Ultrasonic Efficacy Study in Milano IT EN

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&30 .:9?=:7 ,? /,D ?3 ;@? 49 0A4/09.0 ,

=0/@.?4:9 49 ;,=,>4?0>

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University of Milan Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Parasitology

REPORT ON THE ACTIVITY OF AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH ULTRANOSIC EMISSION (40 kz) FOR MONITORING THE TICK AND FLEA INFESTATION ON CATS AND DOGS

MATERIALS AND METHODS

'/=>= 2+@/ ,//8 7+./ 98 .91= 90 .300/</8> ,<//.= =/B +8. +1/ '+,6/ =97/ .97/=>3- +8. =97/ 29=>/. 38 + 5/88/6=+ +==/==/. G+> 2312 <3=5 90 >3-5 380/=>+>398H

'2/ ./@3-/ 2+= ,//8 03B/. >9 + -97798 -966+< +8. >2/8 +::63/. 98 >2/ .91= =?,4/-> >9 >/=>381 '2/ ./@3-/ A+= +::63/. 98 .97/=>3- .91= :<9>9-96 8< 09< :</@/8>3@/ :?<:9=/= ,/>A//8 >2/ /8. 90 ?6C +8. >2/ ,/1388381 90 ?1?=> ,/09</ :+<+=3>/= +::/+</. 98 >2/ +837+6=I -9+> 38 &/:>/7,/< +8. 98 9>2/< .91= :<9>9-96

.97/=>3- += A/66 +6</+.C 380/=>/. ?1?=> >9

038+6 >/=> 2+= >2/8 ,//8 7+./ 98 .91= :<9>9-96 8< 0<97 ?1?=> >9 &/:>/7,/< 5/:> 38 + 5/88/6= 29=>381

.91= >2/ .91= 1<9?:/. >2<// ,C >2<// A/</ -29=/8 +--9<.381 >9 >2/ 6/@/6 90 380/=>+>398 :</=/8> 38 =?,4/->= 5/:> 38 .300/</8> ,9B/= '2/ -98.3>398= 90 >2/ 5/88/6= +8. =>+>/ 90 7+38>/8+8-/ 90 >2/ +837+6= 38 0+-> 7+5/ >3-5 380/=>+>398 79</ :<9,+,6/ 9< >2/=/ </+=98= <9?>38/ ></+>7/8>= A3>2 + =96?>398 -98>+38381 =?8>96 +8. #+1?@98 +</ -+<<3/. 9?> 38 9<./< >9 5//: 380/=>+>398 ?8./< -98><96

'2/ /B:/<37/8>+6 :<9>9-96 =>+>/= >2+> +> 6/+=> =?,4/->= :</=/8> 38 /+-2 ,9B -29=/8 09< >/=>381 =29?6. ,/ 380/=>/.

A3>2 >3-5=

>2/ 6+:=/ 90 >37/ ,/>A//8 >2/ :+<+=3>3-3./ ></+>7/8> +8. >2/ +::63-+>398 90 >2/ -966+< -9?6. 89> ,/ =29<>/< >2+8 .+C= >2/ -966+< =29?6. ,/ +::63/. >9 =?,4/->= 09< /+-2 ,9B A3>2 + 6/@/6 90 380/=>+>398 +==/==/. += 7/.3?7 2312 E + 0?<>2/< ></+>7/8> A3>2 =?8>96 +8. #/1?@98 =29?6. ,/ +.7383=>/</. >9 =?,4/->= 09?8. :9=3>3@/ >9 380/=>+>398 +0>/< .+C= 0<97 >2/ +::63-+>398 90 >2/ -966+< 38 9<./< >9 /=>+,63=2 >2/ .300/</8-/= ,/>A//8 >2/ ></+>7/8>= =// '+,6/ +8.

'2/ .91= +6=9 ?8./<A/8> -6383-+6 >/=>= >9 /=>+,63=2 30 +8C .3=>?<, 9< +66/<1C 7312> 9--?< += + -98=/;?/8-/ 90 >2/ -966+< +8. :+<+=3>96913-+6 >/=>= >9 +==/== 3>= 98 .+C= => 8. <. >2 >2 >2 >2 +8. >2 0<97 >2/ +::63-+>398 .+C =// >+,6/

?<381 >2/ >/=>= =/@/<+6 =:/-37/8= 90 >3-5= 2+@/ ,//8 9,=/<@/. +8. -966/->/. 09< 3./8>303-+>398

Table 1: anamnestic data regarding the dogs used for testing

%

" "

"

" "

" "

" " " " " "

"

A g e

:<9.?->= A3>2 :+<+=3>3-3./ :9A/<

!"

$ #! " " "!

& & & & &

& & & & &

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # #

Half-breed

/<7+8 =2/:2/<. +60 ,<//.

9B '/<<3/< 9-5/<

/<7+8 =2/:2/<.

9-5/< +60 ,<//.

8163=2 &/>>/< 8163=2 &/>>/<

+60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//.

8163=2 &/>>/< +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. /<7+8 &2/:2/<. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//. +60 ,<//.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

66 >2/ =:/-37/8= -966/->/. .?<381 >2/ >/=>= >?<8/. 9?> >9 ,/6981 >9 =:/-3/=

= 0+< += >2/ >96/<+,363>C 90 >2/ :<9.?-> 3= -98-/<8/. 898/ 90 >2/ =?,4/->= >9 A23-2 >2/ -966+< A+= +::63/. =29A/. /3>2/< =C7:>97= </6+>/. +66/<1C 9< .3=>?<, A/ -+8 -98=/;?/8>6C =>+>/ >2+> ?6><+=983- A+@/= /73>>/. .9 89> 38>/<0/</ 98 >2/ 89<7+6 ,/2+@39?< 90 >2/ +837+6=

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

0>/< .+C= >2/ :/<-/8>+1/ 2+. </+-2/. >3-5= 09?8. +6 >2/ /8. 90 >2/ >/=> += 9::9=/. >9

9,=/<@/. 98 .+C 09< >2/ =?,4/->= ></+>/. 986C A3>2 >2/ -966+< A236/ >2/ </.?->398 :/<-/8>+1/ 98 >2/ .91= ></+>/. A3>2 =?8>96 +8. #/1?@98 98 >2/ >2 .+C 90 >2/ >/=> A+=

= 09< >2/ /00/->3@/8/== 90 >2/ ./@3-/ >9A+<.= >2/ $ $ # ! 3 / >2/ 8?7,/< 90 =?,4/->= =>366 380/=>/. >2/ 8?7,/< 90 =?,4/->= ></+>/. >2/ </.?->398 :/<-/8>+1/ A+=

09< >2/ 03<=> 1<9?: 8/1+>3@/ =?,4/->= 9?> 90 =3B ></+>/. +8. 09< >2/ =/-98.

1<9?: A23-2 38-6?./. =?,4/->= ></+>/. 986C A3>2 >2/ ?6><+=983- ./@3-/ :9=3>3@/ =?,4/->= 9?> 90 ></+>/.

6>29?12 >2/=/ .+>+ +</ 89> =318303-+8>6C .300/</8> 98 >2/ =>+>3=>3- 6/@/6 B

:

>2/C :<9@/ >2+> >2/ +->3@3>C 90 >2/ ?6><+=983- ./@3-/ 3= +> 6/+=> /;?+6 >9 >2/ 98/ 90 >2/ 79=> -97798 -2/73-+6 :+<+=3>3-3./ :<9.?->= ?=/. 38 >+6C

'2/ +->398 90 >2/ ?6><+=983- A+@/= 3= :+<>3-?6+<6C /00/->3@/ +8. <+:3. 38 0312>381 >2/ >3-5= +> >2/3< /+<6C 630/ =>+1/= 6+<@+/ +8. 8C7:2= +8. >2/ 7+6/ >3-5= .?/ >9 >2/3< ,396913-+6 0/+>?</= 38 0+-> >2/3< </6+>398=23: A3>2 >2/ 29=> 3= 89> =9 >312> +8. >2/3< ,699. 0//.= +</ 89> :<96981/.

&?-2 </=?6> 3= +6=9 -9803<7/. ,C >2/ 9,=/<@+>398 90 >3-5= 7+./ 98 =?,4/->= 8<

+8.

98 A23-2 =97/ 8C7:2= F :<9,+,6C -98><+->/. ,/-+?=/ 90 >2/ 2312 :</==?</ 90 >2/ :+<+=3>/ :9:?6+>398 F A/</ 09?8. 98 >2/ >2 +8. >2 .+C +0>/< >2/ +::63-+>398 90 >2/ ./@3-/ 8 =?-2 -+=/= >2/ /:3=9./= 90 </ 380/=>+>398 2+@/ -+?=/. + =?../8 +8. .<+7+>3- 38-</+=/ 90 >2/ :+<+=3>/ :</=/8-/ += 2+::/8/. >9 =?,4/-> 8< 0<97 >3-5= 98 >2/ >2 .+C >9

>3-5= 98 >2/ >2 .+C +8. >9 =?,4/-> 8<

0<97 >3-5= 98 >2/ >2 .+C >9

>3-5= 98 >2/ >2 .+C */> 98 >2/ >2 .+C ,9>2 =?,4/->= =29A/. + </.?->398 38 >2/ 8?7,/< 90 >3-5= /;?+6 >9

+8. </=:/->3@/6C >2?= :<9@381 >2/ /00/->3@/8/== 90 >2/ ./@3-/ 38 5//:381 >2/ /:3=9./= 90 </ 380/=>+>398 ?8./< -98><96

38+66C 9?< </=?6>= .9 89> .300/</8>3+>/ =318303-+8>6C 38 >/<7= 90 /00/->3@/8/== </6+>/. /3>2/< >9 >2/ 6/81>2 90 >2/ -9+> 9< >9 >2/ +837+6 =3D/ '2/ G</:?6=3@/H /00/-> 3= 1<+.?+6 +8. </+-2/= >2/ 2312/=> 6/@/6 +0>/< A//5= 0<97 >2/ +::63-+>398 >2/ 03<=> :+<+=3>/= </79@/. +</ >29=/ :</=/8> 98 >2/ .91=I 2/+. +8. :/<39<,3>+6 </1398=

$8 >2/ ,+=3= 90 >2/ +,9@/ 7/8>398/. </=?6>= A/ -+8 -98-6?./ >2+> >2/ ?6><+=983- ./@3-/ ?=/. .?<381 >2/ >/=>= 3= A/66 >96/<+>/. ,C >2/ .91 >2/ /00/->3@/8/== 90 >2/ ./@3-/ 38 </79@381 >2/ :+<+=3>/= 0<97 >2/ .91 2+= ,//8 :<9@/. += @/<C =?--/==0?6 +8. 29A/@/< += :9A/<0?6 += >2+> 90 >A9 +->3@/ :<38-3:6/= =?-2 += =?8>96 +8. #/1?@98 A29=/ :+<+=3>3-3./ +->398 3= A/66 </89A8/.

6+?.39 /8-23 %<90/==9< 90 (/>/<38+<C %+<+=3>9691C

Table 2.1 Parasiticide effectiveness of a device emitting ultrasonic waves on dogs

91 9+>

#?7,/< 90 >3-5= 9,=/<@/.

+C

97/=>3- .91=

"/.3?7 =29<>

!981

&29<>

!981

!981

Table 2.2 Parasiticide effectiveness of a device emitting ultrasonic waves on dogs

91 9+>

91= 5/:> 38 5/88/6=

"/.3?7 =29<>

"/.3?7

&29<>

&29<>

"/.3?7

"/.3?7

!981

&29<>

"/.3?7

!981

&29<>

&29<>

"/.3?7 6981

"/.3?7

&29<> " Effectiveness

#?7,/< 90 >3-5= 9,=/<@/.

+C

3 1 %

3 7 %

4 7 %

&?,4/->= ></+>/. +6=9 A3>2 :+<+=3>3-3./ :<9.?->= Effectiveness Subjects treated only with ultrasonic waves Effectiveness

6 3 %

7 6 %

></+>7/8> 7+./ ,C =:981381 .91= A3>2 + =96?>398 90 =?8>96 +8. #/1?@98 8C7:2=

Translation carried out by a skilled translator on Kem-o-Tek Italiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s behalf.

The Translation has been written according to the original Italian text.