51378 Apache Tears Ct. La Pine - Homebook

*Customary for Seller to Pay

RealEstateAgentCommissions

Reconveyance/ReleaseFees

PrepaymentPenalties(IfApplicable)

Owner'sTitleInsurance

EscrowFee

TaxProrations

LienSearch(ifapplicable)

Mortgages&Encumbrances

AnyPropertyTaxDue

LoanOriginationFee/Discount

CreditFee

MortgageInsurance(ifapplicable)

ReserveSetUpFee(ifapllicable)

FireInsurance1year(homeownerspolicy)

Floodinsurance(ifapplicable)

FloodandTaxCertifications

PrepaidInterest

HomeOwnersAssociationFees(ifapplicable)

VAFundingFee

TaxProration

EscrowFee

RecordingFee LendersTitleInsurance

* Items listed are intended to represent only what may be customarily charged and may not reflect actual charges at closing. Consult with your real estate professional or title company representtaive for actual charges specific to your transaction.

Seller to pay full escrow fee (includes buyer escrow fee)

This week the median list price for La Pine, OR 97739 is $487,000 with the market action index hovering around 31. This is less than last month's market action index of 32 Inventory has increased to 66

Market Action Index

This answers “How’s the Market?” by comparing rate of sales versus inventory

Real-Time Market Profile

Slight Seller's Advantage

In the last few weeks the market has achieved a relative stasis point in terms of sales to inventory. However, inventory is sufficiently low to keep us in the Seller’s Market zone so watch changes in the MAI. If the market heats up, prices are likely to resume an upward climb.

Market Segments

Median List Price

Again this week we see prices in this zip code remain roughly at the level they’ve been for several weeks. Since we’re significantly below the top of the market, look for a persistent up-shift in the Market Action Index before we see prices move from these levels.

Segments

In the quartile market segments, we see prices in this zip code have settled at a price plateau across the board. Prices in all four quartiles are basically mixed. Look for a persistent shift (up or down) in the Market Action Index before prices move from these current levels.

Price Per Square Foot

The market plateau is seen across the price and value. The price per square foot and median list price have both been reasonably stagnant. Watch the Market Action Index for persistent changes as a leading indicator before the market moves from these levels.

Inventory has been falling in recent weeks. Note that declining inventory alone does not signal a strengthening market. Look to the Market Action Index and Days on Market trends to gauge whether buyer interest is changing with the available supply.

Market Action Index

In the last few weeks the market has achieved a relative stasis point in terms of sales to inventory. However, inventory is sufficiently low to keep us in the Seller’s Market zone so watch changes in the MAI. If the market heats up, prices are likely to resume an upward climb.

Market Action Segments

Not surprisingly, all segments in this zip code are showing high levels of demand. Watch the quartiles for changes before the whole market changes. Often one end of the market (e.g. the highend) will weaken before the rest of the market and signal a slowdown for the whole group.

Median Days on Market (DOM)

The properties have been on the market for an average of 150 days. Half of the listings have come newly on the market in the past 155 or so days. Watch the 90-day DOM trend for signals of a changing market.

Segments

It is not uncommon for the higher priced homes in an area to take longer to sell than those in the lower quartiles.

AreaProfiled:BlackBearMeadows

AverageSalePricebyYear:01/01/2015-04/13/2023

*7sale(s)areincludedinthegraph

SalesStatisticsbyYear:01/01/2015-04/13/2023

InformationisdeemedreliablebutnotguaranteedPoweredbygeoAdvantage

Property Profile Taxes Deed

PropertyProfileSummary

SUBJECTPROPERTY

250745

DeschutesCounty

ADDRESS

51378ApacheTearsCt

LaPine,OR97739

OWNER

Srijunyanont,NapawanEtAl

DATE 04/13/2023

PREPAREDBY SarahLewis

sarahl@deschutestitle.com

DESCHUTESCOUNTYPROPERTYPROFILEINFORMATION

Parcel#:250745

TaxLot:221014DB00203

Owner:Srijunyanont,NapawanEtAl

CoOwner:

Site:51378ApacheTearsCt

LaPineOR97739

Mail:20561BoydCt

BendOR97701

LandUse:101-Residential-Improved(typicalofclass)

StdLandUse:RSFR-SingleFamilyResidence

Legal:BLACKBEARMEADOWSLot:4

Twn/Rng/Sec:T:22SR:10ES:14Q:SEQQ:NW

ASSESSMENT&TAXINFORMATION

MarketTotal:$426,290.00

MarketLand:$105,740.00

MarketImpr:$320,550.00

AssessmentYear:2021

AssessedTotal:$165,120.00

Exemption:

Taxes:$2,817.30

LevyCode:1-109

LevyRate:170621

SALE&LOANINFORMATION

SaleDate:08/31/2022

SaleAmount:$450,00000

Document#:33135

DeedType:Deed

LoanAmount:$360,00000

Lender:CANOPYMTGLLC

LoanType:Conventional

InterestType:

TitleCo:AMERITITLE

PROPERTYCHARACTERISTICS

YearBuilt:2006

EffYearBuilt:

Bedrooms:3

Bathrooms:2

#ofStories:1

TotalSqFt:1,732SqFt

Floor1SqFt:1,732SqFt

Floor2SqFt:

BasementSqFt:

Lotsize:025Acres(10,890SqFt)

GarageSqFt:436SqFt

GarageType:

AC:

Pool:

HeatSource:

Fireplace:1

BldgCondition:

Neighborhood:005

Lot:4

Block:

Plat/Subdiv:BlackBearMeadows

Zoning:LPR-ResidentialSingle-Family

SchoolDist:1-Bend-LaPineSchoolDistrict

Census:3134-000200

Recreation:

SentryDynamics,Inc anditscustomersmakenorepresentations,warrantiesorconditions,expressorimplied,astotheaccuracyorcompletenessofinformationcontainedinthisreport

Deschutes County Property Information

Report Date: 4/13/2023 9:16:10 AM

Disclaimer

The information and maps presented in this report are provided for your convenience. Every reasonable effort has been made to assure the accuracy of the data and associated maps. Deschutes County makes no warranty, representation or guarantee as to the content, sequence, accuracy, timeliness or completeness of any of the data provided herein. Deschutes County explicitly disclaims any representations and warranties, including, without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Deschutes County shall assume no liability for any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in the information provided regardless of how caused. Deschutes County assumes no liability for any decisions made or actions taken or not taken by the user of this information or data furnished hereunder.

Account Summary

Account Information

Mailing Name:

Map and Taxlot:

Account:

Tax Status:

Situs Address:

Property Taxes Assessment

SRIJUNYANONT, NAPAWAN ET AL

221014DB00203 250745

Assessable

51378 APACHE TEARS CT, LA PINE, OR 97739

Ownership

Mailing Address:

SRIJUNYANONT, NAPAWAN ET AL

20561 BOYD CT

BEND, OR 97701

Subdivision:

BLACK BEAR MEADOWS

Valuation $105,740 $320,550

Lot:

Block: 4

Assessor Acres:

Tax Code Area: Current Tax Year: 1109 $2,817.30 0.25

Property Class: 101 -- RESIDENTIAL

Warnings, Notations, and Special Assessments

Land Structures

Total $426,290

Current Assessed Values:

Maximum Assessed Assessed Value

Real Market Values as of Jan. 1, 2022 $165,120 $165,120

Veterans Exemption

Review of digital records maintained by the Deschutes County Assessor’s Office, Tax Office, Finance Office, and the Community Development Department indicates that there are no special tax, assessment or property development related notations associated with this account. However, independent verification of the presence of other Deschutes County tax, assessment, development, and additional property related considerations is recommended. Confirmation is commonly provided by title companies, real estate agents, developers, engineering and surveying firms, and other parties who are involved in property transactions or property development. In addition, County departments may be contacted directly to discuss the information.

Tax Payment History

Sales History

Related Accounts

Related accounts apply to a property that may be on one map and tax lot but due to billing have more than one account. This occurs when a property is in multiple tax code areas. In other cases there may be business personal property or a manufactured home on this property that is not in the same ownership as the land.

No Related Accounts found.

Service Providers Please contact districts to confirm.

Development Summary

247-E91798

LIMITED ELECTRICAL ENERGY - 1 & 2 FAMILY DWELLING

LIMITED ELECTRICAL/AUDIO & STEREO SYSTEMS

LIMITED ELECTRICAL/BURGLAR ALARM

LIMITED ELECTRICAL/GARAGE DOOR OPENER

LIMITED ELECTRICAL/FIRE ALARM

247-21-007211-MECH

JAMES D

Service Description:

Heat pump

Air handling unit of up to 10,000 cfm

Inspections

No inspection records found.

Mechanical Permit Details

VIEW HEATING INC

Service Description:

ISSUANCE FEE

INSTALLATION OR RELOCATION OF FORCED-AIR OR GRAVITY-TYPE FURNACE OR BURNER, INCLUDING DUCTS AND VENTS ATTACHED TO SUCH APPLIANCE UP TO AND INCLUDING 100,000 BTU/H

VENTILATION FAN CONNECTED TO SINGLE DUCT

VENTILATION SYSTEM WHICH IS NOT A PORTION OF ANY HEATING OR AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM AUTHORIZED BY A PERMIT INSTALLATION OF HOOD WHICH IS SERVICED BY MECHANICAL EXHAUST, INCLUDING DUCT FOR HOOD

Inspections

No inspection records found. 247-P31039

Plumbing Permit Details

STATEMENT OF TAX ACCOUNT

REAL PROPERTY TAX STATEMENT

JULY 1, 2022 TO JUNE 30, 2023

DESCHUTES COUNTY, OREGON - 1300 NW WALL ST STE 203, BEND, OR 97703

TAX BY DISTRICT

TAX ACCOUNT: 250745

SRIJUNYANONT, NAPAWAN ET AL 20561 BOYD CT BEND OR 97701

PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

CODE: 1109

SITUS ADDRESS:

LEGAL:

221014-DB-00203

51378 APACHE TEARS CT LA PINE

BLACK BEAR MEADOWS 4

For Property Information: dial.deschutes.org

Full Payment with 3% Discount

Discount is lost after due date and interest may apply

PAYMENT OPTIONS:

* Online

* By Mail to Deschutes County Tax, PO Box 7559 Bend OR 97708-7559

* Drop Box located at 1300 NW Wall Street, Bend or 411 SW 9th Street, Redmond

* In Person 1300 NW Wall Street, Ste 203, Bend (2nd Floor)

Please include this coupon with payment. Please do not staple, paper clip or tape your payment.

Payment Due November 15, 2022

Please select payment option

Full Payment (3% Discount)

Two-Thirds Payment (2% Discount)

One-Third Payment (No Discount) Next Payment Due

Next Payment Due

Please make checks payable to Deschutes County Tax Collector

TAX ACCOUNT: 250745

SRIJUNYANONT, NAPAWAN ET AL 20561 BOYD CT BEND OR 97701

(Mailing address change form on reverse)

7559

SCHOOL DISTRICT #1 737.62 C O C C 96.07 HIGH DESERT ESD 14.93 EDUCATION TOTAL: 848.62 DESCHUTES COUNTY 188.63 COUNTY LIBRARY 85.17 COUNTYWIDE LAW ENFORCEMENT 162.58 RURAL LAW ENFORCEMENT 221.41 COUNTY EXTENSION/4H 3.48 9-1-1 56.03 CITY OF LA PINE 306.58 CITY OF LA PINE URBAN RENEWAL 144.46 LAPINE RURAL FIRE DISTRICT 237.23 LAPINE RURAL FIRE 5 YR LOCAL OPTION 105.68 LAPINE RURAL FIRE 10YR LOCAL OPTION 37.98 LAPINE PARK & RECREATION 46.45 GENERAL GOVT TOTAL: 1,595.68 COUNTY LIBRARY BOND 55.71 SCHOOL #1 BOND 2007 115.34 SCHOOL #1 BOND 2013 33.57 SCHOOL #1 BOND 2017 155.72 C O C C BOND 12.66 BONDS - OTHER TOTAL: 373.00 Deschutes County Property Information Report, page 9 (For Report Disclaimer see page 1)

AerialMap

ParcelID:250745

TaxAccount#:221014DB00203

51378ApacheTearsCt, LaPineOR97739

Thismap/platisbeingfurnishedasanaidinlocatingtheherein describedlandinrelationtoadjoiningstreets,naturalboundariesand otherland,andisnotasurveyofthelanddepictedExcepttotheextent apolicyoftitleinsuranceisexpresslymodifiedbyendorsement,ifany, thecompanydoesnotinsuredimensions,distances,locationof easements,acreageorothermattersshownthereon

AssessorMap

ParcelID:250745

TaxAccount#:221014DB00203

51378ApacheTearsCt, LaPineOR97739

Thismap/platisbeingfurnishedasanaidinlocatingtheherein describedlandinrelationtoadjoiningstreets,naturalboundariesand otherland,andisnotasurveyofthelanddepictedExcepttotheextent apolicyoftitleinsuranceisexpresslymodifiedbyendorsement,ifany, thecompanydoesnotinsuredimensions,distances,locationof easements,acreageorothermattersshownthereon

Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions

Clink the Hyperlink on the next page to view Electronically

Property Maps

ParcelID:250745

TaxAccount#:221014DB00203

51378ApacheTearsCt, LaPineOR97739

Thismap/platisbeingfurnishedasanaidinlocatingtheherein describedlandinrelationtoadjoiningstreets,naturalboundariesand otherland,andisnotasurveyofthelanddepictedExcepttotheextent apolicyoftitleinsuranceisexpresslymodifiedbyendorsement,ifany, thecompanydoesnotinsuredimensions,distances,locationof easements,acreageorothermattersshownthereon

Community Services

Schools Report

School#1

SchoolDistrict

DistFromSubject077miles School COIC-LAPINE

16493BluewoodPlSte3

School#2 SchoolDistrict Bend-LaPineAdministrativeSD1

DistFromSubject094miles

51615CoachRd

School#3

SchoolDistrict Bend-LaPineAdministrativeSD1

DistFromSubject104miles

16360FirstSt

97739

School#4

SchoolDistrict Bend-LaPineAdministrativeSD1

DistFromSubject114miles

SiteAddress 51633CoachRd City Lapine Zip 97739

School LAPINESENIORHIGHSCHOOL

1-Regularschool

414

SchoolDistrict Bend-LaPineAdministrativeSD1

DistFromSubject244miles

School ROSLANDELEMENTARY SiteAddress 52350ReaseDr

Lapine Zip 97739

1-Regularschool

208

OREGON AT-A-GLANCE SCHOOL PROFILE

LaPine Elementary School

PRINCIPAL: Patrick Flanagan | GRADES: K-5 | 51615 Coach Rd, LaPine 97739 | 541-355-8000

REGULAR ATTENDERS

Students who attended more than 90% of their enrolled school days. 42%

Academic Success

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS

MATHEMATICS

Students meeting state grade-level expectations. 17%

2021-22

Academic Progress

INDIVIDUAL STUDENT PROGRESS

Year-to-year progress in English language arts and mathematics.

School Goals

Our promise is for every student to be known by name, strength and need; and to graduate ready for college, career and citizenship. Our focus is on people, starting with our teachers and school staff and extending to students, families and community partners. We ask teachers, school leaders and staff to hold our students to high expectations, to model those standards in their own behavior and to provide all students the support they need to succeed.

State Goals

The Oregon Department of Education is partnering with school districts and local communities to ensure a 90% ontime, four year graduation rate by 2025. To progress toward this goal, the state will prioritize efforts to improve attendance, provide a well-rounded education, invest in implementing culturally responsive practices, and promote continuous improvement to close opportunity and achievement gaps for historically and currently underserved students.

Data not available in 2021-22

SCIENCE

Students meeting state grade-level expectations. 13%

Safe & Welcoming Environment

Bend-La Pine Schools is committed to creating a safe and welcoming environment for all students. Our strategic priorities include

· Maximizing safety for students, staff, and the community.

· Ensuring physically and psychologically safe, secure and orderly learning environments.

· Building upon our foundation of prevention, intervention, emotional health and crisis preparedness.

LaPine Elementary School

Outcomes

Our Staff (rounded FTE)

22 Teachers

9 Educational assistants

REGULAR ATTENDERS

American Indian/Alaska Native <10 students or data unavailable

Asian <10 students or data unavailable

Black/African American <10 students or data unavailable

Hispanic/Latino 43%

Multiracial 40%

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander <10 students or data unavailable

White 42%

Free/Reduced Price Lunch 42%

Ever English Learner <10 students or data unavailable Students with Disabilities 35%

Migrant <10 students or data unavailable

Homeless 36%

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS

<10 students or data unavailable

students or data unavailable

students or data unavailable

MATHEMATICS

<10 students or data unavailable

students or data unavailable

students or data unavailable

students or data unavailable

80%

2 Counselors/ Psychologists Average teacher retention rate

Students in Foster Care <10 students or data unavailable

Talented and Gifted <10 students or data unavailable

Female 42%

Male 42%

Non-Binary <10 students or data unavailable

About Our School

BULLYING, HARASSMENT, AND SAFETY POLICIES

EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

PARENT ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

% of licensed teachers with more than 3 years of experience

Yes

70% Same principal in the last 3 years

Bend-La Pine Schools is committed to creating a safe and welcoming environment for all students. Our strategic priorities include

· Maximizing safety for students, staff, and the community.

· Ensuring physically and psychologically safe, secure and orderly learning environments.

· Building upon our foundation of prevention, intervention, emotional health and crisis preparedness.

Bend-La Pine Schools values extracurricular activities, including interscholastic sports, academic clubs, service clubs and more. To learn more about the activities offered at our school, connect with our staff or visit our school website for details.

We ask parents and families to partner with us in giving children the support they need to succeed at school. We ask community partners to consider committing more time and expertise. We offer numerous ways for interested families and community members to connect with our schools — through volunteering, attending school activities and events and much more.

We offer numerous ways for interested community members and businesses to connect with our schools. We partner with local businesses and community agencies to provide students with learning opportunities. Contact our schools to learn more about ways to connect.

Places to Go & Things to Do

District at 388-5435.

Development Department of the Park & Recreation

trail concerns please call the Park Services and

& Recreation District. For questions or to report

River Trail are managed by the Bend Metro Park

The Bend Urban Trail System and the Deschutes

administered by the Bend Visitors and Convention Bureau.

www.bendparksandrec.org. Funding for this map provided by a City of Bend grant

Foundation to help build the river trail. For more information, see

DESCHUTES RIVER TRAILS SYSTEM

WELCOME TO THE DESCHUTES RIVER TRAIL!

or donating time or money to the Bend Park and Recreation

Bend Metro Park and Recreation District Adopt a Trail Program

Consider helping to maintain a section of trail through the

ADOPT A TRAIL PROGRAM

 No camping, smoking or fi res.

 Do not litter. If you pack it in, please pack it out.

disposal bags and trash cans.

removed. Dog “rest stops” along the trails provide you with

 Dogs must be on leash at all times and their waste properly

observe pedestrian-only trail sections.

 Bicyclists are not allowed on all sections of the trails. Please

 No motorized vehicles are allowed on the trails.

 Stay on the trail. Please don’t trespass on private property.

safe and pleasant for all users:

P ea s e o o w t h es e s m p e g u d e n es t o k e e p t h e t ai e x p e e n c e

TRAIL USE REGULATIONS

The Deschutes River Trail portion of the Bend Urban Trails System allows nearly uninterrupted access to the beautiful waterway that is the heart of the community. The trail system is divided into fi ve “reaches,” defined by landscape characteristics.

The Bend Park and Recreation District is at work building a fully connected river trail between Tumalo State Park and Meadow Camp. Once complete, the trail system will encompass nineteen miles of trails. This map shows existing trails open to the public.

AWBREY REACH

Visitors can access the River Trail at its northernmost point at Kirkaldy Court off of Putnam Rd. This section of the trail, constructed on top of the buried Tumalo irrigation canal, consists of soft-surface and unimproved surfaces, and includes a few moderate hills. Along the middle stretch of this reach, the river drops into a deep canyon but the trail stays high on the canyon wall, offering spectacular views of the river below and the Three Sisters in the distance. A steep climb up the Archie Briggs Canyon Trail connects to Mt. Washington Dr.

RIVER

RUN REACH

This section, favored by many locals, is also built over the Tumalo canal and was the first section of river trail to open in 1989. The surface is both soft-surface and unimproved, and is wide and relatively flat. The trail runs between the river and a high canyon wall, and passes through the River’s Edge golf course and adjacent neighborhoods. There are several wetlands in this reach, inhabited by songbirds, trumpeter swans, otter and beaver. Osprey frequently nest and fish here.

PIONEER REACH

This reach passes through the oldest and most established sections of Bend. The trail isn’t always right on the river, but instead follows sidewalks through neighborhoods and downtown. It passes through beautiful Drake Park on Mirror Pond and ends in McKay Park. There are several footbridges along the way offering opportunities to cross the river.

OLD MILL REACH

Once the site of two large ponderosa pine lumber mills, today the Old Mill Reach is a mix of river parks, the Shops at the Old Mill, and areas yet to be developed. Three footbridges connect trail legs on either side of the river, providing convenient walking loops. On the east side, the trails are hard surface from the Old Mill District to the Bill Healy bridge. The trail on the west side offers a mix of hard and soft surfaces. Farewell Bend Park provides two developed boat landings for paddlers using the Deschutes River water trail. The east side trail passes through Farewell Bend Park, which also provides two developed boat landings for paddlers using the Deschutes River water trail.

SOUTH CANYON REACH

This reach has trail legs on both sides of the river, connected by a new footbridge approximately 1 1/2 miles upstream of the Farewell Bend Park bridge. The river flows fast here through a beautiful canyon, cascading over rocks and logs.

West side: This reach’s west-side leg is known as the Mt. Bachelor Village Trail. Here the soft surface trail is open to pedestrians, but cyclists are not allowed. An alternative cycling route connects from the Bill Healy Bridge to the Haul Road Trail along Century Drive.

East side: The east-side trail at the northern end of this reach is unimproved surface, narrow and rocky in places; the southern end is on the gravel ditch road which runs above the river and next to the COID siphon pipe. There are several connections to nearby neighborhoods along the way.

DESCHUTES RIVER FLOWS SOUTH TO NORTH

Discover natural landscapes, wildlife, and scenic byways. Discover exceptional places to exercise, play, relax, or commute. Discover the Bend Urban Trails System.

POINTS OF INTEREST ALONG THE DESCHUTES RIVER TRAIL

 Included in the Oregon Cascade Birding Trail system, Sawyer Park offers the opportunity to spot a variety of birds.

 The historic Radamacher House and Plaza overlook Mirror Pond and Drake Park, with the Three Sisters visible in the background. This site includes a sign interpreting Bend’s founding.

 Located across the foot bridge from Drake Park, Pageant Park was named in commemoration of the Bend Water Pageant, a favorite community event that ran from 1933-1965. An interpretive sign describes the event highlight, the launch of large lighted floats on Mirror Pond.

 The Drake Park interpretive sign (located directly in front of the public restrooms) describes Bend’s early sense of community spirit.

 McKay Park is the site of the Oregon Trunk Railroad interpretive sign, which describes Bend’s early railroad history.

 Across the river from Farewell Bend Park is the new Riverbend Park, acquired in 2004 as community park space. The first phase of park development is planned for fall of 2005.

 Farewell Bend Park, Bend’s newest community river park, honors the history of the logging industry at this site with two interpretive signs. Two additional signs explain a riparian restoration project and other steps being made to care for the health of our river and its ecosystem. The park includes a playground and restrooms.

 The boardwalk here offers a view of Central Oregon Irrigation District’s Hydro site, where irrigation water is dropped back to the river through two turbines, generating electrical power. The public has access to this trail section thanks to an agreement with COID—please stay on the designated trail.

 Mt. Bachelor Village Resort, in partnership with Brooks Resources and the High Desert Museum, has provided a series of informative signs along this section of trail which describe the native habitat, foliage, and other points of interest.

 At this point along the trail, visitors can see the COID irrigation diversion which At this po nt the rai , vis tors can see the COID rr gat on diversion wh ch sends river water into the canal system to support agricultural and power production needs. Fish are directed back to the river by an elaborate fish screen. Danger: This area is not open to the public.

Food Trucks/Carts

https://www.visitbend.com/food-drink/restaurants/food-carts/

https://www.google.com/search?q=food+carts+near+me&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS874US875&oq=food+ca rts+&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0i512j0i457i512j0i402j46i175i199i512l2j0i512l4.9132j0j15&sourceid=chrom e&ie=UTF-8

https://www.menupix.com/oregon/cn/158/370037/Food-Trucks-Prineville

https://www.google.com/search?q=food+trucks+in+sisters+oregon&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS874US875&ei =nMxVYpS4Ns2dkPIPufeDoAg&oq=food+trucks+in+Sisters&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAEYADIFCAAQgAQ yBQgAEIYDMgUIABCGAzoLCC4QgAQQxwEQrwE6BggAEBYQHkoECEEYAEoECEYYAFAAWPcKYNAiaABw AXgAgAHRAYgBugmSAQUwLjYuMZgBAKABAcABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz

https://www.google.com/search?q=food+trucks+in+madras&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS874US875&ei=nMxV YpS4Ns2dkPIPufeDoAg&ved=0ahUKEwiU9pOLm4_3AhXNDkQIHbn7AIQQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=food +trucks+in+madras&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBggAEBYQHjIFCAAQhgMyBQgAEIYDOgcIABBHELADO goIABBHELADEMkDOggIABCABBDJAzoFCAAQkgM6BQgAEIAEOgsILhCABBDHARCvAUoECEEYAEoECEYY AFDeEliMGmDVHGgBcAF4AIABrQGIAZoHkgEDMC42mAEAoAEByAEHwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz

https://www.google.com/search?q=food+trucks+in+culver+oregon&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS874US875&ei =bM1VYqjDC_bTkPIP_Zuj2AY&ved=0ahUKEwioqYDum4_3AhX2KUQIHf3NCGsQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq =food+trucks+in+culver+oregon&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKsCOgoIABBHELADEMkDOgcIABB HELADOgYIABAWEB46BQgAEIYDOgUIIRCgAUoECEEYAEoECEYYAFD2BljNDmCFEGgBcAF4AIABswGIAcQ JkgEDMC43mAEAoAEByAEEwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz

https://pdx.eater.com/maps/best-restaurants-bend-oregon-guide

Central Oregon Healthy Food

https://www.visitbend.com/food-drink/restaurants/vegan-vegetarian-gluten-free/

https://www.google.com/search?q=healthy+eats+in+central+oregon&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS874US875& ei=Vs5VYo6xJp_TkPIPjIqV4AI&ved=0ahUKEwiOtOXdnI_3AhWfKUQIHQxFBSwQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq =healthy+eats+in+central+oregon&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAM6BggAEAcQHjoICAAQBxAFEB46BQgAEI YDSgQIQRgASgQIRhgAUABYjyhg6D5oAnABeAGAAe8DiAHND5IBCjIuMTAuMS4wLjGYAQCgAQHAAQE &sclient=gws-wiz

Kid Friendly Attractions

https://forgetsomeday.com/things-to-do-in-bend-oregon-with-kids/

https://www.cascadiakids.com/things-do-kids-bend-oregon/

https://oldmilldistrict.com/things-to-do-with-kids/

https://www.visitbend.com/things-to-do/activities/kid-family-friendly-activities/

Farmers Markets in Central Oregon

https://visitcentraloregon.com/dining/food/farmers-market/

https://www.localharvest.org/prineville-or/farmers-markets

https://hdffa.org/its-farmers-market-season/

https://redmondoregonfarmersmarket.com/

https://www.sistersfarmersmarket.com/

https://www.localharvest.org/redmond-or/farmers-markets

https://www.madrassaturdaymarket.com/

Central Oregon Breweries

https://www.visitbend.com/food-drink/restaurants/brewery-pub/

https://www.google.com/search?q=breweries+in+central+oregon&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS874US875&oq =&aqs=chrome.0.69i59i450l8.68566434j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://visitcentraloregon.com/dining/drinks/breweries/redmond/

https://beermebend.com/bend-oregon-brewery-locations/

https://www.google.com/search?q=prineville+breweries&rlz=1C1CHBD_enUS1025US1025&oq=prine ville+breweries&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i22i30j0i390i650.4688j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?q=breweries+in+madras+oregon&rlz=1C1CHBD_enUS1025US1025& oq=breweries+in+madras+oregon&aqs=chrome..69i57.6398j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Private Schools in Central Oregon

https://www.niche.com/k12/search/best-private-schools/c/deschutes-county-or/

https://movingtobend.com/relocation-blog/2021/a-guide-to-public-and-private-schools-in-bendoregon/

https://www.countyoffice.org/bend-or-private-schools/

Central Oregon Winter Activities

https://www.visitbend.com/things-to-do/activities/winter-fun/

https://visitcentraloregon.com/things-to-do/activities/winter/

https://www.google.com/search?q=winter+activities+central+oregon&rlz=1C1CHBD_enUS1025US102 5&oq=winter+activities+central+oregon&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i22i30l2j0i390i650l3j69i60l2.14288j0j4 &sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Central Oregon Trivia and Bingo Nights

https://www.riversplacebend.com/games

https://beermebend.com/bend-oregon-brewery-locations/

https://www.bendsource.com/bend/bingo-with-bren-supporting-saving-grace/Event?oid=16320982

https://www.visitbend.com/food-drink/astro-lounge/

https://theyardfoodpark.com/events/

https://www.silvermoonbrewing.com/events

https://www.bendsource.com/bend/tuesday-night-trivia-in-redmond/Event?oid=18829261

Calendar of Events for Central Oregon

https://visitcentraloregon.com/calendar-of-events

https://www.bendsource.com/bend/EventSearch?v=g#grid

https://www.visitbend.com/event-calendar/

Economic Development For Central Oregon

Table of Contents

Welcome to Central Oregon

Where the commute times are short and breathtaking views await you at every turn. The region features dramatic snow-capped mountain ranges and high desert plateaus within Deschutes, Crook and Jefferson counties.

Located halfway between San Francisco and Seattle, the hottest small metropolitan market in the U.S. is Central Oregon. In the last decade the region has seen some of the highest sustained GDP growth, job growth and population growth. With these factors in mind, The Milken Institute has named the region the best small metropolitan in the nation four years in a row – an unprecedented feat no other location has ever received.

Central Oregon is pulling extraordinary talent and capital, fostering a diverse and highly entrepreneurial business ecosystem. Lured by natural scenic beauty and big city amenities (world-class health care, education, dining) without big city costs or hassle, people are learning that having a true work-life balance is possible. Employees are happier; companies are more innovative and capital-efficient. All in a region dominated by small to mid-sized firms that compete globally – and win.

CENTRAL OREGON OVERVIEW

Regional Population: 244,560

(2020 estimates from Portland State University)

Regional Labor Force: 116,665

(Seasonally adjusted total for Q4 2019 from Oregon Employment Department)

Bend-Redmond MSA GDP Per Capita: $46,903

(2017 estimate from the Bureau of Economic Analysis)

*Bureau of Economic Analysis data is only available for the Bend-Redmond MSA

Access to and from our region has never been easier with seven national carriers flying 54+ segments daily to 10 international airports. The best part?

Travel through the Redmond airport is a breeze.

POPULATION

Central Oregon has been among the fastest growing regions anywhere in the U.S.

In-migration has been the dominating factor in the region’s growth with thousands of new residents moving to the area from all over the country every year. At the same time, the region’s ability to attract young families has resulted in strong birth rates.

“Central Oregon’s ability to consistently attract new residents is one of the key reasons our labor force continues to expand year after year. The population growth in the Bend-Redmond MSA, alone, has far outpaced any other Oregon metro for the last eight years.”

Kale Donnelly Workforce Analyst, State of Oregon Employment Department

NEW RESIDENTS, NEW IDEAS & NEW ENERGY

#2 FASTEST GROWING CITIES IN THE U.S.

With over 4.5 million visitors flocking to Central Oregon each year, it proves a great introduction to our region’s culture, lifestyle and a great first impression for businesses. Central Oregon and the Bend-Redmond MSA continually top the nation in population growth. In fact Bend has been among the 15 fastest growing cities in the U.S. four of the last five years. While our population grows, so does our workforce. We’re cultivating a community that has consciously decided to live here and work towards making our region an even better place to live.

POPULATION TOTALS FOR CENTRAL OREGON

MOVE

Business Cost Comparison

Oregon offers more incentive programs to traded sector businesses (companies that sell products or services outside the area) than Washington and California combined. Even without taking those incentives into consideration, Oregon is still a more cost-effective choice for doing business. Contact EDCO for a detailed look at the business costs in Central Oregon.

“While our move to Central Oregon may have started for personal reasons, it has allowed us to do more with our business than we thought possible. It has allowed us to hire amazing employees – the available talent here in Central Oregon has proven to be of the highest caliber and chocked full of integrity. Sometimes you feel like you can get lost in a big city. In Sisters we have been able to be part of a growing and nurturing business community.” - Wyatt

Case Study: Holy Kakow

Founded in Portland in 2009, Holy Kakow creates premium organic chocolate sauces and syrups that are used in coffee shops across the nation and globe. After running the business for nearly a decade, founder Wyatt Woods decided a move to Sisters, Oregon would be beneficial for his family. The next step was to figure out how to move the successful business. After EDCO’s help with site selection, incentives, permitting, and more, Holy Kakow was able to move their operations into a new building in the Sisters Business Park. The relocation allowed them to scale for growth, even during the pandemic, expanding their employment from three to eight in the span of a couple months. Holy Kakow have their sights set on new product launches, and with the backing of the community and the growing number of craft food businesses in Sisters, they’re surrounded by a strong business ecosystem to help them succeed.

We guide employers outside the region through the relocation process as a resource for regional data, incentives, talent, site selection, and A-Z problem solving.

Woods, President and Owner, Holy Kakow

Sources: Tax Foundation 2021, US Energy Information Association (Natural Gas) April 2021, US Energy Information Association (Electricity) May 2020

RELOCATE & EXPAND

Get connected to our growing industry clusters that include: Brewing, Bioscience, Outdoor Products, Technology, Automotive, Aerospace, and Advanced Manufacturing.

Our tools to help your company include: linking with the local supply chain, finding talent, incentives, business finance, and more.

WHY CENTRAL OREGON?

When compared against its neighbors to the north and south, Oregon’s overall business costs rank significantly lower. Average electricity rates, natural gas rates, state & local sales tax rates, and business tax climates in particular are significantly lower than the national average.

We help you navigate the regional and local real estate market, infrastructure and permitting processes.

For a relocating business, Central Oregon has a reputation for welcoming new companies without sacrificing workforce, talent, quality healthcare, transportation, or infrastructure. EDCO’s resources and connections can help your business make the right decisions when choosing a new home.

Case Study: Riff Cold Brewed

Riff Cold Brewed was born from a mission to produce the world’s most delicious cold brewed coffee. Serial entrepreneur Paul Evers (also behind Bend staple Crux Fermentation Project), along with a crew of other Central Oregonians, started Riff in late 2017. They opened a bottling and production facility in Redmond, along with the first-of-its-kind Cold Brew Taproom in Bend.

Riff is a great example of how economic development programs are poised to help companies grow. From the beginning, they worked with Redmond Economic Development (REDI) to utilize different tax incentive programs, while connecting with other community resources to help the company position itself to grow more efficiently. In October 2019, Riff presented and won funding at the Bend Venture Confer -

(BVC), the largest angel conference in the West.

With innovation at its core, Riff has taken the craft brewing expertise to create the next great variation in energy drinks. The funding they received from BVC allowed them to further develop their latest product, Alter Ego, a natural plant-based energy drink brewed from coffee’s little-known fruity pulp, cascara, a traditionally wasted biproduct of coffee.

We mentor and advise scalable young companies from concept to exit on issues such as access to capital, critical expertise and business strategy.

ence

“Central Oregon has an incredible entrepreneurial ecosystem, filled with self-starters and trailblazers. These companies are creating new opportunities with the help of multiple influential organizations. EDCO and the newly-formed food and beverage industry association, Cultivate Bend, support and guide the many product companies that call this region home.”

-Paul

Evers, CEO, Riff Cold Brewed

A driving force for our economic performance is a collaborative and inclusive entrepreneurial community. This is supported via the number of new business registrations, which has outpaced far larger cities. In 2019, AdvisorSmith ranked Bend fifth for Top Midsize Cities where Americans Start the Most Businesses at 3.79 business started per 1,000 residents.

The region is large enough to provide resources and access to capital that help new entrepreneurs get started, while still being small enough that those resources are interconnected to support businesses as they grow. Unique to Central Oregon, given its size, are the numerous community resources and assets that are available. Assets managed by EDCO include monthly Central Oregon PubTalks, the Stable of Experts (mentors) and the largest Angel Conference in the West, the Bend Venture Conference.

SMALL CITIES FOR STARTING A BUSINESS

Source: Wallet Hub, April 2019.

Both Redmond and Bend made Wallet Hub’s Top 10 list for best cities to start a business at #4 and #9 respectively, based on an index of criterial that included business environment rank, access to resources rank and business costs rank. They were the only two Oregon cities to make the top 75 of 1,261 small cities ranked in the index.

GROW

“From our initial startup days through our expansion today, it is refreshing to work with organizations like EDCO, the Redmond Chamber and the City of Redmond. These groups have worked side by side with our team to get us where we are today and have been an asset to our growing business. They are prime examples of organizations focused on supporting sustainable business growth and helping develop a stronger community for years to come!”

-Matt Tobolski, President and Founder, BASX Solutions

Case Study: BASX Solutions

BASX Solutions is an industry leader in the design and manufacturing of high-efficiency data center cooling solutions, cleanroom systems, custom HVAC solutions, and more. Headquartered in Redmond since 2014, BASX has customers across the U.S. and around the globe. They recently broke ground on a new 75,000 square foot building expansion, allowing the company to consolidate its operations while substantially increasing their manufacturing capacity.

The expansion will give BASX approximately 200,000 square feet of manufacturing space while bringing additional jobs to what is already one of the city’s largest employers, nearly doubling their employee count once their facilities are operational and fully staffed.

Part of what drew BASX to Central Oregon in 2012 was the fact that Redmond stood out as a city that values and supports business and manufacturing operations. It became clear quickly that the City, Redmond Economic Development, Inc., the Redmond Chamber, and other organizations work together collectively to support job growth. The ability for these entities to work together seamlessly lured BASX to the region and has spurred their expansion, allowing them to continue focusing on delivering their products to critical industries.

We partner with local traded-sector companies to help them grow and expand, offering them the very same incentives and assistance as relocation projects.

#2 FASTEST JOB GROWTH IN THE U.S. - FORBES, 2019

Private sector employment growth in the region was 22% higher than Oregon’s average over the last 10 years, and is projected to grow by 12% through 2029.

Workforce Development

Improving the Readiness and Employability of Central Oregon’s Future Workforce

Now in its fourth year, Youth CareerConnect (YCC) continues to connect employers and students with real work experience throughout Central Oregon. By supporting internships and experiential learning opportunities in the community, YCC has made it simpler for schools and employers to connect while fostering a work-ready labor force for years to come.

YCC is equipped to support virtual internships with local companies now that remote learning and remote work are the new norm. High School, college and alternative education students can access virtual training and support, including resume building, interview preparation, guidance for professional work ethics, and more. Since its inception, YCC has built a rolodex of over 240 business partners and placed more than 290 students in meaningful internships. Personalization for both the business and the student is at the core of what YCC does, and why it continues to thrive. To get involved with Youth CareerConnect, visit: youthcareerconnect.org .

- Damon Runberg, Oregon Employment Department, 2020

DESCHUTES COUNTY #1 COUNTY

RECEIVING MOST INVESTMENT IN OREGON

-SMARTASSET, 2020

“Bend enjoys a truly collaborative environment. Everyone is not only supportive of each other, but excited to see one another grow. We share the same trails, rivers and slopes and ultimately share a similar vision to help Bend succeed.”

The combination of a collaborative culture, a supportive attitude among government and economic development agencies, plus a location that attracts talent and investment all help Central Oregon compete nationally.

BY COUNTY IN OREGON

Scott Allan GM, Hydro Flask

TRANSPORTATION

Redmond Municipal Airport (RDM; www.flyrdm.com ) provides commercial air service with an average of 27 daily outbound flights to Denver, Los Angeles, Mesa, Phoenix, Portland, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San

Francisco, San Jose, and Seattle via seven carriers (Alaska, Allegiant, American, Avelo, Boutique, Delta, and United).

Average Commute Times

SanFranciscoLosAngeles Seattle Portland Denver Bend

The Central Oregon average commute time is 24 minutes each way, saving the average worker over one work week per year !

Source: Census.gov 2019

Travel Time & Distance by Car

RAIL FREIGHT

Burlington Northern-Santa Fe (BNSF), Union Pacific (UPRR) and the City of Prineville Railway (COPR) provide direct connections for shipping to any market in the United States, Canada and Mexico.

Travel Time By Air

U.S. Highways 97 and 20 are two of the state’s major trucking routes, with access to major metro areas with connections to Interstate 5 (N-S) and Interstate 84 (E-W).

Because most of our region has been built new in the past two decades, our telecommunications infrastructure is one of the Northwest’s most technologically advanced, meeting business and telecommuting requirements for capacity, redundancy and reliability.

UTILITIES EDUCATION

Central Oregon is well-recognized for its high level of education, with some of the best K-12 public schools in the nation. In 2020, the Bend-La Pine school district’s average SAT scores surpassed the national average by over 130 points. Additionally, our higher education opportunities abound. From Oregon State University-Cascades ongoing expansion, to Central Oregon Community College’s four campuses in the region, there are opportunities for all to obtain a quality education.

HEALTHCARE

Top quality healthcare is one of Central Oregon’s crown jewels. St. Charles Health System is the largest healthcare provider in the region, and is also the largest employer with over 4,500 employees across the tri-county area. A network of more than 100 clinics and specialty practices further support the community.

TOP EMPLOYERS

CENTRAL OREGON RANKED #1 IN THE STATE FOR JOB GROWTH AT 41%

According to the Oregon Employment Department, 77% of Oregon establishments have nine or fewer employees and the average private establishment employs 11 people.

Still, a number of large employers operate successfully here, tapping into Central Oregon’s ever-expanding workforce, the overall low cost of doing business and business-friendly local governments. This year, the top 50 private companies collectively employ nearly 21,000 Central Oregonians, or roughly 21.9% of the region’s current total employment.

FOUNDATIONS OF CENTRAL OREGON’S ECONOMY 109

ADVANCED MANUFACTURING

• More than 100 businesses in advanced manufacturing make their own products here in Central Oregon as well as provide a critical role in the supply chain for other OEMs in aviation/aerospace, brewing & distilling, specialty food processing, and automotive.

• Additive and subtractive machining of metals and plastics, advanced welding and metal fabrication, specialty metals casting, production printing and publishing, as well as specialized machinery and equipment.

• The largest employers in this industry group include Precision Cast Parts (PCC) Schlosser, Keith Manufacturing and BasX Solutions.

AVIATION & AEROSPACE

• The production of light aircraft in Central Oregon spans back more than 30 years and over that time, 25 aircraft have moved through the process of design on paper to flight.

• Composite (carbon fiber) fabrication and innovation aircraft are the region’s specialty with world-class talent and capabilities clustered here.

• Some of the most successful flight training programs in the country are located in the region with both fixed-wing and helicopter flight schools that serve the global industry.

BIOSCIENCE

• Producing everything from titanium implants to cutting edge drug research, our bioscience industry has been experiencing year-over-year double digit employment growth for nearly a decade.

• Quietly, Central Oregon’s bioscience industry has proven capable of attracting worldclass scientific and technical talent that has made companies here competitive on a global scale.

• Swiss-based pharmaceutical research and manufacturer Lonza is the largest bioscience company in the region, and among the largest in Oregon, with two campuses and additional operations scattered across Bend.

BREWING & DISTILLING

• Central Oregon is home to breweries both large and small, with Deschutes Brewery’s production placing it in the top 10 largest craft breweries in the U.S.

• For Oregon, which has 312 craft breweries, nearly one-third of the largest 30 brewers by volume, are located in Central Oregon – testimony to the quality of product produced here.

• The region is also home to a dozen craft cideries and distillers, two of which Bendistillery and Avid Cider, are the second largest in the state.

#3 BEST U.S. CITIES FOR BEER LOVERS

#3 LEADING HOP PRODUCTION STATE

#3 BREWERIES PER CAPITA IN THE U.S.

BUILDING PRODUCTS

• After 100+ years and considerable structural change, the building products industry is still Central Oregon’s largest traded-sector employer.

• Businesses in this sector compete and win on a global scale, innovating and automating their way to becoming leaders in their respective sub-industries including manufacture of wood doors and windows, mouldings, cabinetry, furniture and musical instruments.

• The region’s largest manufacturer and second largest private employer, Brightwood Corporation, is based in Madras, but is now a truly regional employer with operations in Redmond, Culver and Prineville.

OUTDOOR GEAR & APPAREL

• Diverse group of businesses in a variety of subsectors including rock climbing, water sports, hydration, hiking and backpacking, recreational vehicles, outerwear, and software.

• The region is also home to the Oregon Outdoor Alliance (OOA) and Oregon’s Office of Outdoor Recreation, both which are dedicated to connecting and cultivating the industry.

• The country’s first dedicated startup accelerator for the industry, Bend Outdoor Worx, is located in Bend.

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

• More and more, professional services are exported out of the tri-county region including engineering, architecture, accounting, HR and recruitment, creative services, marketing, advertising, and publishing among others.

• The creative, marketing and advertising subsectors of this industry are particularly strong in Central Oregon with firms providing world-class services in a variety of industries.

TECHNOLOGY

• Including software companies, electronics manufacturers, alternative energy R&D and production, and data centers, the region has over 130 tech companies employing nearly 3,000 people.

• Five dozen software companies call the region home, more often than not locating their headquarter operations here.

• Prineville has a growing national data center hub, home to Facebook’s largest U.S. data center campus (4.6 million square feet and growing) and Apple across the street, due to the innovative infrastructure, affordable industrial land, multiple telecom carriers for redundancy, desert climate for optimal efficiency, and globally compeitive tax incentives.

FOUNDATIONS OF CENTRAL OREGON’S ECONOMY #5

FOR 5-YEAR HIGH TECH GDP GROWTH -MILKEN INSTITUTE, 2020

Central Oregon is blessed with a rare mix of city amenities and restful isolation. It offers the slower speed of a small town with a medical community and infrastructure not normally seen in a region of its size. Additionally, Central Oregon residents maintain a work/life balance that is difficult to achieve elsewhere.

#1

TOP 100 BEST PLACES TO LIVE IN AMERICA

#3

MOST FITNESS FRIENDLY PLACE IN THE U.S.

#7 SMALL CITIES FOR BUSINESS

BEST PERFORMING SMALL CITY FOUR YEARS IN A ROW!

#8 BEST PLACES TO LIVE IN THE U.S.

30 Golf Courses

Miles and Miles of Trails

Flourishing Arts & Culture Scene

32 Breweries & Counting

300 Days of Sunshine

ABOUT EDCO

Founded in 1981, EDCO is a non-profit corporation supported by private and public members and stakeholders. Our mission is to create a balanced and diversified economy with a strong base of middle-class jobs in Central Oregon.

To do this, we focus on helping companies do the following:

MOVE. We guide employers outside the region through the relocation process as a resource for regional data, incentives, talent, site selection, and more.

START. We mentor and advise scalable young companies from concept to exit on issues such as access to capital, critical expertise and business strategy.

GROW. We partner with local traded-sector companies to help them grow and expand.

Cascade

Central

Central

City

City

City

City of Prineville

City of Redmond

City of Sisters

Combined Communications

Crook County

Deschutes County

First Interstate Bank

Jefferson County

Mid Oregon Credit Union

OSU-Cascades

Pacific Power

PacificSource Health Plans

Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt

SGA CPA’s St. Charles Health System

U.S. Bank

Additional information available at EDCOINFO.COM

• Upcoming networking events, luncheons, conferences, and more

• EDCO Info Hub: current comprehensive data for Central Oregon

• Stable of Experts: a network of seasoned professionals with a passion for start-ups and small businesses

• Success stories from regional businesses

• Business news on EDCO’s