interior design courses

• PAINTS • VARNISHES • DISTEMPERS

PAINTS Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, colour, or provide texture to objects. Paint can be made or purchased in many colours and in many different types, such as watercolour, synthetic, etc. Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types dry into a solid.

VARNISH • Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film that is primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. Varnish finishes are usually glossy but may be designed to produce satin or semi-gloss sheens by the addition of "flatting" agents. Varnish has little or no colour, is transparent, and has no added pigment as opposed to paints or wood stains, Varnishes are also applied over wood stains as a final step to achieve a film for gloss and protection.

DISTEMPER Distemper is a term with a variety of meanings for paints used in decorating and as a historical medium for painting pictures, and contrasted with temperature The binder may be glues of vegetable or animal origin (excluding egg). Soft distemper is not abrasion resistant and may include binders such as chalk, ground pigments, and animal glue. Hard distemper is stronger and wear-resistant and can include casein linseed oil as binders.

TYPES OF PAINTS 1.ALUMINIUM PAINTS 2.ANTICORROSIVE PAINT 3.ASBESTOS PAINTS 4.BITUMINOUS PAINT 5.CELLULOSE PAINT 6.CEMENT PAINT 7.COLLOIDAL PAINT 8.EMULSION 9.ENAMELPAINT 10.GRAPHITE PAINT

11.INODOROUS PAINT 12.LUMINOUS PAINTS 13.OIL PAINT 14.PLASTIC PAINT

TYPES OF PAINTS AVAILABLE IN MARKET AND GENERALLY USED

1.ALUMINIUM PAINT 2.ANTI CORROSIVE PAINT 3.CEMENT PAINT 4.EMULSION 5.ENAMEL 6.LUSTRE PAINT 7.TEXTURED PAINT 8.PRIMER PAINT 9.OIL PAINT

EMULSION PAINT

a paint having water usually as the volatile phase with various non-volatile substances (linseed oil) in emulsion as the binder it is used for walls consisting of pigment bound in a synthetic resin which forms an emulsion with water it is fast drying has a low toxicity low cost easier application and cleaning of equipment

EMULSION PAINT FINISH AND SHADE CARD

ENAMEL PAINT

enamel paint is a paint that air dries to hard usually glossy finish used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or subjected to variations in temperature typically the term enamel is used to describe oil based covering products mostly these are alkyl resin based

ENAMEL PAINT FINISH AND SHADE CARD

glossy enamel finish

LUSTRE PAINT is a synthetic oil based finish having a smooth and mid sheen level.

Example of Lustre paint finish

TEXTURED PAINT provides excellent protection against changes in atmosphere with stands extreme heat cold and rain contain special additives which provide protection against alkali and ultra violet rays resistant to fungus thick enough to cover minor defects

TEXTURED PAINT FINISH AND SHADE CARD

CEMENT PAINT

it is a water based paint applied to either exterior or interior including brick work and concrete mainly used in exterior walls to prevent water penetration and reduction of dirt collection consists of 50-60% white /Portland cement 15%lime 10-15% calcite/titanium dioxide 10% China clay 2-5%calcium chloride 5-10%calcium /aluminium sterate 3-5% alkali resistance pigment

CEMENT PAINT FINISH & SHADE CARD

WATER BASED PAINTS The majority of wall paint sold today is waterbased, but oil-based paint remains popular for glossy woodwork, doors, and furniture, as well as demanding surfaces such as floor ADVANTAGES 1.low VOCs (low levels of toxic emissions) 2.easy cleanup with water 3.quick drying 4.an elastic, flexible finish resistant to cracking 5.stable colour over time, without yellow

OIL PAINTS For those instances when an oilbased paint would traditionally be preferable, but you desire a waterbased product, a number of companies have introduced "waterborne enamels" or "waterborne alkyds." These paints look and behave much like oil-based options because they have good levelling qualities for a smooth finish.

ADVANTAGES OF OIL PAINTS

attractive gloss good "leveling" (brush strokes fill themselves in to create a smooth finish) hard, durable finish.

ALUMINIUM PAINTS the very finely ground ‘al’ is suspended in either quick-drying spirit varnish or slow drying oil varnish as per requirement the spirit or oil evaporates and a thin mettalic film of ‘al’ is formed on the surface

ADVANTAGES it

is visible in darkness ,resistant to heat,gives good appearence to the surface impervious to the moisture ,possesses high electrical resistance

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL PAINT 1.it should posses a spreading power.

2.the paint should be fairly cheap and economical.

3.it should be such that it can be applied freely and easily on the surface.

4.it should dry in reasonable time and not too rapidly.

5.the colour has to be maintained for long time.

6.it should be hard and durable.

7.it should not affect health of workers during application.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL PAINT 8. the paint should not be affected by weathering actions of atmosphere.

9.the paint should posses attractive and pleasing appearance.

10.the surface coated with paint should not show cracks on it when it dries.

11.when applied on the surface ,the paint should form a thin film of uniform nature.

WHAT IS PAINT MADE FROM? Paint consists of binders, pigments and fillers, solvents or water, and of so-called additives.

When developing new paint, the raw materials are chosen for compatibility with the object to be painted. Choice is based on the suitability of the raw materials for the application in question and on the safety and environmental properties of the raw materials.

PAINTS Binders form a film and bind the raw materials in the paint to each other. Binders are chosen according to the paint properties required and can thus greatly affect the ability of the paint to withstand the weather, wear and tear and washing and also the type of substrates to which the paint can be applied.

Pigments are fine granular powders that are insoluble in water; they are added to paint mainly to provide the desired colour and coverage. Pigments also provide protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays and some pigments improve a coating's anti-corrosive properties. Fillers are also insoluble fine granular powders but do not give paint colour or coverage. They are used to give paint its required opacity and application properties.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PAINTS First step in making paint involves mixing the pigment with resin, solvents, and additives to form a paste. If the paint is to be for industrial use, it usually is then routed into a sand mill, a large cylinder that agitates tiny particles of sand or silica to grind the pigment particles, making them smaller and dispersing them throughout the mixture. In contrast, most commercial-use point is processed in a high-speed dispersion tank, in which a circular, toothed blade attached to a rotating shaft agitates the mixture and blends the pigment into the solvent.

Paint canning is a completely automated process.

For the standard 8 pint paint can available to consumers, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto labels, then set upright so that the point can be pumped into them. One machine places lids onto the filled cans while a second machine presses on the lids to seal the cons. From wire that is fed into it from coils, a bailometer cuts and shapes the handles before hooking them into holes pre-cut in the cans

EXPLANATION Making the paste 1. Pigment manufacturers send bags of fine grain pigments to paint plants. There, the pigment is premixed with resin (a wetting agent that assists in moistening the pigment), one or more solvents, and additives to form a paste.

Dispersing the pigment

2. The paste mixture for most industrial and some consumer paints is now routed into a sand mill, a large cylinder that agitates tiny particles of sand or silica to grind the pigment particles, making them smaller and dispersing them throughout the mixture. The mixture is then filtered to remove the sand particles.

EXPLANATION 3. Instead of being processed in sand mills, up to 90 percent of the water-based latex paints designed for use by individual homeowners are instead processed in a highspeed dispersion tank. There, the premixed paste is subjected to high-speed agitation by a circular, toothed blade attached to a rotating shaft. This process blends the pigment into the solvent.

Thinning the paste

4. Whether created by a sand mill or a dispersion tank, the paste must now be thinned to produce the final product.

Transferred to large kettles, it is agitated with the proper amount of solvent for the type of paint desired

EXPLANATION Canning the paint 5. The finished paint product is then pumped into the canning room. For the standard 8 pint (3.78 liters) paint can available to consumers, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto labels, then set upright so that the paint can be pumped into them. A machine places lids onto the filled cans, and a second machine presses on the lids to seal them. From wire that is fed into it from coils, a bailo-meter cuts and shapes the handles before hooking them into holes pre-cut in the cans. A certain number of cans (usually four) are then boxed and stacked before being sent to the warehouses

FAILURE OF PAINTS

1.bad workmanship 2.conditions for painting 3.moisture 4.salts and alkalis 5.unsuitable surfaces 6.wrong choice of paint

DEFECTS IN PAINTING 1.blistering 2.bloom 3.fading 4.flaking 5.flashing 6.grinnings 7.runnings 8.sagging 9.saponification 10.wrinkling

PAINT MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDIA 1.asain paints 2.nerolac paints 3.nippon paints 4.jotun paints 5.sheenlac paints 6.agsar paints 8.british paints 9.shalimar paints 10.dulux paints 11.berger paints

TOP 10 PAINT MANUFACTURING COMPANIES AROUND THE WORLD 1.ppg 2.akzonobel 3.the sherwin-williams co.

4.rpm international 5.nippon paint holdings co.

6.the valspar corp.

7.axalta coating systems 8.basf coatings 9.kansai paint co. ltd 10.asain paints limited

APPLICATION OF PAINTS

VARNISHES the term varnish is used to indicate the solution of resins or resinous substances prepared either in alcohol ,oil or turpentine

INGREDIENTS OF A VARNISH 1.resins or resinous substances 2.driers 3.solvents

TYPES OF VARNISH depending upon the solvent varnishes are classified into different types 1. oil varnishes 2. spirit varnishes 3. turpentine varnishes 4. water varnishes

OIL VARNISH

the linseed oil is used as solvent in this type of varnish it is specially adopted for exposed works they are used on coaches and fittings in houses it dries slowly

SPIRIT VARNISH the methylated spirits of wine are used as solvent in this type of varnish the resins are soft lac or shellac is used desired colour can be obtained mostly used for furniture

TURPENTINE VARNISH the turpentine is used as solvent in this type of varnish resins are tend to be soft such as gum dammar mastic dries quickly and not durable it has light colours this type varnish is tough as oil varnish

WATER VARNISH

the shellac is dissolved in hot water or nh3 or borax or soda used for pictures and maps even used in interior works.

MANUFACTURING PROCESSS OF VARNISHES The manufacturing of the varnish is the first step in the ink manufacturing cycle, involving the incorporation of the raw materials selected to provide the intrinsic characteristics of the ink. In fact, the varnish constitutes the body of the ink: the “structural” properties of the ink depend on the quality and the properties of the resins, diluents and oils (in the case of offset inks) or solvents (in the case of liquid inks) used in the composition of the varnish.

In the case of conventional offset inks, the rates and temperatures manufacturing of the varnish consists in dissolving then cooking one or several hard resins in petroleum diluents and/or vegetable oils.

This step, frequently automated, is generally carried out in an inserted reactor equipped with stirring and heating systems .

The solubilisation and chemical recombination's , vital to obtain the final properties of the varnish, require cycles to be carried out at perfectly controlled

in the case of uv inks, the varnish is manufactured by physically mixing the basic constituents of the ink, without any heating. the chemical synthesis of the uv reagents themselves is outsourced. the varnishes used in liquid inks are formed by cold dissolution of film forming resins in solvents, using appropriate dispersers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL VARNISH • • • • • • •

it should render the surface glossy finish dry rapidly , should not shrink or show cracks after drying it should hard durable ,tough colour should not fade away when exposed to atmosphere

DISTEMPERING

distemper is applied to plastered surfaces to give a smooth finish they are comparatively cheaper than paints and varnishes they give neat finish elegant appearance and they are available in different colours

TYPES OF DISTEMPERS there are two types distempers they are 1.oil bound distemper 2.dry distemper

OIL BOUND DISTEMPER

oil bound distemper in this type of distemper in which the drying oil is rendered mixable with water, while using they are thinned by adding water, on drying the oil content in distemper hardens and yields comparatively durable coating

DRY DISTEMPER this type of distemper is not washable distemper is an early form of white wash which is used as the medium for aesthetic works of an art surfaces it's also called as soft size paint and usually made from powdered chalk or lime its uses hide glue as its medium to attain soft finish like velvet it has many similarities with lime and gives warm and charming results

HISTORY OF DISTEMPERING PAINT Many Medieval and Renaissance painters used distemper painting rather than oil paint for some of their works. The earliest paintings on canvas were mostly in distemper, which was (and is) also widely used in Asia, especially in Tibetan thankas. Distemper paintings suffer more than oil paintings as they age, and relatively few have survived. It was the commonest medium for painting banners and decorations for temporary celebrations, both of which attracted artists of the highest quality, especially when they were official court artists. In distemper painting, "the carbonate of lime, or whitening employed as a basis, is less active than the pure lime of fresco ... to give adhesion to the tints and colours in distemper painting, and to make them keep their place.

MANGOLIAN THANKA PAINTING

INGREDIENTS OF A DISTEMPER

a distemper is composed of base ,carrier colouring pigments and size for the base of distemper whiting or chalk is used as base instead of white lead and the water is used as carrier instead of linseed oil.

DISTEMPERING PROCESS distempering are applied in following manner 1.preparation of surface 2.priming coat 3.final coat

PREPARATION OF SURFACES the surface is thoroughly rubbed and cleaned if it is newly plastered surface it should be exposed to weather for drying before applying distemper if it is an old distempered surface is to be redone surface should be cleaned with profuse watering the efflorescence and patches if any should be wiped with clean cloth

PRIMING COAT • a priming coat as recommended by the manufacturer is applied on the prepared surface

FINAL COAT • two or three coats of distemper are applied each coat should by applied onlyafter the previous coathas dried

CHARECTERISTICS

1.coatings are thick and more brittle compared to paints.

2.they are workable easy in application but less durable.

3.the film being porous can be applied on even newly plastered surface.

PROPERTIES OF DISTEMPERING • exhibit poor workability.

• related as water paints and easy to apply.

• generally light in colour provide good reflection.

• usually coating is thick and more brittle.

• allows water vapour to pass through it.

• on drying the film of distemper shrinks leads to cracks and flaking less durable than paints .

3-6-475/7, 4th Floor, Kalpa Vruksha Estates, Above HDFC Bank, Opp. Vasu Medical, Himayath Nagar Main Road, Hyderabad – 500 029. www.idi.co.in Ph: 9885099577, 8074731441

Faculty

Ar.pranav