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INSIDE THE
MARCH 2020 $5 / EUR 5 / £3.30
VATICAN
THE RETURN OF THE KING
"Even Judas’ betrayal became, through divine providence, the occasion for Jesus’ supreme act of love, for the salvation of the world" —Pope Benedict XVI, in Rome at his General Audience, October 19, 2006
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“Art Pieces that are Windows to Heaven.” Michael D. O'Brien has been a professional painter of religious art for 50 years. Though his reputation as a prolific, popular Catholic novelist began in 1996 with the best-selling book Father Elijah, he is also widely known as a visual artist with his paintings in churches, universities, and public galleries and private collections throughout the world.
In this glorious, over-sized art book, O'Brien presents many of his stunning works of art. His vibrancy, originality, and variety are on display in more than 120 full-color reproductions of his paintings and Byzantine-style icons. Also included are some of his drawings and other works in black and white. AMOH . . . 10” x 12”, Sewn Hardcover, $39.95
The Presentation Jesus Christ the Word of Life
The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
“O’Brien’s time spent as writer of Byzantine icons has influenced all his work: these pieces are indeed ‘windows to heaven.’ ” — Sally Read, Poet and Author, Night’s Bright Darkness: A Modern Conversion Story “Freed from stylistic and formal fads, his images arrest viewers in the here and now before propelling them into the depths of spirituality. O’Brien’s story recalls that of Fra Angelico--living Truth while painting Truth.” —Elizabeth Lev, Art Historian and Author, How Catholic Art Saved the Faith “O’Brien has rare gifts as both storyteller and artist which few of his contemporaries can claim. Those who know his fiction will delight in his work. His work incarnates the extraordinary vision of this marvelous man. — Joseph Pearce, Author, Tolkien: Man and Myth and The Quest for Shakespeare
St. Joseph
Also available: ON THE EDGE OF INFINITY A Biography of Michael D. O’Brien Clemens Cavallin ONEFP . . . Sewn Softcover, $18.95
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03 EDITORIAL March 2020Corr1_B. EDITORIAL December, 08, p. 4 copy 2/24/20 9:35 AM Page 1
EDITORIAL
by Robert Moynihan
The Return of the King
When Jesus told his disciples he was going up to Jerusalem, they were excited, thinking he would announce the coming of his earthly kingdom. Then he went to the Temple, and cast out the merchants and thieves
Jesus’ messianic entrance into Jerusalem (559) Although Jesus had always refused popular attempts to make him king, he chooses the time and prepares the details for his messianic entry into the city of “his father David.” Acclaimed as son of David, as the one who brings salvation (Hosanna means “Save!” or “Give salvation!”), the “King of glory” enters his City “riding on an ass.” Jesus conquers the Daughter of Zion, a figure of his Church, neither by ruse nor by violence, but by the humility that bears witness to the truth. —Catechism of the Catholic Church, Paragraph 559
Below, I quote at some length from the great Church Father Origen (c. 184-c. 253), a profound mind, a lover of Christ, a passionate believer, one of the greatest of the Church Fathers. His speculations sometimes led him to positions which have been judged un orthodox. Still, Origen’s genius is acknowledged, especially in his detailed commentaries on Scripture. In the passages below, from Book 10 of his Commentary on the Gospel of John, Origen speaks about the entrance of Jesus into Jerusalem on the first Palm Sunday. Origen writes: “In the Gospel according to Matthew, after being left by the devil, and after the angels came and ministered to Him, when He heard that John was delivered up, He withdrew into Galilee, and leaving Nazara He came and dwelt in Capernaum. Then He began to preach, and chose the four fishermen for His Apostles, and taught in the synagogues of the whole of Galilee and healed those who were brought to Him. Then He goes up into the mountain and speaks the Beatitudes and what follows them... (Matthew 8)... After this most of the events of the Gospels take place, before Matthew indicates the approach of the time of Passover.” Origen notes that, in John’s Gospel, the cleansing of the Temple was Jesus’ second work, not one of His last works: “And Jesus went up to Jerusalem.” (John 2:13-17) “And He found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves and the changers of money sitting; and He made a scourge of cords, and cast out of the temple the sheep and the oxen, and poured out the small coin of the changers, and overturned their tables, and to those who sold the doves He said, ‘Take these things hence; make not My Father's house a house of merchandise.’ Then His disciples remembered that it was written, ‘The zeal of your house shall eat me up.’ It is to be noted that John makes this transaction of Jesus... His second work; while the other Evangelists narrate a similar incident almost at the end and in connection with the story of the Passion.” Origen gives the parallel passages from Matthew 21, Mark 11 and Luke 19, and suggests that John’s Gospel seems to speak of a second visit to Jerusalem, at the end of Jesus’ life, which would accord with these passages. He writes: “We read (Matthew 21:1): ‘When He drew near to Jerusalem and came to Bethphage over against the Mount of Olives, then Jesus sent two disciples, saying unto them, Go into the village over against you,
and straightway you shall find an ass tied and a colt with her; loose them and bring them to Me. And if any man say unto you, What are you doing? You shall say, The Lord has need of them, and straightway he will send them. But this was done that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, Say ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, your king comes, meek and seated upon an ass and upon the colt of an ass. And the disciples went and did as Jesus commanded them.” Origen continues: “Let us fix our attention on the words of John, beginning, ‘And Jesus went up to Jerusalem.’ (John 2:13) Now Jerusalem, as the Lord Himself teaches in the Gospel according to Matthew (Matthew 5:35) is the city of the great King. It does not lie in a depression, or in a low situation, but is built on a high mountain, and there are mountains round about it... But that city also is called Jerusalem, to which none of those upon the earth ascends, nor goes in; but every soul that possesses by nature some elevation and some acuteness to perceive the things of the mind is a citizen of that city. And it is possible even for a dweller in Jerusalem to be in sin (for it is possible for even the acutest minds to sin), should they not turn round quickly after their sin, when they have lost their power of mind and are on the point not only of dwelling in one of those strange cities of Judæa, but even of being inscribed as its citizens. “Jesus goes up to Jerusalem, after bringing help to those in Cana of Galilee, and then going down to Capernaum, that He may do in Jerusalem the things which are written. He found in the Temple, certainly, which is said to be the house of the Father of the Savior, that is, in the Church or in the preaching of the ecclesiastical and sound word, some who were making His Father’s house a house of merchandise. And at all times Jesus finds some of this sort in the temple. “For in that which is called the Church, which is the house of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth (1 Timothy 3:15) when are there not some money-changers sitting who need the strokes of the scourge Jesus made of small cords, and dealers in small coin who require to have their money poured out and their tables overturned? When are there not those who are inclined to merchandise, but need to be held to the plough and the oxen, that... they may be fit for the kingdom of God?... “And there are always many who look down on what is sincere and pure and unmixed with any bitterness or gall, and who, for the sake of miserable gain, betray the care of those tropically called doves. “When, therefore, the Savior finds in the Temple, the house of His Father, those who are selling oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting, He drives them out, using the scourge of small cords which He has made, along with the sheep and oxen of their trade, and pours out their stock of coin, as not deserving to be kept together, so little is it worth. He also overturns the tables in the souls of such as love money, saying even to those who sell doves, Take these things hence, that they may no longer traffic in the house of God.”m MARCH 2020 INSIDE THE VATICAN
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MARCH 2020
CONTENTS
Year 28, #3
LEAD STORY The Dreams of Francis in his Apostolic Exhortation “Dear Amazonia” by Christina Deardurff (with excerpts from the text and its commentators) . . . . . . . . . . . .10 NEWS INTERVIEW/Cardinal Sarah continues the debate on celibacy by Christina Deardurff, citing Edward Pentin (National Catholic Register) . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 GERMANY/”Synodal Path” proposes married priests, ordaimed women by Cameron Doody, Novenanews.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
MARCH 2020 Year 28, #3
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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Robert Moynihan ASSOCIATE EDITOR: George “Pat” Morse (+ 2013) ASSISTANT EDITOR: Christina Deardurff CULTURE EDITOR: Lucy Gordan CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: Giuseppe Rusconi WRITERS: Anna Artymiak, Alberto Carosa, William D. Doino, Jr., David Quinn, Andrew Rabel, Vladimiro Redzioch, Serena Sartini, Father Vincent Twomey PHOTOS: Grzegorz Galazka LAYOUT: Giuseppe Sabatelli ILLUSTRATIONS: Stefano Navarrini CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER: Deborah B. Tomlinson ADVERTISING: Katie Carr Tel: 202-536-4555, ext.303 kcarr@insidethevatican.com
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INSIDE THE VATICAN (ISSN 1068-8579, 1 yr subscription: $ 49.95; 2 yrs, $94.95; 3 yrs, $129.95), provides a comprehensive, independent report on Vatican affairs published monthly except July and September with occasional special supplements. Inside the Vatican is published by Urbi et Orbi Communications, PO Box 57, New Hope, Kentucky, 40052, USA, pursuant to a License Agreement with Robert Moynihan, the owner of the Copyright. Inside the Vatican, Inc., maintains editorial offices in Rome, Italy. Periodicals Postage PAID at New Haven, Kentucky and additional mailing offices. Copyright 2020 Robert Moynihan
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INSIDE THE VATICAN
MARCH 2020
DOSSIER: Giving a Soul to the Economy of Tomorrow by ITV Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Pope Francis Hosts a Global Economic Conference (Assisi, March 26-28, 2020) by Christina Deardurff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 “Look Carefully at Pope Francis’ Economy” by Dr. Samuel Gregg, Ph.D. (Research Director, Acton Institute) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 The Francesco Economy by Thomas Storck (Contributing Editor, The Distributist Review) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 ART ESSAY: Lent: The Return of the King... by ITV Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 CULTURE INTERVIEW/Russian ambassador: “The Vatican is the most stable state in Europe” by Gianni Valente, La Stampa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 PERPESCTIVE/The Arian heresy and our present age, Part 1 by Joseph Tamayo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 EDUCATION/ by George A. Harne, President, Magdalen College, New Hampshire, USA . . . . . . . . . . . .40 INTERIOR CASTLE/ by A Hermitess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 FOOTSTEPS ON THE WAY/ by Kevin V. Turley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
URBI ET ORBI: CATHOLICISM AND ORTHODOXY Icon/ by Robert Wiesner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Spirituality/ By Father El Meskeen (1919-2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 East-West Watch/ by Peter Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 News from the East: by Becky Derks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 FEATURES LATIN/The Pope who promoted “sunbathing” (Pius VII)... A remarkable inscription by John Byron Kuhner, Paideia Institute, Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Art/”High tides” in Venice threaten to flood the city by Lucy Gordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 BOOK/Selection from Lord of the World (originally published in 1907) by Monsignor Robert Hugh Benson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Vatican Watch/A day-by-day chronicle of Vatican events: January and February by Becky Derks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 People/ by Becky Derks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Food for Thought/Rival Cafés on St. Mark’s Square in Venice by Mother Martha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
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Great Churchmen Address Crisis in the Church X From the Depths
of Our Hearts Priesthood, Celibacy and the Crisis of the Catholic Church
T
he Catholic Church faces a major crisis and the turmoil in priestly ministry is at the heart of it. This book, an unprecedented work by the Pope Emeritus and a Cardinal serving in the Vatican, is a serious and unflinching look at the crisis. “The priesthood is going through a dark time,” writes Pope Emeritus Benedict along with his co-author, Cardinal Robert Sarah. “Wounded by the revelation of so many scandals, disconcerted by the constant questioning of their consecrated celibacy, many priests are tempted by the thought of giving up and abandoning everything.” In this book, Benedict and Sarah give their brother priests and the whole Church a message of hope. They honestly address the spiritual challenges faced by priests today, including struggles of celibacy. They point to deeper conversion to Jesus Christ as the key to faithful and fruitful priestly ministry and church reform. Responding to calls for refashioning the priesthood, including proposals from the Amazonian Synod, two wise, spiritually astute pastors explain the biblical and spiritual role of the priesthood, celibacy, and genuine priestly ministry. Besides the crisis in the priesthood, this book is about the nature of the Church and of Christian discipleship. This is a book that all clergy and laity should read. It is powerful and personal—from the depths of their hearts. FDOHH . . . Sewn Hardcover, $19.95
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
INSIDE THE VATICAN welcomes letters but cannot reply to all. Each is read and considered carefully. Printed letters may be edited for clarity. You may email us at editor@insidethevatican.com
@
ON SILENCE IN LENT I was moved by your February issue with the image of Christ in the desert on the cover and the title “Lent: The Way of Silence.” It is at times hard to remember that Our Lord’s sacrifice and Passion are happening now, even now. Silence is a time to be aware of His present sufferings. It is time set apart to acknowledge and accept the gift God is offering. Silence in our surroundings must be coupled with silence of mind and heart in order to hear the words of Our Lord on the cross, “I thirst.” In such silence, Lent is truly celebrated. The word “celebrate” usually brings with it a note of joy, but during Lent it is changed. Joy itself is made silent. Still present in the faint whisper of the coming Resurrection, joy is softened by the present sorrows of Our Lord and Lady. May we be made witnesses to the Passion of Our Lord throughout this Lenten season. Mary Blicharz Linden, Virginia, USA Thank you for your beautiful reflection on Lent, entitled “Lent: Way of Silence, Way of Sorrow.” This was a great reminder to refocus on what really matters in life. As Christ removed himself to the desert, so we should strive to remove ourselves this Lent from the world of noise to a place of silence. A desert is a barren place; Christ went there to be alone. This Lent, may we follow Christ into a spiritual kind of desert.
BL. STANLEY ROTHER BUSTS The Vintage Catholic – Sacred Art & Antiques – “What earlier generations held as sacred, remains sacred....” Pope Benedict XVI
www.thevintagecatholic.com 8
INSIDE THE VATICAN MARCH 2020
Here, alone and away from the world, we are forced to face our temptations, but more importantly, as you remind us, to face the reality of our very existence. As you pointed out in your reflection, it is only when we strip away worldly concerns, such as fears of viruses and cultural battles, that we can truly refocus on what really matters, and face the reality of our existence. And in this state, you remind us to look toward Christ who is the Truth, and there we will find true Happiness. For as you say, “the way of Truth is the way of joy and human happiness.” Evangeline Soutsos Front Royal, Virginia, USA
Your letter (Letter #31, June 19, 2019: The Question of Celibacy, Continence and the Priesthood) is one of the most enlightening treatments of these issues I have ever read, and I intend to get the book by Fr. Christian Cochini, S.J., The Apsotolic Origins of Priestly Celibacy, ASAP. I have never heard any of this information before — nor, I believe, have most people, let alone priests. It fully explains the whole matter of a celibate priesthood. I was astounded reading the excerpts you presented. Now the Church’s teaching on priesthood, continence and celibacy makes perfect sense. I would wager that the vast majority of priests have no understanding of this. Up to now, celibacy has been
ON PRIESTLY CELIBACY
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presented as a “mere” rule. And, as you said, a “mere” rule easily becomes a rule to be done away with. After reading your explanations (and your comments after each section really helped my understanding), everything has changed for me. In my eight years in the Chicago seminary system (high school and college; I did not continue in the Theologate; my class was ordained in 1977), I never once heard any of this. I am astounded. My eyes have been opened to the extent that I feel I can finally understand, defend and explain the Church’s teaching on a celibate priesthood, although I don’t think I would find a willing or understanding audience. I pray in my Morning Offering every day that God intervene with this Pope and prevent any relaxation of the requirement for a celibate priesthood, among other requests. I am firmly convinced Francis is backed by forces intent on destroying the Catholic Church, aided by indifferent shepherds. (Thank God for bishops like Tom Paprocki who was a year behind me in the seminary). Thank you so much for having provided these resources for me and others. Bill Schuetter (bschuetter51@att.net) Orland Park, Illinois, USA
NATURAL LAW IS A FACT Bishop Victor Fernandez is quoted in your January 2017 issue as writing: “When the Church talks too much about philosophical questions or about natural law, it is presumably doing so in order to be able to dialogue on moral issues with the non-believing world. Nonetheless, in doing this, on the one hand we do not convince anyone with the philosophical arguments of other times, and, on the other, we lose the opportunity to proclaim the beauty of Jesus Christ, to ‘make hearts burn’” (italics added). A more balanced and still effective perspective might be that the natural law is not a “philosophical argument(s) of other times.” Instead the natural law is a fact concretely and personally constitutive of each one of us from the beginning, about which academics then have secondarily written “philosophical arguments.” The natural law is about a solidlygrounded self-respect that is shared with other selves. Love your neighbor as yourself. (When we abort a preborn child we do not so much violate his/her philosophical
rights as we directly attack the victim whose nature is to go on living.) Fernandez’s “beauty of Christ,” then, is that Christ elevates our particular/ universal human nature into a gifted participation in the divine life of the Triune God. But how can hearts burn if there are no hearts? The new wine of Christ is in fact poured into a wineskin. The personalism of Pope St. John Paul II gets more to the heart of this reality than does nudging the enduring fact of so-called natural law into the dustbin of history. Peter D. Beaulieu Shoreline, Washington, USA
THE CHARISM OF PETER The Charism of St. Peter has worked and shown off its truth — the truth of Papal Infallibility. It exists! It is a real, true charism of the papacy. Pope Francis is the one who has made it come back to life. Not by declaring anything to be infallible, but rather by not declaring something to be true which is not true. He was cornered and surrounded, or so it seemed. But then he bought time and changed his mind and did the right thing. He did not walk off the cliff of no return, which was to end the continuity, since ancient times, of priestly celibacy. He did not do it and the Germans are mad. So what? The Americans and many many others are happy. Plus, he is telling everybody to take up Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament (via the American Bishops). Now we’re talking truth because that contemplative spiritual exercise of Adoration will bring more vocations to the priesthood than all the other efforts put together. Hurray for Pope Francis, a true successor to St. Peter.
We love you, Holy Father. Tom Greerty tgreerty@aol.com
“YOUR BOOKS ARRIVED” Your books arrived yesterday evening! I was moved by the inscriptions you wrote in each volume, one to Tom and one to me. How thoughtful you are and what a great memory you have in regard to our work and in Tom’s love of and many experiences in aviation. You are an extraordinary person in so many ways. Thousands are benefiting from your expertise through your “Letters,” your books and your pilgrimages. Many blessings to you in your endeavors. Susan Stanzel tomstanzel@sbcglobal.net
FROM A PRISONER I recently wrote to you and asked for a donation of back issues of your magazine that could be used to help our small Catholic community here at the Ferguson unit. Truthfully, I did not even know if you would respond, as much correspondence as you must receive. Even then, I only hoped for a few back issues of your magazine. Sir, your generosity has astounded us. Two and a half years worth of your magazine, plus other magazines such as The Sower and The Catechetical Review; I was overwhelmed when I received that package. To avoid unwanted attention, it took me three trips to bring them all to our library. With a sincere heart I thank you for your generosity. Your magazine is wonderful and needed, especially now. May the Church — Christ’s Body — be purified and enriched. Brian Joseph Wake, #869708 A prisoner
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LEAD STORY
Pilgrims travel on boats as they accompany the statue of Our Lady of Nazareth during an annual river procession and pilgrimage along the Apeu River to a chapel in Macapazinho, Brazil (CNS photo)
THE DREAMS OF FRANCIS IN HIS APOSTOLIC EXHORTATION “DEAR AMAZONIA”
Q
THE AMAZONIAN PEOPLES “HAVE A RIGHT TO HEAR THE GOSPEL,” HE SAYS — AND LAYS OUT HIS VISION FOR HOW
n BY CHRISTINA DEARDURFF WITH REPORTING BY VATICAN NEWS
uerida Amazonia — “Dear Amazonia” — is Pope Francis’ long-awaited Apostolic Exhortation, written in response to the work of last fall’s Synod on the Amazon, held in Rome October 6-27, and released February 12. Despite widespread anticipation that the document would open the door to the possibility of married, and even female, clergy, no such discussion is advanced by the Pope in the Exhortation. Instead, the Pope accentuates the need for more effective evangelization with a renewed 10 INSIDE THE VATICAN MARCH 2020
missionary zeal, and for efforts to build up the existing faith of the indigenous peoples of Amazonia in a way that respects their cultures and yet is authentically Catholic. “They have a right to hear the Gospel,” he says, “and above all that first proclamation, the kerygma, which is ‘the principal proclamation, the one which we must hear again and again in different ways, the one which we must announce one way or another.’ It proclaims a God who infinitely loves every man and woman and has re-
vealed this love fully in Jesus Christ, crucified for us and risen in our lives.” In emphasizing the centrality of the Eucharist, Francis writes, “No Christian community is built up which does not grow from and hinge on the celebration of the most holy Eucharist … This urgent need leads me to urge all bishops, especially those in Latin America, not only to promote prayer for priestly vocations, but also to be more generous in encouraging those who display a missionary vocation to opt for the Amazon region.”
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Pope Francis attends a prayer service at the start of the first session of the Synod of Bishops for the Amazon at the Vatican on October 7, 2019 (CNS photo)
The Pope rejected the idea that female ordination was an answer to the priest shortage, or that women could not be full participants in the life of the Church without being ordained, calling that an attitude which would “clericalize women.” On the subject of “inculturation” of the Church in the Amazon region, the Pope asks for revision to “the structure and content of both initial and ongoing priestly formation” to be more pastoral and in dialogue with Amazonian cultures. Francis says that “the stable presence of mature and lay leaders endowed with authority” is required in the region, calling for more permanent deacons and women religious to address the Amazon’s challenges. Since the “mature lay leaders” seems to refer to the viri probati that have been proposed by some as potential married candidates for the ordained priesthood, it is clear that the Pope is rejecting the idea of making these men priests, while recommending them instead for the diaconate. The Pope calls for revision to “the structure and content of both initial and ongoing priestly formation” to be more pastoral and sensitive to Amazonian cultures. And, he wrote, “Let us not be quick to describe as superstition or paganism certain religious practices that arise spontaneously from the life of peoples.” “It is possible,” he adds, “to take up an indigenous symbol in some way, without necessarily considering it as idolatry.” The Pope’s words call to mind the embattled “Pachamama” statuettes thrown into the Tiber River by a disapproving layman after being used in at least one seemingly pagan ceremony at the Vatican. “A myth charged with spiritual meaning,” he continues, “can be used to advantage and not always considered a pagan error. Some religious
festivals have a sacred meaning and are occasions for gathering and fraternity, albeit in need of a gradual process of purification or maturation.” More than half of the Exhortation is structured around what Francis called his four “dreams” for the Amazon region, which he calls his “social,” “cultural,” “ecological” and “ecclesial” dreams. His social dream for the Amazon region is that the Church take the side of the poor and oppressed, support healthy family and social institutions, and develop “networks of solidarity and development.” Human relationships, he says,
“are steeped in the surrounding nature” and experience a real “uprootedness” when they are “forced to migrate to the cities.” Denouncing the evil of corruption which poisons the State and its “broken” institutions, he expresses the hope that the Amazon might become “a place of social dialogue,” first of all, with the least, and that the voice of the poor might be “the most authoritative voice” in the Amazon region. Under the heading of “cultural dream,” Francis speaks of “intercultural encounter.” Diversity should, therefore, not be “a wall” but “a bridge” which rejects “a completely enclosed ‘indigenism,’” he says, and he urges the Amazonian peoples to reject “cultural colonization” and a “consumerist vision of human beings.”
In articulating his “ecological dream,” Francis cites poets like Pablo Neruda and their ability to make tangible the beauty of Amazonia, who “help free us from the technocratic and consumerist paradigm that destroys nature.” Taking care of our brothers and sisters as the Lord takes care of us is “the first ecology that we need,” he says. Caring for the environment and caring for the poor are “inseparable.” Exploitation by international interests, says Francis, must be countered by “responsibility on the part of national governments” for the welfare of their people and their environment. In laying out his “ecclesial” dream, the Pope speaks at length about inculturation — of the Gospel, and of the Liturgy, especially, saying that incorporating “many elements proper to the experience of indigenous peoples” like their “native forms of expression in song, dance, rituals, gestures and symbols” would respond to the Second Vatican Council’s call for “this effort to inculturate the liturgy among indigenous peoples.” The Pope’s explanation fell far short of the demand for an Amazonian “rite” for the Mass that some had strongly urged. Francis calls for a greater missionary presence in the region, while also encouraging greater involvement of the laity, and envisions innovative ministries that respond to the region’s unique spiritual needs — discounting, however, any suggestion of a female priesthood. He concludes Querida Amazonia with a prayer to the Mother of the Amazon Region. “Mother, look upon the poor of the Amazon region,” he prays, “for their home is being destroyed by petty interests… Touch the hearts of the powerful, for, even though we sense that the hour is late, you call us to save what is still alive.”m MARCH 2020 INSIDE THE VATICAN 11
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THE RETURN OF THE KING ESSAY
HE MUST GO TO JERUSALEM AND SUFFER
“F
rom that time on Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that he must be killed and on the third day be raised to life. Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him. ‘Far be it from you, Lord!’ he said. ‘This shall never happen to you!’ But Jesus turned and said to Peter, ‘Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me. For you do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.’
“Then Jesus said to his disciples, ‘Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny himself, take up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. What good will it be for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul? Or what can anyone give in exchange for his soul? For the Son of Man is going to come in his Father’s glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what he has done.’” —Matthew 16:21-27
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“Thus, lest they should think His suffering unworthy of Him, not by the former things only, but also by the events that were coming on, He teaches them the gain thereof. Thus in John first, He says,
Except the grain of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abides alone; but if it die, it brings forth
much fruit... And see how He also makes His discourse unexceptionable: not saying at all, whether you will, or no, you must suffer this, but how? If any man will come after me. I force not, I compel
not, but each one I make lord of his own choice; wherefore also I say, ‘If any man will.’ For to good things do I call you, not to things evil, or burdensome; not to punishment and vengeance, that I should have to compel. Nay, the nature of the thing is alone sufficient to attract you.” —St. John Chrysostom, from Homily 54, on John 12:24
Farewell of Christ to His Apostles, by Duccio di Buoninsegna (c.1255-1319), Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena, Italy
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THE RETURN OF THE KING ESSAY
THE TRIUMPHAL ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM
“N
ow when they drew near to Jerusalem and came to Bethphage, to the Mount of Olives, then Jesus sent two disciples, saying to them, ‘Go into the village in front of you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Untie them and bring them to me. If anyone says anything to you, you shall say, “The Lord needs them,” and he will send them at once.’ This took place to fulfill what was spoken by the prophet, saying,
Say to the daughter of Zion, ‘Behold, your king is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.’
28
“The disciples went and did as Jesus had directed them. They brought the donkey and the colt and put on them their cloaks, and he sat on them. Most of the crowd spread their cloaks on the road, and others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road. And the crowds that went before him and that followed him were shouting, ‘Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!’ And when he entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred up, saying, ‘Who is this?’ And the crowds said, ‘This is the prophet Jesus, from Nazareth of Galilee.’” —Matthew 21:1-11
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“We who have been baptized into Christ must ourselves be the garments that
we spread before him. Now that the crimson stains of our sins have been washed away in the saving waters of baptism and we have become white as pure wool, let us present the
conqueror of death, not with mere branches of palms but with the real rewards of his victory. Let our souls take the place of the welcoming branches
as we join today in the children’s holy song: ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name
of the Lord. Blessed is the king of Israel.’” —St. Andrew of Crete, from a Palm Sunday sermon, Oratio 9
Christ’s Entrance into Jerusalem, by Bernhard Plockhorst, a 19th century German painter (Braunschweig, 1825-Berlin, 1907)
MARCH 2020 INSIDE THE VATICAN 29
THE RETURN OF THE KING
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ESSAY
BETRAYED BY A KISS
W
hile he was still speaking, there came a crowd, and the man called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He drew near to Jesus to kiss him, but Jesus said to him, “Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?” And when those who were around him saw what would follow, they said, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?” And one of them struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his right ear. But Jesus said, “No more of this!” And he touched his ear and healed him. Then Jesus said to the chief priests and officers of the temple and elders, who had come out against him, “Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? When I was with you day after day in the temple, you did not lay hands on me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.” —Luke 22:47-53
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“Why did he do it? Some say he was too fond of money, and the offer of 30 pieces of silver was too much to resist. The Gnostic writers say he wanted to liberate Jesus from the shackles of mortality. But the Gospels tell us that Satan entered into the heart of Judas. He yielded to a temptation from the evil one. It is a mistake to think that the great privilege of living in company with Jesus is enough to make a person holy. Jesus does not force our will when he invites us to follow him along the path of the beatitudes. The only way to avoid the pitfalls that surround us is to give ourselves entirely to Jesus, to enter into full communion with him, so that we think and act as he did, in total obedience to the Father. God can turn everything to a good purpose. Even Judas’ betrayal became, through divine providence, the occasion for Jesus’ supreme act of love, for the salvation of the world.” —Pope Benedict XVI, from his General Audience, October 19, 2006
The Kiss of Judas, fresco by Giotto (1266-1337), Cappella degli Scrovegni, Padua, Italy
MARCH 2020 INSIDE THE VATICAN 31
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n BY MOTHER MARTHA
I
Stefano Navarrini illustration
taly’s major cities all count at least one world-famous piazza. From south to north: Naples: Piazza del Plebiscito; Rome: Piazza Navona, Piazza Barberini, Piazza Venezia, and Piazza di Spagna; Florence: Piazza della Signoria; Bologna: Piazza Maggiore; Genoa: Piazza de Ferrari; Turin: Piazza San Carlo; Milan: Piazza del Duomo; Padua: Piazza delle Erbe and Prato della Valle, Italy’s largest public square and one of Europe’s largest; Verona: Piazza Bra; Trieste: Piazza Unità d’Italia, and Venice: Piazza San Marco. On May 26, 1805 Napoleon was crowned King of Italy. He soon realized that he needed a large site there for his administration as well as lodgings for his (potentially significant) court when on a state visit. He chose Piazza San Marco, the political and religious center of the old Venetian Republic, and selected the Zecca (mint), the Libreria Marciana, the great library and masterpiece of Renaissance architect Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570), and the Procuratie Nuove to house his royal palace. Unfortunately, they weren’t sufficiently large for his additional needs: a vast room for public ceremonies, a monumental staircase, and a main entrance onto the piazza. So he ordered the construction of the Ala (Wing) Napoleonica opposite the Basilica, which today houses the Correr Museum. Napoleon never lived in his “Venetian Palace,” which wasn’t completed until 1836 during the Austrian occupation, some 15 years after the death of the “Little Corporal” (one of Napoleon’s 21 nicknames), but nonetheless he’s said to have called St. Mark’s Square, “the drawing room of Europe.” Napoleon’s remark, although its authenticity is unproved, is still valid today, at least partially thanks to two rival cafés on opposite sides of the Square: Caffè Florian and Gran Caffè Quadri. According to Ian Littlewood’s A Literary Companion: Venice: “Coffee had first been brought to the attention of the Venetians in 1585 when Gianfrancesco Morosoni, who was bailo (ambassador) in Constantinople, reported to the Senate that the Turks were accustomed to drink ‘a black water, boiled up as hot as they could bear it, which is distilled from a seed called kahvé (coffee!) and which they say has the property of making a man stay awake.’ By the middle of the next century coffee was on sale in Venice as a medicine. Its popularity increased, imports rose, and in 1683 the first coffee shop opened under the arcade of the Procuratie Nuove, where Florian’s still sets out its tables.” Caffè Florian was founded on December 29, 1720 (so it will soon celebrate its 300th birthday) and named “Alla Venezia Trion-
fante” or “Triumphant Venice.” After Café le Procope founded in 1686 in Paris and Baroque Haus Zum Arabischen Coffe Baum in Leipzig founded by Heinrich Schütze in 1694, it’s the oldest café in Europe continuously open in the same location. The first café to open to women, after a few months Venetians began calling it “Florian’s” after its founder Floriano Francesconi. Over the centuries among its world-famous patrons are poet Giuseppe Parini, political writer Silvio Pellico, poet Ugo Foscolo, Goethe, Dickens, Lord Byron, Rousseau, Canova, D’Annunzio with actress Eleanora Duse, Stravinsky, Proust, and Modigliani. Its Sala del Senato, one of its six beautifully decorated rooms, is the birthplace of the international art fair, Il Biennale. In spite of the several steps up from the Square’s pavement, on November 12 last year the acqua alta flooded Florian’s. Fortunately, the water only reached to just below the seats of the red velvet-cushioned sofas. Within two hours after reopening two days later, the Caffè had received 2,500 congratulatory messages on Facebook. Lord Byron and Rousseau were also clients of the more bustling, pro-Austrian Gran Caffè Quadri, located under the arcade of the Procuratorie Vecchie at the Square’s pavement level so that November’s flood waters, much higher than at Florian’s, reached the wall frescoes luckily protected by Plexiglas panels. Although unnoticeable now, the damage was considerable and Quadri’s was closed for several days. Several websites report that either a shop owned by Turkish merchants selling coffee or a restaurant called “Il Rimedio” or “The Cure,” thanks to its sweet wine Malvasia, thought to “reinvigorate the limbs and awaken the spirit,” date to 1638 at Quadri’s location. For certain on May 28, 1775, Giorgio Quadri returned after many years to his hometown from Corfu with his Greek wife Naxina. It was her idea to purchase “Il Rimedio” and open a coffee house, even if in Venice she had over 200 competitors, 24 of which were located on the Piazza. Quadri’s guestbook includes Stendhal, Richard Wagner, De Balzac, Dumas’ father, and, more recently, Gorbachev, Mitterand, and Woody Allen. Redecorated in 2018 by the ingenious French architect Philippe Starck, Quadri’s is the only restaurant on St. Mark’s Square. Since 2011 it’s run by the Alajmo family from Padua, owners of Le Calandre with three Michelin stars. Quadri’s has one. Both Florian’s and Quadri’s have tables in the Square and an orchestra each. Although rivals, they alternate playing music so as not to drown each other out.m
RIVAL CAFÉS ON ST. MARK’S SQUARE IN VENICE
From left to right: two views of the Caffè Florian; Max and Raf Alajmo of Caffè Quadri; an interior of Caffè Quadri
62 INSIDE THE VATICAN MARCH 2020
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