MAY 2017 - International Aquafeed magazine

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

GOOD CAGE SYSTEMS ACHIEVE GOOD PRODUCTION

International Aquafeed - Volume 20 - Issue 5 - May 2017

- Driving East Africa’s Blue Revolution - Commercial Copepod production - Omega-3 innovation - Ecuadorian shrimp farming - Dietary protease and their application in fish feed - Extrusion revolution Proud supporter of Aquaculture without Frontiers UK CIO

May 2017

www.aquafeed.co.uk

CONTENTS May 2017 Volume 20 Issue 5

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Editor Prof Simon Davies simond@aquafeed.co.uk Associate Editor Dr Albert Tacon albertt@perendale.co.uk International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.co.uk Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Colin Mair • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan Editorial team Rhiannon White rhiannonw@perendale.co.uk Matt Muller mattm@perendale.co.uk Zasha Whiteway-Wilkinson zashaw@perendale.co.uk Alex Whitebrook alexw@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris darrenp@perendale.co.uk Tom Blacker tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk

Expanding aquaculture

Aquaculture is expanding almost everywhere. While high-quality and balanced feed rations are an essential component in the successful growing of fish in captivity, there are other aspects of fish farming that need to be considered if we are to provide consumers with a product they value and wish to buy. Therefore, IAF has, over recent months, expanded its editorial coverage to embrace more activities involved in fish farming. As a result we have updated our cover this month to reflect that development and introduced a ‘reference panel’ on the Editor’s page to identify the four areas our magazine now covers: aquafeeds, feed equipment, fish farming technology and species.

REGULAR ITEMS

FEATURES

3

New Zealand Marketing Team Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk

©Copyright 2017 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

More information can be found at www.perendale.com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish ‘The International Milling Directory’ and ‘The Global Miller’ news service

Photoshoot

56 Industry Events

60 The Market Place

62 The Aquafeed Interview

Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk

Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk

44

46 Expert Topic - Amberjack

Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu nathann@perendale.co.uk

Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan tutit@perendale.co.uk

Industry News

64

Industry Faces

18 Commercial Copepod production 22 Omega-3 innovation

24 Feed project boosts redclaw crayfish industry

26 Driving East Africa’s Blue Revolution 30 Fishmeal … or beyond

32 Ecuadorian shrimp farming

38 Dietary protease and their application in fish feed

42 Extrusion revolution

COLUMNS 10 14

6

Ioannis Zabetakis

Okunade Monisade

Antonio Garza de Yta

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 50 Good cage systems are essential in order to achieve good production 54 FISA introduce third generation netting

Croeso - welcome

I am presently travelling back from the Netherlands having attended several important meetings in Amsterdam, The Hague at the World Trade Centre concerning global aquaculture sustainability and policymaking agendas for the International Aquafeed Editor industry.

Professor Simon Davies Aquaculture is a multidisciplinary subject with many areas of the biosciences. Personally I am becoming increasingly interested in the governance of aquaculture and the regulatory aspects concerning biosecurity of the food chain. Particularly my meeting with the Association of International Seafood Professionals and discuss the need for better understanding of the significant contribution of aquaculture to global food security and its strategic importance.

I was so impressed by the Dutch led organisations leading Hollands’ initiatives in this direction, (of course the issue of Brexit was mentioned) and I was still an honoured figure from the UK. Another interesting opportunity came through my invitation to attend a workshop hosted by a new company called ‘Mature Development BV’. One that, under Paul van der Heijden as Director is steering a new platform for information and technology transfer for aquatic sciences with a focus on aquaculture. The team addresses global sustainability issues. It involves young active and highly talented students engaging in socio-economic development, sustainability aquatic food production and environmental impact. Not to mention the emerging technologies for global economic development with a strong concern for SE Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Indeed I was able to meet up with Wesley Malcorps who is one of the most energetic young students I have met of late, with a strong passion for sustainable aquaculture production and working on a Masters project at the Copernicus Institute at Utrecht University. He is creating a model to predict the trends in shrimp farming and use of raw materials and

resource management implications. Truly an inspirational experience to listen to his enthusiasm and commitment in alleviating poverty in developing nations through his innovative approach. His student friends Jesse and Bjorn kindly met me at the Schiphol airport and we had a tour of their beautiful city.

Our magazine of course addresses such a wide portfolio of related topics and Aquafeed is the basis of our reporting.

Never has there been an exciting time for research and development across the domain of agri-tech sciences and related business.

In this issue we have our usual special features news articles and reports from technical specialists and practitioners in the field of fish and shrimp production. Of course you may have noticed that an area we are looking to include further in our magazine, is ‘Fish farming technology’.

One of particular note this month is an in-depth feature regarding AKVA cages. Definitely worth a read!

For an educational request, if you feel that you’re company or group can provide interesting and dynamic editorial content regarding your aquacultural related technology we would be thrilled to read and consider it for our international magazine.

For our expert fish species topic on Japanese amberjack, superbly written by Dr Shuichi Satoh, it gives an in-depth look into the personality and lifestyle habits of the staple fish local to his home country.

We also have multiple first hand accounts of the visits that we are so lucky to be a part of here at International Aquafeed magazine. From our own CEO Roger Gilbert and his trip to Cargill in Nebraska to Alex Whitebrook and his fruitful attendance to ‘The Conservation Optimism Summit 2017’.

We hope you enjoy reading about these experiences as much as we do writing them.

And finally, I am looking forward to more events and meetings such as the Aquaculture UK conference in Stirling in June where I chair the Feed and nutrition session as well as other national and international events. I look forward to seeing some of you in due course. My new role as a Fellow of the Institute of Biology will require more travelling to the nation’s capital city, London and taking a more fundamental scientific liaison with government officials and agencies. I am looking forward to a hectic summer of commitments, but as they say, “Do what you love and love what you do!”

IN THIS ISSUE FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

AQUAFEED COPEPOD: COMMERCIAL COPEPOD PRODUCTION - page 18

CAGE SYSTEMS: Good cage systems are essential in order to achieve good production - page 50

OMEGA-3: New algal oil derived from natural marine algae - page 22

NETS: FISA introduce third generation netting - page 54

FISHMEAL: Fishmeal … or beyond - page 30

FEED EQUIPMENT

SPECIES

EXTRUSION: Extrusion revolution- page 42

EXPERT TOPIC: Amberjack - page 46 Japanese amberjack farming began in 1927 with the rearing of wild caught juvenile amberjacks just off the coast of the Kagawa prefecture in Japan.

SHRIMP: Ecuadorian shrimp farming - page 32

www.aquafeed.co.uk

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

New paper-based bag solutions

A

t the reccent interpack trade fair, Mondi, an international packaging and paper group, presented new paper-based bag solutions.

These bags will protect sensitive powdery filling goods, prolong product shelf life, meet the highest safety and hygiene standards as well as being easy to handle.

Being marketed as ‘interpacks that pack more than expected’, the company will showcase customer solutions for three industries including food and beverage. The one of particular interest to agriculture will be the ‘Hot Lock Bag®’ which boasts high hygiene and safety standards as required by the food sector.

PE-inliner bags with Hot Lock Bag® sealing are Mondi’s solution for the particular needs of the food industry.

Food producers require packaging that meets stringent health and hygiene standards.

Produced under strict hygienic conditions, these open mouth bags combine functional features for easy closure, reliable storage and convenient opening.

The bag acts as a moisture barrier for hygienic and safe packaging and optimal protection. It can be sealed separately after filling for increased protection. The sealing technology ensures reliable closing under strict hygiene standards. In regards to sustainability, the inliner can be easily separated from the outer paper ply for optimal recyclability.

Another product of which they are keen to show off is the ‘Splashbag’. Displayed at the show ‘Interpack’ May 4-10, 2017, Düsseldorf, it is aimed primarily for moisture-sensitive building and construction material from rain, although it’s talents are perhaps transferable for the storage needs of the milling and feed industries.

Developed in collaboration with cement producer LafargeHolcim, it is particularly suitable for protecting moisture-sensitive filling goods. It is made from wetstrengthened, machine-finished Advantage Protect sack kraft paper, and is formulated to maintain high tensile strength even in wet environments.

As a result it absorbs less moisture than conventional paper bags whilst maintaining the integrity of the product quality, while at the same time matching the filling speed of standard paper bags.

Even after two hours of direct exposure to rain, Splashbag can still be moved, handled and emptied without difficulty. This significantly reduces bag breakage rates, leading to cost savings through reduced waste, lower vehicle and site cleanup costs, fewer trips from warehouse to site and time savings for logistics and site managers.

ADDITIVES FOR AQUACULTURE SOLUTIONS

NUTRACEUTICALS AND PHYTOBIOTICS FOR AQUACULTURE Growth promoters Anti-parasites Attractants Hepatoprotectors Antioxidants Detoxifiers Chelated minerals

C/ San Romualdo 12-14 • 28037 Madrid (Spain) +34 902 15 77 11 • +34 91 725 08 00 liptosa@liptosa.com • www.liptosa.com

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 3 Prensa Liptosa 270 x 90.indd 2

14/03/13 18:

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

P

International Aquafeed Editor elected a ‘Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology’

rofessor Simon Davies, Editor, International Aquafeeed, has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology.

This is in recognition of his achievements in marine biosciences and specialisation in nutritional biochemistry of fish and aquaculture. Professor Davies FRSB, 60, currently holds the Chair in Animal Nutrition and Aquaculture at Harper Adams University in Shropshire. He is also an Honorary Professor at Nottingham University and Visiting Professor at Bristol University School of Veterinary Medicine. He was a Professor at Plymouth University for 30 years leading undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Simon obtained his BSc in Biochemistry at Cardiff University, a Masters in Nutrition at Newcastle University and a PhD in Nutritional Physiology of trout at the Institute of Aquaculture, Stirling University, Scotland in 1984.

Amongst his impressive credentials, he was a Bank of America funded Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Idaho, USA. In the mid 1980’s he returned to the UK to take up his university career.

Having supervised 35 PhD students and over 300 Masters Students’ with major support of industry and government agencies (Commonwealth Commission, EU, UN & FAO), he has also travelled extensively visiting China, Japan, SE Asia, USA, Canada, Latin America and Europe.

An important part of his work is attending major symposia and presenting his research findings to his peers as an invited speaker. He is the author of over 150 scientific papers, book chapters and reports, and a recipient

of five million British pounds of research income.

He has been instrumental in developing new feed technologies for the sustainable production of farmed fish most notably salmon and trout but also Mediterranean marine species such as sea bream and sea bass as well as tropical fish like tilapia and catfish. His research novel ‘Feed ingredients, and trace element and vitamin nutrition of fish’ has been pioneering and highly praised.

This research has resulted in significant benefits to the aquaculture industry and many of his ex- students have important positions in the fish-farming sector in leading feed companies. The research has led to a much-improved understanding of the fundamental nutritional and metabolic requirements of fish and also shrimp.

Professor Davies comments on his fellowship, “My election as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology is a great distinction and honour in recognition of my academic and research career. It will give me more opportunities to engage with various government science and agricultural departments such as in Higher Education, DEFRA, Department of Trade and Industry, parliamentary select committees in Westminster and other agencies. I look forward to promoting sustainable development in the biosciences relevant to the aquatic food chain and in particular aquaculture.”

He continues, “Aquaculture, including fish farming, is the fastest growth sector of agri-business today and is globally valued at US$160 billion per annum supplying more that 50 percent of our seafood consumption.”

He concludes, “The production of fish and shellfish world-wide has eclipsed beef production for the first time as consumers become aware of healthy eating options and the importance of a diet containing oily fish as sources of essential omega-3 fatty acids beneficial to optimising cardiovascular health, brain function and cognition. My work has proved very interesting over my long career and has been utilised by many sponsoring companies to launch new products and patents. This has provided me with a unique platform for presenting my research publications to a global audience.”

‘Students4Development’ mastermind Wesley Malcorps up and coming in aquaculture

W

esley Malcorps, Students4Development, has been endorsed strongly by aquaculture expert Professor Simon Davies as ‘one to watch’.

Attending a workshop in Utrecht and ‘The Hague’, Professor Davies was invited by Malcorps and founder of MatureDevelopment BV, Paul Van der Heijden to Holland. This enterprise works with the development of sustainable and innovative ideas involving experts.

Wesley has a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Water Management/Aquatic Ecotechnology at the HZ University of Applied Sciences. He is currently enrolled in the MSc ‘Sustainable

Development- Environmental Change and Ecosystems’ at the Utrecht University in the prestigious Copernicus Institute.

His brainchild ‘Students4Development’ involved businesses, non-profits, educational institutions and students in international development was the winner of the ING Jumpstart 2013 after competing in a pitch- and national Facebook contest in the Netherlands.

The aim is to connect students specifically using internships that have a focus on the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The Students4Change ideal has now been embraced and 4 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

empowered by MatureDevelopment.

Professor Davies expounds of Mr Malcorps’ capabilities, “Wesley brings a wealth of expertise with a multidisciplinary approach.

His passion and enthusiasm for aquaculture and in particular global shrimp farming with its inherent problems and emerging issues is inspiring. I was delighted to meet with him and thoroughly relished providing academic advice for his dissertation.”

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

THE BEST WAY TO PREDICT THE FUTURE IS TO CREATE IT. —Peter F. Drucker

Why retire a workhorse that’s still doing the job?

Simply put, your old dryer may be costing you a bundle. In fact, today’s Wenger dryer could save you enough in operating efficiency alone to cover the replacement of your old dryer. Additionally, our new advanced dryer designs give you less potential for cross-contamination and bacteria build-up; feature new direct drive spreaders for level product bed and uniformity of final product moisture; and afford quicker, easier inspection and cleaning.

Contact us now. With new concepts and fresh initiatives, we’re ready to help you develop the product possibilities of the future.

Turning ideas into opportunities.

PROGRESSIVE AQUAFEED PROCESSING

What will tomorrow bring wenger.com BElGIUm

TAIWAN

Wenger12_AQ_210x147mm.indd 1

BRASIl

CHINA

TURkEY

INDIA

8/8/12 12:01 PM

Your global technology process supplier for the aqua feed industry ANDRITZ is one of the world’s leading suppliers of techno­ logies, systems, and services relating to advanced indus­ trial equipment for the aqua feed industry. With an in-depth knowledge of each key process, we can supply a compatible and homogeneous solution from raw material intake to finished feed bagging.

ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel A/S Europe, Asia, and South America: andritz-fb@andritz.com USA and Canada: andritz-fb.us@andritz.com

www.andritz.com/ft

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 5

“Unprecedented times of food insecurity”

T

Ioannis Zabetakis

On our current research

oday, there are still a lot of questions surrounding what are the causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

CVDs are the leading causes of death in the developed world and account for approximately 10,000 deaths in Ireland each year. Due to the severity of this problem, research into the prevention of atherosclerosis has become a major objective of modern medical investigation. Food containing anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants is of great importance in lowering the reliance of people on medication (i.e. statins) and in preventing chronic diseases such as CVDs. Diet plays a crucial role in our body’s inflammatory response as diets can either be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) can be suggested as main components in an antiinflammatory diet as they have the potential to influence both the atherogenic process and plaque stability.

Omega-3 FAs are found abundantly in fish and are becoming increasingly popular and sought after due to their significantly beneficial role in CVD. In contrast, Omega-6 FAs are known to lead to inflammation. Omega-6 FA’s exhibit pro-inflammatory properties.

For an anti-inflammatory diet to be considered successful, the ratio of omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is of fundamental importance. The ideal ratio should be between 1.5 and three.

Our current research aims to determine and compare the antiinflammatory activities of lipids extracted from wild Atlantic fish and also organic and non-organic aqua-cultured fish. We are working to determine whether the role of nutrition in organic and non-organic aqua-cultured fish influences these anti-inflammatory properties. These anti-inflammatory properties are assessed to see whether they induce platelet aggregation or inhibit the PAF-induced aggregation.

With our work, we aim to highlight the strong cardioprotective properties of both wild Atlantic fish and aqua-cultured and study whether organic salmon farmed in Ireland has stronger antiinflammatory properties than non-organic salmon. You can find the latest results of our research at http://funfood16.blogspot.ie.

Further reading

Morphis., G, Kyriazopoulou, A., Nasopoulou, C., Sioriki, E., A.Demopoulos, C., Zebetakis, I., 2016. Assessment of the in vitro Antithrombotic properties of Sardine (Sardina pilcharudes) Fillet Lipids and Cod Liver Oil. Fishes 2016, 1(1), 1-15; http://www.mdpi. com/2410-3888/1/1/1 @yanzabet Ioannis.zabetakis@ul.ie

After an Academic career spanning 12 years in the Univ. of Athens, Ioannis joined University of Limerick (UL) as a Lecturer on Food Lipids where the ongoing focus of his work will be towards the cardioprotective properties of food lipids with particular emphasis on dairy and aquaculture products.

T

his year an unprecedented 70 million people across 45 countries will be in need of emergency food assistance, driven by persistent conflict, severe drought and economic instability.

Four countries face the threat of famine, putting a combined 20 million people at risk of dire food insecurity according to the UN. It has been reported that the members of the Food Assistance Committee (FAC) are deeply concerned by the declaration of famine in South Sudan and the risk of famine in Somalia, Yemen and Nigeria.

Acting swiftly in response to the UN Secretary General’s call for urgent action to avert catastrophe, FAC members are working together with the rest of the international community to help mitigate the impacts of food insecurity in these countries, ensuring the needs of the most vulnerable are addressed.

To date in 2017, FAC members have provided USD $1.4 billion in food assistance to the previously stated countries.

Matthew Nims, FAC Chair, explains, “These crisis are man-made and direct consequence of conflict.”

He continues, “We are in unprecedented times of food insecurity, but we don’t want it to be the year when famine becomes a more commonplace word.”

The FAC are calling on the governments of the affected countries to help ensure that there is unimpeded humanitarian access to everyone facing famine, or at risk of famine. They say that without access, the most vulnerable cannot be reached and aid efforts will not be able to help avert escalating catastrophe.

They have asked that other donors and members of the international community provide timely additional humanitarian assistance to save lives and support the people of the most at risk countries.

$1.2 million to support aquaculture research projects

T

he US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) announced $1.2 million in funding for aquaculture research projects in the areas of genetics, disease, production systems, and economics.

Funding is made through NIFA's Aquaculture Research Competitive Grants Program.

Sonny Ramaswamy, NIFA Director comments, "Sustainability of the aquaculture industry is important both from the perspective of nutritional security and the creation of jobs.”

The Aquaculture Research Competitive Grants Program supports development of an environmentally and economically sustainable US aquaculture industry.

Results of projects supported by this programme are intended to help improve the profitability of the US aquaculture industry, reduce the US trade deficit, increase domestic food security, provide markets for US-produced products, increase domestic aquaculture business investment opportunities, and provide more jobs for rural and coastal America.

6 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

D

riving industry-wide improvements in sustainability through greater transparency and cooperation, the GSI members publish the third annual sustainability report, highlighting that one-quarter of all GSI farms are now ASC certified.

The 2016 Sustainability Report published by the Global Salmon Initiative (GSI) features 4 years’ worth of data from all 12 GSI salmon farming member companies.

Using the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) Salmon Standard as a framework, the report documents the members’ environmental and social performance across 14 key sustainability indicators, and highlights improvements in responsible business practices.

This year’s report is also the first from the leadership group to include data verified by independent auditors.

Piers Hart, Global Head of Aquaculture at WWF commented, “We have closely followed the work of the GSI for a number of years now, and are pleased to see further significant progress towards the initiativés goal of achieving 100 percent ASC certified farmed salmon by 2020. Setting ambitious sustainability goals remains a crucial factor for every individual company. However, sector-wide transformation can only happen through collective sustainability initiatives such as the GSI, which represents almost 50 percent of the global salmon industry.

That́s why we call upon all farmed salmon producers to

i i i i i i i i i i

The Global Salmon Initiative publish the third annual sustainability report

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

become ASC certified, either individually or through GSI membership. We also hope it will be an incentive for retailers worldwide to continue to offer their consumers ASC certified salmon.”

The report also demonstrates the preferable environmental performance of farmed salmon when compared to other protein sectors – such as chicken, beef and pork – including its low, and decreasing, feed conversion ratio (the lower this ratio, the more efficient an animal is at retaining the protein and energy from feed and converting it into food for humans), and low carbon footprint.

Per Grieg, GSI Co-Chair and Chairman of the board explains, “We want to use our combined knowledge and global reach to raise the bar when it comes to environmental and social performance not only in the farmed sector, but across the food industry as a whole.

We want to lead by example, and demonstrate to other companies, and other sectors, that improving sustainability is a pre-competitive issue. What the GSI Sustainability Report demonstrates is that, through greater transparency and greater cooperation, it is possible to achieve change at a scale which is good for the environment, and good for business.”

Sometimes round is better...

Vacuum Coaters Wynveen vacuum coaters are used to add high percentages of liquids to pellets and/or extrudates in the following industries:

store SMART, store SQUARE

Pet food plants Feed production

info@wynveen.com - www.wynveen.com

A Triott Company

Aquatic feed plants

Top Silo Constructions B.V. Aalten - The Netherlands www.tsc-silos.com

versatility in feed processing International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 7

follow us on:

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

T

i i i i i i i i i i

Fish-Free Feed (F3) Challenge he F3 (Fish-Free Feed) Challenge launched in November 2015 on the HeroX crowdfunding site to encourage innovation of alternative ingredients for aquaculture fishfeeds that are as nutritious and healthy to fish and consumers as conventional fish-based feeds.

The contest was intended to help catalyse the development and sale of viable cost-competitive aquafeeds free of fishmeal and fish oils. Contestants from Thailand, Indonesia, China, South Africa, Australia, Pakistan, Myanmar (Burma), the Netherlands and the U.S. have advanced to the second sales reporting stage of the multistage contest to develop fish-free feed for the aquaculture industry The F3 Fish-free feed prize of $200,000 USD was awarded to the first team to produce and sell 100,000 metric tonnes (MT) of aquafeeds, which do not contain marine animal meal or oil by Septemer 15, 2017. This prize is intended to spark innovation in the aquafeed industry to find sustainable alternative protein sources that reduce pressure on ocean ecosystems to supply aquaculture fishfeed components and help meet global food security needs in the future.

Your partner in top-quality ring dies for all pellet press brands

WWW.PCE.EU

Latin American & Caribbean Aquaculture 17

November 7 - 10, 2017 Mazatlan International Center

•

Mazatlan, Mexico

Consolidate the growth in Aquaculture All info: www.was.org

A

LA

TI N

RI BB

EAN CHAPT

ER

The annual meeting of:

C AM ER I C A N &

Gold Sponsor

For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org HI a4 CMYK eng.indd 1

F3 Challenge First Sales Results Announced Earlier this year, the F3 Fish-Free Feed Challenge announced the first sales results for the multi-stage contest to innovate and sell fish-free feed for the aquaculture industry. China-based Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co. is leading the race with over 48,000 metric tonnes of fish-free feed sold during the first sales reporting phase that ran from May 1 – December 31, 2016.

Myanmar-based Htoo Thit Co. and Biomin are in 2nd place with 28,000 metric tonnes of fish free-feed sold.

All sales reported during this first reporting period are unverified. F3 challenge judges will verify that all feed sold are “fish-free” per the contest rules.

Several of the world’s leading aquafeed manufacturers and seafood producers announced their interest to trial fish-free aquafeeds developed by the winner or a finalist of the F3 (Fish-Free Feed) Challenge. The companies include Marine Harvest, Alpha Feed, Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group, and Dainichi.

Professor Kevin Fitzsimmons, former president of the World Aquaculture Society and lead spokesperson for the F3 Challenge remarked, “This is the first time that so many large established companies have committed to offering fish- free feed trials, which signals a turning point toward viable and cost-effective alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil.”

China-based aquafeed manufacturers Alpha Feed and Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group Co., Ltd. have committed to run digestibility and grow-out trials for the winner or a finalist that has feeds for their species of interest.

Deng Deng, Alpha Feed Chief Technical Officer also commented, “The F3 contest will become a milestone in the development of innovative and sustainable aquaculture.”

In a joint statement to the F3 Challenge sponsors, Alpha Feed and Yuehai Feed expressed the importance of innovation in fish-free feed is to “protect the environment and depleting wild fisheries, increase the resilience of the aquafeed industry to the fluctuation of fishmeal production and price, and to make feeds more competitive in terms of cost.”

1/8/17 12:13 PM

8 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

WORLDWIDE CALENDAR 2017-2018 VIV MEA 2018

FEBRUARY 5-7, ABU DHABI, U. A. E.

VIV Europe 2018

JUNE 20-22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS

VIV Turkey 2017

VIV China 2018

JULY 6-8, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

SEPTEMBER 17-19, NANJING, CHINA

WWW.VIV.NET INDOFISHERIES17(190x132mm) cetak.ai 1 23/02/2017 09:34:01

C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 9

POULTRY Africa 2017 OCTOBER 4-5, KIGALI, RWANDA

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

Okunade Monisade Okunade Monisade Kerounwi Moni comes from Willar Aquaculture Services where, in his position as CEO, he was responsible for implementing the feasibility plan for new and existing fish farmers in Nigeria.

Moni will head up Aquaculture Without Frontiers UK sustainable fish farming projects in Nigeria. The charity will supply micro loans to fish farmers which will directly fund the purchase of eggs, compound feed, good husbandry advice, technical support, materials as required, and good veterinary services allowing existing small hold fish farmers to sustainably increase their production with a solid use of good nutritious compound feed which will make for a more nutritious fish. The aim is to increase fish production in Nigeria whilst at the same time improving the diet and providing employment. This has been inspired by the proverb “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; show him how to catch fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.”

O

n the 25th of February, 2017, from Texas, USA, I put calls across Nigeria to Oke-tojinu Sejiro (Badagry-Lagos State), Tiamiyu Nurudeen Toba (Ikotun, Lagos State), Balogun Sunday (Ado-odo, Ogun State), Akinsowon Lekan (Adoodo, Ogun state) and Olaleye Titus (Badagry, Lagos State) to inform them about my discussion with AwF UK representatives that I met at the 2017, WAS conference held in San-Antonio, Texas.

I asked for their opinions on the possibility of success of a support program in form of small micro-loans for existing smallholder farmers in the aquaculture trade.

They all thought it was laudable idea but only expressed concern about the credibility of the agencies that will handle the program in Nigeria but I informed them that AwF will be in direct contact with the farmers themselves, this news made them happy and they all expressed optimism about the success of the program.

Improvised water tank and scaffold for the hatchery as well as hatching units made from scrap vehicles’ roofs

Oke-Tojinu Sejiro addressing the group

Cross section of farmers at the AWF(UK), Nigeria meeting

Through my discussion with these people, news of the program and AwF(UK) spread like wildfire and a meeting was held on the March 15, 2017 at Godo blocks Guest house, Badagry, Lagos State Nigeria.

The meeting had a total of 62 farmers from different areas in attendance, and a lot of issues were discussed.

Through phone conversation I introduced Aquaculture without Frontiers (UK) to the group and I explained the aim of the AwF to them. Some of the issues discussed were; conditions for being a beneficiary of the program, nature of the support, duration and many more.

Farmers were made to understand that the AwF support is not free money that they can use to do whatever they like and it will not come with the usual bureaucracy and long protocol that comes with government aids.

They were also made to understand that the support might not come in form of direct cash but inputs and supplies, the support can also come in form of training, counselling, consultancy and management support. The group was also made to understand that it will police itself against greedy or cunning people with non-genuine intentions in order to avoid damaging the whole program and some people were chosen in the interim to lead and pilot the affairs of the group.

The news of this support has motivated the farmers so much that some have already constructed a hatchery for the production of fish seeds in preparation for the program.

Although some people are still sceptical about the success of the program and are trying to discourage others sighting examples of numerous similar programs that have come and failed in the past; others are optimistic and are certain of the success because there is no political connection in the program and there is direct contact between the providers and beneficiaries.

The group expressed appreciation for the program to AwF and they offered prayers to God to keep blessing the AwF team with their hearts' desires, bring the programme to actualisation speedily and protect the programme from bad people.

The first official meeting of the group was held on April 20, 2017.

10 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

TO DO:

Visit new webosuitre www.almex.n l

Almex extruders are used for : » Pet Food extrusion » (floating) Aquafeed extrusion » Animal Feed extrusion » Oil seed extraction » Cereal processing extrusion » Compacting » Pre-conditioning prior to other processes

info@almex.nl

www.almex.nl

AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG Dieselstrasse 5–9 · 21465 Reinbek Hamburg, Germany +49 (0) 40 72 77 10 info@akahl.de akahl.de

COMPLETE FISH FEED PLANTS

UP TO 10 T/H Contrary to conventional extruders, the KAHL extruder OEE is equiped with a hydraulically adjustable die.

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 11

A Triott Company

Extruders and Expanders

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

Processing seafood with accurate yield reporting

D

ynamic Systems, Washington, have released new line traceability and production software, designed to provide seafood processors the ability to handle, label and track their products faster and more accurately.

The line is called “SIMBA”, which is an acronym for “Specialised Inventory Management with Barcode Accuracy” and it is designed for aqua farming and fish farms.

The company, who are leaders in barcode traceability and production software, are promoting their new line as flexible, fast and easy to use.

The system solves the problem of how to process, package and label seafood with accurate yield reporting.

The interface provides automated, detailed, reporting starting at the source (pond, dock) using touch screen technology on rugged tablets, and follows the lot through

each step of the process.

The traceability system tracks the lot (with its source information and detailed attributes) through production, packaging and shipping. SIMBA boasts to improve business processes through automated scanning, reduced labour, reduced operational costs and enhanced reporting in real-time.

Because each time the system labels a tote or carton, that item is entered into the computer’s inventory with product details.

At the time of shipping, the logics feature of SIMBA tracks each carton or pallet onto a specific van or records it to a work or sales order. Then, a Bill of Lading is produced automatically, saving time in the shipping process and eliminating disputes with the customer regarding what was actually shipped.

The results from tests showed that implementing the software increased production speed, the ability to get realtime accurate production reports, full traceability, accurate real time inventory, improved yields, carton and pallet labels and expedited van loading.

12 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Spain to chair Aquaculture Committee

S

pain will chair the Aquaculture Committee of the General Fisheries Commission of the Mediterranean/FAO during the next two years.

The Secretary-General of the Mediterranean General Fisheries Commission (GFCM), Abdellah Srour, told the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment, Isabel GarcĂ­a Tejerina, during the Ministerial Conference on Mediterranean Fisheries, which is celebrated in Malta.

This designation took place in the framework of the tenth meeting of the Committee on Aquaculture, held in Izmir, Turkey, from 27-29 March, 2017.

In this context, Isabel GarcĂ­a Tejerina has confirmed that Spain will organise the XI meeting of this Committee, in 2019.

With the Presidency of this Committee, the Government of Spain reinforces its commitment to boost aquaculture activity.

General committee on fisheries for the Mediterranean The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean is a regional fisheries organisation, under the auspices of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO).

Its main objective is to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of marine living resources, biologically, socially, economically and environmentally, as well as the sustainable development of aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. For its part, the Aquaculture Committee has a long history of work as a forum for

coordinating this activity within the General Fisheries Commission.

In particular, it is responsible for providing technical advice to the Commission, as well as promoting the sustainable development and responsible management of marine, brackish and terrestrial aquaculture in the area of application of this organisation.

Aquaculture is becoming increasingly important worldwide as a source of fish protein. Today, it accounts for more than 50 percent of all aquatic products consumed in the world.

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

E

Antonio Garza de Yta

Ensenada, B.C., Mexico, world leader for the future of Aquaculture nsenada, B.C. in recent days has hosted two really important events for aquaculture in Mexico. One very showy, with great pomp and with participants from around the world and another that was practically anonymous but I consider of equal or more relevance.

The Offshore Mariculture Conference (Offshore), an event that had never left the European continent, came out first in Mexico, as we mentioned in the beautiful port of Ensenada (although a bit cold for tropical species as its server). Offshore was supported by a number of institutions; The National Commission for Aquaculture and Fisheries (CONAPESCA), the National Institute of Fisheries (INAPESCA), the Secretariat of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the State of Baja California (SEPESCA) and the World Society of Aquaculture (WAS).

Also, there was a good amount of sponsors, whom I do not mention not to advertise, but who came from all over the world, in addition to some nationals all showing there best sides. The event dealt with the future of Mexico’s bright future in mariculture.

In fact, as we all know, mariculture in Mexico is still in its infancy, but the potential is finally beginning to develop. There was participation of practically all the national producers (or, rather, those that are producing in Mexico), and of specialists of diverse subjects that besides nutrition, systems of production of fattening and fattening. Also touched on, were the issues of marketing and public policy vision. It was clear that we are the future of marine fish production, and this is probably the future of world food, but also that aquaculture of this type at least until the medium term will be limited to big capitals.

Congratulations to Luis González, who was the national organiser and for whom the Offshore will be the centrepiece of his professional career; I’m sure bright things await you.

On the other hand, a few days away, within the very beautiful facilities of the Autonomous University of Baja California, but practically without any diffusion, with a very small budget and with a low media profile was the meeting of The Association of Trainers of Professionals of the Sea, AC (TO FORM). AFORMAR is constituted by the majority of the universities that impart degrees in Sciences of the Sea, Aquaculture and Fishing in Mexico.

We saw in this event, the future and one even more important topic; the formation of the next aquaculturists of the country. Participants, few, but encompassing a large geographic distribution, commented on a wide range of topics: from the always threshing of how to increase enrollment to how to interact with the new generations. This meeting had as its central theme the efficiency of the tutoring system, but this did not prevent discussion of other issues of high relevance, such as certification of educational programmes and the need to evolve at the same pace as aquaculture does.

It gave me great pleasure to see such passionate professionals, involved in generating not only the best aquacultures, but also the best human beings.

Today I would like to dedicate this column to them, those who are unveiling and preparing class, those who adopt these young people who need support and are guiding them for life, those who take their bread from their mouths to support their students so they can complete their studies, those who travel in the truck for endless hours to take their students to a practice that gives them a better perspective of reality. They, on the foot of aquaculture, who do the impossible without resources and who leave the heart ahead; They are the ones who deserve our greatest consideration. I hope the new generations will have enough heart to replace these real-life heroes. To them, all my affection, admiration and respect. I take my hat off.

Antonio Garza de Yta, Ph.D in Aquaculture from Auburn University, President of Aquaculture Global Consulting, Director World Aquaculture Society and creator of the Certification for Aquaculture Professional (CAP) Program.

14 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

Additional production line for fish feed in Egypt

J

ust two years after the inauguration of a completely new fish feed factory in Egypt, Aller Aqua officially inaugurates an additional production line in Egypt.

Henrik Halken, Chairman of Aller Aqua Egypt explains, “Our subsidiary, Aller Aqua Egypt, has since its foundation experienced massive growth in sales of our environmentally friendly fish feed on the Egyptian market.

Therefore we decided to construct an additional production line, which we are now ready to put into service.”

He continues, “We established ourselves in the country in 2011 and has since worked hard at building a strong organisation and modern production facilities.”

"Best product for aquaculture in the Middle East” Last month the company won an award for the "Best product for aquaculture in the Middle East” at an exhibition in Dubai. The company won the award for the second year running. These awards increase the interest for Aller Aqua’s products in the Middle East, for example in the UAE, to where Aller Aqua just began exporting feeds.

However, running a business in Egypt has its challenges.

The country is experiencing major political and financial challenges. In 2016 the country’s currency was devalued by 60 percent overnight, and in 2011 the country went through a revolution in connection with the “Arab Spring”.

These challenges have however not deterred us from

expanding our activities on the African continent, and this year we will invest US $10 million in building a new factory in Zambia, which is due to open this autumn.

Aquaculture is the world’s fastest growing food sector – and particularly Africa with its fast-growing population, countries as such will need healthy food in the coming years.

ANIMAL PROTEINS • Hemoglobin • Plasma • FEED ADDITIVES • INGREDIENTS • RAW MATERIALS www.internationalproteinllc.com Tel: +1-201-224-3700 • Email: info@internationalproteinllc.com International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 15

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

Alternative feed proteins: Native wheat starch and vital wheat gluten

T

he global demand and consumption of fish is increasing year by year and its impressive growth rate, especially over the last two decades, is a good reason for Jäckering Mühlenund Nährmittelwerke GmbH, as one of the leading manufacturers of native wheat starch and vital wheat gluten in Europe, to deliver into this sector and to target both the European fish farms as well as those in South America or Asia.

Gluten is high in protein and provides nutritional value.

It is widely used as a natural ingredient alternative for fishmeal in aquafeed formulations. With its protein content of 82 percent (N x 6.25) it can be used in diets for various fish species.

Besides being a high-protein ingredient, gluten is also used for other significant reasons in fish farming where amongst others growth performance, gut health, digestibility and suitable binding play very important roles.

Numerous studies have investigated the use of vital wheat gluten in fish feeding and have shown that it can positively influence all of the above.

The visco-elasticity is very important for extruded feeds as it allows for suitable binding, which improves water stability of extrudates and ensures a good physical quality of fish feed pellets. Indigestible binders can be replaced.

Gluten is an interesting amino-acid source that allows for better growth performance of some species. Its glutamine content helps to improve gut health. All in all, the replacement

of fishmeal by vital wheat gluten is well established.

Founded in 1910, the company developed from a small wheat mill to a multinational enterprise with a huge global customer portfolio in different industries.

The company is owner-managed in its third generation and thrives for superior quality, sustainability, far-sighted decision-making and trailblazing innovation. With its headquarters and production site in Hamm, Westphalia in Germany, Jäckering is at an ideal logistics location for all of Europe thanks to its central location and good infrastructure.

The Jäckering mill processes currently 300,000 tonnes of wheat per year, which results in an output of 150,000 tonnes of native wheat starch and 25,000 tonnes of vital wheat gluten, under the brand name WEIPRO. The starch is mainly sold into the paper industry, whereas the gluten has its biggest outlet in the food industry as well as in the feed milling industry. The production of vital wheat gluten is a by-product process where gluten is derived from wheat after starch extraction.

Jäckering is not only big in wheat starch and gluten, for it has various other business units, such as its machinery business. The so-called Altenburger Maschinen Jäckering GmbH manufacturers air turbulence mills and dryerpulveriser under the brand name Ultra rotor.

These machines are unique, allowing for micronization only or for micronization and drying at the same time.

Difficult products, such as semi-sticky material, can be handled easily.

16 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

COMMERCIAL COPEPOD PRODUCTION - a World first

T

by Björn Ronge, Marketing Director, C-Feed, Norway

he market for copepods is enormous. All marine fish and crustaceans eat copepods as the natural prey during their first live stages in the wild and therefore get the nutritional components they need. The high levels of Omega 3 fatty acids (DHA, EPA) in the copepods strengthen the larvae to survive the highly stressful and sensible first live phase.

C-Feed is the world’s first commercial producer of live copepods and copepod eggs. Started in 2014, but with over 15 years of background research from the Norwegian university of science and technology and SINTEF Sealab, C-Feed opened the doors to the first industrial scale production plant for copepods in 2016. Based in Trondheim, the center of aquaculture in Norway, there was a lot of great competence and experience available for realising this milestone.

To this date, we are the only producer in the world capable of producing large enough quantities to supply the global aquaculture industry. C-feed can produce over 10 billion copepod eggs every month already and will most likely times this by 10 come 2018.

In marine aquaculture today there are no good substitutes to this natural feed for the larvae. They get fed either with micro-pellets or fish-oil enriched microorganisms like rotifers and artemia.

One big problem with these feeds, other than a lack in nutritional quality, is the high amounts of “free” organic material that is put in the larvae tanks. The fish oil and dissolving pellets produce perfect growing conditions for opportunistic bacteria and other pathogens. The bad water quality in these tanks can additionally stress the fish and lead to high mortality. In sustainable aquaculture we cannot accept mortality rates of over 50 percent as normality in many marine species due to bad larvae nutrition.

In the last year we have performed a number of large scale feeding trials with some of Europe’s biggest producers of marine fish, specifically Sea Bream, Turbot and Ballan Wrasse, and the results speak for themselves. The fish farmers have seen a great reduction in mortality, faster growth rates and reduction in

C-Feed is the world’s first commercial producer of live copepods and copepod eggs. Started in 2014, but with over 15 years of background research from the Norwegian university of science and technology and SINTEF Sealab, C-Feed opened the doors to the first industrial scale production plant for copepods in 2016.

A sterile and controlled work environment is essential to producing copepods and guarantees a bio-secure feed product

18 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Image courtesy of ©Tora Bardal

FEATURE

FEATURE

deformities. In particular, the deformation problems have been an added workload burden for fish farmers so they are very glad to finally see a solution to the, sometimes, high levels of low quality fish.

Although the fish larvae only get fed with copepods for a few days in the start phase, and sometimes in so called “Co-feeding” where a combination with other feeds such as rotifers or Artemia is fed, the effects of this high quality nutrition lasts for the entire live span of the fish. That means that, in addition to getting more fish, even the harvested fish shows higher quality than traditionally fed fish.

Not only is it exciting to improve the production of existing fish species, but even more, the fact that our copepods are opening opportunities to farm new species, impossible to get past the early larvae stage before. We have performed experiments on atlantic blue fin tuna (ABF), one of the world’s most sought after and expensive fish and increased survival in the larvae phase by more than 500 percent. Other species of interest include Great Amberjack, Grouper, Meagre and different shrimp species.

Also, the international market for exotic ornamental (aquarium) fish is in high demand of copepods to cultivate and breed efficiently. The reason we can use the same feeding organism on so many species is due to the biological life cycle of the copepods. They go through 14 life stages (different sizes), growing approximately one stage every day and can therefore be grown to the exactly right size for every fish larvae. Some larvae with very small mouths get the newly hatched copepods that are not bigger than 70µm in length and others prefer our copepods at the later stages with up to 1.5 mm length.

C-Feed’s success in cultivating copepods lies in the improvement of a large variety of production parameters.

Adult copepods only lay eggs when given the perfect environment As the marketing Director, Björn Ronge is closely following every step of the production to guarantee only perfect egg batches are sent to customers

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 19

FEATURE

from Brazil to Japan, these are exciting times for a copepod Copepods are quite sensitive organisms to get to lay eggs. producer. Every day more and more marine fish farmers get to Everything needs to be absolutely perfect and that is quite hear about the benefits from feeding copepods and we are at a difficult to achieve in the large scale. It took over 15 years to new hatchery almost weekly to show or set-up a copepod system. figure out all parameters. Therefore the dedication and expertise No one wants to lack behind when it comes to innovations that of our team is another fundamental factor for the success when give such great benefits. working with such a special and new organism. ulture | 2017For Zooplankton Week Adspecialised | Theme: The Plankton Design: A | we Version: 2 our system implemented as For| the near future hope to get example, we have three biologists that take People the “normal” production method for the species we work with care of the key areas, algae production (used as feed for the nternational Aquafeed | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm today in Europe. There is always a little tediousness when it copepods), copepod incubation/rearing, and fish related feeding comes to changing established systems but some of our clients strategies. This, in combination with a strong technical and will soon be ready. customer relations team that is closely involved on site when Also we would like to do some large-scale trials with shrimp feeding trials are performed, have given us these great results and farmers. This is the largest aquaculture market in the world and lasting collaborations. all shrimp eat copepods in the wild.

With many European customers, and cooperation anywhere

DANIEL CO

Reed Mariculture: The Plankton People © 2017 REED MARICULTURE INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ENSURING HATCHERY SUCCESS AND THE PLANKTON PEOPLE ARE TRADEMARKS OF REED MARICULTURE INC.

™

We take care of the little guys Reed Mariculture advances the growth of aquaculture around the globe with the highest quality MICROALGAE CONCENTRATES, LIVE ROTIFERS and COPEPODS for clean-start production—bulk quantities available. Your resource for information & technical support.

Reed Mariculture E N S U R I N G H A T C H E R Y S U C C E S S™

L E A R N M O R E AT :

R E E D M A R I C U LT U R E . C O M / Z O O P L A N K T O N - W E E K 20 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

We care for animals.

And people alike.

NUTRIAD: FEED ADDITIVES WITH AN ADDED HUMAN TOUCH Here at Nutriad, we’re just as concerned about the animals we feed, as about our clients – and their customers.

Thus, we only produce the best feed additives and solutions possible, making sure your animals, in their turn, produce their best performance. And making sure your business thrives just as well.

Interested in how we can help your business thrive better?

Find out more at www.nutriad.com or contact us directly.

FEATURE

Omega-3

innovation

New algal oil derived from natural marine algae Evonik and DSM recently announced to establish a joint venture for omega-3 fatty acid products from natural marine algae for animal nutrition. This breakthrough innovation will, for the first time, enable the production of omega-3 fatty acids for animal nutrition without using fish oil from wild caught fish, a finite resource.

International Aquafeed Magazine caught up with Dr Christoph Kobler from Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH and Dr David Nickell from DSM Nutritional Products Ltd to find out more about this ground breaking idea.

Christoph Kobler is Head of Product Line Sustainable Healthy Nutrition at Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH. He holds a PhD in Chemistry from University of Stuttgart.

David Nickell is Vice President for Global Marketing & Business Development, Animal Nutrition and Health at DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. He received a PhD in Aquaculture from University of Stirling.

Can you give the readers an overview of what your breakthrough is?

Kobler: We are the first to offer a liquid, non fish-based

alternative source of long chain omega-3-fatty acids. By the help of natural marine algae, we produce an algal oil that contains a natural balance of both essential omega-3-fatty acids EPA and DHA – a true market first. Also, the exceptionally high concentration of active ingredients at greater than 50 percent, increases the flexibility in feed formulation.

Nickell: Furthermore, our new algal oil can be applied in feed

production in the same way as fish oil. That means feed and pet food producers can easily introduce it in the process. To meet the increasing demand for omega-3-fatty acids in animal nutrition, we will manufacture at an industrial scale. The initial annual production capacity will meet roughly 15 percent of the total current annual demand for EPA and DHA by the salmon aquaculture industry.

What prompted the joint venture?

Nickell: The success was only possible thanks to the

complementary competencies that both of our two companies bring to the collaboration. DSM has expertise in the cultivation of marine organisms including algae whilst Evonik’s focus has been on developing industrial biotechnology processes and operating at large-scales. Our teamwork across companies, countries, and cultures is fantastic and we consider our joint venture the perfect way of collaborating.

Can you give me an overview of the development process with regard to the time taken and the testing criteria?

Kobler: Our joint development agreement signed in 2015

was a starting point for very intensive work on the algae strain as well as on the production process. We gained the micro algae “Schizochytrium” from the marine environment.

It is a heterotrophic organism producing both EPA and DHA and therefore particularly suitable for large-scale production processes, as it does not depend on sunlight, for instance.

What is the main benefit to the aquaculture industry?

Nickell: Our algal oil enables the aquaculture industry to keep

up with the increasing demand for EPA and DHA. As a non-fish source of these nutrients the algal oil is vital for further growth of the industry. It solves the problem of an already looming gap between the supply and demand of EPA and DHA, which currently is primarily sourced from fish oil. In light of this, we expect our algal oil to play a role in curbing overfishing and helping aquaculture grow in a more sustainable way. For the first time, chances are good that the fish-in-fish-out ratio in the aquaculture business eventually reaches zero.

22 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

How has the industry received the results and product?

Kobler: We are in dialogue with various key stakeholders all

along the value chain from fish feed producers, fish farmers to retailers. Some of them are already undertaking pilot trials to test our product in practice. There is more collaboration to follow, as we are in the midst of negotiations with several key customers interested in the product. Also, since our announcement on the 8th of March and our presence at the North Atlantic Seafood Forum in Bergen, the positive response has been overwhelming.

We are definitely going to hit the ground running now.

BALANCE IS EVERYTHING!

What are some of the challenges that you have overcome, both in development and production?

Nickell: There were several challenges we had to master just

like in any development process. For instance, it was very difficult to turn algal biomass into highly concentrated oil. Also, it was necessary to optimize fermentation conditions to maximize the yield of EPA and DHA and in this respect; up scaling from a research environment to a commercial scale had been a challenge.

Furthermore, we have designed a very sustainable process, because biomass surplus from the oil production is a promising product for other sorts of feed, such as that used for beef cattle.

"Our new algal oil can be applied in feed production in the same way as fish oil.

That means feed and pet food producers can easily introduce it in the process" Can you tell me a little bit about the future plans for the innovation?

Kobler: Currently, the establishing of the joint venture is subject

to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.

We plan to build a production facility for our algal oil coming on stream in 2019. The new facility will then allow for a commercial scale. Meanwhile, customers will be able to receive sizeable quantities of the product for pilot production. These quantities are currently being produced at the DSM site in Kingstree, United States.

Are there any applications for this outside of the industry, which can be applied to human health for instance?

Nickell: Aquaculture and here especially farmed salmon, trout,

and shrimp is our most important target market. Also, pets utilise significant amounts of omega-3-fatty acids in their diet, which makes pet food another focus market for us. Moreover, we are developing applications for other aquatic and terrestrial animal species. The scope of our joint venture, however, entirely comprises animal nutrition.

More information: www.evonik.com www.dsm.com

BiolexŽ MB40 – effective MOS for: Active support and relief of the immune system High bonding power & inactivation of pathogens/toxins in the intestinal lumen Prebiotic effects on the microflora in the intestine

leibergmbh.de

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 23

FEATURE

Feed project boosts redclaw crayfish industry

I

by John Stevenson, Queensland Crayfish Farmers Association President, Australia

n 2001, with continuing encouragement and financial support from the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the peak body of the redclaw crayfish farming industry – Queensland Crayfish Farmers Association (QCFA) – engaged James Cook University (JCU) to conduct a research project into feed and nutrition for redclaw titled “Boosting Redclaw Industry Productivity with Improved Feed and Nutrition Management” Farming redclaw crayfish is still a fledging industry in Northern Australia, having its inception in the early 1990s. This project is the second as part of an initiative by QCFA to conduct an ongoing research program to raise the level of professionalism of the industry and ensure there is a sound knowledge base for incoming farmers. The potential for success in farming redclaw is in no doubt, but knowledge is a necessary ingredient of success, and research projects such as this one and others supported by RIRDC are steps toward building a prosperous, thriving industry.

The five years, two-stage project considered practical aspects such as desirable pellet size, water stability and optimal feeding regime in Stage One. Stage two was an in-depth investigation into the actual nutritional requirements of redclaw, trialing alternative ingredients and developing a practical feeding standard specifically for redclaw. Information on this subject was practically nonexistent, as no in depth study had ever previously been done into the specific nutritional requirements of redclaw crayfish. Consequently, there was little reliable information in the archives for the researchers to build upon.

The redclaw industry had considerable involvement in the project, continuing their close association with JCU. Contributing to financial support, supply of animals for trials, access to working farms for researchers to gather practical information and conduct trials and meeting for progress reports and discussion, were some of the ways the industry kept close ties with the progress of the project.

The project began at grass roots level utilising stable isotope technology to determine the actual nutritional requirements of redclaw and assessing the degree of benefits of past feeds and feeding practices. The project then moved on to running seven lengthy trials comparing animal acceptability and nutritional benefit of meat, fish and plant based diet; determining the effect of varying ratios of vitamin E and selenium; optimising protein and energy levels for growth, as well as considering the cost and environmental issues.

A plant based diet proved to be the most attractive to the redclaw,

Redclaw farmer Ross Martin ready to feed with the QCFA Redclaw Feed

the cheapest to manufacture, resulted in the best growth rates and was the most environmentally friendly. This was considered a win of gigantic proportions by the industry. It was also found that the protein requirement for redclaw was some 30 percent greater than previously believed while still being quite low compared to other crustaceans.

Following the conclusion of the project by JCU and publication of the results in December 2015, the industry itself engaged in the task of optimising the actual composition of the feed to satisfy the project outcomes and optimise integrity and water stability of the pellets for an acceptable period. This work was done during 2016 with the assistance and co-operation of the Advanced Rural feed mill in North Queensland. The pellet produced contained a minimum amount of fines and held its shape in water for two to four hours. Further water stability improvements were made at some additional cost.

Four hours is a vast improvement on the performance previously attained. The proposed “Tracking Project” to monitor the behaviour of redclaw under water will tell us more about the feeding habits of redclaw as well as many other important, at this time unknown, behavourial traits. The farmers voted to adopt the second best option pending the availability of further knowledge of just how long the pellet needed to last and if the additional cost was justified.

The feed has been used by farmers during 2016 as an integral part of the implementation trials. Indeed, farmers are reporting up to 15 percent increase in production and an amazing level of animal acceptance and attractability.

The full project Final Report from JCU is available from RIRDC. For further information www.queenslandredclaw.org

24 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

Blue Revolution

Driving East Africa’s

by Menno Morenc, Larive International

Many donor-driven attempts at developing the East African aquaculture sector have failed, until a Dutch-East African initiative adopted an innovative approach and the FoodTechAfrica project was born.

W

orldwide, aquaculture produces more than what is caught from the wild. However, this is not yet so in Africa. Of the global aquaculture output, only 2.5 percent is farmed in Africa, according to the FAO and most of this is concentrated in two countries; Nigeria and Egypt.

Now contrast that with an African population set to rise from one to two billion (>20 percent of the world’s population) and the stage is set for a blue revolution.

Demand for fish in Africa is thus going up, whilst wildcatch is declining. In East Africa, Lake Victoria, wild catch declined by half on the Kenyan side of the lake. This leaves fish farming or importing fish as the two main options to provide fish to the growing consumer base. Africa is under the spotlight when it comes to global food security, and food security is best achieved by sustainable local production.

Thus, it is important to look inland, towards sustainable farming of freshwater fish.

FoodTechAfrica

Enabling sustainable fish farming is why FoodTechAfrica was established in 2013 as a public-private partnership combining the strength and expertise of 14 partners, all of which are active in the aquaculture value chain. Together, they created and put in place an approach towards creating a sustainable aquaculture sector in East Africa, starting with the basics: • Feed • Fingerlings • Sustainable production systems • Processing The well balanced mix of partners each play their indispensable role. Unga Group Limited, Nutreco, Ottevanger Milling Engineers and Almex Extrusion Techniques set up aquafeed production. Fishion, Holland Aqua, Viqon and Kamuthanga Farm pioneered on local recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) production. Wageningen University and Research and Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) laid the academic groundwork. The project was initiated and is currently managed by Larive International, and its East African partner Lattice Consulting. The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, enthused by the project’s approach and strength of the individual partners, provided co-financing.

Locally produced aquafeeds

To date, most government and donor programs have aimed at stimulating aquaculture in East Africa by focusing on smallholder farms and stimulating their output. However, fish feeds make up roughly 70 percent of the cost for a fish farmer. So, not having local fish feed production is like having a ‘truck without an engine’. It’s hard to get moving. With the combined expertise of Ottevanger Milling Engineers, Almex, Nutreco and Unga, a fish

26 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

feed facility was opened last March, producing high-quality feed in the heart of East Africa, Kenya.

Unga, manufacturer of human nutrition and animal nutrition products, invested in a fish feed plant, producing the greatly needed floating extruded fish feed pellets and eliminating the single most important impediment to the growth of aquaculture in the region. The facility can produce 5,000 tonnes of floating pellets for the local market, coming in a four-part-offering from ‘starter’ to ‘finisher’ feeds and based on the lifecycle of the Tilapia fish.

“We have a vision of aquafarming being as popular as dairy farming” According to Unga Holdings Limited Board Chair, Ms. Isabella Ochola-Wilson, the factory is “In line with our Vision of ‘Nutrition for Life’, Unga has taken a bold step – investing, with the support of funding from the Dutch Government – Kshs.

225,000,000 (approximately €2m) in a state-of-the-art fish feed production facility to serve an aquaculture industry still in its infancy. It is the first facility of such size and technical capability in East Africa and also worth noting is that it has been designed with the flexibility to double capacity within a very short timeframe.”

Sustainable Production Systems

Aquaculture requires stakeholders, farmers and investors to ‘think ahead’. Especially in East Africa, where water and land become ever more scarce resources, fish farming should use the International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 27

FEATURE

least amount of these resources as possible. The FoodTechAfrica partner Kamuthanga, together with their Dutch counterparts Fishion, Viqon and Holland Aqua have therefore developed a recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), specifically for application in East Africa.

The system has been tested in East Africa for over two years and the results are above and beyond all expectations, outperforming traditional open pond systems in all areas. Annual production per square meter is 100-150kg, compared to 0.5-1.5kg for an open pond system. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) – amount of feed needed to grow a kilo of fish - is 1.3 for the closed farm and 2.5 for an open pond. The semi-intensive aerated system is fully controlled, from hatchery, pre-grow-out and grow-out, providing 50-100 times the output as compared to a traditional East African fish pond of the same surface. Furthermore, the system slashes the growth period for tilapia in half. Based on these premises, the adapted system represents a viable business case in which a farmer can sustainably supply year round fresh fish for the local market.

Value chain approach: Fingerlings and Processing

True to its holistic approach, FoodTechAfrica partners invest in all links of the value chain. At the start of the aquaculture value chain are fingerlings. Proper fish farming requires breeds developed specifically for aquaculture. Using improved varieties of tilapia increases breeding success, fish growth rates and their survival and success in aquaculture production systems. Investing in fingerling production has enabled the partnership to produce not only for its own production but also increasingly, other fish farmers are being supplied with quality genetic material.

Getting fresh fish to the market is the final, yet equally important, step of the value chain. Preventing wastage requires a holistic approach to include processing, packaging, marketing and distribution of fish. Existing team expertise and proven 28 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

solutions are being blended with local insights in how to best serve local consumers with fresh, healthy fish.

Looking ahead

After having established local feed, fingerling, fish and processing capacity, the partners are looking to scale-up, as the five-year FoodTechAfrica project has only been the first step towards its ambition to start a blue revolution in East Africa. This revolution will only be achieved by involving other investors and farmers. However, involvement can sometimes be hampered by the lack of financial means to invest in large fish production facilities.

To solve this issue, the partners have developed a stand-alone, modular and aerated production unit. The unit will be demonstrated from the second half of 2017 onwards in Kenya and will be open to interested fish farming entrepreneurs. The unit will be rolled out to investors who want to invest in the technology and sign them up so that we start the blue revolution. In due time, details on the features and performance of the unit will be published in Aquafeed and on the FoodTechAfrica website.

When the partners first started in East Africa in 2013, they had a vision of starting a blue revolution, or in the words of Winnie Ouko, CEO of Lattice Consulting “We have a vision of aquafarming being as popular as dairy farming�. The FoodTechAfrica consortium has shown commitment ever since, building out its partnership, and taking important steps towards realising that vision. www.foodtechafrica.com Visit the FoodTechAfrica stand at the WAS 2017 in Cape Town (Stand #82) International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 29

FEATURE

FISHMEAL …

OR BEYOND

A special report published this month by Rabobank’s RaboResearch Food & Agribusiness team

F

Sustaining fishmeal in the modern aquaculture market

ishmeal’s increasing scarcity over recent years has led to the rise in the production of alternative protein ingredients being sourced to keep up with aquaculture’s continuing demand for increased production, says a major report on fishmeal newly-released by RaboResearch Food & Agribusiness, compiled by Gorjan Nikolik and Beyhan de Jong.

“With now one good season in Peru behind us and another good season on the way, supply is good and prices have stabilised at a relatively lower level.

“With scarcity of fishmeal and fish oil and high prices, many projects for alternative meals and oils have been stated worldwide.

Many are in the pre-profit start-up phase,” say the authors.

“We combine these two observations to make the conclusion that the next few years will be decisive for the rising alternatives producers. Some will emerge and achieve scale, which may in the medium-term further erode prices or at least prevent prices from rising again to what they had been.

“This means all the others will need to find niche markets for their products,” they add.

Therefore, a need for solid growth strategies has presented itself, which companies are keen to exploit in order to remain profitable and competitive. It is prudent to take a look at some of the economic factors of supply and demand that surround the issue of fishmeal.

Demand and supply

The report ‘Fishmeal … or beyond’, published on May 14, 2017

by Rabobank, says aquaculture is responsible for consuming approximately 70 percent of the total fishmeal production and 73 percent of the total fish oil production.

This has been growing in recent decades, however capture fishery production has remained largely stagnant.

Currently, around two-thirds of aquaculture is based on extensive farming practices, using very little feed. However, intensive fish farming has driven the need for a more formulated feed. This combined with the fact that a large percentage of the farmed species are carnivorous, thus further placing a strain on the demand for quality fishmeal, says the report.

The farming industry as a whole is developing for new species, such as Bluefin Tuna, newly discovered species from the Amazon or Cobia. These will attract a premium price, and will drive the demand higher. Examples of extensive aquaculture include carp, mussels and oysters. Intensive aquaculture can be found with

salmon, shrimp catfish and sea bream.

Supply, by contrast, has declined, the authors say.

The amount of fishmeal that can be produced has been affected by many factors.

Climate change or weather unpredictability, such as El Nino, has ravaged the Peruvian anchovy supply, which has in turn led to a very volatile market.

“In the past two decades fishmeal production has declined by more than two million tonnes and hit the lowest level in 2016 with an estimated volume of 4.2 million tonnes.

“The knock on effect has been felt by the production of human food and pet food.”

Fish trimmings of small pelagic fish used in these food stocks have led to a decline in the amount available to producers.

Although it is pleasing that better use of these fish trimmings, as offal, has mitigated the contraction in production volume.

Finally, unsustainable harvest practices have lowered the yield in fishmeal ingredients, which, combined with the other factors, has strained an already stretched situation leading to a negative economy of scale.

Alternative protein feed sources

As with all markets, scarcity of a commodity attracts investment and Peru is no exception.

The rise of algal-, bacterial- and insect-based feed alternatives has been warmly received across the industry. As these volumes grow, the cost of production will decline to create a selfsustainable project.

Common alternatives currently use plant-based or animal byproducts for feed, which has limitations. Plant-based sources have complex ingredients that are inherent in their composition such as anti-nutrients, unbalanced amino acids, and low protein. Animal by-products have a lack of mineral nutritional content and come in limited supply.

New alternative ingredients such as guar protein (a co-product of the production of guar gum) krill or mesopelagic fish are rich in omega-3 and are good sources of fatty acids.

Bacterial and insect feed have a high potential too, but algae feed has seen the sharpest rise in investment, says the report.

Bacterial protein meals cover a wide variety of species.

In production, a number of substrates such as dry, liquid and methane carbon dioxide (CO2) can be used. The production of these feeds is highly sustainable with limited water use and zero land agricultural use.

“They do not use ingredients from animals and do not compete with the human food chain. However, there are still

30 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

some legislative barriers that are slowly being resolved. Their usage has been seen in the EU and they are in the final stages of authorisation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).”

Insects

Insects by contrast are promising, but the uptake in investment opportunity has been slower than that of bacteria or algae feeds.

Black soldier flies and mealworms are the most widely used insects in feed ingredient production.

However, several other types of insects are used in protein production such as grasshoppers and crickets.

The bio-growth of insects can be achieved in a number of conditions and this overcomes one of the main bottlenecks of lower production volumes. Insects are a reliable and cheap feedstock which allows for relatively easier entry to the market.

Hence, a number of insect-rearing companies are present in the market. As with bacteria feed, legal restriction has hindered their use, however, cooperation between insect technology companies and large agribusiness industry is healthy.

A joint venture between Protix and Bühler has the goal of insect farming and as more companies unify, the outlook is positive.

Key agriculture industry and aquaculture value chain companies are involved in the development of algae ingredients, with a particular focus on algae oil.

Microalgae oil is the natural source of high-quality EPA and DHA, which can decrease the sole dependency on FO for omega-3 fatty acids. Given the sustainable nature of the algae feed, the intended target is salmon farming.

However, it is not only through fish we, as humans can benefit. Algae oil is also highly commercialised for direct human consumption, in omega-3 supplements and through the production of culinary oil. The sheer projected scale means that in the mid term, 20-30 percent of non-vegetable source oil used will be from algae sources.

2%

22% 6%

Use of fishmeal by market 2015

• Aquaculture • Chicken • Pig • Other

70% 6%

21%

Use of fish oil by market, 2015

• Aquaculture Direct human • consumption • Other

73%

Recovery outlook

Despite the seemingly bleak outlook, there is good news on the horizon as recovery is expected in 2017.

Peru holds the status of a key territory in the stabilisation of global fishmeal production. After climatic change, things are now normalising.

A lack of El Nino and improving wild biomass has rejuvenated the market. The total allowable catch, which previously was lowered over the course of the last few fishing seasons, is set in 2017 for anchovies at 2.8 million tonnes, which is 56 percent higher than last year.

Further, if conditions prevail, an increase in supply of 500,000 tonnes a year is expected.

The role of fishmeal in fish feed has changed, as a result of its decreased supply and increased prices. The historical correlation between fishmeal and soymeal has weakened, as thus, fishmeal became more of a strategic investment ingredient in fish feed.

… or beyond

The next few years will be decisive for the rising alternatives producers.

“Some will emerge and achieve scale, which may in the midterm, erode prices or at least prevent prices from rising again to what they had been. This means all the others will need to find niche markets for their products where pure price competition is avoided or they will need to have investors with a longterm view, as profitability may take longer to be achieved than previously expected,” they conclude.

Contacts For a more detailed copy of the research please contact the authors at RaboResearch - Animal Protein sector team below: Gorjan Nikolik Senior Analyst Animal Protein RaboResearch Food & Agribusiness +31 30 71 23825 Gorjan.Nikolik@rabobank.com Beyhan de Jong Associate Analyst Animal Protein RaboResearch Food & Agribusiness +31 30 71 21055 Beyhan.de.Jong@rabobank.com

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 31

FEATURE

A success story

L

Ecuadorian shrimp farming

by Hervé Lucien-Brun, Aquaculture & Qualite, France

ocated between Colombia and Peru on the Pacific cost of the South American continent, Ecuador is a small Latin American country, with only 277,000 square kilometers of land and 2,200 km of coastline. Nevertheless, Ecuador is one of the world’s major players in farmed shrimp production (Fig. 1), especially if we look at the shrimp production ratios relative to the land surface (Fig. 2) or to the length of coastline of the considered countries (Fig. 3).

Shrimp farming in Ecuador started in 1969 with the extensive method, which consisted of capturing the seeds from the estuaries and then transporting them into the earth ponds where they were maintained during four to eight months in order to reach a marketable size. The size of the ponds was from 10 to over 50 hectares. Today, almost 185,000 thousand hectares of ponds are dedicated to shrimp production mostly located in the Guayaquil area (look Fig. 4). The individual size of a shrimp farm ranges from less than 10 hectares to more than 2,000, but a large majority (almost 35 percent), in terms of surface are between 100 to 250Ha (Fig. 5). This repartition is different when talking about the number of farms (Tab. 1).

The density of shrimp farms in the Guayas is really impressive with a lot of ecological connections between all farms. So it is almost impossible that one shrimp can be isolated from others (Fig. 6). It is also important to insist on the fact that the water quality is variable in a lot of farms according to their position in the delta. During the winter and rainy season, the temperature is elevated but the salinity is very low to almost 0ppt in many farms; during the summer and dry season, the temperature is lower and the salinity higher (from 10ppt to 36ppt according the farm situation). Despite these not being the optimal theoretical condition for sustainable shrimp farming, Ecuador has pioneered and led shrimp farming production in Latin America.

What happened from 1970-2000?

During the late 70s and early 80s, the farming method moved towards semi-intensive techniques such as increasing water

changes through the implementation of pumping stations and feeding shrimp with compound feed produced by local enterprises. During that period, Ecuadorean growers relied almost entirely on post larvae (PL’s), collected in the wild by artisanal fishermen, to stock their ponds. Estimates vary, but apparently more than 90,000 people were involved in this fishery.

In 1984, the year following the very strong Niño phenomena, the lack of wild PL’s pushed farm owners to build hatcheries. As a result, throughout the late 80s, more than 65 large hatcheries and a lot of smaller ones were built, mostly along the Peninsula de Santa Helena, which takes the famous name of the hatchery raw. The biologists who built these hatcheries were of various nationalities - Ecuadorian, American, Mexican, English, French and Filipinos. A large majority of these hatcheries were built following the Aquacop design or the Galveston one. In 2014, a total of 110 hatcheries were registered by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Fisheries, which are able to produce a total of more than five billion PL’s per month.

Apart from very few foreign-owned companies (between 2-4), Table 1: Number of ecuadorian shrimp farms per size and per provinces Provinces

Guayas & Santa Helenta

Manabi

0-10 Ha

148

203

166

10-20 Ha

107

146

20-30 Ha

118

94

30-40 Ha

79

43

Unit size of farms

El Oro

Esmeralda

Total N ̊

%

88

605

20%

215

82

550

18%

153

38

403

13%

93

29

244

8%

40-50 Ha

112

50

87

17

266

9%

50-100 Ha

229

38

127

21

415

14%

100-250 Ha

330

28

71

14

443

15%

250-500

60

3

6

11

80

3%

500-1,000 Ha

24

-

4

2

30

1%

1,000-2,000 Ha

8

-

-

1

9

0%

UP 2,000 Ha TOTAL

1

-

-

-

1

0%

1 216

605

992

303

3 046

100%

32 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

the development of shrimp aquaculture in Ecuador was carried out by Ecuadorian investors. Indeed, the production of farmed shrimp in Ecuador has gradually risen despite incidents such as Seagull syndrome in 1989 and the Taura Syndrome in 1993. But it is especially the WSSV outbreak of 1999-2000, which had marked a real turning point in the history of shrimp farming in Ecuador (Fig.7).

Before 1999, it was always a big issue about whether to farm wild or hatchery PL’s. For until this period, all the hatcheries used to work exclusively with wild caught brood stock to load the maturation tanks and even with ready-to-spawn females that fishermen brought every day in hatcheries.

Most of the farmers preferred wild PL’s, although not so much because of a real difference in quality, but rather because most of the time the negotiations after counting the number of PL’s was easier for them with fishermen than with hatchery biologists.

It is important to say that the bonus of the biologists was not calculated according to the survival in on-growing ponds not based on the number of really stocked PL’s but on the number of the purchased PL’s. Nevertheless, when they were buying seed in a hatchery, they were always very concerned by the PL’s quality and they used to revise carefully the breeding forms and the results of the stress test.

Special attention has always been placed upon the PL’s acclimatisation to the water quality of ponds and not just on the salinity or the temperature. For that, farms were equipped with fixed or mobile acclimatisation stations. Acclimatisation is to gradually change the water transport with the pool water. This can last for 48 hours depending on the water quality of the rearing tank.

There were no plans for domestication and genetic selection even fewer. Some companies had tried to import animals SPF

Figure 1: 2015 national farmed shrimp production

Figure 2: 2015 ratio national farmed shrimp production vs country land area

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 33

FEATURE

from Hawaii, but it had always ended in the failures.

After the TSV outbreak, some of the big farms started to consider things with a fresh perspective and change began. But the failures were neither strong nor long enough to really call the attention of the farm owners. During the end of 1999 to 2000, the failures become really serious due to a WSSV outbreak and the question of the survival of the shrimp aquaculture industry was seriously threatened.

Most of the free land to implement new shrimp farms was already occupied and it was almost impossible to develop new shrimp farms to compensate for the mortality, as this was done in some other countries. So to be efficient and to revive shrimp production in Ecuador, all aspects had to be considered.

As an immediate response, in order to limit the impact of the drop of incomes consequent to the collapse of production, most of the major groups reduced their costs by sharing their fixed costs facilities as hatcheries and packing plants, and closing the non-used ones. They started to improve the technology by working on several levels of the production chain.

One of the first measures was to prohibit the importation of livestock, frozen elements and especially the use of wild brood stock and/or wild larvae that could potentially carry diseased vectors.

For better control on the health of the animal as well as more efficient biosecurity, the production flow was divided into four phases: 1. Hatchery: 15-18 days Nauplii to PL9 (≈ 500 PL’s/gr) 2. Nursery: 15 days, PL9 to PL24 (≈ 15 PL’s/gr) 3. Pregrowing during 15 to 25 days up to 0,6 to one grammes: Mostly in intensive in covered raceways.

ture t acul ntinen u q A o c d l n Wor Africa time. e t h s r t i f s visit or the in us!

Cape f Jo

2017, June 27 - 30 Town - South Africa

Sustainable Aquaculture New Frontiers For Economic Growth The Annual International Conference & Exposition of World Aquaculture Society African Chapter, WAS

all info: www.was.org

But also in semi-intensive in small earthen ponds 4. Grow out in large earthen pond during 90 to120 days to reach harvest size18 to 22 grammes More specifically, the main measures taken by the most important companies that have had a direct impact on the revival and growth of the Ecuadorian production of farmed shrimp can be summarised in the following points.

Brood stock and genetics

Considering that most of the pathogens are present in the environment of the farms, the purpose of the Ecuadorian shrimp breeders was to select strains of shrimp with high survival in shrimp farms that were themselves respectful to biodiversity.

The first real criterion of selection was the survival. The second involved the breeders selecting the fastest growers, including using reproduction indicators in the hatchery.

Based on this concept, the breeders have implemented family programs from the first animals selected from particular ponds according to their survival performances, strict health analysis, and external physical condition.

Two schemes were used to create the families: double cousins and some groups are also using the molecular markers technology after a mass selection of the original lines. This second technique allows for the growth of the whole family together, enabling a reduction in facility investment.

The resistance or the tolerance of the families to the main diseases today, WSSV, TSV and EMS, are routinely checked by challenge test. Crossing these families, according to the situation of the farm or specific purposes of the breeders, produces the lines used as brood stock in maturation.

After a first conditioning, for at least 15 days following their reception in the hatchery, the animals are bleached using feed supplemented with OTC. Then the brood stock are selected, tagged, and transferred to maturation tanks. During all these steps, probiotics and stress reducers are used as high quality fresh and composed feed such as bloodworms, artemia biomass, mollusks meat and special pellets.

Each female is closely controlled and all the production indicators, for example speed of gonadal and number of spawns, are registered.

To be transferred in larval rearing tanks, the nauplii are selected twice at stages N2 and N5 by phototropism, to only keep the most active and most robust larvae. Before transfer to larvae room, the nauplii are extensively rinsed, at least during 20mn, with a

34 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

1µ (micro) filtered and UV sterilised water flows, and are then disinfected in an iodine bath (3mn, 50ppm).

Hatchery system

As mentioned earlier, most of the Ecuadorian hatcheries are designed following the Aquacop method: long deep tanks with V or U bottom with a single line of aeration and a system to control the water temperature. The tanks are filled with 1µ filtered and UV sterilised seawater.

The N5 are stocked in the larvae tank at low level with high density, almost 250 to 300 N5/liter. Then the level is increased daily step by step with 1µ filtered and UV sterilised seawater.

The larvae are fed with microalgae, microparticles and nauplii of artemia. Today the progress made with the larval rearing techniques have allowed for probiotics to be widely used and have replaced the prophylactic treatments done with antibiotics.

At PL9-10, the post-larvae are transferred in large nursery tanks with lower density where they receive microparticles and nauplii of artemia.

Every day, the larvae are observed and aspects such as the quality index, swimming activity, necrosis percentage, deformities, cells of the hepatopancreas, and digestive tract content are registered. All parameters, water quality, and algae density are controlled twice daily.

Prior to nay transfer, the weight (PL/gr) is controlled as the other quality parameters: grade dispersion, tract content, muscular mass index, swimming activity, internal and external morphology, ectoparasites, total bacterial and Vibrio spp. counts.

A stress test (salinity) is also applied. All unsatisfactory batches of PL’s are destroyed. Thanks to these strict controls, farms receive only robust and suitable quality PL’s.

Figure 3: 2015 National farmed Shrimp production VS length of coastline

Figure 4: In yellow: Shrimp farming area in Ecuador

Pregrowing in covered raceways

At the reception at the grow-out farm, the PL’s are acclimated to the local water condition and then transferred in pre-growing ponds.

Most of the farms have installed raceway used for pre-growing covered by greenhouses. These raceways are using filtered and UV water from the farm pumping station and are managed in recirculation systems with semi-biofloc technology with a very strong aeration. This stage is really key to today's success of Ecuadorian shrimp farmers.

The objectives of this pre-growing step, today widely used in Latin America, especially in Mexico, were to: Reduce replacement of water needed, to reduce temperature

Figure 5: Distribution of Shrimp farm per unit size in the Ecuadorian provinces

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 35

FEATURE

variations and the risk of pathogen carrier introduction.

Control toxic nitrogen components levels.

Maintain the amount of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. as low as possible.

Decrease accumulation of organic matter and avoid settlement of biofloc that could create toxic zones due to generation of hydrogen sulphur and/or methane.

Decrease stress in juvenile larvae due to high number of water replacements.

When they reach an average body weight of 0.6 to one gramme, after 20-30 days, the quality of the juveniles are checked for their quality: activity, external morphology, parasites, total bacterial and Vibrio spp. counts. All the satisfactory animals are transferred in earth on growing ponds.

Thanks to this breeding phase, the grow-out ponds are stocked with healthy juveniles, much more robust than the PL’s, which provides good results.

Figure 6: Illustration of the farm density in the Delta of Guayas. Source: Estaditica S.A. (info@estadistic.com)

On growing: pond maintenance and feeding strategy

For the on-growing phase, Ecuadorian farmers have not sought to intensify farming as many other countries have. They have continued to raise shrimp using a semi-intensive technique with initial densities ranging from eight to 25 juveniles per square meter depending on the qualities of farms, particularly their position relative to the ocean and the size of the ponds.

Two aspects of farming management were particularly focused upon since the WSSV outbreak: management of the pond bottom and the feeding strategy.

The earth ponds in Ecuador are built on sandy clay soil. Most of the time, pond sediment consists of a mixture of settled organic matter, as dead animals or plants fragments and fecal matter, live benthic organisms as algae, protozoa, nematodes, worms, gastropods or larvae of insect, and inorganic minerals.

The soil of the pond bottom, and in particular the mud layer, is considered to be a “chemical laboratory” and the “primary nutrient store” of the pond ecosystem, and as such plays a vital role in the maintenance of pond productivity. Pond mud is constantly analysed to determine its quality and chemical composition for shrimp development.

After each harvest, the organic matter is not mechanically removed but its biodegradation is sought. Ponds are sun dried and plowed to let the sediment break in order to optimise the aerobic condition of the sediment to permit the bacteria to mineralise the organic matter. Probiotics are added to accelerate this process and to contribute to reduce the presence of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp.

The pH of the soil and its alkalinity is increased by lime addition prior to soil turnover. However, the success of pond fertilisation and feeding strategy, in many instances, depends upon the initial drying and/or chemical treatment of the pond bottom with lime. The reservoir and canal of the farm are also concerned by this treatment, at least once a year.

Traditionally, in Ecuador, the feed distribution was performed by using canoe to sprinkle the pellet as homogeneous as possible on the entire surface of the pond, in one or two servings per day. The daily ration was determined empirically according to the experience of the farm manager and its estimation of the shrimp biomass present in the pond. With this technique the FCR was really high, between 1.7 to 2.4:1, which means that a lot of feed was not consumed with two very negative impacts: high pond pollution and excessive non useful expenses. This strategy could be improved by using feed tray samplers to adapt the daily ratio.

Nevertheless, the weak point of this technique is the little

Figure 7: Exportation of Ecuadorian farmed Shrimp

number of feed distributions per day but also the difficulty to estimate properly the real population in the pond. The population estimating is crucial to properly feed the whole crop: the amount of feed given is considered for the total population in the pond.

This feeding strategy had changed by the use of feeding trays to distribute all feed in ponds. This method developed in Peru (M.Viacaca, 1995) allows obtaining a more accurate estimation of the effective feed consumption and more efficient adjustments of the daily ration. This method had permitted to reduce the FCR to a lower range than 1.3:1.

Some farms are using blower feeder, aiming to feed at least three times a day, and better automatic feeders, broadcasting feed of smaller quantity but more often, at least 150 times a day, to limit the loss of extra feed. All ponds are checked with feed tray samplers.

More recently, a new Australian technology (AQ1) has become widely used in Ecuadorian shrimp ponds. This system calculates the feeding ration and automatically distributes the feed according to the calculated frequency based on the demand associated with sound records from the population in the pond while feeding.

This system allowed to observe the possibility of achieving efficiency gains in production that could transform the industry by limiting the production cost and the pond pollution by limiting the quantity of non consumed distributed feed.

With the use of sound feeding systems in local ponds, it has been possible to observe a decrease in feed conversion by a range of 30 percent the survival could be improved by 50 percent and growth rates have increased by 15 percent with a greater number of surviving animals, reducing the need for partial harvests.

Conclusion

To conclude this article, one can say that only a handing-over in complete question made it possible to the Ecuadorian shrimp farmers to rebound after the epidemic of WSSV, which could

36 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

have been fatal for them.

Thus after having a long time preferred to work with wild shrimp as brood stock, gravid females, or post larvae, the Ecuadorian shrimp farmers realised that only domestication could enable them to have a sufficient level of biosecurity to be able to limit the risks of appearance of pathologies. In the same way, this domestication made it possible to develop a certain tolerance, to not talk about resistance with these diseases and also to improve the performances of the farms. The weak point of the Ecuadorian shrimp industry is the fact that the broodstock if grown on the farm harbour risk of taking back new unknown diseases to the hatchery.

One of the main measures that have allowed Ecuadorian shrimp farms to continue producing successfully was the genetic selection of breeding lines that enable good survival rate despite the presence of pathogens.

But before all that, the basis of this success is the selection of rigor throughout the hatchery production cycle providing farmers with robust and healthy PL4s with a high growth and survivals potentials in on-growing farms. The farmers are also very exigent on the PL’s quality and would not accept doubtful PL’s.

The production cycle is often divided into four phases from the hatchery to grow-out in order to exercise control for every stage of the development of shrimp, which allowed continuing to select only the best animals at each step.

Finally, the optimisation of on-growing ponds management, especially to maintain the best soil quality and the feeding strategy, allowed significant improvements of the results of the farms by preserving the best environmental conditions.

Ecuador has been successfully producing farmed shrimp and also significantly increasing its production after the dramatic outbreak of WSVV thanks to all these measures and to the

efforts of all stakeholders in the shrimp industry, especially by establishing a strict and constraining strategy of controls and being very demanding with the quality of their own work.

It is really important to note that this success is mostly as a result of the investment and of the work of the Ecuadorian producers. After the WSSV outbreak, the Ecuadorian shrimp farmers had to learn how to deal with these diseases that have threatened to destroy the entire sector, to survive and to overcome them. This has been done with almost no support from any government, whilst the owners and the production staff carried out all financial and labor efforts.

To note, almost 30 percent of the Ecuadorian production is exported as ‘Head Less’ or ‘Added Value’ products, so to estimate the exact production of the country it would therefore be necessary to add roughly 30-32 percent of these amounts.

References

Aquacop - 1982 - Constitution of broodstock, maturation, spawning and hatching systems for peneid shrimps in the Centre Océanologique du Pacifique. In Handbook of Mariculture, Vol. 1: Crustacean Aquaculture - CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, USA 1983 Aquacop - 1982 - Penaeid larval rearing in the Centre Océanologique du Pacifique. In Handbook of Mariculture, Vol. 1: Crustacean Aquaculture - CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, USA 1983 Le Hang and Kim Thu - 2016 - Shrimp imports into Vietnam in 2015 - VASEP: http://seafood.vasep.com.vn/seafood/50_11003/ shrimp-imports-into-vietnam-in-2015.htm Viacava Moises - 1995 - Feeder Trays for Commercial Farming in Peru - World Aquaculture 26(2): 11-17

Cooperation FOR

growth

Join us in 2017

Progress Pellet Mill

october 17 - 20

Croatia

Dubrovnik

Specialist in Pelleting Equipment info@ptn.nl - www.ptn.nl

A Triott Company

The annual meeting of the European Aquaculture Society

All info:

www.aquaeas.eu

for conference: ae2017@aquaeas.eu for tradeshow & sponsorship: mario@marevent.com

All info: www.easonline.org International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 37

FEATURE

V

DIETARY PROTEASE AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FISH FEED

by Kabir Chowdhury, Global Technical Manager in Aquaculture, Jefo Nutrition, Canada

ery few protein sources in the world today are well standardised, well characterised, or of relatively consistent quality, in comparison to the other sources. Amongst them, most prominent are fishmeal, soybean meal, canola meal, and some animal by-products such as poultry by-product meal and feather meal. To be consistent, these products need to be sourced from trusted and well-recognised suppliers, thus futhering the limits the supply of these products, and cost could be out-of-reach for most feed manufacturers.

Limited supply, high price, and increasing demand of these well-characterised protein sources have been forcing feed manufacturers worldwide to use less known and poorly characterised plant and animal proteins. These proteins usually possess an imbalanced amino acid profile, may contain some toxins or anti-nutrients, and may be high in fibre or ash, rendering them difficult to digest.

High inclusion of these protein sources in fish diet may result in reduced nutrient digestibility, poor production performance, and sometimes, deterioration of the gastrointestinal health.

Quality of these raw materials also vary from region to region and season to season, from manufacturer to manufacturer, and even vary among batches from a single manufacturer. As a result of these variations, nutritionists and formulators often had to use irrationally high safety margins for some key amino acids and micronutrients in order to meet the nutritional requirement of the target animals.

The solution

Quality of these alternative protein sources can be improved and the variations in their digestible amino acid profiles can be reduced by using enzymes specifically by using proteases. In recent years, studies have shown that proteases not only improve nutrient digestibility or growth performance, they also improve intestinal health, and provide better immune responses under stress conditions.

The history

At the beginning, a handful of early adopters in the world were regularly using dietary protease in their formulation. They were using protease in a variety of species – ranging from salmonids to carps, and catfish to tilapia.

Today, use of dietary protease is widely accepted and has been used in the feed of both temperate and tropical species as well

as in the feed of fresh- and seawater species. The major species are: carp, tilapia, salmonid, sea bream, sea bass, catfish, eel and others.

Since the beginning, there has been a wide skepticism in the feed industry about thermal stability of any enzyme that can survive through the harsh manufacturing processes, which remains strong today. This skepticism derives from the perception that all enzymes need to work in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract either to hydrolyse some nutrients making them more digestible and available to the animal or to complement endogenous enzymes.

Figure 1: Types of alkaline serine proteases

Figure 2: A standard feed manufacturing process

What are proteases?

In general, proteases are the enzymes responsible for hydrolysing proteins and breaking them down to smaller peptides and free amino acids. In animals, hundreds of proteases are involved in a wide variety of biologically important mechanisms.

Out of these, quite a few are responsible for the digestion of proteins.

In aquatic animals, more than fourteen alkaline proteases are reported to be present in their digestive tract. Each of these proteases has their specific substrate preference, and as well as, temperature and pH optima.

Like the digestive proteases, range of commercially available dietary proteases for the use in aqua feed, are also diverse. There are mono- and multi-component protease, acid protease, neutral protease, alkaline protease, and the combination of two or all three. Dietary proteases can also be fungal or of bacterial origin.

Proteases are also included in some multi-enzyme products along with carbohydrases and phytase enzymes. An example of commercially available alkaline serine proteases is provided in the Figure 1.

38 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE Table 1: Summary of studies on dietary protease application in fish feed published since 2005 Pub. date

Publication

Species

Scientiifc name

Type of enzymes

Protease type

Main objective

Key findings

2005

J. Anim.

Feed. Sci. Tech.

Rainbow trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Protease

Multi-component

Digestibilty of coextruded canola:pea & flax:pea

ADC CP increased for coextruded canola:pea but not for flax:pea

2008

J. Rev. Bras.

Zoot.

Tucunarepaca

Cichla sp.

Protease

Fungal protease

Performance

No difference in growth and FCR

2012

Thesis

Pirarucu

Arapaima gigas

Protease, lipase

Mono-component

Digestiblity in PBM & MBM

No effects on digestibilty

2012

J. Aquac.

Nut.

Rainbow trout

O. mykiss

β-glucanase, xylanase, protease, & combination

Mono-component

Digestibility of SBM, SFM, & RSM

ADC of CP improved only in SBM

2012

J. Aquac.

Intl.

Great sturgeon

Huso huso

Multienzyme (7 carbohydrases, phytase, lipase & protease)

?

Performance

Performace incrased 250 ppm but decreased thereafter

2012

J. Dalian Ocean Univ.

Rainbow trout

O. mykiss

Protease

Multi-component

Performance, digestive protease & gut health

All improved

2014

J. Aquac.

Nut.

Rainbow trout

O. mykiss

β-glucanase, xylanase, protease, & combination

Mono-component

Digestiblity of NSPs

ADC of mannnose & uronic acid improved

2015

Aquac. AsiaPacific

Common snakehead

Channa striatus

Protease

Multi-component

Performance

Growth & FCR improved, better size distribution

2015

J. Aquac.

Nut.

Red tilapia

Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureaus

Protease

Multi-component

Performance

WG of fish pelleted diet improved but not those fed the extruded diet. FCR improved in both diets.

2016

J. Anim.

Feed. Sci. Tech.

Tilapia

O. niloticus

Phytase, protease, carbohydrase

Mono-component

Performance & intenstinal health

No effect on growth but higher survival.

2016

J. Appl.

Anim. Res.

Rainbow trout

O. mykiss

Protease, phytase

Mono-component

Performace & digestiblity

No effect

2016

J. Aquaculture

Gibel carp

Carassius auratus gibelio

Protease

Multi-component

Performance & digestibility

All indices improved

2017

J. Aquac.

Nut.

Gibel carp

C. auratus gibelio

Protease

Nutral protease

Performance

Reduced FCR, no effect on digestibility

J – Journal; PBM – poultry by-product meal; MBM – meat & bone meal; SBM – soybean meal; SFM – sunflower meal; RSM – rapeseed meal; NSP – non-starch polysaccharides; ADC – apparent digestibility coefficient; CP – crude protein; WG – weight gain;

Proteases in aquafeed and their challenges

Application of protease in aqua feed is not new and the research endeavor can be traced back to 1977, when a graded level of a commercially available bovine trypsin was used in common carp diets. Until now, studies regarding exogenous protease supplementation in fish feeds have been reported in some major commercially farmed species, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × O. niloticus), common snakehead (Channa striatus), gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

It is true that most enzymes including proteases are destroyed completely at prolonged exposure to high temperature (>120 C).

To avoid the destruction, most enzyme suppliers resort to strategies such as coating or post pelleting applications, which increases the cost of the product and complicacy of their applications.

A variety of commercially available dietary protease has been studied since 2005. The types of proteases ranged from monocomponent to multi-component to the multi-enzyme containing proteases. Some of these are coated or in liquid form, few are without any protection and to be applied directly in the mixer during the manufacturing process. A partially complete list of dietary protease application in fish feed is provided in the Table 1.

The variations among proteases in performance of different species can be attributed to the types of proteases, raw material composition, feed manufacturing process, and as well as, the culture conditions. On another note, although the evidence of better nutrient digestibility or higher endogenous enzymatic activity is pronounced in numerous studies, whether these are the direct effects of dietary enzymes or a secondary effect of some

metabolites produced during manufacturing or in the GI tract while reacting with the supplementary enzymes are yet to be determined.

Critical points for any enzyme during feed manufacturing processes (Figure 2) are ‘cooking-conditioning’ and ‘extrusion’ steps where temperature may rise to 85-95C in case of conditioner for between three to four-and-a-half minutes. In case of extrusion, although for a very brief period i.e., five-six seconds, temperature can rise to 120-125C. However, the most critical point for any enzyme is the extrusion process. At prolonged exposure, no enzyme survives in such conditions. On the other hand, despite longer exposure, most heat stable enzymes could survive a better portion of their activity during the cooking-conditioning process.

Drying could be a lesser issue although temperature could rise to 140-160C at the beginning of the process. As hot and dry air takes moisture, and at the same time heat off the pellets, there is a chilling effect on enzymes during drying instead.

Most commercial proteases today are designed to work in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the animals. Steps, such as coating or chelating or applying as liquid after pelleting, are taken to reduce or prevent denaturation during pellet manufacturing processes.

Due to their very brief exposure at temperature above 120C, some proteases (of free powder forms) are reported to survive between 40 and 70 percent from denaturation during the feed manufacturing process.

It has been observed that the protein quality (i.e., size distribution of peptides, solubility) of the feed with protease (in free powder forms) added to the mixer is relatively better than the same feed without protease. Subsequent to their free forms, these proteases may react with some of the substrates available during the cooking-

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 39

FEATURE

conditioning stage. The process modifies protein profiles of the feed resulting in more nutrients available to animals.

Figure 3. Villi organisation in rainbow trout fed diets with and without (control) a specific protease complex

The supplemental effects

In appropriate conditions such as diets with low antinutrients - phytate or toxins, and availability of target substrates, specific proteases have shown to improve performance of animals either in the form of growth or feed conversion. Digestibility of nutrients also improves when protease is added to a diet.

In addition, in some recent studies, dietary proteases have also shown to improve gut health and non-specific immune response in some aquatic animals. Usually, the effects observed are an increase in villi height, number, and better villi organisation resulting in higher nutrient absorption capacity (Figure 3).

Similar responses occur in animals also reported with other enzymes or feed additives. One might question, whether the improvement in gut is because of the specific protease or because of the increased availability of better quality nutrients. When there are less toxins and better quality nutrients available in the diet, animals tend to increase their nutrient absorption capacity? On the contrary, when there is high level of toxins in a diet, animals tend to reduce their intake and reduce their nutrient absorption capacity.

The future

With scarcity of quality protein sources, high demand for better digestible feed, pressure to reduce the feed price and nutritional waste output to the environment, manufacturers have little choice left but to use enzymes - specifically protease enzymes.

However, arbitrary use of any enzymes, without the knowledge on their type, suitable substrates, thermal tolerance or stability and their form, could be a waste of expensive financial resources

with no or little return.

Enzyme suppliers should provide the industry with relevant science based information to choose the appropriate product relevant to the choice of species, raw material composition, and manufacturing conditions.

It is well understood that generating such information is cost-prohibitive for most suppliers. Therefore, public-private partnerships or an industry wide alliance could be formed to generate information that is available in the public domain for the stakeholders to use and utilise. This has already started to happen with some initiatives such as International Aquaculture Feed Formulation Database (IAFFD). Despite some drawbacks and much needed fine tuning, these novel initiatives are extremely helpful for the industry. “We need to develop more collaborative programs covering feed additives to help the industry to grow in an environmentally sustainable manner�.

ASIAN-PACIFIC AQUACULTURE 2017 Transforming For Market Needs July 24-27, 2017 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Putra World Trade Centre

Your partner for process automation solutions Our Solutions: Design and engineering Build and installation MCC and PLC panels Software engineering PLC/SDADA MES application Batch Explorer Integration to other software packages Turn Key installations incl. training, service & support

info@inteqnion.com www.inteqnion.com

All info: www.was.org Hosted by: Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industries, Malaysia

40 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

EXTRUSION REVOLUTION

S

by Danny Chang, IDAH Co., Ltd Taiwan

till in its infancy stage in Southeast Asia, the pet food and aqua feed industry, especially for floating fish feeds made by extrusion, has been experiencing high organic growth by volume of feeds produced every year. In order to fulfill this growing demand, more lines of extrusion equipment are invested.

Several challenges have emerged from this unprecedented expansion: lack of qualified operators, production problems due to formulation changes (increasing the concentration of plant protein versus animal protein), loss of startup wastes, unseasoned equipment operational and maintenance skills, higher standards for feed quality, and costs of energy per tonne of feed produced.

Manufacturers of pet food and aquatic feeds have seen significant increases in the cost of their raw materials and energy costs. Profit margins have been difficult to maintain and the future promises no change in this situation. IDAH have always recognised these issues and it is built into our core philosophy to supply solutions that maximise opportunities for our customers.

fish feeds to 27mm sinking fish feeds. Remarkable energy saving per tonne, with up to 20 percent energy saving, has been observed at customer sites. Another method that ContraTwin saves energy by is using more direct steam thermal energy instead of mechanical energy or shear. Due to the significant reduction in energy consumption, feed millers are able to produce less carbon footprints, directly giving them sustainable feed products.

ContraTwin: answer to all challenges

To meet these new challenges, a revolutionary extrusion system designed to fit the local markets was required. With a 40-year history in aqua feed production, IDAH developed its answer in the form of ContraTwin. It is designed with twin-screw extrusion features but with re-engineered screw designs and rotation direction to accommodate future aqua feed formulation.

Developed to convey very sticky and puffy material (such as high fibre materials like plant protein), ContraTwin uses a very positive pump that does not waste mechanical energy or shear.

For tougher materials, operators can perform cooking in the midbarrel system; this is where the actual work is done. The result of this strong pump and cooking significantly increases efficiency and utilises lower Specific Mechanical Energy (SME) when compared with other single or co-rotating twin screw extrusion.

The ContraTwin is designed with an innovative 3-part transmission system. A motor drives a splitter gearbox and a relatively large bearing base is aligned and interconnected, which delivers a round the clock rugged operation machine. The ContraTwin extruder is very easy to use and offers a unique operation experience. It is designed for beginner operators, easing most customer fears of finding skillful extruder operators. Sharing the benefits of extruders with twin screws, ContraTwin has low start up waste and wide product characteristics compared to single screw extruders. It can produce aqua feed with extruder die ranging from 0.6mm floating

Features and benefits of ContraTwin

Patent design with counter-rotating twin screws. Unique drive train to minimise capital costs, energy costs and maintenance costs – We engineer for rugged 24/7 operations.

ContraTwin screws don’t waste energy shearing the product.

They convey even the most difficult fibrous ingredient mixes to the point in the extruder where we choose to do the work.

The very positive action of the ContraTwin screws forms highly uniform pellets even when fiber content is high or viscosity is low.

ContraTwin mid-barrel die with shaft support system is the place we choose to do the work for most products. This short intensive work zone minimises the wasted energy resulting from traditional extrusion systems, with minimum back-flow (pressure flow) giving minimised length of the work zone, reducing torque All this creates a machine that has specific mechanical energy (SME) and wear costs only typically previously seen in single screw systems, with capital costs that also match.

Smallest die plate is 0.6mm for floating fish feeds.

42 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

Containerised Mills outputs 1 - 45 ton/h

» All components reliable and tested » Assembled and checked in factory before dispatch » Container sized support frame included » All electric components included » Low freight costs and easy handling » Saving on civil & building cost

Modular solutions for: › Compound feed production › Pet food › Aqua feed › Cereal processing plants › Soybean processing › Premix / concentrates plants Type: C30-15-15

www.ottevanger.com International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 43

A Triott Company

» Minimum installation time on site » Proved concept with many outstanding references

PHOTOSHOOT THE BIG PICTURE - PHOTOCOMP

44 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

This timelapse image of work on a shrimp farm was entered into the International Aquafeed photo competition in 2014. For detials about the 2017 competition please visit: www.aquafeed.co.uk/photocomp ŠMati NitibhonAquafeed - May 2017 | 45 International

EXPERT TOPIC AMBERJACK

1

Introduction

by Alex Whitebrook

AMBERJACK EXPERT TOPIC

Japanese amberjack farming began in 1927 with the rearing of wild caught juvenile amberjacks just off the coast of the Kagawa prefecture in Japan.

Commercial production followed years later, in the 1940s’, once initial methods became obsolete. Production really started to pick up in the 1960s’, climbing to 170,000 tonnes by 1995 but not exceeding this figure in the time since.

The plateauing of amberjack production in the past two decades may lie primarily in the limits of domestic demand. Despite the fish being widely available across the Western Central Pacific Ocean, it is farmed almost exclusively in Japan, where it accounts for over half of total farmed marine finfish production.

The Republic of Korea is the only other country known to farm amberjack.

Unfortunately, aquaculture of amberjack is heavily dependent in seed supply from the wild. Larvae are collected along the coast soon after spawning before being handed to fry specialists, with wild seed also supplied by other countries including the Republic of Korea and Japan. Artificial propagation has been successful, but not enough to meet the demand for aquaculture.

Improvements in feed formulation are helping to improve production numbers as the industry progresses, and an increase in artificial production may soon occur.

Commercial production beyond the larval stage is seen out in sea

cages commonly made of nylon netting or metal. The protected environment is conducive to rapid growth in amberjacks, with growth rates varying on the feed formulation, water temperature and cage size. Overfishing of trash fish for use in feed has become an issue affecting growth in recent years, and shortages are affecting growth rate even in this protected environment.

Despite shortages in supply, amberjack demand from up-market restaurants, wholesale stores and supermarkets have remained sustained. The low market price of the product has helped this trend, but is a sign of issues on the supply side of the equation.

Feed costs have been a major cause for stress on supply, deriving from shortages in Sardine resources around Japan. Increasing dependence in larval production rather than wild capture also highlights an immediate need for innovation of more costeffective techniques to ensure the survival of this industry.

This issue’s expert topic will proceed to discuss the state of the Japanese amberjack in far greater detail, highlighting the major challenges to the industry. These include, the issues around supply, falling demand and the environmental challenges alluded to above, to name but a few.

46 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Bßhler – gentle processing at its best.

From raw material handling, cooking and shaping through extrusion to drying and coating of finished products. With an extensive know-how and a passion for quality we ensure product uniformity, production efficiency, and maximum sanitation and safety.

www.buhlergroup.com/aquafeed

Complete solutions from a single source.

Aquafeed

Innovations for a better world.

EXPERT TOPIC AMBERJACK

2

AMBERJACK CULTURE IN JAPAN

A

Lessons from more than 90 years of Amberjack farming

by Professor Shuichi Satoh, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

mberjack culture in Japan started at the Ado pond in Shikoku Island approximately 90 years ago. Currently, there are three amberjack species being used for aquaculture in Japan namely, the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, greater amberjack Seriola dumerili, and the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. The annual production for these three species of amberjacks is at around 150 thousand metric tonnes. Yellowtail comprises the highest percentage of the total production at 70 percent followed by greater amberjack at 28 percent while yellowtail kingfish contributes only two percent to the total production.

The seed stock for use in the aquaculture production of amberjack comes from the wild. Wildcaught juveniles weighing approximately 30-50 grammes are raised for 20 months or more in an aquaculture setup until they reach marketable size. For yellowtail, the harvestable size is fourkg or bigger while for greater amberjacks, it is 3-3.5kg and for kingfish yellowtail, it is three-kg or bigger. Breeding amberjacks in captivity has been successful and hatchery-produced seed stock can be readily made available. However, wild populations of juvenile amberjacks are still abundant around Japan thus they are the preferred seed stock and are still being widely used for aquaculture.

Up until the 1990’s, there were abundant supplies of sardines

and mackerel caught from the wild hence these were primarily used as feeds for yellowtail culture. In large scale or commercial aquaculture, the increase in feeding has also increased the deposition of feeds, feces and other organic matter at the bottom of the holding area resulting to eutrophication and harmful

algal bloom which in turn causes red tide. Because of these concerns, the Fisheries Agency of Japan recommended the use of moist pellet for marine aquaculture. Using moist pellet in aquaculture has significantly improved the condition of the culture environment.

Moist pellet has high palatability, making it highly suitable for marine carnivorous species such as the amberjack. Recently however, yellowtail aquaculture has seen a shift towards the use of extruded pellets. At present, 60 percent of feeds used

48 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

for amberjack culture are extruded pellet. The formulated feed intended for yellowtail is ideally composed of 50 percent to 60 percent fishmeal but due to the high price of fishmeal, the formulation rate has been decreased to 30-40 percent. Defatted soybean meal and corn gluten meal are also used as alternative protein sources in amberjack feed formulation.

Previous studies have proven that the use of non-fish-based meal supplemented with essential nutrients such as essential amino acids, taurine, and trace elements have resulted to normal growth in fish. Amberjack feeds being utilised in aquaculture farms typically contains 30-75 percent fish meal and 5-25 percent fish oil with a mean value of around 48 percent and 15 percent respectively but grow-out feeds generally contain 40 percent protein. This percentage is much higher compared to those for the salmonids and gilt head bream being cultured in the Mediterranean Sea. The formulation rate for alternative protein sources is at 0-35 percent, with the mean of only 20 percent.

Deficiency or insufficiency of essential nutrients like taurine in the diet occurs when amberjacks are fed with a very low amount of fishmeal in their diets and this results to green liver syndrome.

Tochino et al. (2009) compared the growth of yellowtail fed with feeds using pure fish meal as the protein source to the one fed with feeds using a combination of defatted soybean meal and corn gluten meal with only 20 percent fish meal and supplemented with taurine. Normal growth has been observed in both cases. Furthermore, Tsuzaki et al. (2015) reported that fish fed with non-fish meal based feed formulated using soy protein concentrate, defatted soybean meal, and corn gluten meal supplemented with taurine showed identical growth performance to fish fed with fish meal based diet.

Pseudotuberculosis and streptococcus infection are among the common diseases encountered by farmers in many aquaculture sectors. Vaccines against these diseases however were already developed for amberjack hence they no longer pose a serious threat to amberjack aquaculture. Recently, another disease namely the Nocardia infection or commonly known as skin fluke disease (bebedeniasis), have been observed in amberjack cultures. To address this issue, fish farmers increased the size of the cages. This significantly improved the quality of the fish flesh since the cultured fish now have more area to move around.

Aside from feeds, incorporating olive leaves also helps improve the quality of the flesh.

EXPERT TOPIC

AMBERJACK

CROSS-CONTAMINATION SALMONELLA

INCONSISTENCY REGULATIONS

PATHOGENS

DOWNTIME

PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE ELEMENTS PRODUCT CONSISTENCY PROCESS FLEXIBILTY VALIDATED KILL-STEP FOOD SAFETY VERIFIED EXTRUSION CERTIFICATION SANITATION CONTROL PLANT CERTIFICATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Reference

Tochino M., Nagano T., Satoh S., Shiratori M., Ueta Y., Effect of taurine supplement to low fish meal feed on yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in practical net cage, Aquaculture Science, 57, 595-600, 2009 Tsuzaki T., Yoshida K., Hotta T., Nakagawa M., Yamada M., Satoh S., Koshiishi T., Maeno K., Akiyama T., and Ishida N., Long-term experimental feeding of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata with complete non-fish meal extruded-pellet (EP) diets, Aquaculture Science, 63, 29-38, 2015

P.O. Box 8 100 Airport Road Sabetha, KS 66534, USA Phone: 785-284-2153 Fax: 785-284-3143 extru-techinc@extru-techinc.com www.extru-techinc.com

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 49 ET-275C.indd 1

12/22/15 3:33 PM

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

by Renate Hjørnevik, AKVA group, Norway

The latest innovation in cage technology under development is submersible cages for large-scale salmon production.

AKVA group has been developing submersible cages since 1991 and has acquired great expertise, but as they have found - it takes time to develop this technology on the scale required to achieve efficient salmon production and a key part of the learning process has been large-scale trials.

GOOD CAGE SYSTEMS ARE ESSENTIAL IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GOOD PRODUCTION AKVA group ASA’s subsidiary Helgeland Plast has manufactured plastic cages for more than 40 years.

The first plastic cages were launched as early as 1974 at Lovund, and the start-up is a minor entrepreneurial miracle. The first plastic cages had a circumference of 40 metres and were a 1-ring cage with 160 mm diameter floating pipes, while supports and handrails rails had a diameter of 63 mm. In the 1980s’ the cages had becomes so large that a new 2-ring cage was launched. Polarcirkel Type 3 (2-ring with 200 mm diameter floating tube) and Polarcirkel Gigante (2-ring with 225 mm diameter floating tube), and several major deliveries were made to export markets such as Tunisia, Greece, Shetland, Canada, etc.

In 1989 the sinker tube concept was developed, and as early as 1995-6 AKVA group supplied submersible cages to the export market. These were specially developed for submersion of biomass in the event of typhoons, oil spills, drift ice, algae, etc. As the first supplier to the aquaculture industry, Helgeland Plast was certified in accordance with ISO 9001 in 1994. In the 2000s’ the cages continued to grow in size, and since 1974 the company has supplied more than 50,000 cages all over the world.

Developments have continued, and today cages as huge as 200-250 metres in circumference with floating tube dimensions of 630 mm are manufactured. The new 630 models also have new brackets with integrated attachment of bridle mooring lines, attachment of sinker tube, attachment for glass fibre pole for bird net and attachment of net.

Developments have been fast-paced, and both material quality and design have been focus areas for AKVA group.

Lengthy experience with submersible cages

The latest innovation in cage technology under development is submersible cages for large-scale salmon production. As previously mentioned, the company has worked on developing submersible cages since 19956 and has acquired the basic expertise, but it takes time to develop submersible cages at the scale required to 50 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY achieve efficient salmon production. To ensure that the technology works and that developments always take place on the salmon’s terms, one is dependent on large-scale trials.

According to Olafsen, this concerns submersible cages with circumferences of up to 160 metres. Going deeper has several benefits. Submerging the cages makes it possible to avoid extreme waves, gain favourable water temperatures, escape toxic algae blooms and reduce exposure to sea lice. So far the realm of salmon has been from the surface and down, but technological developments may change this in the time ahead.

It is all about establishing a system that provides efficient operations on the salmon’s terms. One has to ensure a high level of fish welfare, good fish health and good growth.

Atlantis

In collaboration with equipment manufacturer Egersund Net and aquaculture company Sinkaberg-Hansen AS, AKVA group ASA started work on submersible cages for the large-scale production of salmon in 2014. The three companies established Atlantis Subsea Farming AS, and the goal was to contribute to better and more sustainable use of existing aquaculture locations, in addition to exploiting more exposed areas where current technology comes up short. This work was already well under way when the authorities launched a new concept of development licenses towards the end of 2015.

The authorities’ goal is to facilitate the development of technology that can contribute to resolve the environmental and space issues the aquaculture industry faces. This was in agreement with Atlantis Subsea Farming AS ‘s goals, and the company has now applied for six such development licenses.

Trude Olafsen, AKVA group expounds, “We are working on achieving production gains and better fish welfare.”

Better conditions for the fish

In addition to the obvious technological benefits of submersible cages, Olafsen also believes that the salmon will benefit from being well below the surface. She believes it will be easier to feed the fish, that growth will be better, and last but not least that infection by sea lice will be greatly reduced. If this succeeds we might solve one of the greatest challenges facing the salmon farming industry.

Olafsen continues, “However, when all is said and done, I have to add that these are hypotheses that have to be tested before arriving at any conclusions.”

A development project at this level has numerous challenges that must be resolved, and operating costs may be very high for a period, so development licenses are a good aid. Regardless, the owners will have to put up significant funds to achieve this.

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 51

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Unique collaboration

The companies behind Atlantis Subsea Farming own a third each, and according to Olafsen it is uncommon for technology suppliers and aquaculture companies to team up as equal partners in this type of development company.

Ms Olafsen believes that it is important to try out new ways of working, and believes AKVA group is a good partner in this concept. She explains, “This is a new and very interesting way of working, and the future will show if it is a viable model.”

When the company is working with new technology and such high risk, one also has to take a new approach with regard to business models.

To achieve good efficiency from subsea production, the cage will probably have to be ten metres below the surface, and there are numerous considerations that must be taken into account if we are to succeed. However, the actual cage system is based on the same principle as the submersible cages AKVA group has supplied to the export market for many years. The plastic ring is filled with water before being submerged, and then emptied when the cage is raised. The difference in the new concept is that the entire process will be controlled from the feed barge, with dedicated software programmed for this system.

Another aspect is underwater feeding, but in this area there already is a well-functioning product developed by Sinkaberg-Hansen’s service company, Nærøysund Akvaservice.

Feeding and oxygen at depth

Initially one expects the salmon to have better access to oxygen at greater depths than at the surface. However, once a day the salmon needs to fill its air bladder, and in order for this to be possible in submersible cages one is dependent on artificial air pockets. In this area AKVA group is cooperating with Frode Oppedal and his research group at the Institute of Marine Research. Through the FÔRDOM project, which is funded by the Research Council of Norway, they are working explicitly on feeding at depth and the use of air domes.

“FÔRDOM is a great project, and the results can be directly applied in Atlantis Subsea Farming.” Olafsen points out.

The sea lice - an incredibly smart parasite

Sea lice are a recurring problem for aquaculture, and hard work is being done in a variety of projects to prevent sea lice from attaching themselves to salmon and breeding. So far no one seems to have come up with the optimum solution that would make it possible to claim the problem has been eradicated, but Olafsen believes large-scale trials with submersible cages may be of great help going forward.

“Sea lice are very clever, and we can’t discount that they could adapt to the darkness deep down, but in that case it would be a dramatic change. Regardless, a large-scale trial with production deeper in the sea will provide important documentation of how sea lice will act,” Olafsen says. She also says that such production will provide new knowledge in other areas, for example with regard to avoiding algae or the spread of viruses and bacteria. But it may also be the case that salmon could contract other diseases further down the water column. If so, this will be very useful knowledge to have.

More food must come from the sea

In the future we will depend on producing more food in an efficient way, and we have come quite far with work on developing salmon production, but a lot still remains. It is thus important that the industry has the opportunity to grow.

Olafsen concludes, “We are responsible for developing aquaculture further. The world depends on producing much of the food we need in the sea, and we have come quite far in developing salmon production. It is also a healthy and soughtafter product in various markets all over the world.

However, growth cannot take place without control, and although technology is decisive for developments, we are also dependent on including biology. It is essential that the fish have good welfare and good health.”

52 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY #2 Following the launch of their ‘Supra HDPE Netting' during the offshore conference in Ensenada, Mexico and their North America presentation during the Seafood Expo in Boston.

FISA introduce third generation netting Supra is the result of many years of work together with feedback from customers that have used the company's netting before. The netting can be used for predator protection and fish cages; it was originally introduced at the Aquasur trade show in Puerto Montt, Chile in October 2014.

The company manufactures a full range of netting for purse seine fishing, trawling, long line fishing and fish farming cages.

After a seemingly positive reaction from customers during the Ensenada offshore conference and Boston Seafood Expo, many large initial trial orders were made.

Yoni Radzinski, Commercial Director of FISA, pondered that, “Considering this is a high end product that was launched less than three months ago, the sales are greatly surpassing our expectations. It is now time for our European customers to enjoy the benefits of this product.”

He continued, “These are nice sized trial orders from various select customers than have been highly impressed by the netting and wanted immediate access to the advantages of this product.”

His general thoughts were that European customers will show keen interest in this third generation anti predator netting, which will also help them combat escapee fish.

Since 2013, the company has been investing in new machinery. This investment included growth in extrusion capacity, new netting machines, depth stretching equipment and a brand new 25,000m2 net loft.

During November 2014 it was reported that customers had turned to FISA to jointly develop new polythene netting for their fish farms after seeing the product at Aquasur and therefore is now ready to present the product to additional customers.

54 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Mycofix

X

T

M YC OF I

EN

M

AN

X I N RI S K

MYCO

TO

M AG E

®

Absolute Protection Mycotoxins decrease performance and interfere with the health status of your animals.

Mycofix is the solution for mycotoxin risk management. ®

mycofix.biomin.net

Naturally ahead

Industry Events Events listing nn 25 - 27/05/17 - 6TH GLOBAL SUMMIT ON AQUACULTURE & FISHERIES Japan WEB: aquaculture.global-summit.com nn 31/05 - 04/06/17 - SEAFOOD SUMMIT USA WEB: seafoodsummit.org nn 14/06/17 - 10TH AQUAFEED HORIZONS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE Germany WEB: aquafeed.com n 26 - 30/06/17 - WORLD AQUACULTURE 2017 South Africa WEB: was.org WorldAquacultureSociety wrldaquaculture nn 26/06/17 - AFRICAN EXTRUSION SEMINAR USA WEB: bit.ly/aesafrica n 25 – 27/07/17 - ASIA PACIFIC AQUACULTURE 2017 Malaysia WEB: was.org WorldAquacultureSociety wrldaquaculture n 02 - 04/08/17 - AQUA FISHERIES CAMBODIA 2017 Cambodia WEB: veas.com.vn n 15 - 18/08/17 - AQUA NOR 2017 Norway WEB: aqua-nor.no AquaNorExhibition n 11 -13/09/17 - CICFO China WEB: cicfo.com n 19 - 21/09/17 - LIVESTOCK ASIA 2017 EXPO & FORUM Malaysia WEB: livestockasia.com livestockasia15 n 17 - 20/10/17 - AQUACULTURE EUROPE 2017 Croatia WEB: easonline.org WorldAquacultureSociety wrldaquaculture n 18 - 20/10/17 - ILDEX INDONESIA 2017 Indonesia WEB: vnuexhibitionsap.com ILDEXEXHIBITIONS ildexexhibition n 07 - 10/11/17 - LACQUA Mexico WEB: was.org WorldAquacultureSociety wrldaquaculture n 08 - 10/11/17 - EXPO PESCA & ACUIPERU 2017 Peru WEB: thaiscorp.com n 09 - 11/11/17 - TAIWAN INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES & SEAFOOD SHOW Taiwan WEB: taiwanfishery.com

SITEC: Nutriad´s technical symposium Brazil For the fourth consecutive year, multinational feed additives producer Nutriad, hosted a wellattended technical symposium in Brazil, where current trends and future challenges in animal protein production were discussed Ten renowned industry experts, from academic and industry background, presented to an international group of poultry and swine producers at the Costão do Santinho Resort in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina.

Participants varying from producers coming from integrators, feed and premixer producers as well as consultants, veterinarians, nutritionists and researchers interacted with global experts that hosted talks on the global agribusiness in general and Brazil focusing on areas as feed intake via palatability, mycotoxin management and digestive performance.

The opening day was dedicated to the applications of flavours and sweeteners in animal feed to promote nutrition at critical life stages.

Nutriad’s David Vanni Jacob, from Brazil and Simon Eskinazi from UK provided the audience with an array of technical data from across the world.

As producers sometimes have difficulties in determining the real threat that mycotoxins pose to their animals, the second day of the program was dedicated to enhance the understanding of mycotoxin management.

An interesting line up of researchers; raw material experts and industry leaders brought presentations of Dr Radka Borutova, Prof. Ana Paula Bracarense, Prof. Dr Eduardo Micotti da Glória and Guilherme Bromfman. Gut health is a key requirement for healthy and high yielding animals.

A range of topics on digestive performance were presented by Prof. Dr Elizabeth Santin, Dr Tim Goossens and Prof. Dr Roberto Guedes.

According to the event’s host, Marcelo Nunes, Managing Director Nutriad South America, the fourth edition of SITEC once more exceeded expectations, “The intention is always to offer our clients and partners a program with relevant and updated guidelines on maximising the potential of their animals. At SITEC we are not only presenting technical content, we promote the interaction between attendants and speakers to forge productive relationships. Choosing Florianopolis to host our symposium - against the back drop of exuberant beaches and stunning nature - further confirms SITEC as one of the most prestigious events in the sector.”

For more industry event information - visit our events register www.aquafeed.co.uk 56 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

Introducing

AgraStripÂŽ WATEX Fast and simple mycotoxin testing 1

Extract

2

Dilute

3

Analyze

For more information visit www.romerlabs.com/en/watex

The University of Limerick (UL) is a rapidly growing, modern university. UL is a young, energetic and enterprising university with a proud record of innovation in education, and excellence in research and scholarship. We take great pride in attracting students who are seeking a supportive learning environment to help nurture and achieve their personal and professional dreams.

UL is highly regarded for conducting leading-edge research in key areas such as biological sciences, information and communication technologies, materials and surface science, environment & bioengineering and humanities & social sciences.

Limerick is in western Ireland, an ideal starting point to explore the Wild Atlantic Way. Shannon International airport is only 24km away with frequent bus connections. Limerick, with an urban and hinterland population of over 200,000, has something to offer everybody thanks to its many cultural, historical, architectural, sporting, shopping and business activities. With almost 50 per cent of Limerick’s population under the age of 30, it is a vibrant, living, cosmopolitan city.

www.ul.ie International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 57

We have the largest work placement programme of any university in Ireland, with a network of over 1700 employers Amazing academic and sporting facilities on a stunning campus Graduate employment rates that are 18% above the Irish average

Industry Events

The Conservation Optimism Summit A forward-thinking future

by Alex Whitebrook, International Aquafeed

Conservation is key in our industry, considering this vital link between fisheries and aquaculture, in April International Aquafeed attended the Conservation Optimism Summit at Dulwich College, London. The conference is a three-day event focused on highlighting the positive developments in a field from which we too often hear stories of tragedy.

The need for conservation is clearly evidenced in our ‘Expert topic’, as pointed out by Dr Shuichi Satoh, Japanese amberjack production relies heavily on wild-caught fingerlings in order to sustain the industry. This dependence on fisheries is common within aquaculture.

The summit website expands, “Conservation is too often seen as a crisis discipline... We believe this is counter-productive...

Budding and perennial conservationists need to feel inspired and continue in the profession, not be put off by pessimism. The public, businesses and government need to know that their actions can make a difference. With this summit, we aim to reframe the conservation movement by celebrating positive thinking in conservation, and putting forward a road map for change towards an optimistic and forward-thinking future.”

We attended the presentations with the aim of learning more about the world of marine reserves.

Crawling back from the brink on eight legs Madagascar has a population similar to Australia’s, and yet over 90 percent of its population lives on less than two dollars per day.

Over half of its children are suffering from malnutrition. Along the country’s south-west coastline, many coastal communities rely heavily on the fishing of octopus to make a living; however, recent years have seen this way of life threatened, as overfishing and population pressure have drastically reduced the livestock.

In the first presentation, Steve Rocliffe detailed how coastal villages in Madagascar are fighting back against these declines. In partnership with Blue Ventures, an organisation geared toward empowering grassroots movements of marine conservation, they’re turning the tide and demonstrating the massive potential impact of marine reserves on improving fishery yields.

In the past, marine conservationists have turned to marine reserves to fix failing fisheries. The idea is simple: designating areas of the sea permanently off limits to fishing, and later reaping the benefits of an improved catch through overflowing populations from the protected areas.

Dr Rocliffe explains that, “Because of the complexity and variability of the marine environment, and due to inefficiencies resulting from inadequate management and staffing, positive

benefits from marine reserves may be slow to accrue or absent altogether.”

Together with Blue Ventures, the villagers closed the reef to octopus fishing. Reasoning that, since octopus grow fast but die young, and because the bigger they are the more eggs they produce, a ban of just a few months should regrow their numbers.

When the closure was lifted, fishers caught far larger and far more octopus. Within just a few years, villages in the region were joining forces to establish locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) in which destructive fishing practices are banned and protection for fragile marine wildlife is assured.

Ten years on, more than 200 LMMAs have been established, accounting for more than 14 percent of coastal waters. Biomass within local fisheries has spilled out into the surrounding areas, adding to the credibility of the areas. The movement has become so phenomenally popular that the President of Madagascar, Hery Rajaonarimampianina, has pledged to triple the area under protection in years to come, with a focus on LMMAs. Despite starting with the aim of conserving dwindling octopus populations, Blue Ventures were able to achieve their aims whilst consequently contributing to the recovery of a struggling developing economy.

“ One third of all supermarket fish are mislabeled ” Seafood security After the first day of exploring the Conservation Optimism Summit in London, our second day focused around an interactive presentation held by representatives of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). The MSC has been highly successful in incentivising global fisheries operators to adopt sustainable practices, leading the way to a sustainable future for our industry.

Upon arrival at the presentation hall, we were grouped along with other conference attendees and given a world map displaying Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), and piece of recycled paper with which to brainstorm, a classroom-like atmosphere quickly overtook the room.

Lucy Erickson started talks off with a disconcerting and

58 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

motivating message from the MSC - “Globally, over thirty percent of stocks are considered overfished and one third of seafood is mislabeled.� The MSC sets credible standards for sustainable fishing and supply chain traceability, and all organisations in the supply chain must meet the relevant standard before a product receives the blue MSC label.

More than 10 percent of the world’s fisheries are certified to the MSC standard. Despite added costs in becoming MSC certified, Erickson highlighted the fact that certified stocks have made larger financial gains, relative to competitors, in the past 15 years.

Fisheries in less developed countries however, provide 50 percent of the worlds traded seafood. They are less regulated than their western counterparts, making it difficult to pass MSC

standards. Lack of sufficient data collection methods makes it difficult to provide the necessary information for certification.

The MSC helps involve developing fisheries in the sustainable seafood market. This is important for the 200 million people living in developing countries who rely on fishing for their livelihoods, and the countless more who rely on seafood as a key source of nutrition.

The new programme gives developing fisheries lacking data the chance to receive on-the-ground qualitative assessment and fishery operators the chance to cash in on greater profits from the sustainable seafood market. Both are given the opportunity to improve their data collection methods after one year, determining whether the fishery will retain its certification.

By making MSC fishery standards accessible and listening to the interests of small-scale, data-deficient fisheries in developing countries, they are helping fish populations recover from the intensive overfishing of the industrial era.

Across the whole of the Conservation Optimism Summit, we are reminded of the importance conservation efforts hold over improving and maintaining the fisheries all over the world.

Importantly for the industry, both Blue Ventures and MSC clearly demonstrate the positive economic and financial impact that marine conservation can have on fisheries. This may create subsequent positive impact on aquaculture activities which depend on sustainable fishing practices and healthy oceans..

Through increasing both fish biomass and responding to increasing demand for sustainable fishing, this could be the beginning of a much needed paradigm shift.

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 59

JEFO +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group) Additives

Conveyors Chemoforma +41 61 8113355 www.chemoforma.com Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

Colour sorters BĂźhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Satake +81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

Computer software

Sonac +31 499 364800 www.sonac.biz

Adifo NV +32 50 303 211 www.adifo.com

Analysis

Format International Ltd +44 1483 726081 www.formatinternational.com

Laboratorio Avi-Mex S.A. de C.V +55 54450460 Ext. 1105 www.avimex.com.mx R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com

Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com

Coolers & driers

Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com

Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de

Amino acids

Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com

Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com

Bags Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

Geelen Counterflow +31 475 592315 www.geelencounterflow.com

Bulk storage Bentall Rowlands +44 1724 282828 www.bentallrowlands.com Chief Industries UK Ltd +44 1621 868944 www.chief.co.uk Croston Engineering +44 1829 741119 www.croston-engineering.co.uk

Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Brabender +49 203 7788 0 www.brabender.com Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com Insta-Pro International +1 515 254 1260 www.insta-pro.com

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com STIF +33 2 41 72 16 80 www.stifnet.com

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Extruders

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com

Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com

VAV +31 71 4023701 www.vav.nl

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Elevator & conveyor components

Westeel +1 204 233 7133 www.westeel.com

4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

GMP+ International +31703074120 www.gmpplus.org

VIV +31 30 295 2772 www.viv.net

Muyang Group +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Elevator buckets

Silo Construction Engineers +32 51723128 www.sce.be

Certification

Event organisers

Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com

Liptosa +34 902 157711 www.liptosa.com Nutriad +32 52 409596 www.nutriad.com

ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com

Zheng Chang +86 21 64188282 www.zhengchang.com

Feed and ingredients Aliphos +32 478 210008 www.aliphos.com Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com Jefo +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com SPAROS Tel.: +351 249 435 145 Website: www.sparos.pt

Hatchery products

Enzymes Ab Vista +44 1672 517 650 www.abvista.com

60 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Reed Mariculture +1 877 732 3276 www.reed-mariculture.com

Level measurement

FAMSUN +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

BinMaster Level Controls +1 402 434 9102 www.binmaster.com

Ottevanger

FineTek Co., Ltd +886 2226 96789 www.fine-tek.com

+31 79 593 22 21

Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770 www.doescher.com

+31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Biomin +43 2782 803 0 www.biomin.net Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com

Imaqua +32 92 64 73 38 www.imaqua.eu

Safety equipment Rembe +49 2961 740 50 www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment Sanderson Weatherall +44 161 259 7054 www.sw.co.uk

Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

Silos

Palletisers Ehcolo A/S +45 75 398411 www.ehcolo.com

Denis +33 2 37 97 66 11 www.denis.fr

PAYPER, S.A. +34 973 21 60 40 www.payper.com

Kepler Weber Group +55 11 4873-0300 www.kepler.com.br

Pellet binders

Obial +90 382 2662120 www.obial.com.tr

Akzo Nobel +46 303 850 00 www.bredol.com

MYSILO +90 382 266 2245 www.mysilo.com

Borregaard LignoTech +47 69 11 80 00 www.lignotechfeed.com

Muyang +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Pest control Rentokil Pest Control +44 0800 917 1987 www.rentokil.co.uk

Tornum AB +46 512 29100 www.tornum.com

Pipe systems Jacob Sohne +49 571 9580 www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Used around

all industrial Plants sectors.

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Amandus Kahl Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Vaccines Ridgeway Biologicals +44 1635 579516 www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Vacuum Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Weighing equipment

Research

Packaging CB Packaging +44 7805 092067 www.cbpackaging.com

Aqua TT +353 1 644 9008 www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services

Probiotics

NIR systems NIR-Online +49 6227 732668 www.nir-online.de

Training

Wynveen

Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com Seedburo +1 312 738 3700 www.seedburo.com

Dishman +31 318 545 754 www.dishman-netherlands.com

www.ottevanger.com

Moisture analysers CHOPIN Technologies +33 14 1475045 www.chopin.fr

Shrimp feed additives

Sensors Aqualabo +33 2 97 89 25 30 www.aqualabo.fr Agromatic +41 55 2562100 www.agromatic.com Dol Sensors +45 721 755 55 www.dol-sensors.com

International Aquafeed - May 2017 | 61

Parkerfarm Weighing Systems +44 1246 456729 www.parkerfarm.com Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Yeast products ICC, Adding Value to Nutrition +55 11 3093 0753 www.iccbrazil.com Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tom Blacker. +44 1242 267700 โ ข tomb@perendale.co.uk

the interview Bill Daniels Dr William H. (Bill) Daniels, associate professor at Auburn University’s School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, in Alabama, USA steps up from President-elect to President of the World Aquaculture Society (WAS) this month. He was pronounced President at the WAS’s first meeting of its new African Chapter in Cape Town, South Africa.

Dr Daniels started his career in aquaculture in 1978 when he joined the US Peace Corps program, run by the United States government, as a volunteer in the area of aquaculture development; the stated mission of the Peace Corps includes providing technical assistance, helping people outside the US to understand American culture and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other countries. Each program participant is an American citizen, typically with a college degree, who works abroad for a period of at least two years after three months training. Following three years in Africa, Dr Daniels returned to Texas A&M University to complete his Masters and then Mississippi State University for his PhD. He then worked at Delaware State University from 1994 through 2002 and has since worked at Auburn University. His focus on US aquaculture started in earnest in 1984 and he has spent the last 33 years developing his aquaculture interests.

How did you become involved in US Peace Corps work in the first place?

When I applied to the US Peace Corps, they sent me a couple of different offers and one of those was to teach aquaculture in the Congo (Zaïre) in Africa. In the back of my mind I thought for some reason that that was a really great idea, yet I’d never seen aquaculture at that time. But after having worked in the US Peace Corps for three years, I decided that I really wanted to come back to the US and learn how to do it in a much more processional way instead of a low-tech way.

What were some of the challenges you faced in the Congo in terms of establishing aquaculture?

Basically, I was placed out in a village where there was very little aquaculture at the time and very little technical knowledge. So I began to work with local communities and meeting with farmers who were interested and then focusing them more on construction and pond management. It was a situation where you had to grow the industry from scratch.

And that proved to be a long difficult time but at the end of two years I had 10 farmers who had built ponds and who had not seen many harvests. However, at the end of three years we had 40 farmers who all had ponds. It was a snow-balling effect once people could see the amount of fish and income they could generate from aquaculture.

Did that encourage you to go into educational activities when you came back to the US? Why didn’t you end up in industry?

I wanted to learn more and the more I learnt the more I was interested in doing research and then getting back into international work and try to build aquaculture in numerous countries around the world.

Do you see that through WAS and your new position as President of WAS, that you can further your interest in helping people?

This is one of the reasons in going to Africa. I have for a long time been trying to generate enough interest in Africa to develop an African Chapter of WAS and this is a great opportunity for the industry to put the spotlight on Africa, but not only for Africa but for the rest of the world as well, to see the potential that aquaculture has in Africa.

Do you see one of the tasks of this meeting in Cape Town to bring the technology that we have developed in western countries to Africa and to show Africans through both an exhibition and WAS conference, that more technology is beneficial to their development?

Well, we look at the conferences as a two-way street: that we can learn what’s going on in Africa and what the needs are in Africa and what kind of technology that will work best here and then sharing their knowledge from working in the field all these years so that we can learn best how to assist in technical development.

Do you see aquaculture as a global community? Do you see your role as President of WAS furthering that community?

Yes, I do. I mean we really want to bring more Africans into that global community for the cross-sharing of knowledge.

Is there one specific thing you’d like to achieve during your presidency?

To see the establishment of this new African Chapter of WAS for aquaculture in Africa.

What drove you in that direction?

I have a little bit of a passion for helping people and aquaculture seemed a good way to do that and out there you could see a much greater benefit by helping people grow aquaculture for food rather than growing aquaculture for money. To me, that was a much better thing to be doing to help people to help themselves.

62 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

PEOPLE

THE INDUSTRY FACES

Bente Torstensen appointed as Director of aquaculture

B Bente Torstensen

ente Torstensen has been employed as Nofima’s Director of its Acquaculture division.

He has extensive experience from the Nifes research centre, but last year worked as Group Manager for feed and fish performance in Marine Harvest’s global R&D department.

Commenting on his appointment he remarks, “My time at Marine Harvest has been amazing, and it isn’t easy to leave such an exciting company and such good colleagues. But when the position at Nofima came up, I knew I had to make use of this unique opportunity. Working with research with an opportunity to add research-based knowledge to the industry is incredibly exciting. I’m really excited to begin in the position on 1st August and look forward to good collaboration with the fish farming industry, one of the most exciting global industries.” Øyvind Fylling-Jensen, CEO, Managing Director at Nofima, comments, “Hordaland is the power centre for aquaculture and when we are so lucky to have Bente Torstensen on the team, it is obvious that she should have an office located in Bergen. This will make dialogue with many of the main players in the aquaculture industry, and collaboration with NCE Seafood Innovation much easier.”

Dr Wei Wang becomes Technical Manager for China

M

ultinational feed additive producer Nutriad announced the appointment of Dr Wei Wang as Technical Manager for China.

Dr. Wei completed a total of 10 years of studies in animal nutrition, obtaining a BSc in Animal Science at Southwest University of Science & Technology, a MSc in Swine Nutrition at Sichuan Agriculture University and PhD in Applied Biological Science, Swine Nutrition at Ghent University.

Dr Wei Wang

As part of an ongoing strategy to increase its presence in this dynamic market, Nutriad is growing technical and commercial support teams in China, allowing them to further improve their constant engagement and support to customers.

BK Chew, APAC Director Nutriad, commented, “China is the main growth engine within APAC and the appointment of Dr Wang will enable increased technical support for our applications in mycotoxin management and gut health.”

Dr Wang said, “I have always been fascinated by converting scientific knowledge on animal nutrition and health into practical solutions. As such I have admired Nutriad from the outside for many years and am excited to now become part of the Chinese team and support the company on its next steps in China.”

John Tinsley becomes Technical Director

J John Tinsley

ohn Tinsley will become Technical Director and head of product development for BioMar in Central America from June 1, 2017.

John Tinsley holds a PhD in microbiology from Heriot-Watt University in Scotland, as well as a Master’s Degree in Aquatic Pathobiology from Stirling University in Scotland.

He has as part of BioMar’s team of scientists focusing on health solutions for aquaculture contributed strongly to some of the most innovative product launches from BioMar in recent years.

Jorge Vargas, General Manager, BioMar Costa Rica comments, “We are very pleased to announce that John Tinsley, who has since 2012 been working for BioMar R&D with base in Scotland, will now join our team in Costa Rica. John’s new role will be to drive the development of innovative feed solutions for tropical fish and shrimp in close partnership with our customers.”

BioMar’s has rapidly taken the position as the leader in sustainable aquaculture in Central America, and Jorge Vargas wants to continue to build this position in a market with very interesting upcoming aquaculture species like cobia and red snapper and a large established production of shrimp and tilapia.

Vargas continues, “John has an extensive background within aquatic health, which he can use to strengthen our product development activities for tropical fish and shrimp with a combined focus on feed performance, prevention of diseases, and sustainability.”

64 | May 2017 - International Aquafeed

Predictable performance

May the force be with you!

SMn-AP-16.07-EN • Avalone The information provided in this document is at the best of our knowledge, true and accurate. However, products must only be used in compliance with local laws and regulations and we cannot guarantee freedom of use for every intended application or country.

Safmannan® is an exclusive premium yeast fraction rich in natural active ingredients such as mannans and betaglucans. Manufactured using a unique approach in our state of the art factory, Safmannan® delivers outstanding consistency and quality, for performance you can rely on every time. Based on published research and field investigation Safmannan® helps to: • Support natural defences • Reduce pathogen pressure • Promote gut function • Mitigate stress impact

phileo-lesaffre.com

LESAFFR E ANIMAL CARE