The speckle patterns on a fish’s hide are as identifiable as your thumbprint. Software uses these patterns to recognise individual fish, tracking data as granular as the sand on the seafloor.

But all this data is useless without connectivity, which acts as the force that puts the ‘internet’ in ‘internet of things.’

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

range of cellular towers, so a lot of ocean-based IoT relies on satellite connections. Another exciting option is to use connected buoys, which can transmit data over radio frequencies to create a localised network.

In the best-case scenario, these connections provide real-time data—but even near-real-time transmission allows farmers to respond to changing conditions much faster than a pencil and a clipboard, the traditional alternative.

Either way, all the IoT sensors discussed above send their readings to a server on the edge. Those servers classify the data.

Then, they move it along as quickly as possible to the final stop in our tour of the aquaculture IoT system: the analytics platform.

Providing end-to-end insight

Collecting data isn’t enough. To really optimise a process, you also need analytics—including AI models that combine disparate data points into a single accurate prediction. The best analytics software for aquaculture will do a few things at once. It will: - Maintain a real-time (or near-real time) database of measurements, drawn from IoT devices.

- Use AI models to predict future metrics, from optimal feed rates to fish growth rates.

- Provide push notifications when water or health conditions go

out of spec—or even start to trend in that direction.

- Offer strong data visualisations that communicate real insights to farmers.

- Centralise all these monitoring tools in a single-pane-of-glass dashboard.

Platforms that can do all these things are available, but we left one important feature off our list: You want your aquaculture analytics system to provide end-to-end insights. That means it maintains data across the entire aquaculture lifecycle.

Providing full supply chain visibility

A farmed fish’s life begins at the hatchery, where farmers track the data points we’ve already discussed. Measurements are easier there; farmers are dealing with indoor tanks, not the open sea. But when mature fish move to the farm, the data visibility continues.

Once they’ve reached the right size, the fish travel, alive, to the processing factory, where production machinery itself collects even more data. From there, fish products get packaged and shipped to market, sending updates along the way.

An ideal analytics solution tracks data at every one of these stages, providing full supply chain visibility. That way, if something goes wrong with a certain batch, the farmer can track down the exact source of the problem. If regulators ask for more compliance reporting, it’s just a few clicks away. And every shipment of sustainably grown fish is properly labelled, so consumers know they’re getting an authentic product. Visibility gives fish farmers control, even long after their product leaves its watery home.

That concept will be familiar to anyone who knows industrial IoT. The value of visibility is not unique to aquaculture, which is, after all, just another industry—one that’s getting better and better thanks to IoT innovations.

In short, IoT and data analytics deliver serious business insights.

Underwater or on dry ground, imagine what that could do for your operation.

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TECHNOLOGY SH Innovations this month April 2022 This month’s product showcase features products from companies who exhibited at Aquaculture 2022 which ran in San Diego from February 28 – March 4. The products featured are all related to keeping water quality to a high standard, as fish farmers are able to measure CO2 and utilise UV technology.

If you would like your product or service to appear in this section in a future edition of International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine, then please contact us at editorial@perendale.co.uk.

Pro-Tect UV Systems by RK2 Systems Pro-Tect UV Systems have durable, non-corrosive 80 PVC reaction chambers. The 80 PVC is more robust in comparison to polypropylene models and offers significant cost reduction compared to 316 stainless steel.

The system utilises a single end lamp and quartz sleeve access, to simplify maintenance and reduce the cost associated with operating a UV system. The sensor for this is located in the lamp bulkhead or endplate, ensuring that critical sealing components don’t overheat.

Other benefits of its design include easy removal of lamp cables without the risk of damage, an o-ring seal that allows for easy changing of sleeves without the risk of breaking, and an over temperature safety cutoff. www.rk2.com

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HOWCASE OxyGuard CO2 Portable Analyser The OxyGuard CO2 Portable is a reliable and easy to use instrument that is designed to measure free dissolved carbon dioxide concentration in the water. It is the free dissolved CO2 or, the CO2 gas partial pressure, that affects the fish.

The analyser consists of a probe and battery powered transmitter.

The probe measures the carbon dioxide content of the water directly by detecting the pressure in the water and isn’t based on a pH measurement.

The battery powered transmitter has a display and analogue signal as output, whilst the probe is delivered with a 3m cable.

It also has calibration accessories such as a calibration beaker with stirrer, calibration fluid, calibration conditioner and dosing syringe, which are all included. www.oxyguard.dk

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The Lifestar MV Series also has a modular corrosion resistant glass filled polypropylene (GFPP) housing and strainer basket to ensure flexible installation and ease of use.

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International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 37

CS

Aquaculture case study

STABLE SILICIC ACID

A stable silicic acid (bioavailable silicon) product, SiliFish® enhances growth performance response of Pacific Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under farm conditions in Thailand

by Dr Noratat Prachom, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand, Prof Dr Simon J. Davies Harper Adams University, United Kingdom & Dr Henk-Maarten Laane, Rexil Agro BV, The Netherlands

As aquaculture expands globally with a total annual production that now provides more than 50 percent of total seafood contribution per year, there is growing pressure to meet this demand sustainably.

Total global aquaculture seafood production reached over 86 million tons in 2019, and was valued at US$180.2 billion in the same year, with production anticipated to reach US$224.2 billion by 2022. The shrimp sector alone was worth US$39.24 billion in 2019 which is projected to attain US$54.6 billion by 2027, with a CAGR of 9.2 percent from 2022 to 2027.

Shrimp is a core species and is a large sector of the industry and highly profitable. It is therefore imperative that production of shrimp is environmentally sustainable. Much effort is being directed to improve feed quality and meeting criteria concerning the health and welfare of farmed shrimp and more notably strategies to combat established and emergent diseases that have significantly constrained production in many regions of the world.

One of the most important areas is the use of prophylactic measures involving natural biological and mineral compounds that can augment and stabilise the aqueous environment and act favourably to enhance optimum conditions for shrimp farming.

Various clays and earth metals have distinct properties of use in aquaculture practice and silicon is one such element. These may become rate limiting and essential under many conditions throughout the world for aquatic production.

Amongst the many silicon compounds, only (patented) stabilised silicic acid (bioavailable silicon) is both bioavailable and bioactive for all life forms on Earth. Silicic acid molecules are water-soluble and easily absorbed by almost any animal including fish and shrimp. Mono-silicic acid, the only

bioavailable silicon compound, is a limiting factor in the growth of all aquatic organisms.

Because silicic acid is a very unstable compound, the concentration of this bioactive silicic acid is (too) low. As soon as extra stabilised silicic acid is added to ponds or lakes, all aquatic life will profit: the increased silicic acid concentration stimulates diatoms as well as other related phytoplanktonic organisms and algae, which in their turn causes a bloom in organisms that consume them in the food chain.

It has been shown that in rearing ponds for intensive production, due to the higher growth rate of diatoms, the water quality will improve as well as many toxic metabolites being mitigated as density increases within optimum concentrations of biofloc generation with the presence of bioavailable silicic acid.

One such commercial product SiliFish® (patented bioavailable silicic acid with micronutrients) is used for stimulation of aquatic life including diatoms and resulting in a higher growth rate together with better health for farmed aquatic animals such as shrimp and fish.

This silicic acid technology is based on stabilised silicic acid formulation, with amongst others small silicic acid molecules, a technology being used in the last decades for agriculture with impressive results on yield and quality.

An overview of applications of stabilised silicic acid has been described by Laane (2016) for plants. This is equally relevant to aquatic plant life including algae, diatoms and even protists dependent on silicon in their metabolic processes.

Supporting the immune system

This new technology developed for use in shrimp and fish hatcheries, nurseries and grow-out farms have many other

38 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

CS attributes. It may also support directly or indirectly the immune system and would effectively create 'robust' shrimp. It is imperative that we achieve resilient shrimp in the coming decades where bacterial and viral diseases create immense global problems and where specific pathogens, and epidemics can rise.

These offer a new opportunity for the global aquaculture Industry and human food security using natural supplements and additives for intensive production scenarios. There are obvious benefits for sustainable primary and secondary yields creating stable trophic food webs in rearing systems (Davies, 2020).

The product has been proved effective in freshwater and brackish water, tanks, ponds, and lakes in several countries. Over 20 different trials conducted in India from 2017 to 2021 have demonstrated excellent performance in shrimp ponds treated with the product SiliFish®.

In 2021, trials undertaken in Vietnam in three different locations, produced the same outcome. It was observed that significant effects attaining optimal pH to mitigate alkalinity, stabilisation for elevated and consistent dissolved oxygen (6.5 ppm), considerable reductions in ammonia from 2.7 to 0.38 ppm was achievable. Superior performance in shrimp yield (+20%), mean live weight (+13.5%) and a reduction in FCR from 1.68 to 1.41 was recorded during a 135-day culture period under farm conditions.

Since 2016-18, the application of stabilised silicic acid with micronutrients showed increased yields in aquaculture trials. Between 15-26% improvement

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CS in yields and 17-35 percent increases in the survival rate were recorded within intensive aquaculture conditions.

The zooplankton and phytoplankton levels were improved substantially, the dissolved oxygen level was elevated, and the pH values were optimised in the rearing systems with much reduced soluble nitrogen compound concentrations.

The principal research objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the SiliFish® silicic acid application on the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei during a hatchery period (30-60 days), nursing period (20–30 days) and grow-out period of 56 days to cover critical phases.

The study examined several key parameters relevant to the farmer and zootechnical indices defining efficacy and feed utilisation as well as whole-body composition. The latter reflects nutrient assimilation efficiency and net gain.

Two selected concentrations of SiliFish® (zero and concentration as recommended) were used in a hatchery (Governmental hatchery, Samutsakorn province, Thailand), nursing and grow-out period at GAP certified private shrimp farm, Nakorn Pathom province, Thailand.

The recommended concentrations used were 30ml per 100,000-litres water (hundred thousand litres). This equated to 0.5ml per m3 (1000 litres in the pond/lake under circulation by pumping.

In practice, for a pond of one million litres: five bucket applications with water mixed with 300ml SiliFish® product were distributed at different places in the pond at two-week intervals.

EARTHEN POND TRIAL Part 1: Grow-out period and management

An 8-week growth study on Pacific Whiteleg shrimp (1.0 g/shrimp) in duplicate was conducted in a 3,200 m2 earthen pond (100,000 shrimps per 1,600 m2) at the GAP certified private shrimp farm, Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand.

Nakhon Pathom is one of the central provinces of Thailand.

The pond size was 2 Rai (1 Rai is 1,600 m2). Stocking density is 100,000 shrimps / 1 Rai. Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were fed by automatic feeder four times a day according to the farming standard.

The feed was obtained from the Phoka Feed Mill Co., Ltd., Thailand (284/1 Moo 1 Mueang Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom, 73000 Thailand). The bespoke shrimp feed specification was Crude Protein 38%, Crude Fat 7% and diet​ pellet​sizes of 1.5​mm; 2.0​mm; 2.5​mm that were assigned across the trial period to optimise maximum intake.

At the end of grow-out period, shrimp were sampled for the growth and feed utilisation metrics. Water quality parameters were measured three times daily. At the end of the trial, shrimps were assessed for the growth performance and immune response status as described below.

Part 2: Growth and feed utilisation parameters

Growth performance and feed utilisation parameters were as listed below: • Survival rate (%) • Final body weight (FW): Total biomass • Body weight gain (WG) • Feed consumption rate (FI): Total feed used • Feed conversion ratio (FCR) • Average daily gain (ADG) • Specific growth rate (SGR) • Protein efficiency ratio (PER) The trial operated under the optimum parameters and water quality criteria for L. Vannamei according to the available scientific literature as listed below and monitored daily at the farm facilities. Water parameters conformed to the optimum profile for shrimp production as measured daily with the following average values: • Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6.8-7.0 mg O2/L • pH 6.8-7.0 • Water temperature (degrees Celsius) ​29.0-30.0º C • Alkalinity​150​mg/L • Ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite <0.1mg/L • Salinity (in farm used, standard 5 ppt.). Measured average Salinity​4​ppt.

A very significant elevation in total biomass

We report integrative results and discussion that comprehensively describes the trial to evaluate the effect of a propriety product namely stabilised silicic acid (SiliFish®) on the growth and feed utilisation of Litopenaeus vannamei under experimental pond conditions.

A specific farm was located for the trial with GAP certification (Good Aquaculture Practice) compliant with high standards of husbandry, care, welfare, and hygiene status. The private farm was situated at the Nakorn Pathom province, Thailand.

The results of the growth and feed performance of shrimp subjected to the experimental treatments are displayed in 40 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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Photo 3: Image of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei sampled on termination of the growth trial (8-weeks) evaluation. On the right (control group) at an average weight of 9.48g on the left shrimp (exposed to silicic acid, SiliFish®) attaining 12.49g mean weight.

Graph 1: Depicts the response to treatments graphically showing the marked improvements in both mean final weights and SGR of L. vannamei exposed to silicic acid in ponds after the 8-week period.

tables 1&2. These show a very significant elevation in total biomass and mean body weight of animals at the end of the trial period (mean weight of control 9.48, and 12.49 for the silicic acid product). The SGR (Specific Growth Rate) defined as the mean daily live weight gain (%/day) also reflects the much higher and significant effect of silicic acid addition to rearing ponds.

Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) is a measurement of gain of biomass per unit of protein intake and reflects the conversion

efficiency of dietary protein conversion in gross terms. It is evident that from Table 1 there is a marked increase in PER showing that silicic acid has enhanced the protein conversion from 1.42 to 1.76. Survival levels of L. Vannamei increased by 11.5% and was deemed significant.

Table 3 presents the data obtained of the effect of the Silicic acid product on the whole-body composition of the shrimp.

Total body protein increased from 18.31% in the control group

Graph 2. Feed Conversion Ratio and Protein Efficiency Ratio of Shrimp for control (untreated) and silicic acid treatment.

42 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

CS to 20.02% for the silicic acid treatment shrimp.

This is a significant elevation of 9.33% elevation.

Whole-body fat increased from 0.44 to 0.76% for the silicic acid shrimp group (an increase in fat content of 72.7%).

Graph 2 shows the clear elevation in performance of key feed utilisation parameters indicative of increased feed efficiency for bioconversion and protein efficiency relative to gain (FCR & PER). This is confirmed by the direct measurement of the protein retention as APNU (Apparent Protein Utilisation) in Table 1 & Graph 3.

This calculation is based on the final body composition and the initial body content of protein using the N*6.25 conversion factor and relative to protein intake during the 8-week assessment. We see that the control group shrimp retain 27.2% of dietary protein compared to a significant elevation to 36.4% for the group exposed to the silicic acid product.

In Graph 4, we can observe a significant increase in shrimp survival rate under the ideal and stable conditions of the farm. It should be noted that no disease state was identified throughout the trial and all shrimp were healthy.

This is especially important that even healthy shrimp can benefit in terms of reduced mortality with silicic acid addition to their environment under normal conditions and husbandry.

Table 1. Growth performance of cultured Pacific Whiteleg shrimp at two different concentrations of silicic acid Without silicic acid

With silicic acid

P-value

Total biomass (kg of harvested shrimp)

Growth performances

710 ± 6.24 B

1,047 ± 208.25 A

0.024

Final weight (g/shrimp)

9.48 + 0.49

12.49 + 2.46

0.053

1.18 + 0.05

0.001

Feed conversion ratio

1.46 + 0.02

B

A

2.94 + 0.05 B

3.21 + 0.20 A

0.044

Average daily gain (g/day)

0.09 + 0.00

0.12 + 0.02

0.053

Survival rate (%)

62.6 + 3.8 B

69.8 + 4.5 A

0.049

1.42 + 0.02

1.76 + 0.08 A

0.001

36.4 + 1.4 A

0.000

Specific growth rate (%/day)

Protein efficiency ratio Apparent net protein utilization (%)

B

27.2 + 0.1 B

Different superscripts in the same row means significantly different (P < 0.05)

Table 2. Economical values: Feed Conversion per Gain (FCG, USD/kg of shrimp) of cultured Pacific Whiteleg shrimp at two different concentrations of silicic acid.

Economical values

Without silicic acid

With silicic acid

P-value

1.61 ± 0.02 B

1.30 ± 0.06 A

0.001

FCG (USD/kg of shrimp)

Different superscripts in the same row means significantly different (P < 0.05)

Table 3. Whole body composition of cultured Pacific Whiteleg shrimp at two different concentrations of silicic acid (% as is basis) Whole body composition

Without silicic acid

Moisture

With silicic acid

P-Value

76.39 + 0.51

76.54 + 0.29

0.344

Protein

18.31 + 0.24 B

20.02 + 0.17 A

0.000

Fat

0.44 + 0.11 B

0.76 + 0.08 A

0.008

Ash

2.65 + 0.16

2.86 + 0.30

0.170

Different superscript in the same row means significantly different (P < 0.05)

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Graph 3. Apparent Net Protein Utilization of shrimp for untreated (control) and silicic acid treated ponds.

For several of the silicon compounds on the market only the (patented) stabilised silicic acid is bioavailable and bioactive for biological systems. Silicic acid molecules are water-soluble and easily absorbable by almost any animal including fishes and shrimps and thus augmenting their mineral accumulation during maintenance and growth. Silicic acid, in its bioavailable speciation, is a crucial element for the growth and support of a healthy immune system in aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

When supplemental stabilised silicic acid is added to ponds or lakes, aquatic animals and plants show enhanced performance and feed utilisation efficiency. This can be via natural uptake of bioavailable silicon (silicic acid) into a complex food web that contributes more natural food for shrimp as well as the feeding of commercial formulated diets.

This extra source of nutrition will greatly improve the FCR and protein assimilation as the present results have shown. Other experiments have confirmed that diatoms and various types of zooplankton benefit from bioavailable silicon (silicic acid) favourably to generate diatoms and zooplankton populations and biofloc mass in suspension.

Additionally, due to the higher growth rate of diatoms, the water quality will improve and enabling higher shrimp growth capacity.

The efficacy of the benefits of silicic acid for aquaculture is much higher compared to the results of other silicon compounds since all other silicon compounds are not bioavailable. This is well documented in agriculture.

The economic and fiscal benefits of using the silicic acid commercial product SiliFish® are shown in Table 2. There is a clear profit margin based on economical values such as Feed Conversion per Gain (FCG, USD/kg of shrimp). By adding silicic acid to shrimp rearing ponds under these conditions, the cost of feed for gain could be reduced by some 30 cents per kg of biomass. For a 10-tonne shrimp farm this could equate to a US$3000 profit for the farmer.

Significantly improving shrimp performance

The value of this commercial silicic acid (bioavailable silicon) product SiliFish® to growers, farmers, and the agri-tech industry at large, requires more education to disseminate this knowledge

Graph 4. Survival of shrimp for each experimental treatment showing based on cumulative mortality during the experimental trial.

to a global level where intensive shrimp are cultured at an everexpanding rate.

This specific and independently controlled study in Thailand clearly demonstrated that SiliFish® can significantly improve shrimp performance as measured by standard aquaculture metrics. These results are consistent with previous studies on the Pacific Whiteleg shrimp in India and Vietnam, which enhances the reliability of the results of this study.

It should be noted that the results of this study were recorded under optimum farm conditions of husbandry and environmental standards of practice. The product would show considerable advantages in enhancing shrimp production under less than favourable conditions by improving and stabilising water quality and external nutrition sources from primary and secondary trophic systems and particularly for maintaining a biofloc rich environment.

Further research is needed to validate the use of the product under wider production conditions and different types of facilities such as in closed tanks, raceways, and various salinities. Research is also required to obtain more data and supportive evidence on shrimp health and their physiological/ metabolic responses to silicic acid addition to the culture systems.

The major problems may concern the description and nonclassification of silicon type products by agricultural agencies, customs, and other regulatory authorities. The results presented in this report confirm its undeniable value for the tropical shrimp industries and will greatly assist to provide evidence of efficacy for its use in practice.

(References are available on request)

44 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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Industry Events

Status updates for industry events amidst global effects of COVID-19 23-25 Aquaculture Philippines 2022 Manila, Philippines www.livestockphilippines.com

2022 2022

April 26-28 Seafood Expo Global/Seafood Processing Global 28th Edition Barcelona, Spain www.seafoodexpo.com

2022

2022

September 1-3 Taiwan SMART Agriweek 2022 Taipei, Taiwan www.taiwanagriweek.com 4-6 Fish International 2022 Bremen, Germany https://fishinternational.de

May 3-5 Aquaculture UK 2022 Aviemore, Scotland https://aquacultureuk.com

7-8 Seagriculture USA 2022 Portland, Maine, USA https://seagriculture-usa.com

24-27 World Aquaculture 2021 Mérida, Mexico www.was.org/meeting/code/AQ2022

13-15 SPACE 2022 Rennes, France http://uk.space.fr

25-26 Aquafarm 2022 Pordenone, Italy www.aquafarm.show

22-23 Aquaculture New Zealand Conference 2022 Nelson, New Zealand www.aquaculture.org.nz

25-27 Agritechnica Asia 2022 Bangkok, Thailand www.agritechnica-asia.com 31-2 VIV Europe Utrecht, The Netherlands www.viveurope.nl 31-2 Victam International 2022 Utrecht, The Netherlands www. victaminternational.com 2022

27-30 Aquaculture Europe 2022 Rimini, Italy www.aquaeas.org

June 29-30 Seagriculture EU 2022 Bremerhaven, Germany https://seagriculture.eu

2022

12-14 Vietstock 2022 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam www.vietstock.org

July 6-8 16th Indo Livestock Jakarta, Indonesia www.indolivestock.com 2022

August 3-5 Ildex Vietnam 2022 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam www.ildex-vietnam.com 10-12 Livestock Malaysia 2022 Malacca, Malaysia www.livestockmalaysia.com 15-18 Aquaculture Canada and WAS North America 2022 St John’s, Newfoundland, Canada www.was.org/meeting/code/WANA2021

☑ See The International Aquafeed team at this event

October

2022

November 9-11 AFIA Equipment Manufacturers Conference 2022 St. Petersburg, Florida, USA www.afia.org 9-11 Ildex Indonesia 2022 Jakarta, Indonesia www.ildex-indonesia.com 15-18 EuroTier 2022 Hannover, Germany www.eurotier.com 29-2 World Aquaculture Singapore 2022 Singapore www.was.org

46 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

AquaFuture Spain

The International Exhibition of the Aquaculture Industry, AquaFuture Spain, closed its doors after a first edition that has achieved great success at all levels. The contest already had to be extended four times to accommodate 152 companies and entities from 23 countries in its exhibition area, the public has also supported the show during its three days of celebration.

Thus, more than 2,000 visitors have passed through the Feira Internacional de Galicia ABANCA venue, a remarkable figure considering that it is a totally professional audience from a very specific sector, in addition to being the first call for the fair.

These attendees have travelled from different parts of Spain, but also from other countries, including Africans, such as Cameroon, whose producers' association has attended the show due to its interest in aquaculture technology.

Valued very positively As for the exhibitors, the vast majority have valued the fair very positively, highlighting that the profile of the visitors has led to interesting business meetings and confirming that they will be present again at the next appointment.

As well as this, there have been many companies in the sector that have visited the fair and have been interested in participating in the next edition, currently ascending to 24 these companies that have facilitated their contact to the organisation to be able to be present at the next AquaFuture Spain.

The next edition will be in 2023 due to these results and because both the exhibitors already present and these companies that have expressed their intention to be so in the future have demanded it.

The objective of this celebration next year is for the event to grow significantly, due to these good expectations, and to consolidate itself, allowing Galicia and Spain to have an aquaculture fair that is known throughout the world.

A proposal of great interest AquaFuture Spain'22, which was inaugurated last Wednesday by the Conselleira do Mar de la Xunta de Galicia, Rosa Quintana, showed the latest in the aquaculture sector, with the presence of industrial supply companies, food, processing, professional equipment, hatcheries, technology and development, software and computerisation, producers, associations, public institutions, publications or training.

Added to this was an interesting program of activities. The round tables held in the Carmen Sarasquete Conference Room stood out, which addressed "Internationalisation and financing and investment tools in Aquaculture", "Clusterisation as an instrument for the competitive and sustainable development of aquaculture", "Towards aquaculture 4.0”, “Optimising the care of aquaculture species: functional and sustainable nutrition as a guarantee of health and well-being”, “Perspectives in mollusc production” and “New trends and innovations for safe and sustainable aquaculture production”.

Also in the Sala Abanca and the Sala Xacobeo, a total of twenty-four presentations by firms from the sector were held, such as those held under the titles "Success stories of science and innovation for the benefit of a sustainable and more competitive aquaculture sector", “ELOXIRAS®: electrochemical technology for the treatment and reuse of marine and saline water in RAS”, "Anching engineering in aquaculture", "Environmental compliance in the aquaculture industry" or “Improving larval feeding is the key to reducing costs”.

Sustainable Aquaculture – Feeding Africa AQUACULTURE AFRICA 2021 Alexandria Egypt • March 25 - 28, 2022 The 1st Annual International Conference & Exposition of the African Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society (AFRAQ2021) Egypt is the biggest aquaculture producer in the continent. Both local and international aquaculture delegates will converge for the event at the beautiful City of Alexandria, the Pride of the Mediterranean Sea.

May 24-27, 2022 Mérida, Mexico

Hosted by

Centro Internacional de Congresos de Yucatán, CIC

Conference Management Exhibits & Sponsors WAS - African Chapter worldaqua@was.org Mario Stael Blessing Mapfumo

Annual global meeting of the World Aquaculture Society

Chapter Founding Gold Sponsor Conference Sponsor www.was.org mario@marevent.com africanchapter@was.org and Egyptian Aquaculture Society (EgAS) AFRAQ 2020 Gold Sponsor

Silver Sponsor

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World Aquaculture Singapore 2022

Nov. 29 - Dec. 2, 2022

Singapore EXPO Convention & Exhibition Centre and MAX Atria

AUG. 15 - 18, 2022

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Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2020 – Annual Meeting of Asian Pacific Chapter, WAS Hosted by Singapore Food Agency Conference Sponsors Temasek Polytechnic, Nanyang Technological University National University of Singapore, James Cook University Republic Polytechnic 3rd International Symposium on Perch and Bass WAS Premier Sponsors

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@WASingapore WASAPC

Associate Sponsors Aquaculture Engineering Society International Association of Aquaculture Economics & Management WorldFish

For details: aquacultureassociation.ca | was.org | naia.ca

For More Information Contact:

Conference Manager | P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 | Email: worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org Trade Show Contact: mario@marevent.com WA 4 show AD 210x297mm.indd 1

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Industry Events Innovation & sustainability key themes at Aquaculture UK

2022

Preparations for Aquaculture UK are well underway for when the sector reunites in Aviemore in early May, with a sold-out exhibition plus a full conference programme, the details of which can now be unveiled.

The line-up of conference speakers reflects not just the scope of the industry but its capacity to adapt, and the focus in the conference tent will be on the advances that have been driving change since the last in-person Aquaculture UK event, held in 2018.

Innovation and sustainability are the key themes of the conference opening session on Tuesday May 3, featuring presentations from the ASC (Aquaculture Stewardship Council), Stirling’s Institute of Aquaculture, and SAIC (Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre).

Alastair Dingwall, formerly Sainsbury’s head of seafood, will outline changes over the past two years at the ASC, where he is senior director of Technical Operations. Dingwall, who began his career in salmon farming at Marine Harvest (now Mowi), has long been an advocate of sustainable aquaculture and will discuss the ASC’s role in ensuring responsible farming.

The Institute of Aquaculture at Stirling University has been at the forefront of the development of aquaculture around the world and the institute’s new head, Professor Simon MacKenzie, will talk about research supporting the industry’s sustainable growth.

Prof MacKenzie will also provide an update on the creation of the National Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Hub in Stirling.

Spearheading innovation in the aquaculture sector is SAIC (Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre), and the centre’s CEO, Heather Jones, and director of Innovation and Engagement, Sarah Riddle, will address the conference on, respectively, the impact of innovation and the funding structure.

SAIC is also hosting a Women in Scottish Aquaculture (WiSA) breakfast, with Teresa Garzon - WiSA chair and manager at fish health consultancy PatoGen - leading the networking event to promote diversity in the workplace.

The conference’s opening session is sponsored by DSM and alternative feed pioneer Veramaris, the company’s Ian Carr, global business development director and Louise Buttle, Director, will introduce a session on how alternative ingredients – such as marine algal oil – can contribute to the sustainable growth of aquaculture.

From Swansea University, Sara Barrento will showcase the practical tools that can be deployed to improve the welfare of lumpfish, one of the cleaner fish species used as biological pest control on farms. Sparos will offer further insights into how fish can be fed more sustainably during their session on Wednesday afternoon.

Meanwhile, the future of gene editing in aquaculture is the subject of a talk by Alan Tinch, vice-president of Genetics at the Centre for Aquaculture Technologies (CAT). As well as looking at the advantages of targeted gene editing in emerging farmed aquatic species, Mr Tinch will explain how genetic science can develop improved strains with better disease resistance. Also from CAT, director of Fish Health Mark Braceland will consider the benefits and limitations of in-tank fish health and nutrition.

The importance of biosecurity measures and how to implement them will be tackled by Asbjørn Husby, senior engineer at water treatment specialist Xylem, with an overview of recent research on the UV sensitivity of salmon pathogens.

And, in a special session, the Chilean Embassy will present contributions from five of the country’s top aquaculture innovators, sharing their technological expertise in the sector, their experience working with domestic and international markets, and their view of the Scottish industry.

The Aquaculture UK exhibition and conference, both free to attend, will be held at the Macdonald Resort in Aviemore, Scotland, from 3-5 May 2022. Show opening times are: Tuesday 3 May 12pm - 5pm; Wednesday 4 May 9am – 5pm; Thursday 5 May 9am – 3pm.

48 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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Industry Events

EAStalk: AquaIMPACT project

Integrating fish breeding with nutrition to help improve food security The European Aquaculture Society’s webinar ‘Fish and gut microbiota dialogue towards standard methods and genetics, nutrition and host transcriptomic interactions’ was held on March 15.

The event successfully provided its audience with ongoing developments and results in the AquaIMPACT project, the overall aim of which is to integrate fish breeding with nutrition to help improve food security.

Introductory presentation

The first panellist to speak, Jaume Pérez-Sánchez, head of the Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group at the Institute of Aquaculture in Spain, provided an introductory presentation of developments and results in the project, which he explained integrates information on fish nutrition and looks to standardise using gut microbiota as an operational indicator.

The project follows a microbiome strategic roadmap, he explained, which had three main steps: fostering microbiome studies and operational welfare indicators, standardising methods for identifying microbial communities and metatranscriptomic sequencing to assist the characterisation of metabolically active microbial communities.

With all of these steps in mind, Mr Pérez-Sánchez stressed that an important aspect of this roadmap was the standardisation of methods for the microbiota communities and provided two examples of platforms that could be used for this: the Illumina MiSeq platform which produces high quality results but not in real time, and the Oxford Nanopore MinION technology which produces immediate results but with lower accuracy. He concluded that the best strategy will be dependent on the question being asked about assessing the composition of microbiota.

Mr Pérez-Sánchez briefly mentioned the feeding trials the project had conducted in the Canary Islands with selected and unselected seabream and seabass for growth. From these trials they concluded that the gut microbiota of both fish species are influenced by the fish’s genetic background.

Three AquaIMPACT articles have already been published, Mr PérezSánchez said, related to their trials on seabream and seabass, with the goal being to publish 10 articles overall, as the project is ongoing and won’t conclude until December 2023.

Gilthead sea bream case study

The second panellist to present, Maria Carla Piazzon, postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Aquaculture in Spain, delivered the results of the project with regards to the gilthead sea bream that were used as a case study.

In one experiment, three different groups of sea bream were used and had been selected for varying growth parameters: one group was selected for fast growth, one was selected for intermediate, and one was selected for slow growth. All were fed over nine months a control diet, a typical fishmeal or fish oil diet, or a plant-based diet.

After nine months, the microbiota was sampled and studied to see what had happened in the groups once the diet was changed. Results of this experiment varied: in the fast-growing group of fish the microbiota did not change significantly but there were metabolic changes and in the slow-growing group of fish there were a lot of changes in the bacterial population but not metabolic changes. Ms Piazzon explained that their conclusion was the intestinal microbiota of sea bream selected for growth is ‘plastic’ and able to metabolically adapt to diet changes with few structural changes.

Another experiment followed the intestinal microbiota of gilthead sea bream selected and unselected for growth fed control or alternative diets across one year, representing the production cycle of this species. The alternative diet was a low fish meal/fish oil containing algae oil, poultry by-products, and plant ingredients.

Taking into consideration the entire population, microbiota changed

throughout the production cycle of gilthead sea bream, with some bacteria being affected by the season and others by the age. Fish selected for growth were able to adapt to diet changes with no significant changes in their microbial composition, corroborating the results of the first experiment.

Moreover, the individual variability was found to be lower in fish selected for growth, independently of the diet. This, Ms Piazzon explained, might be assign that selection for growth could be also selecting for a more homogeneous microbiota.

Diets & functional additives

The third experiment oversaw how different diets and functional additives impacted the microbiota in two groups of fish: fish selected for growth and unselected fish. A control diet was used with a low fishmeal and fish oil content, along with three functional additives: organic acid, phytobiotics and probiotics.

The fish were fed for twelve weeks with the additives before their microbiota was sampled, again, with varying results. In the phytobiotic supplemented diet there was no effect on the gut microbiota, whereas in the organic acid supplemented diets there was significant separation of the microbiota in the unselected fish.

Most interestingly, Ms Piazzon noted, was that the probiotic supplemented diet changed the microbiota of the selected animals, meaning it was establishing itself and is able to have long-lasting effects on the fish that are fed it.

The important takeaway, Ms Piazzon explains, was that the intestinal microbiota of the sea bream changes depends on age, season, genetic background and diet and are most significantly directed by the genetics of the fish. When feeding fish different diets and additives, different responses in the microbiota will be induced depending on their genetics.

Seabass case study

Simona Rimoldi, research assistant at the University of Insubria, was last to present results on the seabass case study they had conducted. In the first trial, two genotypes of seabass were fed for nine months: one genetically selected for growth, and the other not selected.

Fish were sampled at the beginning and end of the feeding trial. In the second feeding trial, the capacity of functional feeds and composition of gut microbiota was examined, feeding fish with four different diets for 12 weeks: a control diet with no additives, functional diets supplemented with probiotics, organic acid and phytogenics, all varying in amounts.

Depending on the analysis, the results of these trials were varied, Ms Rimoldi explained. By using an alpha diversity analysis, no differences or effect were found of the genotype or diet on the biodiversity of gut communities. Utilising a two way ANOVA analysis, however, Ms Rimoldi explained that they did find a diet effect on gut microbiota profiles at a family and genus level.

Bacteria sphingomonadaceae, moraxellaceae, and pseudomonadaceae were found higher in the fish fed control diets, while streptococcus was found rich in fish fed with organic acid supplementation and pseudomonas was decreased in fish receiving probiotics.

Ms Rimoldi concluded that the results of the first trial demonstrated genetic selection for growth had the greatest impact with regards to richness and the composition of intestinal microbiota, genetically selected seabass were more flexible in terms of dietary changes and genetically selecting fish for growth can lead to a greater capacity for novel feed formulations and the benefit of functional additives.

Q&A portion

The webinar concluded with a Q&A portion during which all three panellists were moderated by Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla, head of the Fish Pathology Group at the Institute of Aquaculture in Spain.

Panellists answered questions related to the feeding trials being held in a RAS system, taking samples from the anterior part of the intestine, and the evidence to support genetically selected fish adapted to diet by changing their genes, for example.

50 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

NovelFarm to separate from Aquafarm in 2023 On March 15, at Pordenone exhibition centre, the 2023 edition of NovelFarm, the international conference & trade show on new cultivation techniques, soilless and vertical farming, is set to be presented.

However, this edition will be different as this year it has been decided that the event is now strong enough to stand alone. The major event in Italy and Southern Europe for new generation agricultural techniques in a protected environment, vertical farming and hydroponics, starting from 2023 will have a different time frame than AquaFarm, the major event on aquaculture and sustainable fishing industry.

The third edition of NovelFarm is scheduled for May 25 -26, 2022, and will for the last time be co-located with AquaFarm.

Starting from 2023, NovelFarm along with the brand new AlgaeFarm will be scheduled from March 23-24, at Pordenone exhibition centre.

AquaFarm, on the other hand, will continue its historical placement in February. NovelFarm and AquaFarm established some milestones in the development of new generation agriculture in a protected environment in Italy: starting from the very first appearance in Italy of Mr Dickson Despommier, the father of vertical farming, to the contest dedicated to urban agriculture in collaboration with the Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bolonia.

Diversified outlet markets

Over time, NovelFarm has seen the participation of national and international companies, experts and public constantly growing.

The rising curve of the event’s success followed and, in a certain sense, that of this sector itself. The new generation of agricultural techniques has now assumed the concreteness of an economic segment with increasing value, with hundreds of millions of dollars already invested in Italy alone. The industry now also boasts diversified outlet markets, including large-scale distribution.

The new schedule, starting from 2023, aims at a better positioning towards the target, avoiding overlaps with the major international trade fairs within the sector and strengthening the autonomous identity of the event, including towards the institutions.

The 2023 edition will have a renewed focus on the final product and an extension of the current conference coverage to non-food destinations of vertical farming, in the spotlight of institutions and large international investors, both industrial and venture capital.

In summary, in 2023 NovelFarm and AlgaeFarm will be scheduled on March 23-24. In 2022 they will be co-located with Aquafarm on May 25-26.

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Industry Events The first ever Global Shrimp Forum is set to take place September 2022 The first ever Global Shrimp Forum will take place September 6-8 2022 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, it has been announced.

The Forum is the warm water shrimp industry’s first dedicated annual conference and business meeting, aiming to drive the shrimp industry towards a resilient and sustainable future.

The global warm water shrimp production doubled over the last 10 years, and over the next 30 years, demand for seafood is expected to increase further. Global trade of farmed shrimp will continue to expand connecting the producing countries with consumers in many markets around the globe.

But this US$20 billion per year industry doesn’t have its own meeting place where all different businesses and stakeholders can connect.

The Global Shrimp Forum will cover relevant and urgent business topics such as: - Production and market outlooks - Innovation and technologies that transform shrimp production, supply chains and markets - Legal and regulatory challenges - New and upcoming producers and niche products - Finance and investment But first and foremost, the Global Shrimp Forum will become the largest unique top-executive meeting place for the shrimp industry, bringing together more than 400 leading players across the entire supply chain.

industry leaders from the entire warm water shrimp value chain who have come on board as founding sponsors and conference partners.

The founding sponsors are: Santa Priscila, Omarsa, Devi Seafoods, AZ Gems and Sandhya Aqua; Unima; Labeyrie Fine Foods, Lyons Seafoods and Delpierre; Seafood Connection, Maruha Nichiro and Inlet SeaFish; Klaas Puul and Sykes; Primstar and Gambastar; Skretting; Grobest; JAPFA and Suri Tani Pemuka; Protix; Hendrix Genetics and Kona Bay; Xpertsea; eFishery; Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch; Aqua-Spark; Heiploeg; MSD Animal Health and IdentiGEN; Seajoy by Cooke; and Thai Union and Chicken of the Sea Frozen Foods.

Thanks to the early support of these founding sponsors, representing diverse sectors in the shrimp value chain, the Forum can make a flying start in achieving its ambitions.

Registration for the event is now open on the Global Shrimp Forum website. Register now to get the best value Early Bird Registrations, available until May 1.

In addition, sponsorship packages are available for those looking to support this important collaboration while enhancing their visibility at the Forum and within the industry.

An independent non-for-profit foundation

The Global Shrimp Forum is initiated by an independent non-for-profit foundation set up by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), Shrimp Insights, and Contango.

The purpose of the Global Shrimp Forum Foundation (GSFF) is to establish a global platform for knowledge sharing, innovation, and industry value-chain collaboration for driving a sustainable future for the industry. Besides ASC, Shrimp Insights and Contango, Johan Brouwer - former executive at Mowi and Seafood Connection and today working for Veramaris – also has a seat on the Global Shrimp Forum Foundation board.

Willem van der Pijl, owner of Shrimp Insights, and founder, board member and Managing Director of Global Shrimp Forum, says, ‘The shrimp industry is fragmented.

It consists of hundreds of thousands of farmers, thousands of importers and exporters, and many more companies that support the industry with ingredients, technologies, services and finance and investment.

“This high level of fragmentation makes it difficult to convene a meeting where all these players feel represented, which is why the Global Shrimp Forum is such an important initiative.

“Establishing a dedicated platform for everyone who wants to be part of a dialogue on not only the challenges confronting the shrimp industry but also the potential solutions is greatly needed. I view it as my personal mission to make this initiative successful.”

Supported by a wide range of global industry leaders

The three co-founders are supported by a wide range of global

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International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 55

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56 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 57

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the interview Dr Scott Tilton, Food Animal Nutritionist and Technical Advisor, The Andersons Inc

Dr Scott Tilton is the Food Animal Nutritionist and Technical Advisor for The Andersons Inc. He joined The Andersons in 2020 to support their development and marketing of the new high protein ANDVantage™ ethanol feed products and support sales of existing DDGS. Throughout his 25-plus year career in animal nutrition, he has been heavily involved in new ingredient development activities.

Prior to joining The Andersons, he served as Manager of Nutrition Services for Flint Hills Resources where he led research efforts to develop their NexPro® protein product.

Dr Tilton is actively involved in coordinating research to demonstrate the value of distillers feed products and communicating this information to industry nutritionists. In addition, he currently serves as Secretary of The Distillers Grains Technology Council.

You have had a rich career in industry supporting aquaculture among other livestock species. What initially lead you to get into this field of work?

My career started as a youth growing up in animal agriculture.

This led me to pursue degrees in animal science, with an emphasis in animal nutrition. My career initially focused on swine production and nutrition, but over time I became more involved in new ingredient development activities.

With these ingredient development activities, aquaculture was identified as an area for further exploration.

This resulted in sponsorship of multiple aquaculture nutrition research projects over the past decade, most recently with the ANDVantage protein products.

Throughout your career what have been the most significant changes you have observed in the feed industry and in particular, relating to aquaculture?

The rapid growth of the aquaculture sector and the changes in diet complexity required in order to allow continued sustainable growth of the industry. This started as a focus on reducing fishmeal utilisation but has rapidly resulted in a wide variety of new ingredients entering into aquaculture diets ranging from soldier fly larvae to single cell proteins to concentrated corn proteins and yeast products.

What aspects of nutrition and production would you like to see addressed and why as industry goes forward?

I would like to see the industry to continue to focus on the evaluation of novel feed ingredients and nutrient based formulation systems. This will require continued focus on understanding nutrient requirements of target species by phase of growth to ensure that growth performance and fish health are optimised, whilst reducing reliance on fish products and protein concentrates in diet formulation.

What are the most common barriers you feel our industry must continually overcome to ensure we are providing the most efficient and safe products to our feed industry customers? What advice would you give to those looking to improve their operations?

The safety of our feed products requires continued focus.

Feed safety is an ongoing process that requires continued focus on incoming ingredient quality and consistency of the manufacturing process.

Historically, many ingredients were treated like byproducts of their processing systems. We need to continue to emphasize quality and consistency of our animal feed products to. As such, our protein products are analysed multiple times per day to ensure that product standards are met.

Ultimately our goal in to produce a consistent, high quality feed ingredient that our customers desire and will return to purchase.

Can you tell us of the exciting developments you are involved with at present and why you think they will make a difference to the way we product farm fish?

We are currently working to continue the development of our family of protein products. These products were launched in early 2020, just in time for the global pandemic to impact our ability to visit prospective customers.

We recently completed feeding studies with both our ANDVantage 40Y and ANDVantage 50Y products as alternative proteins in a variety of aquaculture diets, including tilapia, rainbow trout and shrimp with good success, and see these ingredients as alternatives to some of the protein concentrates and isolates that are used in aquaculture diets today.

This includes increasing the percentage of product that is being used in aquaculture diets as well as expanding the number of ethanol plants that are producing these new high protein ingredients.

Are there positive signs that we are winning over consumer approval for the raw materials we are using in our aquaculture feeds, or do you think more needs to be done?

We are continuing to see growth in the quantity of our products entering aquaculture markets. These products are being tested not only to ensure that the diets maintain adequate growth performance, but in many cases also to confirm that they are not impacting the nutritional content, appearance, or taste of our final products to the consumer.

Work continues to be done in this area, and we still have a lot of work ahead of us to educate nutritionists, producers, and consumers about the benefits of farm raised products and the ingredients that make it possible.

Do you feel the aquaculture industry is in good shape to assist in feeding a world population that is expected to rise above 9.6 billion by 2050?

I feel that the aquaculture industry is in great shape to help ensure that there is enough food to continue to feed the world in 2050 and beyond. We do have opportunities for improvement given the vast differences in regional production and consumption of our products.

We do need to improve our evaluation of the carbon footprint of our ingredients and work to reduce the miles that our feed ingredients travel.

Additionally, we will need to continue to identify opportunities to reduce fishmeal and fish oil use in our diets to allow for continued growth of the industry without altering the nutritional characteristics of our end products.

60 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

International Aquafeed - April 2022 | 61

THE INDUSTRY FACES Anpario appoints new Senior Technical and Account Manager for Aquaculture

M

anufacturers of natural feed additives used in livestock and aquaculture production Anpario, is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr Lawrence Brown BVM&S MBA MRCVS as senior technical and account manager for aquaculture.

Dr Brown is an experienced animal health professional who, since qualifying as a veterinary surgeon graduating from the University of Edinburgh’s veterinary college, has worked in mixed practice and industry across the UK, Middle East and Australia.

Motivated by the need for antimicrobial alternatives in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Dr Brown returned to Edinburgh, where he is currently based, to offer consultancy services to innovative companies and organisations interested in sustainable food security.

Over the last five and a half years, Dr Brown has worked with several private and public sector organisations including the Department for International Trade as the ‘Animal Sciences and Aquaculture Specialist’, supporting major aquaculture producers expand their operations in the UK, and helping local aquaculture businesses to export their goods worldwide.

Two new appointments for the Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre

T

he Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) has appointed Lisa Collins and Grant Stentiford to its board, bringing with them extensive scientific knowledge and networks, as well as combined experience of global sustainable food systems to support the innovation centre’s contribution to UK aquaculture as a key source of highly nutritionally valuable protein.

Professors Collins and Stentiford will also join SAIC’s Independent Scientific Panel (SISP), providing guidance on future funding decisions and contributing to the centre’s work on attracting external investment into cutting-edge Scottish research.

Head of the school of biology and professor of animal science at the University of Leeds, Ms Collins has 15 years of experience within the agriculture sector.

“I am excited to join the SAIC board and independent scientific panel,” says Ms Collins. “I look forward to working with the SAIC team, applying my experience in terrestrial animal science to aquaculture: cross-sector knowledge exchange and collaboration are crucial tools for the continuous improvement of animal health and environmentally responsible food production.”

Mr Stentiford, who has more than 20 years’ expertise in both the Government and academic fields of international aquaculture says, “SAIC plays a key role in forging partnerships between academia and businesses in aquaculture, driving innovation to help the sector grow sustainably. Having worked in aquatic animal health and wellbeing for more than two decades now, I’m eager to contribute to the important work of SAIC and the SISP.” “With their excellent scientific credentials and extensive experience working at the interface of Government, industry and academia, Lisa and Grant are extremely valuable additions to SAIC’s board and scientific panel,” adds David Gregory, Chairman, SAIC.

Scottish Sea Farms confirms first key Shetland appointment

S

cottish Sea Farms has confirmed the first of its key Shetland appointments, following the company’s acquisition of Grieg Seafood Hjaltland UK in December 2021.

Richard Darbyshire, formerly Scottish Sea Farms Orkney Regional Manager then most recently Northern Isles Regional Manager with responsibility for both Shetland and Orkney, will become Shetland Regional Manager, focusing exclusively on the region’s newly expanded farming estate.

“Over his 21-year career with the company, Richard has gone from strength to strength, proving time and again his talent for bringing out the best in his teams.” says Jim Gallagher Scottish, Managing Director, Sea Farms, commenting on the new appointment, which is the first to be announced post-acquisition.

“During his last 18 months as Northern Isles Regional Manager, he has also amassed an extensive working knowledge of our Shetland activities, quickly gaining the respect of our local farmers.”

62 | April 2022 - International Aquafeed

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