MArch Portfolio Year 4.3

tengku INDA

qed DESIGN PORTFOLIO 4.3

“ If you are irritated by every rub, how will your mirror be polished? ” - Rumi

table of

CONTENTS

[1] Gaia DWELLINGS Collaboration with Biospheric Foundation

[2]

Event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER Event ANALOGIES

[3] Timber MANUFACTURE Technology Manufacturing Class

[ Biospheric Foundation + Urban Splash | MSA | LIVE COLLABORATION ] Summer 2014

GAIA DWELLINGS “There is no better designer than NATURE” - Vinny 2014

table of

CONTENTS 10.0 Lifecycle Concept 11.0 Development Workflow 12.0 Design Process 13.0 Massing: Restore 14.0 Programme: Strategy 1.0

Brief Biospheric

15.0 Design Development 1

2.0

Group Work

16.0 Water: Nourish

3.0

Communication Engagement

17.0 Food: Grow

4.0

Biospheric Site Analysis

18.0 Design Development 2

5.0

Paired Collaboration

19.0 Structurality: Strengthen

6.0

Gaia Dwellings

20.0 Materiality: Breathe

7.0

Biospheric Detail Criteria

21.0 Final Design

8.0

Biospheric Engagement

22.0 Competition Board

9.0

Main Issue

23.0 Future Development

brief BIOSPHERIC

Qed has teamed up with the Biospheric Foundation and other collaborating professionals to continue our exploration of `homes` that recalibrate our expectations for building ecologies in the second millenium. Our common aim is to initially produce concepts for a development next to the Biospheric Foundation building in Manchester that embody a positive ecological approach to the design, construction, operation and use of a building comprising of 10 – 15 habitational units.

Therefore, we have to test our operations within a new ecological paradigm; in order to meet the expectation that our culture might evolve sustainably.

The implication is that as designers we need to understand the `life of our buildings in time` is the fundamental basis of an ecology of manufacture, use, operation, adaptation, reuse and renewal.

post render production

rendering

elevations

RADZI

renders future development

sections

drawings

final products

plans

BIOSP HO

proposal presentation

client meeting

professional engagement

preparation

INDA

diagramation

tutor meeting

preparation

proposed presentation

group WORK passive house

client feature

lifecycle

SAI

7 strategies

issues

layer of change

concept

conceptual

ideology

development process

research

PHERIC OUSE

concept development workflow

diagram

detailed criteria booklet construction & materials

building requirement plans and layout

ALAN

Our team consisted of four people Saidatul, Radzi, Alan and I. Based on our individual strengths, knowledge of the other members’ working techniques and understanding of each other, we have decided to split our team into two groups. Given our time constraint since one of us has to go to Cyprus, it would be productive to give the early task for Alan and Radzi. They were tasked to come out with a concept and handling final output such a rendering and synopsis of the project.

Saidatul and I were working on the development of digital visualization and animation of the concept. They were also in charge of conceptional representation of our ideas through diagrams and imagery.

After Alan has come back from Cyprus, all of us were in charge of the final conceptual images and diagrams as well as coordinating and editing the work into a coherent presentation.

CORRESPONDENCE .

1 April

25 March

18 March

11 March

4 March

communication ENGAGEMENT

EMAIL MEETING WITH VINNY

CONTACT VINNY

EA MEETINGS .

BRIEF ON PROJECT

MEETING WITH VINNY

ALAN M.I.A SITE ANALYSIS DESIGN PAIRED

EVENTS .

SITE VISIT

MEETING WITH TUTORS

MEETING W CANC

ALAN GOES TO CYPRUS FOR ST

DIVIDED TO GROUPS RESEARCH BOOKLET PAIRED PRESENTATION

RADZI FLIES BACK TO MALAYSIA EMERGENCY DESIGN INITIATES

START CONCEPT IDEAS

DES DEVELO

20 May

13 May

6 May

29 April

22 April

15 April

8 April

WITH VINNY CELED

THE END

ASTER BREAK MEETING WITH TUTORS 2

TUDY TRIP

SIGN OPMENT

COMPETITION BOARD COMFIRMATION OF DESIGN

FINAL DESIGN

biospheric SITE ANALYSIS

Site analysis is an important part of a design process.

Through careful research and analysis, design proposals can form positive relationships with the surrounding context. Through studies of the physical locality and weather conditions that might impact the site, as well as cultural studies and demographics which might influence the success of the proposed design.

The site sits due north of Manchester, South of the river Irwell. The site is surrounded from the south and west by housing but to the east a new site is to go under development to create a new large super market.The rings show walking distance in minutes. GAIA DWELLING was developed mostly through utilization of solar study, circulation study and bits from other analysis of the site attribution. ( Full site analysis attached in appendix )

Biospheric Foundation 2 Mins

5 Mins

10 Mins

bicycle LANES There are no official bike lanes situated on site. However, the site is highly permeable and easily accessible for cyclists coming from all directions, including from across the River Irwell.

JANUARY

7:00 AM

AUGUST

pedestrian ACCESS

bicycle LANES

The site is easily accessible on foot from all directions, including from across the River Irwell. It is within a walking distance from both Manchester City centre and Salford.

There are no official bike lanes situated on site. However, the site is highly permeable and easily accessible for cyclists coming from all directions, including from across the River Irwell.

7:00 AM SITE ANALYSIS - CIRCULATION ANALYSIS

BICYCLE LANES

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

12:00 PM

The site is easily accessible on foot from all directions, including from across the River Irwell. is within a walking from TheIt site perimeter hasdistance a sufficient both Manchester City centre Salford. number of parking spaces.andMost of them,

The site can be directly accessed by car from the West through Blackfriars Road and through Trinity Way (if coming from the other side of the River Irwell). E Philip Street runs adjacent to the North side of the site which will ease delivery access during construction works. The site is located close to main traffic links such as Blackfriars Road, Trinity Way and Great Ducie Street but lies in the mids of a residential area, thus having a much more quite and private character with lower vehicle traffic.

16:30 PM

18:00 PM

CIRCULATION

SOLAR STUDY

12:00 PM

pedestrian ACCESS parking SPACES

vehicle ACCESS

however, are on private territory. The site itself does not hold individual parking space although there is the possibility of parking cars directly outside the Biospheric Foundations building.

SITE ANALYSIS - CIRCULATION ANALYSIS

VEHICULAR ACCESS

PARKING SPACES

PASSIVHAUS FOR BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION

CONCEPT

Inner Courtyard - dwelling facing courtyard can take up more natural ventilation & light

paired COLLABORATION

CONSTRUCTION

Various diversity of concepts and designs were produced for initial foroverview a planted towards the project development. d flower meadow All of us required to pair up and produced idea for the biospheric housing project. Every scheme has different characteristics which of were taken forward in developing more efficient design.

CONCEPT

08

een roof

Passivhaus windows enveloped by

Accessibility & Entrance - North: connected to the Philip street - East: linking to the future supermarket.

untreated bamboo

nal cladding

BY + Nancy + Fatin Zolkeplay

06 CONCEPT

haus

Summer

07

Winter

08

tz architecture: passive house, bessancourt

FATIN & NANCY

Although the arrangements of the rooms as it is in this design is unfeasible, the clients were impressed by the stepped form of the building, and this feature was consequently taken forward to the final design.

Roof Terraces - oriented to the south - a series of roof terraces are created providing additional roof garden for residents. It can gain more sunlight into the dwellings.

CONCEPT

• precisio • panels a • Conduit • From ba

DESIGN INFL

We applied t shapes for e

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SUBBASEMENT PLAN [SCALE 1:100]

[SCALE 1:100]

SECOND FLOOR PLAN [SCALE 1:100]

THIRD FLOOR PLAN [SCALE 1:100]

DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAMS [1]

[2]

ROOF PLAN [SCALE 1:100]

DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAMS [3]

THE O

There are 4 different types of apartment which caters for different types of users. The affordable duplex unit and single unit are located on the ground and first floor. The luxorious duplex unit and single unit are located on the second and third floor. The difference between both the affordable and luxorious is the additional space and view or location.

[4]

The OKO Ho to very low/ ards set-out and have ov Homes’ and

MASTERPLAN [SCALE 1:100]

KEY ENERGY The total pri ry energy us utilize a max house will u

0-CARBON F Target CO2 e emissions d of timber co house.

SU

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

FAÇADE The houses does not exc

WINDOWS Windows (gl ‘Low-e’, trip

DE

MHRV Most of the

AFFORDABLE DUPLEX UNIT [DOUBLE BEDROOM, 4 PEOPLE] [9]

[10]

[11]

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

[12]

AFFORDABLE SINGLE UNIT [SINGLE BEDROOM, 2 PEOPLE]

[1]

PHASE DEVELOPMENT

[5]

LUXURIOUS DUPLEX UNIT [DOUBLE BEDROOM, 4 PEOPLE]

LUXURIOUS SINGLE UNIT [SINGLE BEDROOM, 2 PEOPLE]

‘BIO-P FAÇAD

t places, which also nd is recyclable.

A ‘Greenius with Siemen designed to space on the The project farm system in the near f

[9]

SEWA

WORM-BAS

The idea of pre-fabrication is so that it is easy to assemble and disassemble in different places, which also reduces time and materials needed. Moreover, the material of the building is easy to get and is recyclable.

All waste wa liquid fertilis most biologi out of the sy ing the soil.

The System odourless, a

GAIA DWELLINGS

ENSE ULATION NORTH ELEVATION, FACING E. PHILLIPS ROAD [SCALE 1:75]

TIFFANY & S.C

The placement of the residents’ courtyard was taken forward to the final design, because it is placed in an area that gets the least sunlight and would not benefit from placing a dwelling in.

LESS VEGETATION

The expression of achieving the concept in architectural terms is through juxtaposition of a 3-dimensional form that elevates the level of quality of interaction within the community. The spatial arrangement as well as the visual and physical connectivity will escalate the living environment quality and molding a ‘Well-Knit Community’.

LIVING CANOPY

SECTION & ECOLOGY DIAGRAM [SCALE 1:75]

ZLATINA & INDA

This Biogica and waste w ids, includin matter along

SMALL

DENSE POPULATION

The idea of design for disassembly was takenLANDforward as the ecology of the building itself resemble cycle of life. Implementation of good ecological system in a building can ensure it sustainability and efficiency while minimizing the cost and environmental impacts.

NOR

ALAN & RADZI

The core idea of this design proposal was to unit the community together with group activities such as tending to the roof top garden, as well as keep the energy used as low as possible, of which is actually illustrated as part of the building facade design.

The main criticisms for this design was that the sustainable features felt like too much of an add-on, as oppose to being an intergration of the building itself.

Also, the energy meter facade was deemed to be too Orwellian in nature.

DAYANG & CHU

The design provides various ideas on green strategies which so it were taken into account in developing sustainable design. E harvesting and low energy usage were emphasized in this desi

Sketch

und serthe un.

acoor

ome of Energy ign.

Programme - Unit Layout

STEVEN & SAI

The main basis for construction process are translated through the system of prefabricated modular unit where modular components such as CLT panels, steel components, and glulam are used in the construction as it is quicker, safer and cleaner hence allowing good a construction environment.

CHARLOTTE & IZZY

This project is clear in presenting Biospheric agenda in creating a selfsufficient society. Incorporation of programmes labeled as biospheric was implied into the building design hence creates a branding for the project.

paired WORKS

To create a viable design solution, all of passive and sustainable consideration combined with the client’s expectation are gathered and pointed out. Some basic and general passive design are to be the guideline for the scheme.

Main client’s needs and expectation also need to be the requirements indeveloping the design

Following a meeting with the client, Vincent Walsh and his lawyer Nikki, we established 6 key criteria which were desirable in the proposal.

1. Solar Capture. For the design to be dictated by the solar capture.

2. To have an ecology that runs throughout the building, to allow the residents to integrate and co-evolve with the environment.

3. An access route that runs through the site from the north side to the east side, toward the future developments.

4. To consider energy efficiency.

5. To incorporate a distinguishable feature, to brand it as ‘biospheric’.

6. The allow for future adaptability and flexibility.

DIAGRAM STUDIES

biospheric DETAIL CRITERIA

1. OVERLOOKING

4. MAXIMISING DAYLIGHTING

2. SUSTAINABLE CERTIFIED

5. UNITS NUMBER

3. ACCE

6. INTERIO

ESSIBILITY

CLIENT BRIEF

OR COMFORT

1. SOLAR CAPTURE

2. INTEGRATED ECOLOGY

3. DOUBLE ACCESS

5. DISTINGUISHABLE FEATURE

6. ADAPTABLE

£

4. LOW ENERGY BILLS

client critical ENGAGEMENT COMMUNICATION To begin with there was so much excitement for

Although Vincent Walsh, whom the building is designed for was very hard to get hold of most of the time, since he is a very busy researcher and entrepreuner, whenever we did get a chance to talk, we were able to focus on the goals of Biospheric Foundation, and also his property development company, Microcosm, and what they wanted to achieve with this residential building (e.g. how many rooms, who lives there, financial feasibility, etc) We then used those information to inform our design.

this project. We expect a strong collaboration from our collaborator, but after our second meeting, there was a more laissez faire attitude to work in this project. Some had to do with our collaborator’s hectic schedule and the rest are on our attitude. However, this is a normal process in any work group and can be explained in the next paragraph.

If we refer to the theory, each member of the team would choose what was their greatest strength and interest, though in practice this meant that a number of people attempted the same task and work was uncoordinated. Whilst this sometimes produced good results, the team worked best when one person took the lead with others supporting.

5/20/2014

One of the major issues was communication and from that co-ordination. Despite using the appropriate methods of communication through Facebook and mobile, some members would respond very slowly if not at all.

Through the course of the projects the team developed from an unstructured group to one that begun to understand the knowledge, strengths and weaknesses of each team member. Maybe this explain why the big team has been divided into two sub-teams which proved better able to manage the workload, with some focusing on the housing research and others on housing design whilst consulting with each other at various ‘checkpoints’ in the design.

RE: MSA - CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT

RE: MSA CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT Mon 4/7/2014 12:14 AM To:VINCENT WALSH <vinny001@me.com>;

5/20/2014

RE: MSA - CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT

East Philip Street M3 7LE PhD Research Student Socio‐Ecological Research Practice MIRIAD. MSA. EGS. MMU. biosphericfoundation.com

​Hi Vinny That is a shame, Most of us are going on our easter break now, however a couple of us are about to show you our work on Monday?

What time and where would suit you best?

Kind Regards

On 1 Apr 2014, at 14:17, CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT <CHARLOTTE.F.GARRETT@stu.mmu.a

Charlotte From: VINCENT WALSH <vinny001@me.com> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2014 9:32 AM To: CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT Subject: Re: MSA

morning,

Really sorry, urgent meeting has come up, will have to cancel. Can we set another date?

​Hi Vinny Thats brilliant, look forward to seeing you.

Kind Regards Charlotte

Vincent Walsh Chief Executive

From: VINCENT WALSH <vinny001@me.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2014 2:04 PM To: CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT Subject: Re: MSA

Biospheric Foundation CIC Register CIC 07860304 Upper Floor Irwell House

Vincent Walsh

on my dinner, 12 ‐ 1 in your studio..

https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMzNTkwOTUxLTRhMjYtNGEyMi1hMDQzLTBlNmE4YWRjMzVmNwBGAAAAAACcNbO90ZfkSqdwukB3wZHhBwBzAZDWiFS%2BQb… https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMzNTkwOTUxLTRhMjYtNGEyMi1hMDQzLTBlNmE4YWR 1/5

T

Vincent Walsh, Director of Biospheric Foundation

5/20/2014

RE: MSA - CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT

Chief Executive Biospheric Foundation CIC Register CIC 07860304 Upper Floor Irwell House East Philip Street M3 7LE PhD Research Student Socio‐Ecological Research Practice MIRIAD. MSA. EGS. MMU. biosphericfoundation.com

5/20/2014

RE: MSA - CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT

can do friday at MSA? Vincent Walsh Chief Executive Biospheric Foundation CIC Register CIC 07860304 Upper Floor Irwell House East Philip Street M3 7LE PhD Research Student Socio‐Ecological Research Practice MIRIAD. MSA. EGS. MMU. biosphericfoundation.com

ac.uk> wrote:

On 1 Apr 2014, at 13:12, CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT <CHARLOTTE.F.GARRETT@stu.mmu.ac.uk> wrote: On 1 Apr 2014, at 13:05, CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT <CHARLOTTE.F.GARRETT@stu.mmu.ac.uk> wrote: ​Hi Vinny Brilliant sounds perfect. When is a good time for you on Friday? We can be available anytime.

Hi Vinny

Charlotte

Can we organise a meeting this week to show you our work on the project. It would be ideal to meet you on Friday, but I understand you have other commitments. When will be a good time for you?

From: VINCENT WALSH <vinny001@me.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2014 1:11 PM To: CHARLOTTE FRANCES GARRETT Subject: Re: MSA

Kind Regards Charlotte​​

https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMzNTkwOTUxLTRhMjYtNGEyMi1hMDQzLTBlNmE4YWRjMzVmNwBGAAAAAACcNbO90ZfkSqdwukB3wZHhBwBzAZDWiFS%2BQb… RjMzVmNwBGAAAAAACcNbO90ZfkSqdwukB3wZHhBwBzAZDWiFS%2BQb… https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMzNTkwOTUxLTRhMjYtNGEyMi1hMDQzLTBlNmE4YWRjMzVmNwBGAAAAAACcNbO90ZfkSqdwukB3wZHhBwBzAZDWiFS%2BQb… 2/5 3/5

4/5

group COMMUNICATION & ENGAGEMENT Communication and Decision Making Systems for communication and sharing information were established at the start of the project, through Facebook, Dropbox and Google drive. With group work it is important to make a unified decision on work and changes in the design to ensure everyone is happy and any issues with the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ideaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; are raised.

When work was to be allocated, or certain design decisions stated, there was often an issue where a lot of time was spent waiting for responses or for the choice of work an individual would take on.

Occasionally, out of necessity, quick decisions were made without continually waiting for group approval.

Team Structure Different stages in the development of the project required a different team structure. The initial creative phase required a high degree of autonomy while the more technical and tactical phase required a more rigid structure.

Team Overview There have been a number of issues raised throughout this period of the group work, all of which are to expected. Issues of communication and prompt group meeting attendance have certainly added to the complexities of the projects. However, through all the chaos, we have produced some very robust projects. Fortify had always proved to be a challenge in making it a reality through its structure and design. The group has been able to explore and test a number Bibliography Belbin, R Meredith,Team Roles at Work, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010.

Healy, Patrick L., Project Management, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007.

Janis, Irving L., Group Think, Houghton Mifflin, 1982.

Maylor, Harvey, Project Management, Pearson Education, 2010.

work TIMELINE

main ISSUE

After researching and analysing the site and clients’ requirements, we’ve found a triangulation of the issue, as it is a whole full cycle of the major criteria. Due to the fact that the site is situated in a developing area, architectural structures dominates the land, hence creating less vegetation in the area.

Given a piece of land to accommodate and cultivate the green, various concern and consideration are needed to make it happen. Within the increasing population in the site, the needs of comfortable residential and living spaces become urgent. In creating a feasible design that can contain the vegetation along the growing society in the small land, the lifecycle concept was implemented to the design.

‘‘ There is no better designer than NATURE ” - Vincent 2014 LESS VEGETATION

caused by small land, creating lesser vegetation

?

caused by dense population, creating smaller land

caused by less vegetation, creating denser population

DENSE POPULATION

SMALL LAND

GAIA DWELLINGS

lifecycle CONCEPT

By taking all those elements into consideration, it seems that sustainability seems to be the best solution which fits the context of the issue for the Biospheric Foundation. However, while looking through the possible ways of developing the site and idea, a question emerged with factors that stimulate the reurbanisation of the area. “What if we didn’t have to adapt our lifestyle to sustainability, but adjusted our sustainable designs to the way we want to live?”

It is from this question that arise the main statement of my design came about. For this question is further refined by this statement, “ECOLOGICAL initiatives will only prosper in the real world if they work as a viable economic model.” In order to achieve this goal, I have subdivided my strategies into 6. From those strategies, I will develop my ideas and refine them alongside reinvestigating the issues and systems to enhance and make a solid statement of my concept.

1. SITE this is the geographical setting whose boundaries and context outlast ephemeral buildings

4. GROW 3. NOURISH

the branches extend

let the roots grow

5. STRENGTHEN the bark reforms

2. SOW

6. BREATHE

plant the seeds

the leaves take shape

1. RESTORE restoring the land

‘‘ Lifecycle of a Tree ”

+

*Diagram of Frequen

7. THE TREE full growth of the plant

4. SERVICES the working guts of a building, which wear out every 7 - 15 years.

2. STRUCTURE these are the building with structural life ranging from 30 - 300 years

3. SKIN

2. SOW

exterior surface which changes every 20 years or so

=

programmes

3. NOURISH water strategy

1. RESTORE massing + urban strategy

4. GROW

7. THE TREE

food strategy

future development

ncy of Change Within a Building (Steward Brand 1994)

5. SPACE-PLAN

6. STUFFS

6. BREATHE

5. STRENGTHEN

the interior layou which changes every 3 years or so

all things that twitch around daily to monthly

facade + materiality

structurility

biomass

overlooking

urban strategy

robust accessibility

aquaponics elevated terrace

water strategy

solar capture modularity

grey water recycling rainwater harvesting

hydroponic urban farming

self sufficiency

living green wall

Cradle to Cradle

d self ma

programmes waste management

flexibility

courtyard

agriculture

prefabr

development WORKFLOW disability zero carbon efficiency food strategy

rication

durability aintained

future development structurility

insulation

gaia dwellings

carbon bank materiality + facade

Analysing our biospheric research of the site condition, brief and clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s preference, we realised that a system is needed before engaging into the design development and it is by a series of steps. With this in mind we looked into our ideas, perceptions and predictions of the future and came up with 6 main outlines for the project: 1. it will be responsive to the external environment and development; 2. with the ability to transform itslef to suit the individuality of its occupants; 3. user-friendly and simple to operate; 4. a community based development based on self-sufficiency; 5. a zero carbon strategy and 6. a flexible and low maintainance strategy.

design PROCESS

visual privacy urban strategy

structurility

materiality + facade

water strategy

recyclability

humble materials rainwater collection reuse MHRV adaptability

programmes

occupantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s comfort open planning

food strategy

economy

building enclosure

site structure skin

design considerations

availability

services

space plan

For the development of our housing concept we focused on five key points on which to research based on Steward Brandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ideology of Layers of Change : site, structure. skin, services and space plan. We researched and analysed each of them arriving at the conclusion that the home of the future should improve the visual privacy, recyclability, humble materials, rainwater collection, reuse, adaptability, occupantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s comfort, open planning and economy. This led to the concept of the lifecycle of a building

early IDEAS

After reviewing all of the proposed design, we brought some of the strategies into our design. the most prominent ideas was used as a basis with complementation of other ideas.

Some of the few strategies that were brought into and developed were; maximisation of solar energy, having a common community space for the occupants, sustainable construction methods whereby looking into dry construction system, and implementing biospheric ecology into the whole of the building system.

At first we looked into the macro scale of the site and the accessibility of the site location.

The planning started where the point of entrance is situated at a place whereby there is a sense of privacy and comfort.

The journey starts from a small confined space; acting as a lobby; and ends up at a huge open space, which in this case is the open courtyard. It is as a transitional space from the public to the semi-private area.

The residential unit is insured by 2 layers of security, which is at the entrance gate and another at the core stairs entrance.

This allows the layers of space privacy to be controlled, from a public to semi-private and lastly to the private space, encompassing of the units.

The massing replicates one of the favoured ideas from the reviews with enhancement to improve the building system and workability.

massing : RESTORE

Realization of the project was initialized through the site adaptation and biospheric requirements.

Conceptual massing and urban strategy were implemented into the site to give shape for the form. Development of the form also was influenced by the biospheric distinguishedprogram. The commercial and bigscale program of the biospheric foundation such as hydroponics was translated to suit the residential function of the building.

01

SITE

02

OVERLOOKING

03

MAXIMUM UNITS

04

COURTYARD

05

ACCESSIBILITY

06

SOLAR CAPTURE

07

MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROOF

08

DOUBLE OPENINGS

GROW

programme : STRATEGY ‘‘ rainwater is

collected and filtered to provide the necessary nutrients for the germniation of the seeds ”

‘‘ the seeds are germinated, with nutrients provided by the worm compost and water harvesting ”

FILTER

HARVEST RECYCLE

‘‘ a closed loop-system ”

FOOD

‘‘ the waste from crops are composed in the worms sewerage system producing fertilisers ”

‘‘ the full grown seeds are transferred, and harvested as food source for the community ”

WASTE

HUMAN

‘‘ Green Lifecycle ”

The system of the building was intended to imitate the lifecycle of a tree, starting to grow in land and end back in land. Recycle and reuse concept are widely use in achieving zero-carbon environment.

SECOND LEVEL

design DEVELOPMENT OPTION 1

PHASE I

The first idea was to maximize the number of units in this project. It can be explained through the plans where the plans was designed identical to the layout of the site. As a result, it managed to produce 15 units of housing.

BASEMENT

GROUND LEVEL

FIRST LEVEL

OPTION 3

OPTION 2

We also proposed to make a courtyard at the centre of the development so that we can have all units receiving good amount of sunlight. However, this idea was revised because it didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t provide a good living space for the residents.

THIRD LEVEL

SECTION A

SECTION B

SECTION C

SECTION A

SECTION B

SECTION C

SECTION D

water : NOURISH

‘‘ Rainwater Cycle of Reuse ” RAINWATER HARVESTING

Water strategy involves reusing greywater and rainwater harvesting as another source of water for domestic and agricultural use.

AGRICULTURE ‘‘ rainwater is used for watering the crops and seeds ”

Enclosed and cemented catchment area

A water filter is used to make the water usable for daily activities. An RO filter is used to make it portable

rainwater storage

‘‘ rainwater is filtered and reused for flushing of toilets. ”

‘‘ Rainwater Filtration ”

TOILET USAGE

sand filter

WATER TANK

pump

main concrete tank

‘‘ Rainwater Harvesting System ”

tank Water after a certain level in the main tank is allowed to flow freely into soil, through a filter and valve combination to make sure that the soil does not enter water n the main tank.

food : GROW Food strategy was basically the biospheric’s feature of the building; Encouraging occupants to grow their own food and recycle their food waste to be use back for agriculture as fertilizers.

‘‘ We took a space

HARVEST

GROW

that was already a productive green roof, and we said, ‘Why not take that one step further and grow vegetables on it? ”

‘‘ Living Green Wall ” INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF WIND TURBINES FOOD GROWTH STADIUM

WATER CULATION SYSTEM

HYDROPONICS INTERACTIVE INTERIOR SURFACES BIO WALL INTEGRATED WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM

MOVABLE WALLS RESPONSIVE FLOORING SYSTEM WATER BASEMENT FOUNDATIONS

HOLDING TANK http://allthingabout.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/future-living-house-design-concept.html

CABBAGE

TOMATOES

CARROTS

‘‘ Vegetation System ”

design DEVELOPMENT PHASE II

Since the focus is for a liveable space, the design is now having a different terrace so that each unit will have access to terrace garden and most importantly the sunlight. The number of units is different according to the various options offered. It ranges from 1015 units.

The number of 1 bedroom apartment is more than a 2 bedroom apartment and studio.

This due to the input given by our client that 1 bedroom apartment is more appealing for the potential tenants. At this stage also various sustainable features have been put forward for client, namely water harvesting, solar panel and green wall.

GROUND LEVEL

BASEMENT

FIRST LEVEL

SECOND LEVEL

SECTION A

THIRD LEVEL

SECTION B

SECTION C

PROPOSED INTERIOR IMAGES

SECTION D

‘‘ Prefabrication Method ”

structurility : STRENGHTEN In striving towards zero-waste environment, choice of material and construction method also played a vital role. Structurality of the building needs to be durable so that it can be a long-lasting and low maintenance building.

‘‘ Take prefabricated panels, add a dose of ingenuity, and a desire for an extremely green home ” LOW COST ‘‘ The parts are standardised and made off site in a controlled environment. ”

COLUMN - TO - COLUMN CONNECTION

AERATED CONCRETE PLANK

FIXING BRACKETS

FAST ‘‘ The construction speed is quicker, because the parts are standardised. ” GREEN ‘‘ pre-fab parts being made off site in a controlled environment, a lot of construction waste is reduced ” GLULAM BEAM

‘‘ Detailed Connections ” INTERNAL WALL TIMBER PANELS

PRIMARY BEAM GLULAM

PRIMARY COLUMN GLULAM

SECONDARY BEAM GLULAM

GLULAM POST + BEAMS

AIRCRETE FLOOR SLAB

TRANSFER COLUMN GLULAM

‘‘ Construction Components ”

FLOOR DECKS AERATED CONCRETE PLANKS

EXTERNAL WALL STRAW BALE PANELS

STONE SLATES CLADDING

WASTE

RECYCLE TIMBER PANELS

RESTORE

SLATE STONE

UNTREATED BAMBOO SHUTTER

UNTREATED BAMBOO

TRIPLE GLAZING WINDOW

materiality : BREATHE Materiality chosen is responsive to the climate as it need to has low carbon emission. Facade system also helps in maintaining low energy consumption of the building.

AIRCRETE FLOOR PLANKS GLULAM BEAM

‘‘ Shutter Wall Connection ” 2nd FLOOR BEAMS GLULAM

EXTENDED CLADDING TIMBER PANELS

EXTERIOR CLADDING ST0NE SLATES

EXTENDED CLADDING TIMBER PANELS

TRIPLE GLAZE GLASS

STRAWBALE WALL

‘‘ Facade Intrications ”

EXTERIOR CLADDING STONE SLATES

N

final DEVELOPMENT

After discussed and reviewed by tutors and the client, we have decided to choose option no 4 where the number of units is low (12 units to be exact) thus giving a bigger space for residents. However the exterior of the house needs to be changed to give the look more modern and sustainable.

At this stage, materials for the construction have been proposed. Glulam and straw bale wall are the main component in this house. The green wall will be put at the back of the house to represent what Biospheric are doing which is to produce food at home. This of course, will make the building is the living branding of Biospheric.

N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

SUB-BASEMENT PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

N

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

THIRD FLOOR PLAN

front elevation FACING EAST PHILLIPS STREET

section A LATITUDINAL A

section B LATITUDINAL

B

section C LATITUDINAL

C

section D LATITUDINAL

D

PV solar panels

rainwater harvesting

glulam post & beam

straw bale wall

MHRV domestic

electricity

urban farming

living green wall

heating & cooling

locally grown food

local sewage system

SEPTIC TANK

CHP national grid

CHP unit

worm + natural compost

worm based septic tank

worm + natural compost

rainwater tank

sectional ECOLOGICAL DIAGRAM

INTERNAL WALL CLT PANELS

EXTERNAL WALL STRAW BALE PANELS

PRIMARY BEAM GLULAM

PRIMARY COLUMN

SECONDARY BEAM

GLULAM

GLULAM

TRIPLE GLAZING WINDOW GLASS EXTERIOR CLADDING

EXTENDED CLADDING

STONE SLATES

TIMBER PANELS

TRANSFER COLUMN GLULAM

FLOOR DECKS AERATED CONCRETE PLANKS

technical CONSTRUCTION

G A I A D W E L L I” N G S

‘‘ There is no better designer than NATURE

- Vincent 2014

VIEW OF THE ROOF GARDEN

VIEW OF THE COURTYARD

exterior RENDERS

interior RENDERS

collaboration BOARD

future DEVELOPMENT

The development is the result of a partnership between BDP architect, Biospheric foundation and Urban Splash Manchester. The aim of the project has been to stimulate the development a low carbon built environment in that area and also to kick-start a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;greenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; economy in the country. The Biospheric Passive house project is a unique development of 12 affordable and sustainable houses located on the site of the East Phillips St, Manchester. To complement this project, there are two parcels of lands that will be developed near to Biospheric house.

On the right side of the house is the proposed Asda Supermarket where a large of visitor is expected to come. There is also a SOHO project that will be undertaken at the front of the BIospheric house.

To ensure the low carbon footprint, a pedestrian will be designated at the current roadway. Each of the developments will be constructed from a range of locally sourced materials that demonstrate high sustainability credentials.

personal SUMMARY

For this project we were required to collaborate with the Biospheric Foundation and Urban Splash. Our tasks were to divide from a large group of eight, to a smaller group of four and to revise the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;developmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; from the paired projects of the human habitat at a practical level.

It was a different experience working with a real client as we have to deal not only on a real site but the project should be sellable and user friendly. We have to acquire the skills of marketing and to think in the shoes of a developer, the client, the respondents and also as an architect. Communication skills are a necessity in this project, as we have to be smart in delegating works and presenting proposals to the clients and also to the banks. As the combination of the collaborators are the total opposite, Biospheric Foundations are more concerned with the ecology of the project whilst the Urban Splash is more into the value of the spaces and how could they sell it to the bank.

GAIA DWE

ELLINGS

We had to present 2 different proposals for the project, which consisted of my team and Charlotteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. In my group dynamics, we have to divide the workload according to the timeframe, as there were a few disruptions unintentional or not. Saidatul and I had to act as both the buffers and mediators between the sudden outbursts of emotions and misunderstandings due to lack of interest in the project and laziness. Therefore, it was up to us to take charge of the project and to reel them into a productive direction. We managed to come up with an appealing concept for all members, divided the workload between ourselves and told everybody what needed to be done.

The challenge was that we had to keep up with the other group, as during the first few weeks before Easter, there were only 2 members in our team for Radzi had to leave to Malaysia due to an emergency meeting whilst Alan went missing in the first week and had to leave to Cyprus for the next two weeks.

[ Event Analogies | MSA ] Summer 2014

EVENT 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

Bad Fashion is Temporary, Good Fashion is Transformable

introduction of

CONTENTS

For the past seven years MSA have ran a successful events programme with the key agenda of connecting students from Year 01 and 02 Architecture and Landscape wth MArch students through projects which engage public space in the city. This year the events will be focused on the idea of ‘collaboration and the city’ and will be collectively named ‘ANALOGIES’.

As in this portfolio, we were required to include the analysisation of the event and the development of planning strategies taken for this event.

brief ANALOGIES

For the past seven years MSA have ran a successful events programme with the key agenda of connecting students from Year 01 and 02 Architecture and Landscape wth MArch students through projects which engage public space in the city. This year the events will be focused on the idea of ‘collaboration and the city’ and will be collectively named ‘ANALOGIES’. The programme will take place from Wednesday 30th April until Friday 16th May 2014 and will be created and delivered by groups of 3 or 4 students in the MArch. The programme will be a celebration of architecture and will show through a series of installations, workshops, and exhibitions how space is negotiated and developed in the city. Each event has been formulated with four key elements, agenda, collaborator, production and mastrcraft. In short, each project brief has bee written to have a current agenda to be developed alongside an external collaborator which has an output which is manifest in the city.

contacting speaker meeting + setting up date

DAYANG

locating potentials

talks sponsorship

locating potentials

contacting collaborator

contacting sponsor

collaborator

meeting + setting up date

locating potentials

event planning

documentation planning + risk assesment

EVEN “wea shel

events analogies form timetable session images for exhibition publication

analogies documents

eve execu

attendance sheet

feedback

CHU

tutorials + discussions

talk tutor

visit to Grumpy

draft proposal

colloborator

group WORK

case studies

design + illustration

proposal poster

final draft proposal

review

event proposal presentation to the undergrads

NT 19 arable lter”

presentation dummies

ent ution

exhibition

poster

ks + rials

talk by Dr. Annie

briefing

garments + boards finding exhibition space

setting up space

booklet

mokeup ‘wearable shelter’

INDA

Our team consisted of three people, who are Inda, Dayang and Chu. Judging by our individual strengths, knowledge of the other members’ working techniques and understanding each other, we divided the task as accordingly but we would still delagate tasks that require immediate attention at the moment. We decided that given our time frame we would be most productive and well-synchronized by having a person in charge of a specific task and the rest would aid her for production.

Thus, Dayang and Chu were in charge of the collaborators, sponsors and speakers, whereas Inda would handle the documentation, production and handling of the participants.

However, all will be involved in coordinating and edditing the work into a coherant presentation.

Suppliers

During our first meeting we gathered as individuals with similar interest which is the possibility of juxtapositioning both fashion and architecture as two field potentially affecting each other.

We started off looking at the possibility of exploring the “cross-contamination” of both fashion and architecture. At this moment we weren’t sure whether the balance of both discipline should be kept behind the concept of the event or should one discipline be given more prominent than the other.

With this concept as a starting point we came out with a brief that calls for transformable garments.

As part of qed agenda, initial idea is to employ “cradle-to-cradle” approach that make use of recycled materials.

With the emphasis given on the theme “transformable garment, we created a brief that allow this notion to be explored.

The feedback emphasized on the fact that we did not have any real collborator, hence the brief was not produced based on existing networks. The advice given to us was to approach potential collaborators and design the brief according to what these collaborators are capable of providing.

As seen on the poster, this one side of the output being “transformable garment” was given a highlight instead of “wearable shelter” suggesting that more weight is put on fashion compared to architecture.

Feedback

Initial Poster

At this point we have not got hold of any potential sponsors and the idea is a little unrealistic without potential collaborators.

As we are focusing on wearable “skins” we were also told to find a concept that would drive the programme, such as designing shelter for the homeless.

We were also given reading materials that would give us idea on what we are trying to focus on and at the same time trying to look for potential collaborators.

Second Event Proposal

After receiving the feedback for our initial event proposal, we realised it was heavier on fashion rather than architecture.

We would like to explore this cross-disciplines in the perspective of an architecture students, looking at spatial quality of wearable skins.

In the end we decided that we would still keep the concept of “transformable garment” (fashion) and “wearable shelter” (architecture) but this time the emphasis is given more on architecture as this would be more relavant to the participants which are architecture students.

We invited Dr. Annie as our guest speaker that would deliver a talk related to “Wearable garment” and received a positive response of further discussion on the matter.

The meeting main agenda was to appoint a convinientdate and time for both parties. We also discussed what are the possible planning that would deliver our event agenda well. She suggested a few collaborators that we could possibly approach in terms of material sponsoring.

Dr Annie Shaw Director of Studies, Design MIRIAD Design Research Centre Leader Annie Joined MMU in 1991, following a career based in London and the Far East, designing and putting into production menswear and knitwear brands, which were manufactured globally. She is Director of Studies for the Deparment of Design and facilitates links between staff and post-graduate research with taught programmes.

She delivers specialist teaching input in knit, menswear and future-scoping to undergraduate and post-graduate students.

Recent research interests have moved towards enquiry into the concept of ‘SEAMLESSNESS’ broadly within design practice. Annie is fascinted by the spaces we inhabit: garments, rooms, buildings and cities and exploring them through materiality.

An Interdisciplinary strategy seeks to expose the potential for the development of new design ideas, systems, products and applications linking materiality and form in diverse design specialisms such as architecture, fashion, interior and product design.

Potential Collaborators

Collaborator 1 : Dr. Annie Shaw

She is keen to encourage students to embrace creative and challenging approaches to their work, to explore design through materiality, from issue-based perspectives and to instil confidence and independence in an individual’s vision.

Upon completing the proposal, we tried to establish a connection with an experienced figure from fashion department, hence we got in touch with Dr. Annie Shaw in which her field of interest corresponds to our proposal.

One of the most popular applications of Tyvek® is in the construction industry. Invented and manufactured exclusively by DuPont, Tyvek® is a unique and versatile material that is tough, yet extremely light and soft. It is permeable to both air and water vapour, yet repels water-based liquids and aerosols. It acts as an excellent barrier against fine particles and fibres. It is ultra-low-linting and also antistatically treated.

Making Waste Things ... Play Things!

The Waste Warehouse is Grumpy’s principal charitable service. Hundreds of thousands of children and young people throughout the UK enjoy countless hours of creative fun and learning through the application of waste materials acquired from Grumpy.

Abakhan owns a few retail shops across the UK even in Manchester.

Their shops vast stock of craft, fabric, cheap fabric, knitting, sewing and haberdashery accessories. With craft and fabric stores all over the UK nobody is better placed to offer you expert advice and to source the very best products possible for your own projects.

Fred Aldous, Ltd Lever St, Manchester

Abakhan, Oldham Street, Manchester

As for Abakhan, after visiting the shop and phoning the head office, we did not receive a positive response, thus eliminating them as potential sponsor.

Grumpy had also responded to our emails and agreed to become our main sponsor for the event.

Appointment for a meeting with a convenient date and time is agreed between both parties.

Final Poster

Fred Aldous is an shop in Manchester city centre that stock on a wide range of materials ranging from art, craft, book, model and a lot more.

Being a massive artstore in Manchester, in the past it has a history of collaborating with students in supplying materials for events organised by the school,

Approaching Collaborators

Potential Collaborators

Whaleys Bradford offer a wide range of over 450 fabrics, which include natural (loomstate) cottons, silks, linens, jutes and wools, many of which are specially prepared for dyeing and/or printing. They also stock a large selection of coloured Silesia cottons, mixed fibres, synthetics and even speciality fabrics manufactured from bamboo, banana, pineapple or soyabean fibres.

As some potential collaborators did not respond to our emails, we decided to take a more aggressive action by visiting the shops. We visited abakhan and Fred Aldous to present our proposal and in the case of Fred Aldous, we successfully formed a collaboration with the shop.

Grumpy had also responded to our emails and agreed to become our main sponsor for the event.

Appointment for a meeting with a convenient date and time is agreed between both parties.

This 60s presentation that place in front of all year 1 and year 2 students of Manchester School of Architecture and Landscape architecture.

An examplar of a wearable shelter is produced prior to the presentation and demonstrated during the 60s allocated for us to present and “sell” our event.

Event Session Planning

As for Abakhan, after visiting the shop and phoning the head office, we did not receive a positive response, thus eliminating them as potential sponsor.

EVENT PLANNING (30th Apr 2014 – 16th May 2014) EVENT TITLE: WEARABLE SHELTER (EVENT 19) COORDINATORS: DAYANG MAAMON, TENGKU INDA SYAZWI, CHU TAN

60s Presentation

As some potential collaborators did not respond to our emails, we decided to take a more aggressive action by visiting the shops. We visited abakhan and Fred Aldous to present our proposal and in the case of Fred Aldous, we successfully formed a collaboration with the shop.

Sun 27th Apr

Mon 28th Apr

Tue 29th Apr

4th May

5th May Bank Holiday

11th May

12th May

6th May 10-2pm Site visit (GrumpyHead Office) & Tutorial

13th May Product testing, public engagement ('street' exhibition) Venue : Market Street Afternoon : Preparing for exhibition at Brazennose House

Wed 30th Apr 10-12pm Event briefing, Q&A session

Thu Fri 1st May 2nd May 10-1pm Talk by Dr Annie Shaw, discussion and Q&A session 8th May 9th May 10-1pm Tutorial to confirm design ideas

Sat 3rd May

14th May 11-6pm Exhibition at Brazennose House (Grumpy in the City)- Product testing, public engagement

15th May 11-6pm Exhibition at Brazennose House (Grumpy in the City) -Product testing, public engagement

17th May

7th May

16th May 11-6pm Exhibition at Brazennose House (Grumpy in the City) -Product testing, public engagement

10th May

Before meeting Grumpy, we decided that we should come up with sessions planning so that the collaborators are well informed of the tentative of the event and they could possible be involved in some of the sessions planned.

The reason for this is also to give a good impression, so that it appear as well organised and to demonstrate that we have given some thoughts on the feasibility of the event.

In terms of what Grumpy is doing, reusing recycled materials, fits well in the context of our â&#x20AC;&#x153;cradle - to - cradleâ&#x20AC;? approach that is one of the main agendas of the event.

We proposed a visit to Grumpy with all of the event participants giving an opportunity to them to select their materials and to get to know the idea behind Grumpy.

Grumpy agreed to appoint a representative that would brief the students about Grumpy backgound, and

they would also provide a space for participants to experiment with materials that they will be using in the making of th ewearable shelter.

Grumpy had also generously agreed to provide us with a student discount for all the materials in the scrap store.

In addition to all these, Grumpy offered to provide us an exhibition space located at Brazennnose House (near Albert Square) to showcase all the wearable shelters produced by participants.

In this meeting we agreed on suitable dates for all the sessions planned including the exhibition dates.

Risk Assessment

Collaborator 2 : Grumpy

A meeting with Grumpy allows us to get a bigger picture of what Grumpy could possibly provide in terms of supplying materials for the event. We had a look at a vast selection of recycled materials donated by members of Grumpy and some of them are waste acquired from the industry.

From the leaflet the little images used are examples taken from a few wearable shelter/transformable garment project. In the end you will see that we replaced all the images with the images of the products that the students produced during the last week of the event.

These little images demonstrate this transformable quality of each of the product produced creating interesting sequence that visitors/audience can witness for themselves during the exhibition.

Communication Tool

The risk assessment process is about identifying and taking sensible and proportionate measures to control the risks. Besides guiding in terms of listing all the steps that will be taken to control the risks, the assessment process help in deciding whether there should be more done. Different elements of risk may be considered when producing assessment.

A leaflet for the exhibition is produced to invite people to join the event. A leaflet is essential in selling our event agenda to the public.

Leaflet for the Exhibition

As part of the requirements we need to provide risk assessment for the whole event.

Throughout the planning of the event we find it is easier to communicate using facebook group so we created one. It became a medium of communication where we posted stuffs related to the event, and even having online discussion and sharing of ideas.

Year 1 MSA student

Dr Annie Shaw gave an inspiring talk on wearable shelter.

Dr Annie also brought some reference books for the participants.

Year 2 MSA student We have also created a Facebook group as a communication tool between the participants and the coordinators.

A visit to Grumpy

A Talk by Dr Annie

Briefing

It is the first meeting with the participants. They are paired up in six groups after a short self-introducing session. Each group consists of one Year 2 student and one Year 1 student, except for one group with two Year 1 student. We then went through the event brief and planning with them.

Session ended with idea discussion with Dr Annie. Useful advises were given.

Reflection: Technical problem occurred during the execution of the event session. The talk was delayed for half an hour and technician was called to solve the problem. Preparation and setting up before the session should be done earlier.

Met with the participants at Shudehill Bus Station and headed to Grumpy Salford together.

Allan (r of Grum of Gr While looking around in Grumpy, participants were materia considering the possibilities of scrap materials to be used soc in their designs.

Participants to produce mock-up model

representative of Grumpy) gave a brief introduction mpy to the participants. He talked about the history rumpy and how it works from collection of scrap als to craft-making workshops. Contributions to the ciety and environment were mentioned proudly.

After looking at scrap materials in Grumpy, participants started to produce mock-up models to test the materials.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude for Grumpy for kindly offering us a studio space with tools and tea provided.

Dummies for exhibition

A visit to exhibition space

Tutorial and Garment making

The designs were freezed after having short discussions with each group in the event.

Participants then started the making of their garment/shelter. We invited a graduate student from Fashion department Keat Yaw Low to give advice on joining techniques and stitching skills.

Grumpy as the main collaborator has agreed to have the event outputs exhibited at the Grumpy store in city centre (near Manchester town hall). We the coordinators visited the store to get the picture of the exhibition space and flow of visitors.

Most of the participants wished to on tailor’s dummies or mannequin MMU’s fashion department staff and Hollings Faculty respectively have refused to loan out mannequ school’s policy. This left us with t from Grumpy that they have in display their prod

Thus some of the participants h designs in alternative ways, suc (e.g. tent). Yet not all of the garme as detached shelter. Learning tha shop that sells mannequins to se ones or broken ones for use in the us some of the affordable ones, information to the par

We went to Manchester Grumpy store and met Lydia (Grumpy) to discuss about allocation of the event outputs during the exhibition. After discussion, she offered us decent and sufficient spaces in the shop to display the presentation boards and garments/shelters.

Final poster (for exhibition)

have to display their ch as in shelter form ents can be displayed at, we also went to a ee if they have spare e event. They showed , and we passed the rticipants.

Appointment with Lydia (Grumpy) - Exhibition space

o exhibit their designs ns. We then talked to fs in Benzie Building y. Unfortunately, they uins/dummies due to two half-body figures the Salford store to ducts.

Participants were required to photograph and document their design outputs nicely. Each group were then asked to send six images of their garment-shelter transformation series to us to produce a poster for the exhibition.

Setting up exhibition

For publication, each event was required to produce eight A5 pages. We wanted to include the amazing outputs by the participants, so we created a simple layout for them to fill in.

Exhibition was carried out for three days in the city centre of Manchester.

It is successfully brought to the public marking the effort and dedications of the participants to the event and their designs.

Booklet Layout

Exhibition

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

YOUR GARMENT NAME V I A N N O (INSERT FULL NAME WITH SPACE) J O A N N A INSERT FULL NAME WITH SPACE) This project defines a generative infrastructure for people. Ga. Unte etumqui aliquas rat volorum faccaborem volores ex et excea sime doluptatum Pa ditas undestist posaperum aut voluptatur sit quam fugiatios si te nem. Busdam quae natur te etumqui aliquas rat volorum faccaborem volores ex et excea sime doluptatum Pa ditas undestist posaperum aut voluptatur sit quam fugiatios si te nem. Busdam quae naturte e excea sime doluptatum Ps undestist posaperum aut voluptatur sit quam fugiatios si te nem. Busdam quae natur.

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

Public Engagement

Blogging

Feedback by coordinators & participants

Final booklet (for publication)

Participants are required to blog throughout the event. They are again reminded of that.

Coming to the end of the event, coordinators and participants have filled in feedback forms.

For coordinators, the feedback from the participants is valuable; we got to learn our strength and weaknesses in organising, and thus we can improve.

Event successfully ended with public engagement both during and after exhibition. Participants as the authors of their designs explained to the visitors and public their concepts, their responses were then documented.

COCOON SKIRT.

BUBBLERY TENT.

ABBEY COSTELLO MAHEEN MANSOOR

PEIYIN LOI ZI Y I Y A N G

The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Cocoon skirtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; design came from looking at boned garments in fashion and a butterflies natural protection.

We wanted to create a garment/shelter that would convey the notion of comfort. We want to be soft, protect this person and hug with our body. By doing this, the person could feel the closeness and the presence of warmth. When one wears it, they will be able to feel as comfortable as they used to be in their memories. It will fulfill a strong need of being comforted and appreciated. It situates people through time because how others used to comfort them when they are feeling lonely, helpless, or sad.

VICTORIAN SHELTER. ROXANA ANTISTESCU LAURA ADRIANA PASCALE

Redefining urban shelters with elegant clothes of a crinoline skirt and an umbrella. Both items have a double functionality while not changing their shape: the umbrella has an incorporated chair while the skirts adapts into a tent.

MUSHROOM HOUSE.

THE CAMPING SHOWER

JOANNA PIOTROWSKA VIANO ONIOMOH

NGUYEN NHAT VY PHAM PATRICIA PASKINA

The concept of the mushroom house is to turn easily from skirt/belt and into a lovely shelter that acts like a hoodie and an umbrella at the same time, stuffed with pillows for warmth and comfort. The skirt/belt is easily detachable so that the hoodie. Umbrella can be switched from trailing behind you to covering your head snugly. So walk out of your humble abode looking fabulous for the day! Chance of rain? No worries, youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve got your handy mushroom house!

The purpose for this project is camping. When leaving a city for camping, shower is what we need but not able to find in the camping area. So, we made this portable shower to bring the urban comfort from the city to the countryside. The water tank for the shower is made of a beach ball, which is opened on top to fill the water in and a bottle lid is attached to the bottom to lock and let the water run down. This shower turns into a light box backpack to carry around and all the shampoo bottles are contained inside the curtains.

R.

WAVESHELL. LEE SHU KUI SOPHIE BELL

The idea of this wearable shelter is to explore the possibility of urban sustainable clothing, in order to show out the dynamic of a piece of garment. The material include vine, foam fabric and coated nylon, the transformation of the garment, is a sense of poetry.

personal SUMMARY

For this project, we were required to collaborate with professionals and undergraduate students. Our tasks, as the coordinators of this event, is to create and prepare a valid brief for the event, organise, find sponsorships and collaborators, talks and speakers, handle events and manage the participants.

Our team dynamic is at the peak and efficient. As we manage to divide the workload between ourselves and at the same time we help with the tasks that require immediate attention. Fortunately, at the beginning weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve decided on a easy going event and we had a end goal in mind, that had set the perspective in place as we know what we should do and how we get there from here.

We decided to play with the theme fashion as it is a different approach to architecture, whilst giving a different perspective to the participants, but also we know it is manageable as we have a few helping hands in the Fashion Department. Another reason is we know that the outcome would

be manageable and within the time constraints of the 3 weeks programme. The materials and equipment required are cheap and affordable for the participants, and the facilities could be found in Manchester School of Arts itself.

Some of the valuable things weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve learned from this event is that in terms of collaborations, we have to act quick and efficient as up to their professional standards.

They would not settle not more than proper management and enthusiasm. Other than that, it is not easy mentoring and coordinating 12 students, as not all will be obedient and a good person. There will always be that one or two person in that group which may soil the name of the whole event.

[ Technology | Timber Manufacture ] Summer 2014

TIMBER MANUFACTURE MATERIALS PROCESS

A colloborative project with manufacturers and achitects to learn about the manufacturing of timber and its case studies.

Steven Anton Chan Ching Yee Tan Chu Huan Dayang Fatin Abang Maamon

Tengku Inda Tengku Zubir Tiffany Man Wah Wong

00

TIMBER MANUFACTURE

CONTENTS Introduction & History Timber Construction & Methods Performance & Maintenance

Manufacturing & Technology Digital Fabrication & Techniques Sustainability & Environment Case Study: Future of Timber & Development Bibliography & Appendix

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

01 introduction & HISTORY

There are two types of usable materials. One product is ‘hardwood’ from deciduous trees (broad leaf which are fruit or nut bearing), and ‘softwood’ from coniferous trees (needle and cone bearing). The terms ‘hardwood’ and softwood’ have no bearing on the actual ‘hardness’ and ‘softness of the material. Some hardwoods tend to be dense and strong taken from slow growing trees with large girth, height, and little sapwood. The heartwood s of many of these trees are naturally durable, resisting both fungal and insect attack.

Both deciduous and coniferous tree trunks are subdivided into sapwood and heartwood. The sapwood encases the trunk directly under the bark and transports the sap up the trunk. The heartwood core provides strength and wood from this stem region is normally more resistant to decay or insect attack. The durability of heartwood from either deciduous or coniferous trees largely depends on the types and quantities of natural “preservative” chemicals that exist in the structure of the wood these are termed extractives. Many of these are responsible for providing the colour in processed wood.

in Scandinavia, where straight tall tree trunks are readily available. Examples of trees are pine and spruce. In the log cabin build process, no chemical reactions are involved and the logs themselves act as a barrier to water from any weather or season.

In Scandinavia’s older towns, the houses are built with log contruction, with decorations by board paneling and wood cuttings. Today’s construction of modern log cabins are used as leisure homes/retreat homes in Finland and Sweden.

Cutaway diagram of the tree

The first log structures used dated back to the Bronze Age (3500 BC) in Northern Europe. Although the origin of log construction is uncertain, traditionally log cabin construction has its roots evidenced in Scandanavia and Eastern Europe. Dwellings were constructed by laying logs horizontally overtop of each other and filling in the gaps with “chips and mud”.

Tree trunks were stacked on top of one another, where the logs overlapped and interlock at the corners/log ends of the “log cabin”. Timber from coniferous trees were used used to keep houses warm. Log construction has been very popular Log Joints

Traditional Log Construction

INTRODUCTION OF CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER

CLT Panels are layers of lumber boards stacked and glued together. These boards are typically alternate at 90 degrees, and are commonly glued together on their wider faces. Gluing is the major method used to join the boards, however there are other products such as the Interlocking Cross Laminated Timber (ICLT) that used non-clue methods, such as wooden dowels and nails. A CLT element has at least three glued layers placed in orthogonally alternating orientation to the neighbouring layers. They are commonly fabricated with an odd number of layers (3-7 layers, and

sometimes even more).

The thickness of each lumber board range from 12mm-51mm, and the width ranges from 60mm-240mm). These boards ar joined together using structural adhesive. Panels are rated by machine stress and visually. These boards are then kiln dried. The sizes of panels vary from different manufacturers, however common width depths are 0.6m, 1.2m, 3m and length can be up to 18m. The thickness can be up to 500mm. Transportation regulations may impose limitations to CLT panel sizes.

Cutaway of a 5 layer CLT panel Sketch diagrams of manufacture process

CLT panel configurations Timber construction options

CLT panel examples TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

02 timber construction & METHODS TYPES OF TIMBER CONSTRUCTION 1. Stitched construction

Log

(Strikbau)

This layering of timbers one on top of the other works best with compact cells. For this reason, cells used to be lined up next to each other. The construction can be very highly modulated when using this method and it is not necessary to think exclusively in horizontals and verticals. This method shows in the outwards appearance of the mortuary. The structural qualities of Strickbau mean that comparatively short walls (traditionally the length o a beam at the most – depending on the size of the trees) are stabilized by informing corner joints. Thus the room cell is the basic unit.

2. Dowelled (Brettstapel) Construction

panels. Brettstapel is commonly produced as part of a prefabricated wall, ceiling or roof panel. The prefabrication takes place in dedicated factories using specialist machinery and an experienced team ensuring tight quality control and fast construction. Structurally manufacturers can produce panels up to 12 – 15 meters in length, although a 7 meter pan is more readily achievable with a 210 – 250 mm deep panel. Brettstapel trusses can be made to span more demanding distances, such as those required in large industries units and bridges.

Types of Brettstapel Construction

Timber

Brettstapel is a massive construction system, fabricated exclusively from softwood timber posts connected with hardwood timber dowels. it is a relatively simple method of construction that exploits low grade timber, not normally suitable for use in construction, to form load bearing solid timber wall, floor and roof panels. Large solid wood structural panels are manufactured without the use of any adhesive.

Rectangular sections of low grade softwood are stacked together. Long hardwood dowels are then driven diagonally into the stacks to apply the necessary compression. Openings can be cut into the solid panels where required, in the same way as with cross-laminated timber Stitched construction

Brettstapel timber construction

TYPES OF SOLID WOOD CONSTRUCTION METHODS 1.

COMPOSITE I-BEAMS

GLULAM

timber or LVL flange plywood or OSB web

LVL

PSL peeled timber veneers (approx 3 mm thick) strands cut from peeled timber veneers

Types of Solid Wood Panels

Laminated Veneer Lumber or LVL

Laminated Veneer Lumber

More recently structural sections, as well as thicker panels have been made in which the majority of the veneers run parallel to the length of the section. This material is known as ‘laminated veneer lumber’ and because of the common direction of the veneers it has greatly improved directional strength over plywood.

Peeling or slicing thing veers is only possible from tree trunks of certain species, it is not feasible to peel or slice for irregular branches (branch wood), or ‘thinnings’ which are smaller trees removed periodically from plantation forests to improve growing conditions for the rest. To use this material, the technique is to break the wood down into chips, wafers or strands that can be mixed with adhesives and recombined under pressure to form wither panels or structural sections. These are generally known as ‘strand’ boards.

Where structural strength is necessary the tensile properties of the panels or sections can be improved by using long strands or wafers of wood laid in overlapping layers along the length of the section. Typical structural panels of this sort are ‘oriented strand board’ and parallel strand lumber’. In the latter long stands of wood are embedded in resin and formed under pressure into panels or structural sections that can e used in a similar way to solid wood.

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02 timber construction & METHODS TYPES OF SOLID WOOD CONSTRUCTION METHODS 2. Glulam

The technique of using readily available small rectangular sections of wood to build larger structural sections is glue lamination, generally referred to as “glulam”.

This basic idea was known to the Victorian engineers who, prior to the development of suitable glues bolted together (mechanically fixed) small sections of timber to form large curved beams. Modern “glulam” construction consists of small rectangular sections of solid timber, finger-jointed end-to-end, and then assembled in layers with glued rather than bolted joints. These are then pressed together to form curved or straight beams much larger and longer than can be achieved with solid wood.

The size of glulam is only limited by transport and the facilities of the particular manufacturer.

Members up to 40m long by 2.5m deep have been produced. In addition to producing members of almost any size, the laminates can easily be curved before gluing. Most glulams are made with softwood, but hardwood is occasionally used where the requirements of strength, appearance or durability demand.

However some hardwoods are more difficult to glue so careful consideration of species is required.

Sections of solid timber are glued together and form alrger sections

C sections are ‘fingerjointed’ end to end

An early form of laminated timber, developed by victorian engineers

Long curved glulam beams at the Shefifeld Winter Gardens

TYPES OF SOLID WOOD CONSTRUCTION METHODS 3.

Composite Beams

I-beams are pre-fabricated components consisting of thin webs of hardboard, or oriented strand board fitted between rectangular sections of softwood or laminated veneer lumber acting as top and bottom chords in an I-shaped profile. These lightweight sections, besides using the various materials in the most efficient structural manner, can be fabricated in a range of standard heights and virtually unlimited lengths, only constrained by their spanning properties for roof or floor construction. They are made to precise sizes and are largely unaffected by changes in moisture content. Besides their use as beams, they are now frequently used for wall framing where their depth provides space for thick insulation. The low conductivity of the thin webs also enables improved thermal insulation in walls.

I-beams are available in a variety of sizes

I-beam compared to solid wood

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02 timber construction & METHODS TYPES OF SOLID WOOD CONSTRUCTION METHODS 4.

Crosslam (CLT)

A more recent addition to the range of timber “engineered” products is the “crosslaminated panel”. This development lies somewhere between the principles of plywood and “glulam” construction, in that small square sections of solid wood are bonded together and assembled in layers. Each layer is perpendicular to the previous one and the whole assembly is then pressed to form panels. These panels can be of considerable size and thickness and are capable of carrying substantial loads either as roof or floor decks or as load bearing walls. Since cross-laminated timber constructions contain large volumes of wood, they also sequester considerable quantities of CO2 and therefore offer significant environmental benefits. Layups and dimensions

have board thicknesses of between 17 mm and 45 mm. Individual layers are formed from wood based panels such as, for example, OSB or LVL. The total thickness of the element may amount to 500 mm depending on the approval of the manufacturer; in general the thicknesses are of up to 300 mm. The board dimensions vary depending on the manufacturing procedure. In general element widths are up to 2.95 m (upon request and depending on the manufacturer up to 4.80 m are possible) and element lengths up to 16.00 m (upon request and depending on the manufacturer up to 20.00 m are possible).

Individual system providers supply elements with grid widths of 625 mm up to 700 mm. Since the manufacturer produces different standard thicknesses and widths the precise dimensions are to be derived, in the planning phase, from the manufacturer’s product information.

CLT timber panel is craned into position on site

Mostly the layup consists of at least three crosswise arranged board layers and is symmetrical (Figure 1.6a). With particularly high strength requirements in the main load bearing direction many manufacturers offer layup with which several parallel layers are arranged, in the main load bearing direction, over each other (Figure 1.6b). Depending on approval the boards can be laid in individual layers with systematic spacing from each other (Figure 1.6c). The cross laminated timber consists of boards which correspond to at least the grading class S7/C18, however, as a rule, to S10/C24. The boards can be finger-jointed in the longitudinal direction. Depending on the manufacturer, they Crosslam timber panels

CLT is formed with layeredd sections of solid wood

APPLICATION POTENTIALS OF CLT

Application as panel

Wall plate

General

cantilevers in corner areas or point supports.

Cross laminated timber is used for load bearing walls, ceilings and roof constructions for the construction of single and two family housing, in multi storey residential buildings, for school and other residence related utilisation as well as for hall constructions.

However, you can also find applications in religious buildings, in commercial buildings or in special constructions such as bridges. As a rule according to DIN 1052 the utilisation class 1 or 2 as well as a predominantly statical loading are available. However, experience has also already been gathered in bridge construction for variable loads. Generally cross laminated timber construction components are suitable for application in the following described support functions:

Plate â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Wall plate

Panels

By crosswise arranging of the board layers cross laminated timber can also be applied as panel elements which transfer the parallel to the element layer effective loads through bending. This is typically the case for window lintels or stiffened roof and ceiling plates. This supporting action is used primarily in construction of additional storeys on existing buildings in as much as the loads of the additional storeys can be directed across considerable span widths to the load distributing external walls on the existing building.

Loads perpendicular to the element plane produce bending stresses which can mainly be distributed through board layers running parallel to the span direction in the case of ceiling systems. Cross laminated timber beams are thereby considered as single-axis spanned panel strips. A considerable advantage of cross laminated timber systems is, however, in the dual-axis load distribution which enables ceiling systems supported on all sides,

Vertical loads on wall elements create normal stresses in the layers parallel to the applied load. Bending stresses, which result from possible eccentric ceiling connections or occurring deformations, are also applied.

Because of the crosswise arrangement of individual board layers, the wall plates also accept higher horizontal loads and can therefore be simultaneously used for building bracing. The higher stiffnesses and load-bearing capacity of glued cross laminated timber elements enables economic use in multi-storey residential and industrial structures.

Plateâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Bending girder or ceiling plate

CLT planar elements glued Plate as bending member

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03 performance & MAINTENANCE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE

3-storey and 7-storey full-scale CLT buildings were tested by IVALSA (Trees and Timber Research Institute of Italy) in Japan. The buildings performed remarkably well even when subjected to severe earthquake motion like that of the devastating Kobe earthquake (magnitude of 7.2 and accelerations of 0.8 to 1.2 g). Shaking table tests on the 3-storey house conducted in the laboratories of the NIED in Tsukuba, Japan (figure below) showed that the CLT construction survived 15 destructive earthquakes without any severe damage.

In the case of the 7-storey building (figures on the right) there was no residual deformation at the end of the test, which was carried on the largest shaking table in the world.

The maximum inter-storey drift was 40 mm (1.3%), while the maximum lateral deformation at the top of the building was only 287 mm.

The CLT buildings showed ductile behaviour and good energy dissipation. Such behaviour was mainly influenced by the mechanical connections used.

FIRE PERFORMANCE

CLT assemblies can inherently have excellent fire resistance, often comparable to typical massive assemblies of non-combustible construction. This is due to the thick crosssections which, when exposed to fire, slowly char at a predictable rate, allowing massive timber systems to maintain significant structural capacity for extended duration. CLT construction typically has fewer concealed spaces within wall and floor assemblies which also can reduce the risk of fire spread.

For non-loadbearing wall assemblies, only the separating function is necessary for defining the fire resistance. It can easily be met with the panels and joints between panels be effectively sealed to prevent air or hot gases from penetrating the assembly during fire exposure. The joint detain shown in the diagram below is a half-lapped joint that has been tested

Tightly joined

in full-scale wall and floor fire-resistance tests and proven to have sufficient fire resistance.

Charring rate experiments conducted in Switzerland found that the adhesive used in the manufacturing of CLT panels can have a significant impact on the charring rate. This was because the protective char layer that forms and insulates the unburned wood from fire, fell off in layers when some polyurethane adhesives were used. When CLT panels with more traditional adhesives were used, the charring rate was found to be the same as that assumed for solid timber and Glulam members.Pictures on the left show demonstration tests in Japan by IVALSA on a 3-storey CLT building: Fire room was protected by gypsum board, and room contents (and later the CLT wall panels) burned for an hour without fire spread to adjacent rooms or floors.

Single bead of construction adhesive

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03 performance & MAINTENANCE ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCES

It is possible to exceed code requirements for floors and walls. The acoustical performance of CLT has been rated as: - Sound class B and A in Europe - Exterior walls: Rw = 47 to 52 dB (85 mm panel + 150 mm insulation) (min. 43) - Partition walls: Rw = 65 to 75 dB (min. 50) - Ceilings: up to Lnw = 40 dB (max. 53)

Diagrams show selected results from acoustic tests on various floor compositions, performed for FPInnovations (Canada) at the FCBA (France) in July 2009. (Units conversion: STC ~ Rw; IIC ~ 110 - Lnw)

Through combinations of upper floor screeds and footfall sound insulation mats with a lower dynamic rigidity as well as weight suppression integrated into the elements or underside, and then possibly also flexible, ceiling coverings, a very good footfall insulation is achieved that also exceeds the increse requirements of the standard.

Some examples of common CLT wall assemblies available in European countries are shown here.

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03 performance & MAINTENANCE BUILDING ENCLOSURE HEAT, AIR & MOISTURE CONTROL

Heat flow control is achieved using insulation to minimize space heat loss or gain through the building enclosure. Air leakage control is also a key element of heat flow control.

Being laminated solid wood, CLT inherently offers a nominal amount of insulation. Softwood species which typically make up a CLT panel provide an R-value of approximately R-1.2 h·ft2·°F/Btu per inch, (i.e. R-4.2 for a 3 1⁄2 in. thick panel). While this inherent R-value is a good start, additional insulation must also be provided for the wall assembly to meet local energy code requirements. Table below shows examples of insulation thicknesses

for CLT building assemblies.

The placement of the insulation may significantly affect the moisture levels and durability of the wood panel in service. In all climate zones, most types of insulation should be placed on the exterior side of the CLT panels.

This will keep the wood in a relatively constant warm and dry indoor environment and reduce the risk of moisture damage. Figure on the left demonstrates a CLT assembly where the exterior insulation is sufficiently rigid to allow for furring strips to be screwed directly through it to the CLT panel with minimal compression.

It is also a guidance on CLT building envelope design with durability considerations.

The use of CLT panels within sloped roof assemblies will have similar design considerations as for walls. CLT panels may also be used in flat or low-slope roof assemblies - in which case using a conventional roofing assembly would be best practice to protect the CLT panel.

Figure above illustrates exterior insulated rainscreen clad CLT exterior wall transition to CLT sloped roof assembly showing material sequencing.

Figure on the right illustrates CLT flat roof detail showing material sequencing of a conventional roofing assembly with tie-in to parapet of CLT wall.

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

03 performance & MAINTENANCE BUILDING ENCLOSURE

The installation of windows into an exterior insulated CLT panel wall assembly varies from traditional practice. When installing a window into an exterior insulated assembly, several window installation techniques are possible depending on the placement of the window frame. A general schematic of a window

installation using sloped wood sill and plywood box liner is provided in figure on the right.

CLT panels must also be protected from moisture at grade. Figure below shows atgrade CLT wall assembly schematic.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

CLT likely has better characteristics than functionally equivalent concrete and steel systems in several aspects of environmental performance. FPInnovation has used life cycle assessment methodology to compare CLT with concrete as a structural floor system. Diagrams on the top right show the system boundaries for CLT and ready-mixed concrete respectively.

And the table below shows the summary results of the comparative assertion of CLT versus concrete. The CLT floor performs better. The hypothesis, based on preliminary data, is that CLT likely has a lighter footprint than equivalent concrete systems in many cases and has potential value as a carbon storage mechanism and eventual biofuel at end of life.

As a concrete replacement, CLT would likely displace a number of environmental emissions and other impacts such as consumption of natural resources. The lower consumption of fossil fuel and subsequent GHG emission reduction in the manufacturing of CLT versus reinforced concrete are particularly attractive benefits. However, CLT is a massive material with a corresponding high transportation environmental footprint; if transported long distances, CLT may have trouble competing on fossil fuel and GHG emissions with concrete, which is nearly always locally manufactured. This may not be an issue if regional CLT manufacturing develops.

A separate discussion addresses the carbon storage aspect of CLT which, like most wood products, has more carbon contained in the product than is emitted during its harvesting, manufacturing and transporting. CLT can thus be considered carbon-negative in a cradle-togate context. Environmentally, this is a delayed GHG emission; the carbon storage is temporary (the carbon stored in wood will eventually return to atmosphere) and, therefore, over a long time frame, has no effect on global carbon balances.

However, in the short term (100 years or so), any delayed emission is helpful for the immediate societal need to reduce emissions in order to slow down climate change.

Generally, displaced emissions are more meaningful as they are larger than typically stored carbon, and they are permanent and cumulative. Stored carbon is only affecting climate change if the pool of carbon in wood products is increasing; otherwise, this pool is in equilibrium with removals of wood carbon from service and with carbon absorption by forests. A rapid market uptake of CLT could theoretically help increase the pool of carbon in wood products.

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04 manufacturing & TECHNOLOGY PROCESS FROM TREE TO TIMBER PANELS The process from tree to timber panels can be divided into the following steps: [1] Felling process of trees, as well as new trees growing.

[2] Logs are transported to manufacture factory.

[3] Outer bark is stripped away by machinery.

[4] Using computer aided machinery to coordinate panel sizes and capacity per log.

[5] Logs fed through machinery to cut panels to the desired sizes.

Forest, felling of trees

Transportation

Machinery

Choice of Desired Size

Panels Cutting

Grouping

[6] Panels grouped to size and grade, ready to be kiln dried.

PRODUCTION OF CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER IN FACTORY The production of CLT can be divided into the following steps:

[1] Timber panels kiln drying

[2] Primary Timber Panel Check

[3] Strength/Stiffness Grading Using Machine

[1] Cut timber panels are grouped and taken to be kiln dried.

[2] Primary timber panel selection: Moisture content check, visual grading, E-Rating.

[3] Strength or stiffness grading of kiln dried boards [4] Planing and cutting out of local growth characteristics that do not meet the requirements of the strength class.

[6] Lay-up in Pressure Rack.

[5] Division

[4] Planing

[5] Division and of laminations to the desired thickness and layers.

[6] Lay-up of laminations for longitudinal and transverse layers of CLT in a pressure rack.

[7] Bonding Pressure of laminations for adhesion in a pressure vaccum process or hydraulically.

[8] CLT on-line quality control, machining and cutting.

[7] Bonding with Adhesive

[8] Machine Cut (CNC)

[9] Marking and Packaging

[9] Product marking and packaging.

[10] Transportation to site.

[10] Transportation

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04 manufacturing & TECHNOLOGY TIMBER PANEL KILN DRYING

PRIMARY TIMBER PANEL CHECK

The freshly cut timber panels are placed into a drying chambers. A dried timber panel can sell for a high price than when dry than wet. If it is dried correctly, this benefits the machine, adhesive bonding, and finishes.

The timber panel is dried to a humidity of approximately 12%.

In Europe, CLT panels ae usually graded in two different grades, a construction grade and appearance grade. The timber panels may be selected by grading the panel visually, by moisture content, and E-rating. Timber panels will also be rechecked after the Planing [4] stage of the manufacture process. Ideally, the kiln dried timber panel should have moisture content of 19% or less at the time of surfacing. Although with the standard specification for moisture content, it may be suitable for one manufacturing process, and not for another. Furthermore, some adhesives are more sensitive. Moisture content also varies from season to season. It is recommended that timber panels should have

Kiln Drying Shed, Photo from Eurban Source: Photo from Eurban Manufacture Presentation

a moisture content of 12 +/- 3% to ensure better bonding quality. Limiting the moisture content variation, this helps to minimise any developments of any internal streses between pieces due to differential shrinking. It is recommended that the maximum MC diffeent should be no more than 5% betwen adjacent pieces. The temperature of the wood can also affect the bondline quality and manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s adhesive choice . It is recommended that the wood temperature should remain at at least 15 degrees celcius.

Lumber checks in factory, Photo from Eurban Source: Photo from Eurban Manufacture Presentation

STRENGTH/ STIFFNESS USING GRADING MACHINE

PLANNING

Following the drying, the timber panels are graded by strength, stiffness and density by using a machine. The top layers can be assessed additionally after aesthetical grading criteria. The pieces which qualify for the better grades are assigned higher working stresses and can be therefore used in smaller sections or over longer spans. There are two methods to grading: visual grading, and using the grading machine. However, visual inspection is a weaker method as it may not see the density may not be easily known.

Board sections that are weak or have a poor appearance are, if necessary, lopped out and the boards. Then follows the planing or sanding of the laminations to the desired thickness.

Planing (surfacing) shaves down the surface of the wood to reduce oxidisation.

With a fresh surface, this also creates better effectiveness with gluing and ensures better bonding. Often, planing happens on all four sides of the lumber to ensure dimensional uniformity. However for some manufacturers, the planing happens only on the faces if the width tolerance is acceptable and when panel edges are not glued. It is recommended that 2.5mm from the thickness and 3.8mm from

The machine strength grading would sort the timber panel directly into which class

it should be in. These classes are divided into â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;species and gradeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; where those of similar strength are grouped.

the width should be removed by planing. Due to inevitable variations in drying efficiency (shed, air etc), and different wood characteristics, it is possible for recently kiln dried timber panels to exhibit higher than average moisture content after planing.

Therefore, a reassement may need to take place to ensure the right conditions for timber panels.

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04 manufacturing & TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

LAY UP IN PRESSURE RACK

Timber panels are grouped by size and quality of the panels. It is required to be grouped within the same engineering properties, such as the stiffness strength and density.

Timber panels are layed in a pressure rack and glue is applied. Adjacent layers are arranged at 90 degrees to each other. The assembly time is from the spreading of the adhesive on the layers and the application of target pressure to the assembly. Gluing at high pressure reduces the timbers expansion and shrinkage potential to a negligible level. The result is a rigid structural timber member that can be used both vertically and horizontally to construct a buildings frame. Timber panels are grouped by size and quality of the panels.

It is required to be grouped within the same engineering properties, such as the stiffness strength and density.

BONDING WITH ADHESIVE

MACHINE CUT CNC

Timber panels are layed in a pressure rack and glue is applied. Adjacent layers are arranged at 90 degrees to each other. The assembly time is from the spreading of the adhesive on the layers and the application of target pressure to the assembly. Gluing at high pressure reduces the timbers expansion and shrinkage potential to a negligible level. The result is a rigid structural timber member that can be used both vertically and horizontally to construct a buildings frame.

Timber panels are layed in a pressure rack and glue is applied. Adjacent layers are arranged at 90 degrees to each other. The assembly time is from the spreading of the adhesive on the layers and the application of target pressure to the assembly. Gluing at high pressure reduces the timbers expansion and shrinkage potential to a negligible level. The result is a rigid structural timber member that can be used both vertically and horizontally to construct a buildings frame.

comparison to a vaccum press. Side clamping important in order to minimise potential gaps between panels in the main layers. The pressing time is dependent on the ambient temperature and air humidity. The temperature is recommded to be higher than 15 degrees celcius.

There is the option of a hydraulic press that can generate higher vertical clamping pressure and side claming pessure in

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04 manufacturing & TECHNOLOGY CAD - computer aided design CAM - computer aided manufacturing

Construction has traditionally relied on specifications and 2D drawings to convey material properties, performance details and location information. Advanced 3D solid modelling and digital fabrication methods are growing in construction. Iconic building design is modelled entirely using 3D solid CAD tools containing all the required information for construction. CAM or CNC machinery can utilise this information to manufacture components enabling highly bespoke and non-repeating components to be cost competitive. Today, with digital production and continuous datasets comprising a practical approach rather than an idealised aim, the production of geometrically complex buildings and building systems from differentiated components appears a tangible, as well as feasible, proposition.

CLT is factory manufactured to exceptional levels of accuracy to ensure minimal defects. The prefabricated nature of CLT permits high precision and a construction process characterized by faster completion, increased safety, less demand for skilled workers on site, less disruption to the surrounding community and less waste. This is facilitated by the use of CAD/CAM technology to profile the panel for installation, at the plant, of conventional and sophisticated connection systems with a high degree of accuracy and efficiency.

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04 manufacturing & TECHNOLOGY Benefits - Minimize waste the CAD/CAM timber frame manufacturing process includes optimizing saws to minimize timber waste.

- High accuracy the factory cutting and machining of the timber takes place under strictly controlled conditions, using CNC technology for more maximum accuracy to produce freeform shapes.

- Mass-customization to produce individual custom designs from standard manufacturing technologies - Cost effective this improves construction and project delivery time, reduces costs, saves money - Increased efficiency especially for demanding geometry/ repetitive geometry Openings for windows, doors, staircases and utilities are pre-cutv using CNC machines at the factory.

Digital Construction Digital Construction Whether the delivery mechanism is contour crafting, freeform construction or other rapid prototyping technology, the underlying driver is digital capability available through CAD and CAM and is illustrated in the diagram below.

Lean thinking Freeform design CAD CAM Automated systems

Formative

Subtractive

e.g. Tooling, moulds Solid/Liquid Offsite

e.g. CNC milling, turning Solid Offsite

Additive

e.g. Freeform construction; contour crafting or rapid prototyping Liquid Offsite/Onsite

Combined Onsite

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05 digital fabrication & TECHNIQUES OTHER FORMS OF TIMBER PANEL CONSTRUCTION - ENGINEERED STUD COSTRUCTION

Engineered wood includes a range of wood products that are used by binding particles, veneers or boards of wood together using adhesives. Four of the most common types of alternative timber wall and roof construction are structural insulated panels (SIPs), crosslaminated timber, engineered stud and twin stud.

Engineered wall studs have been used as a replacement for traditional timber wall studs and are typically steel web joists which are able to provide more space for insulation.

CLT

CLT and Glulam Contrasted

LSL (Laminated Strand Lumber), is a type of engineered timber that can be used as a higher precision alternative to traditional stud walling. Faster completion, increased safety, less demand for skilled workers on site, less disruption to the surrounding community and less waste. This is facilitated by the use of CAD/CAM technology to profile the panel for installation, at the plant, of conventional and sophisticated connection systems with a high degree of accuracy and efficiency.

OUTSIDE

Glulam

Engineered Wall Studs

Sandwich construction produces similar characteristics to I-Beams

Adhesion of facings achieved during foam injection process

OTHER FORMS OF TIMBER PANEL CONSTRUCTION - SIPS

Structural Insulated Panels are high performance building panels used in walls roofs and floors. The panels are constructed of two layers of structural timber skin with a thick layer of rigid foam insulation sandwiched between. The timber skin is usually OSB (Oriented Strand Board), while the insulation is typically EPS (expanded polystyrene composed of 98 percent air).

Polyurethane core contains fire retardant

core within the panel. Unlike CLT, load-bearing SIP structures are generally limited to four storeys for structural reasons. The main difference between CLT panels and SIPs is that CLT panels span in two direction, while Glulam acts only in one (Figure14). In addition to this, with CLT insulation is added into a structure on site, while in SIPs it is integral.

They were invented in the 1930â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s by the US Forest Products Research Laboratory and the earliest examples of sandwich panel technology can be found in the Usonian Houses designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in the 1940s.

Like CLT, SIPs offer factory controlled prefabrication, rapid construction times and offer high sustainability characteristics. They provide few cold bridges as large panels require fewer joints and excellent airtightness - due to the continuous, uniform, insulation

OSB facing provides structural strength

Vapour sealed, air tight joints. Minimal thermal bridging

SIPs Sandwich Panel Construction

High pressure injected P.U. foam core in various thicknessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

05 digital fabrication & TECHNIQUES OTHER FORMS OF TIMBER PANEL CONSTRUCTION - SIPS (MANUFACTURE)

During the manufacturing process a strong laminated bond is achieved between the three layers in a similar process to that used in the manufacture of CLT. Each building must be individually designed and engineered, CAD drawings are directly linked to CNC machines which are optimised to reduce waste. Channels for electrical wiring are cut into the insulating foam layer.

Typical sizes for SIPs panels range from a standard 1.2m by 2.4 metre panel up to 2.4 by 7.3 metres with a thickness of 120mm up to 360mm (Wall widths can usually be thinner than a typical timbers

SIPs Panel Roof Construction

stood or masonry cavity construction, especially if a thin cladding is specified).

SIPs are difficult and laborious to modify on-site, so require high precision in their design and manufacture. Joints between panels are sealed with mastic and usually an exterior finish is applied on-site.

One of the benefits of using SIPs is that complex roof forms can be insulated easily. SIPS use less timber than CLT and therefore absorb less carbon.

SIPs, CLT, and Crosslam can all be used together and incorporated on single projects.

SIPs Panel Construction Diagram

OTHER FORMS OF TIMBER PANEL CONSTRUCTION - GLULAM BEAMS Beam and column

Symmetrical double pitched beam

Glued Laminated Timber is manufactured in a similar process to Cross Laminated Timber. Glulam can be used for roof, lintel and floor beams, columns and rafters with structures that can take a number of different forms, from straight beams to domes or arches.

Connections between beams are usually made with steel bolts or plain steel dowels and steel plates. Glulam beams have a higher strength to weight ratio than an equivalent steel beam.

Glulam beams are often used as a sustainable alternative to steel, “A 305mm x 165mm steel ‘I’ beam has the equivalent performance of a 550mm x 135mm softwood glulam beam but requires six times the energy cost to produce,” although a glulam beams does possess more embodied energy than solid timber.

If the beams are incinerated at the end of their life, they are carbon positive, but if they are sent to landfill, glulam beams result in greater greenhouse gas emissions than steel.

The lower weight of glulam leads to savings on foundation size, transport and erection costs. Using Glulam timber eliminates the risk of cold bridging where the frame penetrate the inside structural layer. to reduce the cost of using a glulam frame, specialist fabrications should be avoided, steel plate fastenings standardised and kept to minimum distances beyond those recommended.

Three-Pin trusses with ties

Three-Pin portal frame with curved haunches

Glulam Beam Connection Detail Three-Pin arches with ties Figure 16: Glulam Beam Construction Frame Types

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

05 digital fabrication & TECHNIQUES PREFABRICATION - TYPES OF PREFABRICATION ‘‘ Prefabrication is

a manufacturing process, generally taking place at a

specialised facility, in which various materials are joined to form a component part of the final installation Types of prefabrication: 1. Stick and Panel: Includes processed or industrialised building systems which reduce site labour and increase quality control. This type of construction is standard in the construction industry today.

’’ (Gibb, 1999)

either produce standard or unique products.

Prefabrication

2. Panelised: Assemblies fabricated into solid panels, which can include the integration of services, insulation and finishes.

3. Modular (or volumetric): Self supporting or load bearing that enclose whole volumetric sections of buildings that can be fitted out with services, fixtures and furnishings either off-site or on-site.

Modular construction can be combined with panelisation for greater speed of construction.

All types of prefabrication involve an amount of construction off-site. All elements of buildings can be fabricated off-site, including foundations.

The building construction industry has benefited from lessons learned in other assembly industries such as the aeronautical industry.

Objects are broke down into smaller assemblies and combined on-site. Off-site fabrication can bring benefits in terms of quality and cost and can Volumetric Construction

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

06 sustainability & ENVIRONMENT

Energy from fossil fuels consumed in the construction and operation of buildings accounts for approximately half of the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s emissions of carbon dioxide. For a material to be considered sustainable, first it must possess low embodied carbon and high stored carbon. Embodied carbon is the amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) released into the air in order to produce a certain material. This carbon emission is produced by extracting, distributing, processing and manufacturing raw materials to produce the components of construction. It also take into account during construction, operational carbon, demolition, and end-of life management as summerised.

which offsets embodied carbon during the life-cycle of CLT (or general timber materials).

In North America, CLT is manufactured 2x6 lumber from trees harvested from sustainably managed forests, and mostly Mountain Pine Beetle kill trees. If these trees are not used, they decay and emit carbon back into the atmosphere.

Material suply - forest cover Source : Eurban

1. Resourcing

Timber has much to contribute to sustainable construction, but in order to do so it is crucial to ensure that it is sustainably sourced. Much environmental damage has been caused through illegal logging, which is estimated to account for 20 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 40% of global industrial consumption. As a renewable energy source, forest energy plays a significant role in achieving the goals of climate protection.

Sustainably managed forests serve as carbon storages, thereby slowing down climate change.

Low embodied carbon and high stored carbon determine how sustainable a certain building material is. (source : Eurban)

In the case of Eurban, the wood raw material that is used comes from sustainably managed forests in the Europe which is legally procured. Wood is not sourced from protected forests. Substitution is done and this contributes to timber being a renewable resource. This allows for high carbon storage Life-cycle of timber as building material (source : author)

2. Transportation

4. Transportation to construction site

Most of factories manufacturing CLT are located near the forest where the raw material is obtained. This resulted in reducing carbon emission during transportation.

As all panels are manufactured offsite, using CLT reduces the number of deliveries by up to 7.5 times compared with reinforced concrete.

3. Manufacturing

Cross-laminated timber panels can be produced using low-tech, comparatively low energy, minimal freshwater and zero waste manufacturing processes. For Eurban, products are manufactured offsite and imported to the UK from specialist manufacturers who source from certified forests in countries such as Austria.

Waste generated during manufacturing process is used to create other products.

Material supply - material source (source : Eurban)

Factories are usually erected near the resource to cut down transportation cost which resulted in reducing carbon emission

Material substitution - Stored carbon Source : Image 1 (right) Š www Image 2 (left) Š primary industries and resources TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

06 sustainability & ENVIRONMENT 5. Construction Environmental advantages of using CLT : a. The production and erection process generates zero waste and helps minimise on-site pollution â&#x20AC;&#x201C; be that noise, air or water. b. Avoids thermal bridging (in parapet walls or flat roof solutions) c. Good delivery of airtight envelope d. Greater load distribution can reduce thickness of transfer slabs e. Light weight reduces load on foundations so less need for materials with high embodied energy (eg concrete) f. Vapour-permeable wall construction`

Off-site prefabrication reduces waste and on-site pollution Source : Eurban

Manufactured in high precision, it is easy to control airtighness Source : Eurban

The use of CLT reduces the need for concrete for foundation due to its light weight Source : Eurban

6. Operational carbon

Thermal efficiency: CLT buildings can double the energy efficiency of conventional buildings. The ‘thermal mass’ characteristics of the CLT building system allows the ambient temperature of the internal environment of any building to be retained with less energy, ensuring minimum expenditures of heating and cooling costs. The capacity of the design and construction of these structures will offer architects and builders a cost-efficient solution for net-zero energy and Passive designs.

Thermal stability : Timber buildings have a very stable indoor climate due to the high heat storage capacity of wood. The mass timber system using timber panels and timber fibre insulation creates one of the most stable indoor environments. Stable indoor climate means little if any air-conditioning is necessary for a comfortable living environment.

Humidity comfort range - Relative humidity and ideal room temperature are essential for interior comfort (source : Eurban)

The only components of the CLT building system are wood and non-toxic/nonoff gassing glue. CLT building materials do not introduce any toxins into the indoor environment

providing a clean indoor air quality. In addition, the CLT wall systems are breathable, which, integrated with appropriate mechanical systems, will result in a healthy indoor environment that maximizes worker productivity and occupant health.

Moisture regulation The impact of hygroscopic materials ( the ability of a material to absorb water from the air) is more effective than mechanical ventilation.

Wood has the ability to absorb humidity and release it.

- Wood / wood fibreboards can absorb and release up to 20% of their weight in humidity without a reduction in their structural & insulation performance.

- 1m² of ø100 mm timber can absorb 5 l of water by raising the moisture content by just

10%.

- Wood is extremely effective at lowering excessive humidity in the air. When the air is dry, timber releases the absorbed moisture into the room. Thanks to its humidity regulating function, mass wood elements create a stable, comfortable living environment.

Thermal stability - materials comparison (source : Eurban) Thermal stability - materials comparison (source : Eurban)

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

06 sustainability & ENVIRONMENT 7. After-life

Less and less of the basic wood material is now considered as “waste”, and effective use of wood throughout its life is an additional environmental benefit. As the value of wood increases so does the need to make maximum use of it, hence the development of products made from chippings, sawdust, off-cuts and strands. Even if this “waste” material cannot be used in the manufacture of other products it can sometimes be used as a fuel source to generate heat and/or energy (biomass), subject to compliance with waste incineration legislation.

Ultimately, even if wood is left to decay, this will provide nutrients for insect life and future organic growth although at the same time it will release the carbon stored in the material throughout its life.The following series of diagrams shows the carbon cycle for wood structures, reused wood structures, the cycle for other construction materials and finally a comparison of all three.

Other materials do not absorb any carbon. And in most cases the amount of energy needed for the extraction processing and construction processes far exceeds what is needed for an equivalent wood structure. That’s why other materials end their life cycle with a greater emission of carbon.

The carbon cycle for construction materials. Source : Trada

8. Stored carbon

The sustainability of solid timber is already well known, but never the less worth repeating. Trees act as a carbon ‘sink‘ removing CO2 from the atmosphere, releasing oxygen and sequestering/ storing carbon in the wood.

The carbon is ‘locked-in’ and remains stored within the manufactured solid timber products during there life, and only if the timber is left to naturally decompose or is burnt at the end of life is the CO2 released back in to the atmosphere.

Using solid engineered timber products to construct buildings in lieu of traditional building materials will reduce CO2:

1m3 (480-500kg/m3) of crosslaminated timber panels will remove

approximately 0.8 tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere. Therefore, 1m3 of CLT panels will have approximately 240-250kg of ‘locked-in‘ carbon.

The production of Portland Cement results in around 870kg of CO2 emissions per tonne of cement (“The cement industry’s role in climate change”, Dr Robert McCaffrey, Global Cement & Lime Magazine).

The production of steel results in around 1.75 tonnes of CO2 emissions per tonne of steel (The Carbon Trust).

GGBS Cement – ground granulated blastfurnace slag (typical mix 40 – 50%) – may reduce CO2 emissions in concrete, but only by around 100-130kg per tonne (Ecocem).

Cradle to grave CO2e assessment - 100% sequestration and incineration with energy recovery at end of life assumed for CLT

CO2 - 50% of the worlds independently cartified forests are in Europe.

Sustainable forest management for timber production converts CO2 from the atmosphere into building products.

Timber - Across its product lifecycle timber has the lowest energy consumption of any building material.

Timber structures are carbon negative.

Structure - Timber acts as a carbon sink. A solid timber Carbon Home contains 30 -40 m3 of timber, equivalent to approximately 32 tonnes of CO2.

Energy - Recover energy from timber.

Recycling timber products into energy releases more stored energy than was used in the products production.

Timber structure - Stored carbon Source : Eurban

Source : A case study to investigate the life cycle carbon emissions and carbon storage capacity of a cross laminated timber, multi-storey residential building.

H. J. Darby1, A.A. Elmualim, F. Kelly TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

07 case study : EURBAN

Eurban are a UK based company, providing engineered cross laminated timber structures that are manufactured off site ready for assembly in a precise manner. Structures are designed by Eurban’s in house engineers to EuroCode 5 using 3D modelling and engineering software.

All timber provided by Eurban is either FSC or PEFC certified making it an ideal material choice with regards to sustainability, embodied carbon and BREEAM ratings. Eurban

is an independent timber engineers/contractor, and was one company who introduced Cross Laminated Timber in market 9 years ago. Their office is in the UK, both London a Inverness.

Eurban are providers of full structural package.

They have inhouse specialist timber engineers who are up to date with advanced technologies, who provide ful timber design services.

In a manufacture lecture given by Naomi Shaw, they mainly provide laminated, casettes, and glulam products. The CLT timber is majorly sources in Germany and Switzerland.

Red dot, source location of material. Blue and Green, Eurban office locations Source: Photo from Eurban Manufacture Presentation

In Switzerland, 14,265 trees are grown for cutting, and it takes 7.5 hours to get that back. Therefore it is a sustainable source.”

Naomi Shaw, EURBAN manufacture lecture.

“Timber calms down heart rates and bring

positive impacts and behaviour in school.”

Naomi Shaw, EURBAN Manufacture lecture.

Forest Coverage in Percentage (%) Source: Photo from Eurban Manufacture Presentation

Wall Panels: CLT 138-5 or CLT 161-5 Floor Panels: CLT 182-5 or CLT 223-7 Roof Panels: CLT 165-5 or CLT 182-5

INSTALLATION CASE STUDY: BRIDGEPORT HOUSE BRIDGEPORT HOUSE PROFILE

•CLT Panels 1576m3 • 30 CLT deliveries INSTALLATION

• Hackney, London • 2010/11 • 16 months construction • 8 storeys • 4,154m2 GIFA • 41 residential units

Very tight site constraints •Transportation time from Austria to the UK •Crane and working time restriction •Follow-on trades

Client: Hackney Homes Architect: Karakusevic Carson Main Contractor: Willmott Dixon Housing CLT Engineer: Eurban / CarbonEng CLT Supplier: Stora Enso Timber •7 weeks design period •10 weeks fabrication prior to start on site •12 weeks installation

SUMMARY FROM EURBAN •Layout was not the simplest for a CLT solution •The control over the whole package was the key •Installation and logistics very important •CLT competitive when compared to concrete •10+ storeys are possible with CLT •CLT is an attractive alternative to concrete or steel

LOAD BEARING CLT TIMBER WALLS

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

07 case study : EURBAN

DAY 1

DAY 30

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

07 case study : EURBAN

DAY 40

TOPOUT PARTY

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

08 future timber & DEVELOPMENT

Technological advancements in the past several years now allow for totally new ways of building using timber, making this sustainable material predestined for ambitious building projects in urban areas. Growing cities create a huge demand for intelligent ways to use densely occupied space, for energy- efficient renovation and the creation of smart living spaces. At the same time, the increasingly urgent questions associated with protecting against climate change demand environmentally conscious building practices.

There is no doubt that timber construction meets economic, social and environmental challenges. It can reduce build costs, significantly increase the speed of construction, meet high energy efficiency standards, draw on local timber supplies and provide high quality skilled employment opportunities. Fabric First was the first message, as high quality products and continual innovation provided the means by which homes could meet high energy efficiency standards. The second message was the importance of maximising the value of the natural resource that timber represents for the construction sector, making sure there is a supply chain for the long term investment in the most effective way of locking up carbon.

Timber can tackle completely new dimensions from long-span structures to high-rises. The innovative ways of building with timber can be applied to the expansion of existing structures, the compact building of housing and renovations. The significant role wood can play in public building projects, including everything from schools to care homes. design

Referencing http://www.cynnalcymru.com/blog/timber-frame-construction-and-sustainable-future

TIMBER MANUFACTURE | ENGAGEMENT WITH MATERIAL PROCESS | qed2014

biospheric PROJECT BOOKLET

APPENDIX

00 BIOSPHERIC

& IDEOLOGY

[01] [02] [03] [04] [05]

SITE ANALYSIS & ENVIRONMENT LAYOUT & REGULATIONS PASSIVE HOUSE & TECHNOLOGY MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & CRITERIA

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

01 SITE ANALYSIS

& ENVIRONMENT Site analysis is an important part of a design process. Through careful research and analysis, design proposals can form positive relationships with the surrounding context. Through studies of the physical locality and weather conditions that might impact the site, as well as cultural studies and demographics which might influence the success of the proposed design.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONEMENT

Strangeways Prison

SURROUNDINGS

Biospheric Foundation 2 Mins

5 Mins

10 Mins

15 Mins

M.E.N Arena

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT

SITE PLAN 1:1000

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT

WEATHER

SOLAR STUDIES

Solar analysis of the site - The site faces north giving the rear of the site plenty of directional sunlight regardless of the time of year (Shown in the diagrams)

7:00 AM

12:00 PM

16:30 PM

12:00 PM

18:00 PM

AUGUST

7:00 AM

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONEMENT

2.

WEATHER

FLOOD STUDIES Flood risk is a crucial to the site because of its location next to the river Irwell. Due to estimated 1% increase in climate change, the affected areas have been included in the diagram, The site is at risk of only major flooding risk but this is up to 1m in depth across the entire site Key 1. River 2. Flooding Area 3. Extreme Flood Area 4. Site

1.

4.

3.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT

WEATHER

RAINFALL STUDIES

Weather date from the site has been entered into a graph to show the average amount of rainfall (precipitation) over the course of a year and the average number of days with rainfall.

Average Rainfall days

50

25

Precipitation (mm)

December

November

October

September

August

July

June

May

April

March

February

0 January

Precipitation (mm)

75

Average Rainfall days

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONEMENT

SURROUNDINGS

The site sits due north of Manchester, South of the river Irwell. The site is surrounded from the south and west by housing but to the east a new site is to go under development to create a new large super market.

The rings on the previous sheet show walking distance in minutes.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT

CIRCULATION

1. SITE PERIMETER

2. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

3. VEHICLE ACCESS

4. BICYCLE ACCESS

5. PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

6. CAR PARKING BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT

DEMOGRAPHIC IN THE LATEST INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (IMD) THIS AREA WAS RANKED 2,010 OUT OF 32,482 IN ENGLAND, WHERE 1 WAS THE MOST DEPRIVED AND 32,482 THE LEAST.

OVERALL DEPRIVATION 6%

INCOME DEPRIVATION 16% EMPLOYMENT DEPRIVATION 11% HEALTH DEPRIVATION 1% EDUCATION DEPRIVATION 12% BARRIERS TO SERVICES 39% LIVING ENVIRONMENT 26% CRIME 0% BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

BIOSPHERIC PROJECT OVERALL MASTERPLAN

BY BDP, URBAN SPLASH AND MSA

In collaboration with local BDP and Urban Splash, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a plan to build a design scheme that incorporate Irwell House and the surrounding site which will happen in a few stages. The early stage will include a small scale residential scheme for the staffs of Biospheric Foundation. It will then be followed by Irwell house and the site opposite the building (forest garden).

Forest garden Owned by Urban Splash this site is currently used for forest gardening but part of the future plan is to build residential block on the site.

Irwell House The building is owned by urban splash. It is currently used as a research laboratory for biospheric foundation. The red-marked area of Irwell House will be demolished to make way for the new small scale residential block during early stage of the scheme. The building itself will be given a transformation to accommodate its current function as well as for additional commercial and residential purposes.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

GREENGATE EXCHANGE OVERALL MASTERPLAN

BY FEILDEN CLEGG BRADLEY STUDIOS

SCHEME A. Irwell Waterfront B. Podiums C. House 4 Life Site D. Car Parking E. Collier Street F. Greengate Public Realm G. Abito H. Spectrum

The Exchange Greengate Development Framework was prepared by FCB Studios under a joint commission by Salford City Council, ASK Developments and Network Rail which began in 2004. The vision for the site sought to fundamentally reconnect the historic cores of Salford and Manchester with improved physical links, a network of high quality public realm extending from Manchesterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cathedral Quarter and the creation of a new urban fabric of high quality and high density mixed use development. An accompanying Planning Guidance document was subsequently developed and approved by Salford City Council in 2007 to give further guidance to landowners and developers in the area.

The original masterplan was conceived and designed in a very buoyant economic climate and the anticipated massing, height and potential uses proposed for the site reflect the ambitions of that era. Reviewing the masterplan from a more challenged economic climate has allowed for these ambitions to be Reconsidered to create a framework that can assist in enabling a more robust, deliverable and sustainable quarter that will enhance both of the cities.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

SPRINGFIELD LANE OVERALL MASTERPLAN

BY IAN SIMPSON ARCHITECTS

The scale and massing of the proposed Springfield lane development sensitively responds to the context and reinforces the historical hierarchy of streets and spaces. The design for Springfield Lane was developed from a contextual response to the surrounding topography of site which sets the main part of the development below eye level when viewed from Trinity Way. In terms of scale, this not only creates a visually less obtrusive solution when viewed from Trinity Way and the Exchange Greengate regeneration site, the response also coincides with the adjacent residential district west of Springfield Lane. Whilst this district primarily consists of two to three storey dwellings the exception to this is more recently constructed five storey Springfield Court apartment building which fronts Dean Road. This acts as a counterpoint to the ascending roof line of the proposed development which culminates with a roof lantern over the retail store. Lining through with Springfield Court, the roof lantern sets the upper limit for the scale of the development and acts as a marker.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

BODDINGTON’S BREWERY OVERALL MASTERPLAN

BY HOK ARCHITECTS

The former Boddingtons site is located on the southern edge of the Strangeways Employment Area immediately north of MEN Arena. It is 3 hectares (7.23 acres) in size and is in a highly prominent location along New Bridge Street and Great Ducie Street providing a gateway into North Manchester.

Industrial structures apart from the chimney were demolished and cleared. A temporary planning application has been approved for a commuter car park to enable the site to fulfill a useful function whilst development proposals are being developed.

The £250m redevelopment of the former Boddingtons Brewery site to the north of Manchester’s city centre is a joint venture between Ask Developments and Realty Estates.

Manchester City Council’s executive committee have agreed the development framework for the 7.4-acre site, which is set to include offices, leisure and retail facilities with a hotel, cafes, bars and restaurants and residential units, with underground car parking.

The development was expected to take 10 years to complete.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT

& REGULATION A study on what makes an apartment a comfortable and livable space for people.

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02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT FIRE SAFETY MEANS OF ESCAPE

BUILDING REGULATION PART B (EXTRACT)

Dwellinghouses with one floor more than 4.5m above ground level 2.6 The dwellinghouse may either have a protected stairway as described in (a) below, or the top floor can be separated and given its own alternative escape route as described in (b). a. The upper storeys (those above ground storey) should be served by a protected stairway (protected at all levels) which should either: i. extend to a final exit, see Diagram 2(a); or ii. give access to at least two escape routes at ground level, each delivering to final exits and separated from each other by fire-resisting construction and fire doors, see Diagram 2(b); or b. The top storey should be separated from the lower storeys by fire-resisting construction and be provided with an alternative escape route leading to its own final exit. See Diagram 3.

Dwellinghouses with more than one floor over 4.5m above ground level 2.7 Where a dwellinghouse has two or more storeys with floors more than 4.5m above ground level (typically a dwellinghouse of four or more storeys) then, in addition to meeting the provisions in paragraph 2.6: a. an alternative escape route should be provided from each storey or level situated 7.5m or more above ground level. Where the access to the alternative escape route is via: i. the protected stairway to an upper storey; or ii. a landing within the protected stairway enclosure to an alternative escape route on the same storey; then iii. the protected stairway at or about 7.5m above ground level should be separated from the lower storeys or levels by fire- resisting construction, see Diagram 3; or b. the dwellinghouse should be fitted throughout with a sprinkler system BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

EMERGENCY EGRESS WINDOWS AND EXTERNAL DOORS

2.8 Any window provided for emergency egress purposes and any external door provided for escape should comply with the following conditions: a. the window should have an unobstructed openable area that is at least 0.33m2 and at least 450mm high and 450mm wide (the route through the window may be at an angle rather than straight through). The bottom of the openable area should be not more than 1100mm above the floor; and b. the window or door should enable the person escaping to reach a place free from danger from fire. This is a matter for judgement in each case, but, in general, a courtyard or back garden from which there is no exit other than through other buildings would have to be at least as deep as the dwellinghouse is high to be acceptable, see Diagram 4.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT

OVERALL INTERNAL FLOOR AREAS MINIMUM GROSS INTERNAL FLOOR AREAS IN SQUARE METERS

SPACE STANDARDS FOR HOMES

The government has confirmed plans to introduce a national minimum space standard as part of its attack on regulatory red tape for house builders.

Published on 20 August 2013, the long-awaited consultation on the future of residential design includes the streamlining of technical requirements into a single housing standard. The consultation includes three ‘distinct levels’ of space standards - effectively a gold, silver and bronze system setting minimum requirements for the gross internal floor area of new houses.

The principles behind each Level of the Space Standard can be summarised as follows: • Level 1 Space Standard provides enough space to accommodate the minimum amount of furniture, fittings, activity and circulation space considered necessary to carry out a typical range of daily activities and meet the basic requirements of Level 1 of the Accessibility Standard.

• Level 2 Space Standard provides enough space to accommodate the same furniture and fittings as Level 1 and increase activity and circulation space (both within and between rooms) to cover the additional spatial implications of Level 2 of the Accessibility Standard and a straight stair.

• Level 3 Space Standard provides enough space to accommodate the same furniture and fittings as Levels 1 and 2 and additional space to charge and store a wheelchair, install a home-lift, enlarge the kitchen and bathroom and provide the extra activity and circulation space (both within and between rooms) needed to meet Level 3 of the Accessibility Standard.

BEDROOMS MINIMUM FLOOR AREA IN SQUARE METERS

MINIMUM WIDTH IN METERS

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

STORAGE REFERENCE MINIMUM FLOOR AREA IN FURNITURE FOR USE IN DEMONSTRATING SQUARE METERS COMPLIANCE WITH SPACE STANDARD

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT TYPOLOGIES CLASSIFICATION OF APARTMENT

This section contains examples of the main types of apartment, what are considered to be high quality residential apartment floor plans, and an example of a desirable mix of apartment types.

(Source: The Good Solutions Guide for Apartments)

Number of bedrooms

Studio

One-bedroom

Twin-bedroom

Three-bedroom

Influenced by location, demographics, mix required

Aspect

Single aspect

Corner aspect

Single-storey

Two-storey

Dual aspect

Influenced by site opportunities and constraints, views, orientation, sunlight access, building access system

Number of storeys

Mezzanine or double height spaces

Influenced by location, demographics, desired size of apartments

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

Single Aspect Apartments Horizontal access and the single aspect apartment work well together, whether the corridor is single-loaded or double-loaded.

Single aspect apartment and horizontal access

Single aspect apartment and single loaded corridor

Single aspect apartment and double loaded corridor

Corner Aspect Apartments

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT TYPOLOGIES CLASSIFICATION OF APARTMENT

1. Dual aspect apartment and horizontal access

2. Extra care is needed to provide an adequate level of amenity - natural light, natural ventilation, privacy - to a habitable room facing onto access balcony

3. Dual aspect apartments are not compatible with double loaded corridors, or any variation thereof

4. There should be enough separation/open space between two opposing blocks of dual aspect apartments to allow direct sunlight to enter habitable rooms on the ground floor

Dual Aspect Apartments with Horizontal Access Issues

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

Single-storey apartments: no view from habitable room and narrow access balcony

Single-storey apartments: physical gap & generous access balcony

Single-storey apartments: difference in level & generous access balcony

Examples for improving the amenity value of both the access balcony and the habitable room/bedroom Horizontal access paired with dual aspect apartments is less satisfactory due to a habitable room, usually a bedroom, looking out onto the access balcony. Extra care and effort is necessary at the design stage to ensure an adequate level of amenity for both the habitable room and the circulation running past.

With double loaded corridors, the combination is impossible as the habitable room facing onto the corridor becomes internal. Disconnection of the corridor from the dual aspect apartments to provide a clear void between them is not a desirable solution and should be avoided; adequate daylight access and a reasonable outlook cannot be achieved in the habitable room.

Single-storey apartments: generous access balcony, no conflict between habitable rooms and access balcony

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT APARTMENT LAYOUT SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

Well-organised apartments with functional layouts and all habitable rooms on external walls allowing for daylight access, natural ventilation and aspect/view must be the goal for every apartment design.

living areas bedrooms service areas

Single aspect

Corner aspect

Dual aspect

Mix of single, corner and/or dual aspects

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT

1.0

APARTMENT LAYOUT EXAMPLES

studio, single aspect

2.1

2.2

2.3

one-bed, single aspect

one-bed, single aspect one-bed, single aspect, two-storey with mezzanine

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT APARTMENT LAYOUT EXAMPLES 3.1

one-bed, dual aspect

3.2

3.3

one-bed, dual aspect

one-bed, dual aspect

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

4.1

4.2

two-bed, single aspect

5.1

two-bed, single aspect with ensuite

5.2

two-bed, corner aspect

two-bed, corner aspect with ensuite

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT APARTMENT LAYOUT EXAMPLES

6.1

6.3

two-bed, dual aspect

6.2

two-bed, dual aspect

two-bed and three-bed, dual aspect, two-storey crossover

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

6.4

7.1

three-bed, corner aspect

two-bed, dual aspect, two-storey

7.2

6.5

two-bed, dual aspect with ensuite and study

three-bed, penthouse type

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT APARTMENT LAYOUT MIX

When a variety of apartment types and sizes are provided within a development, not only does it provide greater choice to potential purchasers, it can also adapt more easily to the changing social needs of the occupants.

In this example: 1. Retail unit, with tall ceilings. Access from the street.

2. Single aspect apartment with tall ceilings and large private outdoor space. Access via communal courtyard.

3. Dual aspect apartment accessed from corridor above.

4. Single aspect apartments, with recessed balconies providing protection against the busy street.

5. Single aspect apartment, facing quiet communal courtyard.

6. Dual aspect two-storey crossover apartment.

7. Dual aspect â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;penthouseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; apartment with setback and extra deep balcony to the street.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT ENTRANCES Building main entrances should be visible and easily identifiable from the street and directly accessible from street level. + Building entrances should provide pedestrian shelter. + Apartments at street level should have a street address and the number that have a front door directly accessible from the street should be maximized. + Mailboxes should be easily accessible for mail delivery from the exterior of the building, and secure and conveniently accessible to residents from within the foyer, without obstructing access to lifts, stairs, or impeding general circulation.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT VERTICAL ACCESS

+When practicable, verticle circulations cores should be expressed on at least one exterior face of the building.

This provides natural light within and outlook from the foyers and reduces energy consumption. Foyers so located also provide casual surveillance of the street and assist in varying the facade and reducing the scale of a long building. + Stairs should be easily accessible and inviting, to encourage residents to use stairs in preference to lifts.

This promotes healthy exercise and assists sustainability. + A mix of single, corner and dual aspect apartments may be accommodated on a single floor, allowing a diversity of plans and avoiding long corridors.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

A vertical access arrangement can consist of a single vertical circulation core or multiple verticle circulation cores. a. Slab block with multiple circulation cores, below. b. Point block with a single circulation core, right.

1a. Elevation: Vertical Access

1b. Elevation: Vertical Access

2a. Plan: single aspect apartments

2b. Plan: corner aspect apartments

3a. Plan: a mix of single aspect and dual aspect apartments can be used on each floor

3b. Plan: a mix of single aspect, dual aspect and corner aspect apartments can be used on each floor BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT HORIZONTAL ACCESS

+ Where horizontal access is unavoidable, it should preferably be based upon a single loaded corridor or a skip-stop corridor. Double loaded internal corridors make cross ventilation of apartments difficult and the corridors themselves require artificial lighting and ventilation. + If a double loaded corridor cannot be avoided, the corridor should be oriented north-south so that there are no solely south facing apartments. + Access corridor should be short, wide and have windows at each end to provide natural light and ventilation. + Exterior horizontal access should be designed to provide visual and acoustic privacy for apartment rooms adjacent to the access space. This can be achieved with extra wide access balconies or by pulling the balcony away for the exterior face of the apartment and providing â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bridgesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to the entry doors.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

2b. Plan: double-loaded corridor

2a. Plan: single-loaded corridor

1. Elevation: horizontal access

Horizontal access can be divided into single-loaded corridors (2a, 3a, usually external) and doubleloaded corridors (2b, 3b).

A further variation is the skip-stop arrangement (4a, 4b, 5b).

3a. Section: single-loaded corridor

3b. Section: double-loaded corridor

The skip-stop arrangement (4a, 4b) allows for a variety of apartment types - singlestorey and two-storey, single aspect and dual aspect - within a repetitive structural system.

4a. Section: single-loaded corridor

4b. Section: double-loaded corridor

Further variation with skip-stop arrangement

5b. Section: skip-stop arrangement BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT COMMUNAL OUTDOOR SPACE

+ External space within residential apartment developments should provide a combination of high quality courtyards for ground level apartments and communal passive recreational space for residents. + Where communal space is located on top of basement car parking, provision should be made for trees to grow to their mature height and remain healthy. + High retaining walls should be avoided where possible. Any walls higher than 1m should be stepped at an appropriate and visually attractive height and incorporate planting.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT BALCONIES + All apartments above ground level should be provided with a private balcony directly accessible from the principal living area. + For one and two bedroom apartments, the balcony should have a minimum area of 6m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2m. + For apartments with three or more bedrooms, the balcony should have a minimum area of 9m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2.4m. + Balconies that are private, sheltered and can be used all year round are encouraged. + Balconies that are fully recessed within the overall building form are to be preferred over those that project fully beyond the face of the building. These provide better weather protection and façade articulation. + A hose tap should be provided on each apartmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s principal balcony.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT ACOUSTIC PRIVACY

Apartments should be arranged to minimize noise transmission between apartments by: +Placing living rooms adjacent to living rooms, bedrooms adjacent to bedrooms, and service rooms adjacent to service rooms, both horizontally and vertically. + Utilizing storage or circulation zones to contain noise within the apartment and to buffer noise from adjoining mechanical services or corridors and lobby areas. +Minimizing the number of inter-tenancy (shared) walls between apartments.

‘quiet’ bedrooms located back to back

‘noisy’ living rooms located back to back

service areas - kitchens and bathrooms - act as ‘buffer zone’ separating living and sleeping areas from communal circulation areas and vertical service cores

Note: these principles should apply vertically as well as horizontally

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT NATURAL VENTILATION

+All accommodation should be provided with natural cross ventilation by having window openings facing different directions. Dual aspect and corner apartments are best able to provide such window openings, but shallow depth single aspect apartment can be naturally ventilated in a satisfactory manner. +Notwithstanding any requirements to achieve internal acoustic privacy, ventilation provided solely by mechanical means is discouraged. +Apartments are often uninhabited during the daytime, ventilation elements should be secure and rainproof when left open.

Cross ventilation of rooms set deep in the plan is difficult

Single aspect apartments must be no deeper than one habitable room for cross ventilation to occur

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT DAYLIGHT ACCESS

+ In order to reduce reliance on artificial light and reduce energy consumption, daylight access to apartments should be maximized. + The site layout should orientate buildings to optimize the northerly aspect. + Sunlight access from the north, east and west should be able to be controlled by residents to prevent buildings becoming too hot. + The depth of single aspect apartments should be minimized. + Single aspect apartments with a southerly aspect should be avoided, and where this is not possible the percentage of southerly aspect apartments (south-west through south-east) should not exceed 10% of the total number of apartments in the building. + At least 70% of living rooms and private open spaces in any development should receive a minimum of three hours of sunlight between 9.00am and 3pm in mid-winter.

Increasing sunlight access into the depth of an apartment can be achieved by:

It may also be necessary to control the sunlight access into an apartment. This can be achieved by:

Raising the head height of openings to the ceiling

Using recessed balconies

Increasing the floor to ceiling height

Light shelves

Double height glazing

Louvres

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

03 PASSIVE HOUSE

& TECHNOLOGY

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

HOUSE 03PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY

PRINCIPLES ‘PASSIVHAUS’ = ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARD FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION

1990 -

2001 economic theory - Passivhaus lifetime construction costs - less than that of conventional construction

“A Passivhaus is a building, for which thermal comfort can be achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for additional recirculation of air.”

fastest growing energy performance standard in the world with 30,000 buildings realised to date

ENVIRONMENTAL ETHOS Maintaining a regulated internal micro-climate irrespective of external conditions, whilst accomodating both passive and active solar gain

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

HOUSE 03 PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY

Sample PHPP report

CONDITIONS In order for a building to certify itself as a passivhaus it must meet a set of criteria as delineated by the Passive House Planning Package (UK)

By taking into account the calculated heat losses afforded by the building fabric and considering these against proposed heat gains (solar, internal) a value for energy performance is attained. This must fall below the parameters set by the Passive House Institute

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

HOUSE 03PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY

DATA COLLECTION FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

HOUSE 03 PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY

DISTRIBUTION Showing the distribution of certified passivhaus schemes across europe according to statistics from the International Passivhaus Association

The distribution of passivhaus certified projects as shown by this map implies a clear comparison into which countries have favoured/ adopted the design strategy.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

HOUSE 03PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY

KEY ELEMENTS To achieve all the detailed technical requirements of the PHPP software, the following methods form the fundamentals of passive house design Crucial to successful Passive House design is the symbiotic relationship between building envelope and energy management

BUILDING ENVELOPE

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

INSULATION

HIGH PERFORMANCE DOORS/WINDOWS

GOOD BUILDING COMMISSIONING

APPLICABLE FOR HOT/ COLD CLIMATE

AIRTIGHT CONSTRUCTION

MVHR SYSTEM

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

INSULATION sample sections through passivhaus external envelope construction showing required high ratio of insulative matieral to structural material.

HIGH PERFORMANCE DOORS/WINDOWS These address the first path via which heat is lost from buildings: conduction of heat through the building fabric.

DRAUGHT-FREE CONSTRUCTION This addresses the second path via which heat is lost from buildings: infiltration and exfiltration of air though gaps in the building envelope, otherwise known as draughts.

MVHR SYSTEM Addresses the third way heat is lost from buildings: via the deliberate introduction of fresh air and extraction of stale air for the purpose of ventilation.

“a continuous uninterrupted airtight building envelope”, that can be outlined using the “red pencil method” . This should be identifiable in every sectional representation of the design.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY

& CONSTRUCTION

In creating towards zero-carbon environment or minimal carbon footprints, material chosen in building construction also need to be considered on its sustainability. Durability of material will result in its long lasting usage or lifespan, which can reduce the process of re-manufacturing and producing the material. Hence, reduce the carbon emission. Recyclability and being made from recycled material also being one of the aspects that can minimize carbon footprints. The capability to store carbon also can helps the material to decompose into the environment without emitting carbon. Other properties also may be look into when choosing a sustainable material such as its efficiency in thermal conductivity, insulation and speed and cost in construction process.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES

1. Engineered Timber Product - good structural properties - low environmental impact (where sustainably sourced timber is used) 2. Dry Construction 3. Fast (On-site) 4. Good potential of tightness 5. Robust Wall and Floor Structure 6. Low Weight vs Volume Ratio

PROPERTIES

- practical maximum thickness : 350mm - 400 mm - practical limit of height & width : 3 meters - practical limit of length : 13.5 meters - thermal conductivity : 0.13W/mK - density : 480 - 500 kg/m3 - compressive strength : 2.7 N/mm2 (perpendicular) : 24 - 30 N/mm2 (parallel) - elastic modulus : 370 N/mm2 (perpendicular) : 12,000 N/mm2 (parallel)

CLT vs. GLULAM CLT is formed in a similar fashion to Glulam. CLT differs from Glulam in that it is formed into panels rather than beams.

CLT has been used successfully to build up to 9 storeys in the UK

CARBON STORAGE (timber is sustainably sourced)

As with all plant-based materials, carbon is stored during tree growth and continues to be stored through it use as a building material. At the end of its life, carbon is released either through natural decomposition, returning other nutrients to the soil, or through the generation of heat/energy by burning as fuel, providing a comparatively highly efficient end-of-life treatment.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

SECTION DETAILING OF AN EXAMPLE CLT CONSTRUCTION Tiles on batterns and counter battens, waterproof membrane and CLT panel.

Alternative structure could be trussed rafters This CLT could be omitted with suitable structural design.

Timber fillet fixed to CLT panel. Note this detail creates a thermal bridge in this location - parapet walls or flat roof solutions can avoid this.

Rather than the large screw illustrated here, the base detial could also use a mild steel angle (right-angled bracket) with a grout bedding under the damp-proof course, though the angle would need covering.

As with the base detial, the diagonal screw could again be replaced with a mild steel angle screwed down into the top of the floor panel and into the base of the wall panel. (‘Balloon-framed’ parapet floor panels, suspended off a wall, can be supported either using a mild steel angle or an engineered timber ledger under the floor panel)

CASE STUDY: STADTHAUS, MURRAY GROVE, LONDON A 49 weeks erection.

CLT PANELS - lowering the building’s carbon footprint - better insulated buildign and more airtight - avoid having in-house combined heat and power plant or ground source heat pump - comfortable achieved the required fire resistance

Wall panel anchored to floor panel.

Typical internal wall arrangement.

Floor panel installation.

Floor panel installation.

ADVANTAGES

- renewable material - stores carbon throughout its usable lifespan - avoids thermal bridging (parapet wall/ flat roof) - good delivery of airtight envelope - greater load distribution can reduce thickness of slab - light weight - reduce loads on foundations so less materials with high embodied energy (eg. Concrete) - suitabel for non-visible as well as exposed finished - vapour-permeable wall construction BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION METHOD PROS:

CONS:

• As a renewable material, stores carbon throughout its usable lifespan • Avoids thermal bridging (in parapet walls or flat roof solutions) • Good delivery of airtight envelope • Greater load distribution can reduce thickness of transfer slabs • Light weight reduces load on foundations so less need for materials with high embodied energy (eg concrete) • Need for robust upfront design may improve overall design and efficiency • Robust finished wall will take sundry fixings • Simple and fast onsite construction process • Suitable for non-visible as well as exposed finishes • Vapour-permeable wall construction

• Requires accurately set out groundworks • Requires completed designs ahead of start on site, to allow for offsite manufacture • Requires external cladding or render to provide weatherproof envelope • Use limited to above damp-proof course or equivalent level

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

STEP 1: CUTTING

STEP 2: DELIVERY

The custom designed cross laminated timber panels are cut off site by CNC.

The panels are then delivered to site.

STEP 3: LIFTING

STEP 4: ASSEMBLY

Panels are lifted by machines to desired areas.

The panels are assembled by less workers in in quicker time comparing to conventional construction methods.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION LIGHTWEIGHT FRAME LOADBEARING

This method uses a timber framework that is so light-weight that it cannot stand up alone. It requires temporary bracing and/or the use of acrow props to give it stability until the straw is in place. The straw is an essential part of the structural integrity of the building, more so than the timber, and it works together with the timber to carry the load of floors and roof. Timber posts are located at corners and either side of window and door openings only, and are designed such that the timber wallplate at first floor and/or roof level can be slotted down into them once the straw is in place allowing for compression on the bales. Compression of the strawbale infill walls is essential for stability.To increase stability, the bales are pinned externally, and the pins are secured onto the base and wall plate of the framework once all the settlement of the walls is complete.

PROS: - Framework and posts can be constructed off site.

- Provides greater stability for window and door frames than in the loadbearing style.

- Vastly reduces the amount of timber required compared to the more traditional post and beam method.

CONS: - Greater technical ability is required to make the structure stable whilst the straw is being placed.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION INFILL

POST & BEAM/ TIMBER FRAME In this method, the weight of the roof is carried by a wood, steel, or concrete framework, and the bales are simply infill insulation blocks between the posts. This has often been the preferred option for architects, as the structural concepts are not innovative and rely on an already established method of building, therefore the risk associated with an experimental technique is minimised. There is no need to satisfy oneself of the capacity of the bales to take the weight of the roof, since the framework does this. This method requires a high level of carpentry skill and uses substantially more timber than a loadbearing design, which has significant cost and environmental implications.

PROS: - Framework and posts can be constructed off site.

- Provides greater stability for window frames than in the loadbearing style.

- An already established building method, less risk.

CONS: - It requires a high level of carpentry skill (or metalwork experience in the case of a steel frame) to construct the frames.

- It uses a large amount of timber.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION STRAW-BALE WALL INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES

Use bales of straw as structural elements, building insulation or both: - used in natural building or ‘brown’ construction projects - sustainable material & energy needed for heating and cooling 1. Renewable Nature of Straw 2. Naturally fire-retardant 3. High insulation value 4. Easy availability 5. Low cost

Typically consists of stacking rows of bales (often in running-bond) on a raised footing or foundation, with a moisture barrier or capillary break between the bales and their supporting platform.

PROPERTIES

- practical maximum thickness : 420 mm - 500 mm - thermal conductivity : 0.11 - 0.20 W/m2K - sequestered carbon : 1200 - 1400 kg of atmospheric CO2 - fire retardance : 0.5 - 2 hours - acoustics : 50 - 52 db

CARBON STORAGE

Straw and timber are renewable resources that can provide a continuous renewable supply of building material, replacing high embodied energy (CO2 generating) materials such as steel and concrete As straw and timber grow they absorb CO2 through photosynthesis, keeping the carbon atom to make cellulose and give oxygen atoms back to the atmosphere. This is how the carbon can be ‘banked’ into the structure and fabric of the building.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

SECTION DETAILING OF STRAW BALE CONSTRUCTION

CASE STUDY: WEYDON SECONDARY SCHOOL, SURREY

1. Bales are ‘shived’ or trimmed to a 2. Engineered pre-drilled timber arrives 3. Panel frames are assembled in a standardised size. ‘flat packed’ minimising the embodied flying factory. Often this is on the same carbon resulting from transportation. farm as the source of the straw used in the panels.

junction of exterior wall with roof (sections)

4. Panel frames are assembled in a flying factory. Often this is on the same farm as the source of the straw used in the panels.

junction glazed panel (head and base) 5. Panels are transported on a low loader and delivered to site prerendered with a skim coat and a 2 hour + fire rating.

6. Panels are manuevered using a 7. Panels are filled with locally grown 8. A base coat of lime render is applied crane and lifting straps. A fork lift straw. This is compressed to avoid any directly to the straw using a render gun. loading device can also be used on a settlement.

A further skim coat is applied by hand. flat slab with enough space.

9. Panels are located onto a sole plate. 10. Panels are joined together to 11. Other elements of construction are 12. Panels can be installed with other This also assists when creating an air- create an air-tight detail and maximise quick to install and provide simple, air- elements pre-fitted. tight seal between the base of the panel the integrity of the overall structure. tight detailing. installation and concrete slab.

- 3 weeks to complete wall erection - equal split between external load bearing (straw-bale), internal load bearing walls (solid timber), street ends & roof (timber studwork) junction of exterior wall wuth floor (section)

junction of wall panels to base slab (section)

ADVANTAGES

- excellent thermal properties - reduce emissions generated through the heating and cooling of buildings - low environmental impacts - can provide optimum combination of super insulation and thermal mass BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE (AIRCRETE) INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES

Manufactured in UK using 80% recycled materials (made from a mixture of pulverised fuel ash (PFA), sand, cement, aluminium, and water 1. Durable 2. Variety of size & thickness 3. Superior thermal performance 4. Rapid build time 5. Choices of finishes

Has been used to build houses to each level of the code for sustainable homes. Now normally accepted for social housing and ultimate goal for zero carbon.

PROPERTIES

- lightweight and faster build speed - effective moisture barrier with significant thermal insulation properties - high frost and moisture resistance BELOW GROUND - strength : 2.9N/mm2 OR 3.6N/mm2 - water resistance : micro-cellular structure : tiny air bubbles - thermal performance : 40% saving in U-values CONCRETE BEAM AND BLOCK FLOORING - noise insulation : 40 db EXTERNAL WALLS - thickness - strength

: 150 mm : 2.9N/mm2 - 8.7N/mm2

SOLID WALL CONSTRUCTION - strength

: 2.9N/mm2 - 7.3N/mm2

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

SECTION DETAILING OF AIRCRETE CONSTRUCTION

CASE STUDY: BOURNE END HOUSE SELF BUILD, BUCKS

EXTERNAL WALLS

Celcon Blocks 215mm thick (7N/mm ) joined with traditional mortar and a two cost gypsum plaster finish. The walls were finished externally with 100mm external walll insulation above DPC and 80mm below.

2

INTERNAL WALLS

FLOORS

Screed floors throguhout with underfloor heating and 18mm engineered wood finish in living area. Tiling was used in bathrooms, en-suites , kitchen and utility room.

WINDOWS

Internorm triple-glazed composite Ground and first floor non load bearing windows in aluminium and timber walls constructed with Celcon Blocks were used. Front and side doors were plaster finish. aluminium and the patio were PVCU.

- simplifies the construction process - block-work is highly adaptable, easily allowing for any last minute deisgn changes - has excellent fire resistance BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTION METHOD Aircrete can be used to construct walls or foundations. The blocks are manufactured offsite and are then delivered to site, in order to be assembled manually. Its construction methods are similar to traditional brick work.

PROS: - Workability allows accurate cutting, which minimizes the generation of solid waste during use.

- Resource efficiency gives it lower environmental impact in all phases of its life cycle, from processing of raw materials to the disposal of waste.

- Light weight saves cost & energy in transportation.

- Light weight saves labor expenses.

- Larger size leads to faster masonry work.

External Wall Detail

Foundation Detail

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTION METHOD Insulating Concrete Form or Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) is a system of formwork for reinforced concrete that stays in place as a permanent interior and exterior substrate for walls, floors, and roofs. The forms are interlocking modular units that are dry-stacked (without mortar) and filled with concrete. The forms lock together somewhat like Lego bricks and serve to create a form for the structural walls or floors of a building. ICF construction has become commonplace for both low rise commercial and high performance residential construction as more stringent energy efficiency and natural disaster resistant building codes are adopted.

PROS: - Less demanding than traditional concrete building methods - Less labour skills required due to modularity - No additional structural support other than temporary scaffolding is required for openings, doors, windows, or utilities - Quicker than traditional concrete pouring methods

CONS: - Requires more space than traditional concrete construction

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION HEMCRETE/ HEMPCRETE INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES

Mixture of Hemp Hurds (Shives) and lime (used as material for construction and insulation) 1. High Thermal Resistance 2. Adjustable Thickness 3. Low Air Infiltration 4. Durable & Recyclable 5. Accommodates different structural system

PROPERTIES

- nominal dried density - thermal conductivity - vapour diffusion resistance - heat capacity - air permeability - vapour permeability

: 275kg/m3 : 0.05W/mK - 0.07W/mK : 4.84 : 1500 - 1700 J/kg : 0.75 gm/m2/mm hg : 24.2 gm/m2/mm hg

CARBON STORAGE

Hemcrete absorbs CO2 in its creation. A 300mm wall locks up around 40kg CO2 for every m2 of wall, whereas a typical brick and block cavity wall will create in its manufacture around 100 kg of CO2 per m2 of wall. Using Hemcrete can reduce the embodied CO2 emitted in the construction of the house by as much 40%.

Easier to work with than traditional lime mixes. Acts as an insulator and moisture regulator.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

SECTION DETAILING OF HEMCRETE CONSTRUCTION

ADVANTAGES

- very low energy costs om use - simple to achieve high level of airtightness - recyclable and locally produced (UK) - high performance fire resistance

CASE STUDY: ECO VILLAGE CLOUGH JORDAN, IRELAND

2 storeys gabled house with lower level out-shot.

Construction consisted of prefab timber frame encased with 300mm of Hemcrete.

Ground floor walls, intermediate floor (prefab floor panels) and upper walls were erected by experienced team within 2 days.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION PRE-FABRICATION SYSTEM ADVANTAGES

Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s have a look at the common advantages of pre-fabricated construction, comparing to a traditional sitebuild method:

LOWER COST

FASTER

GREENER

The cost of pre-fab can be significantly lower than traditional site-build, as the parts are standardised and made off site in a controlled environment.

The construction speed of pre-fab buildings can be a lot quicker than sitebuild, again due to the fact that the parts are standardised.

Due to the pre-fab parts being made off site in a controlled environment, a lot of construction waste is reduced comparing to the conventional sitebuild building.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION CASE STUDY - MODCELL ‘The ModCell® system utilises the excellent thermal insulation qualities of straw bale and hemp construction to form prefabricated panels. ModCell® allows superinsulated, high-performance, low energy ‘passive’ buildings to be built using renewable, locally sourced, carbon sequestering, sustainable building materials.’

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION DISADVANTAGES Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s take a look at the cons of using a pre-fabricated system, comparing to a conventional sitebuild method.

A prefab/sitebuild hybrid structure is, as suggested in the title, a mix between prefab and sitebuild. In other words, the building will contain both custom and standardised parts.

FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES

LIMITED CUSTOMISATION

CHEAPER THAN FULL SITEBUILD

MORE CUSTOMISA

One of the major problems when using a prefab system in construction is that currently banks are spektical of it, and are less likely to give out a loan.

Due to standardisation, a drawback is that the design of the building is limited in terms of the level of customisation.

As expected, a hybrid building will be cheaper than a full sitebuild, but more expensive than a full prefab building.

A hybrid building has customisation option than prefab building, but less th full sitebuild building.

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION

ATION

more a full han a

CASE STUDY - BRIARD RESIDENCE ‘Take prefabricated panels, add a dose of ingenuity, and a desire for an extremely green home and you get this half-prefab, half-custom Culver City home, designed

by Sander Architects. Not only does the house play host to eco-friendly details that makes it sustainable inside and out– but its acoustically-tuned-to-concert-perfection interior provides owner Thomas Small the ability to play chamber music with perfect resonance. The 4,200-square-foot home uses a prefabricated structure that was assembled on-site and then outfitted with necessary trim, plumbing, and interior fixings for a grand total of $528,000, about a third of an architect-designed home in the Los Angeles area.’

- Archdaily

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

05 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & CRITERIA

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

CONSIDERATIONS 05 DESIGN & CRITERIA

DIAGRAM STUDIES To create a viable design solution, all of passive and sustainable consideration combined with the client’s expectation are gathered and pointed out. Some basic and general passive design are to be the guideline for the scheme. Main client’s needs and expectation also need to be the requirements indeveloping the design

1. OVERLOOKING

4. MAXIMISING DAYLIGHTING

2. SUSTAINABLE CERTIFIED

3. ACCESSIBILITY

5. UNITS NUMBER

6. INTERIOR COMFORT

BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

CONSIDERATIONS 05 DESIGN & CRITERIA

CLIENT BRIEF Following a meeting with the client, Vincent Walsh and his lawyer Nikki, we established 6 key criteria which were desirable in the proposal.

1. Solar Capture. For the design to be dictated by the solar capture.

2. To have an ecology that runs throughout the building, to allow the residents to integrate and co-evolve with the environment.

3. An access route that runs through the site from the north side to the east side, toward the future developments.

4. To consider energy efficiency.

5. To incorporate a distinguishable feature, to brand it as ‘biospheric’.

1. SOLAR CAPTURE

2. INTEGRATED ECOLOGY

3. DOUBLE ACCESS

£

6. The allow for future adaptability and flexibility.

4. LOW ENERGY BILLS

5. DISTINGUISHABLE 6. ADAPTABLE FEATURE BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |

event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

7/5/2014

Collaboration with Manchester Scho... - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

Collaboration with Manchester School of Architecture

Collaboration with Manchester Scho... - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MA

Collaboration with Manchester School of Architectu

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Mon 03/03/2014 16:42

Mon 03/03/2014 17:03

To:scrap@grumpy.org.uk



<scrap@grumpy.org.uk>; salford@grumpy.org.uk <salford@grumpy.org.uk>;

To:contact-dpr-gb@gbr.dupont.com <contact-dpr-gb@gbr.dupont.com>;



1 attachment

EVENT 19.docx;

1 attachment

EVENT 19.docx;

Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to you in regard to the upcoming events month called Crossings (30th April - 16th May) organised by Master of Architecture students from Manchester School of Architecture (msa). Prior to this occasion there are a number of events planned with different briefs and responding to various themes related to architecture. These events will be participated by undergraduate students from architecture and landscape architecture course. For more information on this programme please refer to the link below, a website created for the same programme last year : http://crossings.msa.ac.uk/ We have came up with an event titled 'wearable shelter' in which participants are required to produce their own garment that could transform into a shelter. Please find attached the proposal for this event. We would like to know if you are interested to be one of our collaborators in sponsoring materials used during the event. The way we are intending to do this is to design around available materials and we are not only looking at fabric-based materials but all kind of materials especially recycled ones. Part of our agenda is to promote cradle-to-cradle design approach by using scrap materials and going through your website, we are very much interested in the idea behind Grumpy and we think you are the perfect collaborator for this event.

In exchange for this sponsorship we will gladly print your name and logo on one of the exhibition boards during the final exhibition at the end of this programme. There's a big possibility that we would be publishing a book on all the events and there will also be a blog created for publicity purpose, as well as getting press coverage. We would be mentioning all of our sponsors in all forms of publications.

It would be an honour to have the opportunity to collaborate with Grumpy and we are hoping to hear from you soon.

Regards, Dayang Maamon

APPENDIX

I am writing to you in regard to the upcoming events month called Crossings organised by Master of Architecture students from Manchester School of Archite occasion there are a number of events planned with different briefs and respo related to architecture. These events will be participated by undergraduate studen landscape architecture course. For more information on this programme please r website created for the same programme last year : http://crossings.msa.ac.uk/

We have came up with an event titled 'wearable shelter' in which participants their own garment that could transform into a shelter. Please find attached the pr would like to know if you are interested to be one of our collaborators in sponsori the event. The way we are intending to do this is to design around available mate looking at fabric-based materials but all kind of potential materials with differe We've gone through your website and some of your products such as Tyvek has t the materials that can be used by students during this design workshop.

In exchange for this sponsorship we will gladly print your name and logo on one during the final exhibition at the end of this programme. There's a big possi publishing a book on all the events and there will also be a blog created for pub getting press coverage. We would be mentioning all of our sponsors in all forms o

It would be an honour to have the opportunity to collaborate with you and we are soon.

Regards, Dayang Maamon

Year 1 Master of Architecture (MArch) Manchester School of Architecture https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

Dear Sir/Madam,

Year 1 Master of Architecture (MArch) 1/2

https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NT

AAMON

ure

(30th April - 16th May) ecture (msa). Prior to this onding to various themes nts from architecture and refer to the link below, a

7/5/2014

Collaboration with Manchester Scho... - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

Collaboration with Manchester School of Architecture

Chu email - abakhan - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Chu email - abakhan

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

CHU HUAN TAN

Mon 03/03/2014 17:13

Wed 07/05/2014 13:39

To:info@whaleysltd.co.uk



<info@whaleysltd.co.uk>;

To:DAYANG FATIN



1 attachment

NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

1 attachment

EVENT 19.docx;

EVENT 19.docx;

Dear Sir/Madam,

From: CHU HUAN TAN Sent: Monday, March 03, 2014 4:34 PM To: enquiries@abakhan.co.uk Subject: Collaboration

I am writing to you in regard to the upcoming events month called Crossings (30th April - 16th May) organised by Master of Architecture students from Manchester School of Architecture (msa). Prior to this occasion there are a number of events planned with different briefs and responding to various themes related to architecture. These events will be participated by undergraduate students from architecture and landscape architecture course. For more information on this programme please refer to the link below, a website created for the same programme last year : http://crossings.msa.ac.uk/

To whom it may concern, We are a group of 3 postgraduate students from the Manchester School of Architecture (MSA), looking to invite you to be involved in our exciting and meaningful project. It is an events programme for undergraduate students which MSA have ran successfully for the past seven years. For more information, below is a link to MSA events programme in 2013.

s are required to produce roposal for this event. We ing materials used during erials and we are not only ent properties ie. plastic. the potential to be one of

We have came up with an event titled 'wearable shelter' in which participants are required to produce their own garment that could transform into a shelter. Please find attached the proposal for this event. We would like to know if you are interested to be one of our collaborators in sponsoring materials used during the event. The way we are intending to do this is to design around available materials and we are not only looking at fabric-based materials but all kind of potential materials with different properties ie. plastic. We could do with scrap fabric or fabric from your old stock as part of the agenda is to encourage students to use scrap materials, adopting cradle-to-cradle design approach.

e of the exhibition boards ibility that we would be blicity purpose, as well as of publications.

In exchange for this sponsorship we will gladly print your name and logo on one of the exhibition boards during the final exhibition at the end of this programme. There's a big possibility that we would be publishing a book on all the events and there will also be a blog created for publicity purpose, as well as getting press coverage. We would be mentioning all of our sponsors in all forms of publications.

The long-established Abakhan supplies a vast range of fabrics and sewing accessories, thus​ it would be our pleasure to collaborate with you. We are hoping to have Abakhan Manchester to support our students (approximately 14 of them) with second hand or clearance materials, particularly looking at waterproof fabric. As collaborator, Abakhan will be named in exhibition and all publications.

e hoping to hear from you

It would be an honour to have the opportunity to collaborate with you and we are hoping to hear from you soon.

Thank you and hope to hear from you soon.

Regards, Dayang Maamon

Yours sincerely, ChuHuan Tan Tel: 07462006005 Manchester School of Architecture

TVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB… 1/2

Year 1 Master of Architecture (MArch) https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

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http://crossings.msa.ac.uk This year the programme will run from 30th April until 16th May. For our group's event, which is called 'Wearable Shelter', the brief requires students to think creatively by merging architecture and fashion in one piece of artwork. The outputs of the event will be put together in exhibition and publication (internet and media). Please find attached the proposal of our event.

https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

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event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

7/5/2014

Chu email - fred aldous - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

Chu email - fred aldous

Event 19 - Wearable Shelter - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMO

Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

CHU HUAN TAN

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Wed 07/05/2014 13:39

Thu 27/02/2014 01:17

To:DAYANG FATIN



NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

To:a.shaw@mmu.ac.uk



1 attachment

EVENT 19.docx;

<a.shaw@mmu.ac.uk>;

1 attachment

EVENT 19.docx;

Dear Dr. Annie Shaw,

From: CHU HUAN TAN Sent: Thursday, February 27, 2014 1:07 AM To: sales@fredaldous.net Subject: Collaboration

I am writing to you in regard to the upcoming events month called Crossings organised by Master of Architecture students from Manchester School of Archite occasion there are a number of events planned with different briefs and respo related to architecture. These events will be participated by undergraduate studen landscape architecture course. For more information on this event please refer to created for the same programme last year :

To whom it may concern, We are a group of 3 postgraduate students from the Manchester School of Architecture (MSA), looking to invite you to be involved in our exciting and meaningful project. It is an events programme for undergraduate students which MSA have ran successfully for the past seven years. For more information, below is a link to MSA events programme in 2013.

http://crossings.msa.ac.uk/

http://crossings.msa.ac.uk This year the programme will run from 30th April until 16th May. For our group's event, which is called 'Wearable Shelter', the brief requires students to think creatively by merging architecture and fashion in one piece of artwork. The outputs of the event will be put together in exhibition and publication (internet and media). Please find attached the proposal of our event.

The long-established Fred Aldous supplies over 25,000 products catering to the complete arts and crafts spectrum, and​ it would be our pleasure to collaborate with you. We are hoping to have the collaborators to support us with cash vouchers (a fixed amount voucher for each student that is in our event group, approximately 14 students). Collaborators will be named in exhibition and all publications.

Thank you and hope to hear from you soon.

We have came up with an event titled 'wearable shelter' in which participants their own garment that could transform into a shelter. Please find attached the This is not the final proposal as we are still in the process of looking for collabo have the honour to invite you to give a talk that relates to the topic 'wearabl welcome to advise us on any part of the brief or any suggestion to improve the p talk would most probably take place during the first week of the event. We would could spend some of your time to do the talk. If you are not be able to do this, p an experienced speaker in related field. We could arrange for a meeting if you w about the event.

Thank you in advance and hope to hear from you soon.

Regards, Dayang Maamon

Yours sincerely, ChuHuan Tan

APPENDIX

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ON

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chu email - dr annie room booking

Chu email - room booking CHU HUAN TAN

Wed 07/05/2014 13:41

Wed 07/05/2014 13:40

NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

To:DAYANG FATIN

________________________________________ From: CHU HUAN TAN Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2014 4:27 PM To: a.shaw@mmu.ac.uk Subject: Room booking

s are required to produce e proposal for this event. orators. We would like to le shelter'. You are most planning of the event. The really appreciate it if you please, could you suggest would like to have a chat

Chu email - room booking - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

CHU HUAN TAN

To:DAYANG FATIN

(30th April - 16th May) ecture (msa). Prior to this onding to various themes nts from architecture and the link below, a website

TVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

chu email - dr annie room booking - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

From: Timetable Enquiries Art & Design <Timetable-ad@mmu.ac.uk> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2014 9:51 AM To: CHU HUAN TAN Subject: RE: Room Booking in Chatham Building

Dear Dr. Annie Shaw,

Hi

I am ChuHuan from the Wearable Shelter event. I have booked a room for the talk and it can house 50, so it should be fine if there are more students coming. Below are the details for the room.

Activity B 2014.05.02 Chu Huan Tan Description: Architecture talk ( MA In Architecture) Teaching week pattern: 39 Teaching week dates: 2/05/14 Duration: 3.00 Hours Time: Fri 10:00 - 13:00; Planned Size: 50 Locations: CH312 (Formerly 303)

That’s no problem. It is now scheduled in CH312 on Thursday 1st May. Cheers Hannah HLSS & A+D Timetable Officer (Resources) Manchester Metropolitan University Timetabling Services Ormond Building, Room 1.04 0161 247 1753

Thank you.

Best regards, Chu Manchester School of Architecture

From: CHU HUAN TAN [mailto:CHU.H.TAN@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 26 March 2014 18:22 To: Timetable Enquiries Art & Design Subject: RE: Room Booking in Chatham Building

Dear Caroline, I am sorry I made a mistake on the date. Could I change the booking date to 1st May 2014 Thursday?

Again I am sorry for the inconvenience.

Best regards, Chu Huan Tan 09313391 Manchester School of Architecture

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event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

7/5/2014

Chu email - room booking - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

From: Timetable Enquiries Art & Design <Timetable-ad@mmu.ac.uk> Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2014 12:44 PM To: CHU HUAN TAN Subject: RE: Room Booking in Chatham Building Hi Chu I have booked you into Chatham 312 for Friday 2nd May from 10.00-1.00. This is the only room in Chatham that could hold 30.

Activity B 2014.05.02 Chu Huan Tan Description: Architecture talk ( MA In Architecture) Teaching week pattern: 39 Teaching week dates: 2/05/14 Duration: 3.00 Hours Time: Fri 10:00 - 13:00; Planned Size: 50 Locations: CH312 (Formerly 303)

Thanks Caroline.

From: CHU HUAN TAN [mailto:CHU.H.TAN@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 03 March 2014 16:03 To: Hannah Gee

7/5/2014

Events Month - Sponsorship Issue - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAA

Events Month - Sponsorship Issue DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON Mon 17/03/2014 13:22 To:L.Sanderson@mmu.ac.uk <L.Sanderson@mmu.ac.uk>;

Dear Laura,

I am writing on behalf of the coordinators of Event 19 (wearable shelter). We got Grumpy (Greater Manchester Play Resource Unit) to invite them as our sponsor/co that they are interested in collaborating with us. Please refer to the link below to http://www.grumpy.org.uk/​

The only issue is that MSA would need to renew its membership with Grumpy to f accessibility to their scrapstore. We are not very sure who to contact in regard to since we have to pay an amount of 35 pounds for non-voluntary organisation (not could you direct us to a person who's in charge of this?

Regards, Dayang Maamon

Subject: Room Booking in Chatham Building

Dear Hannah Gee, I am Tan Chu Huan, a postgraduate student in Manchester School of Architecture. I would like to book a room in Chatham Building on 2nd May 2014, from 10am to 1pm for a talk. This room should be able to house around 30 people and has a LCD display screen. Please advise.

Thank you.

Yours sincerely, Chu Huan Manchester School of Architecture "Before acting on this email or opening any attachments you should read the Manchester Metropolitan University email disclaimer available on its website http://www.mmu.ac.uk/emaildisclaimer " "Before acting on this email or opening any attachments you should read the Manchester Metropolitan University email disclaimer available on its website http://www.mmu.ac.uk/emaildisclaimer "

APPENDIX

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https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NT

AMON

7/5/2014

Events Month Sponsorship Issue - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

Events Month Sponsorship Issue

Flyer - Wearable Shelter Exhibition - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Flyer - Wearable Shelter Exhibition

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Mon 24/03/2014 10:25

Wed 16/04/2014 12:55

To:Gillian Ward <G.Ward@mmu.ac.uk>;



To:Ruth Northall <ruthn@grumpy.org.uk>;



1 attachment

1 attachment

EVENT 19.doc;

flyer1.jpg;

in touch recently with ollaborator and it seems their website.

Dear Ms Gillian Ward,

Hello, Apologies for the delay. Please find attached the flyer for the exhibition. Let us know what do you think of it and if there's any additional info that you would like us to include on the flyer.

urther partnership and this membership renewal t as individuals).​ Please

I am writing to you in regard to the upcoming events month called Crossings (30th April - 16th May) organised by Master of Architecture students from Manchester School of Architecture (msa). Prior to this occasion there are a number of events planned with different briefs and responding to various themes related to architecture. These events will be participated by undergraduate students from architecture and landscape architecture course. I've included a link to a website created for the same programme last year :

TVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

Regards, Dayang

http://crossings.msa.ac.uk/ We have came up with an event titled 'wearable shelter' in which participants are required to produce their own garment that could transform into a shelter. Please find attached the proposal for this event to get a glimpse of what we will be doing.

We got in touch recently with Grumpy (Greater Manchester Play Resource Unit) to invite them as our sponsor/collaborator and it seems that they are interested in collaborating with us. The link below will direct you to their website : http://www.grumpy.org.uk/​ The only issue is that MSA would need to renew its membership with Grumpy to further partnership and accessibility to their scrapstore. We are not very sure who to contact in regard to this membership renewal since we have to pay an amount of 35 pounds for non-voluntary organisation (not as individuals).​ Please could you direct us to a person who's in charge of this?

Regards, Dayang Maamon Year 1 MArch Manchester School of Architecture

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event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

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FW: Events Month Sponsorship Issue - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

FW: Events Month Sponsorship Issue

RE: Collaboration with Manchester ... - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG M

RE: Collaboration with Manchester School of Archit

Karen Parkinson <K.Parkinson@mmu.ac.uk>

Info <Info@whaleysltd.co.uk>

Mon 24/03/2014 14:56

Tue 04/03/2014 08:36

To:DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

To:DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk

Cc:Gillian Ward <G.Ward@mmu.ac.uk>;



Dear Dayang

1 attachment

Many thanks for your email requesting sponsorship / donations. As I am sure you can ima

EVENT 19.doc;

requests, and regretfully the company has been obliged to adopt a 'no sponsorship' policy.

Dear Dayang

May we take this opportunity to wish you much success in your event.

I have requested that we set-up an account with Grumpy for the MSA and as soon as it is live, I will be able to take out membership for the School. I will let you know when this has been actioned.

Kind Regards

Thanks

Chantel Fenton Sales Office Supervisor Whaleys (Bradford) Limited Harris Court Great Horton Bradford BD7 4EQ Tel: 01274 576718 Fax : 01274 521309

Karen Ms Karen Parkinson Administrative Assistant Programme Team 4 Manchester School of Architecture and Design Department (Promotion and Simulation) Student and Academic Services Manchester Metropolitan University Chatham Building Grosvenor Street Manchester M15 6BR Tel: 0161 247 1001/6950

Email: Chantel.Fenton@Whaleysltd.co.uk Website: www.Whaleys.co.uk

From: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON [mailto:DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@ Sent: 03 March 2014 17:14 To: Info Subject: Collaboration with Manchester School of Architecture

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to you in regard to the upcoming events month called Crossings (30t

APPENDIX

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https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04N

MAAMON

7/5/2014

RE: Collaboration with Manchester ... - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

RE: Collaboration with Manchester School of Architecture

tecture

RE: Collaboration with Manchester School of Architecture

Ruth Northall <ruthn@grumpy.org.uk>

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Thu 06/03/2014 11:20

Thu 06/03/2014 22:09

To:DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

k>;

RE: Collaboration with Manchester ... - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON



To:Ruth Northall <ruthn@grumpy.org.uk>;



2 attachments

2 attachments

Membership V2.00.pdf; Additional Membership V2.00.pdf;

EVENT 19.doc; EVENT 19.pdf;

Hi Dayang

Hello,

Thank you for your email – we would be pleased to collaborate with MSA’s project ‘Crossings’, it sounds exciting.

I could not see your proposal link or attachment, so is it possible for you to re-send it? MSA would need to renew the membership with Grumpy to further partnership and accessibility to our Scrapstore, please visit our website http://www.grumpy.org.uk/membership for application form. Perhaps we should discuss the project in details, happy to meet.

Speak soon.

Thank you for your reply. We are very happy to know that you are interested in collaborating with us. Please find attached the proposal for the event both in Word Doc and Pdf format. I agree that the best thing to do now is to meet up and further discuss the event. Please advise us as to the best date, time and place for a meeting.

agine, we do receive several

Kind Regards,

From: Ruth Northall <ruthn@grumpy.org.uk> Sent: 06 March 2014 11:19 To: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON Subject: RE: Collaboration with Manchester School of Architecture

Ruth

Ruth Northall Play Training Education Manager

Hi Dayang Thank you for your email – we would be pleased to collaborate with MSA’s project ‘Crossings’, it sounds exciting.

I could not see your proposal link or attachment, so is it possible for you to re-send it? MSA would need to renew the membership with Grumpy to further partnership and accessibility to our Scrapstore, please visit our website http://www.grumpy.org.uk/membership for application form. Perhaps we should discuss the project in details, happy to meet.

Speak soon.

Making Waste Things ... Play Things!

Website | Facebook | Twitter Unit 14-16 Orchard Street Ind. Estate, Alderson St, Salford, M6 6FL t : 0161 737 1644 • f : 0161 737 1372 • e : ruthn@grumpy.org.uk Greater Manchester Play Resources Unit.

Registered Children's Charity: 510740 | Trading Subsidiary : House of Grumpy Ltd.

@stu.mmu.ac.uk]

Kind Regards,

Ruth

Ruth Northall Play Training Education Manager

From: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON [mailto:DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 03 March 2014 16:42 To: scrap@grumpy.org.uk; salford@grumpy.org.uk Subject: Collaboration with Manchester School of Architecture

th April - 16th May)

NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

Regards, Dayang

Making Waste Things ... Play Things!

Dear Sir/Madam, 1/2

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event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

7/5/2014

Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

RE: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk>

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Thu 27/02/2014 09:09

Thu 27/02/2014 11:13

To:DAYANG FATIN

NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

To:Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk>;

Dear Annie,

Hello Dayang That's an interesting proposition which certainly fits in around my current research interests.

Before we proceed any further could you give me some possible dates?

Also which tutor are you working with?

How many students are working on this?

Yes I agree the next best thing would be for us to meet up and discuss, provided the dates are OK I should be able to do a talk Let me know Regards Annie

Thank you for your quick reply. There's no specific tutor that we are working with, tutor in charge is Laura Sanderson, a tutor from Manchester School of Architecture responsible to make sure every event will be running smooth. ​

Regarding the possible dates, I would say between 30th April-2nd May, during the

Dr Annie Shaw Principal Lecturer Director of Studies, Design MIRIAD Design Research Centre Leader

There is no specific number of students, I will confirm with Laura as soon as poss that it will not be more than 20 participants.

We would be able to meet up on Monday (3rd March) for a discussion. Please sug the venue convenient to you.

RM CH 215 Chatham Building Cavendish Street Manchester M15 6BR Tel: 0161 247 3542

Regards, Dayang

Before acting on this email or opening any attachments you should read the Manchester Metropolitan University" s email disclaimer on its website: Http://www.mmu.ac.uk/emaildisclaimer

On 27 Feb 2014, at 01:17, "DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON" <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk> wrote:

Dear Dr. Annie Shaw,

I am writing to you in regard to the upcoming events month called Crossings (30th April - 16th May) organised by Master of Architecture students from Manchester School of Architecture (msa). Prior to this occasion there are a number of events planned with different briefs and responding to various themes related to architecture. These events will be participated by https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

From: Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk> Sent: 27 February 2014 09:09 To: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON Subject: Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

Hello Dayang That's an interesting proposition which certainly fits in around my current researc Before we proceed any further could you give me some possible dates?

Also which tutor are you working with?

How many students are working on this?

Yes I agree the next best thing would be for us to meet up and discuss, provided t be able to do a talk Let me know Regards Annie

Sent from my iPad

APPENDIX

RE: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAM

Dr Annie Shaw Principal Lecturer Director of Studies, Design MIRIAD Design Research Centre Leader 1/2

https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NT

MON

7/5/2014

Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

e first week of the event.

sible, but it's safe to say

Sun 02/03/2014 01:18

NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

Hello again Dayang I can et you on Monday at 1.30 Shall I come up to Architecture which floor are you on?

Regards Annie Dr Annie Shaw Principal Lecturer Director of Studies, Design MIRIAD Design Research Centre Leader Sent from my iPhone

Dear Annie,

Regarding the possible dates, I would say between 30th April-2nd May, during the first week of the event.

the dates are OK I should

There is no specific number of students, I will confirm with Laura as soon as possible, but it's safe to say that it will not be more than 20 participants.

We would be able to meet up on Monday (3rd March) for a discussion. Please suggest the time as well as the venue convenient to you.

Regards, 1/3

RE: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

Fri 28/02/2014 17:25

Thank you for your quick reply. There's no specific tutor that we are working with, but for all the events the tutor in charge is Laura Sanderson, a tutor from Manchester School of Architecture. She's the one responsible to make sure every event will be running smooth. ​

ch interests.

RE: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

On 27 Feb 2014, at 11:13, "DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON" <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk> wrote:

ggest the time as well as

7/5/2014

Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk>

To:DAYANG FATIN

, but for all the events the re. She's the one

TVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB… 1/4

To:Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk>;

Hello, 1.30 sounds great but our studio space will be occupied by 1st-year on Monday. Could I suggest your office instead?

Regards, Dayang From: Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk> Sent: 28 February 2014 17:25 To: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON Subject: Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

Hello again Dayang I can et you on Monday at 1.30 Shall I come up to Architecture which floor are you on?

Regards Annie Dr Annie Shaw Principal Lecturer Director of Studies, Design MIRIAD Design Research Centre Leader Sent from my iPhone On 27 Feb 2014, at 11:13, "DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON" <DAYANG.F.ABANGMAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk> wrote: Dear Annie, Thank you for your quick reply. There's no specific tutor that we are working with, but for all the events the tutor in charge is Laura Sanderson, a tutor from Manchester School of Architecture. She's the one responsible to make sure every event will be running smooth. ​ Regarding the possible dates, I would say between 30th April-2nd May, during the first week of the event. https://pod51036.outlook.com/owa/#viewmodel=ReadMessageItem&ItemID=AAMkAGMxOGVhMTY5LWRmNGEtNDU2ZC04NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

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event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

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Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

RE: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMO

RE: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk>

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Mon 03/03/2014 09:39

Mon 03/03/2014 10:47

To:DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

To:Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk>;

Hello Dayang Can I meet you at 2.00 instead ? on the sofas outside the lifts on the 5th floor, Chatham Regards Annie

​Hello,

Dr Annie Shaw Principal Lecturer Director of Studies, Design MIRIAD Design Research Centre Leader

Regards, Dayang

We'll be there at 2.00. See you soon.

From: Annie Shaw <A.Shaw@mmu.ac.uk> Sent: 03 March 2014 09:39 To: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON Subject: Re: Event 19 - Wearable Shelter

RM CH 215 Chatham Building Cavendish Street Manchester M15 6BR Tel: 0161 247 3542 Before acting on this email or opening any attachments you should read the Manchester Metropolitan University" s email disclaimer on its website: Http://www.mmu.ac.uk/emaildisclaimer

Hello Dayang Can I meet you at 2.00 instead ? on the sofas outside the lifts on the 5th floor, Cha Regards Annie Dr Annie Shaw Principal Lecturer Director of Studies, Design MIRIAD Design Research Centre Leader

Sent from my iPa On 2 Mar 2014, at 01:18, "DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON" <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk> wrote:

RM CH 215 Chatham Building Cavendish Street Manchester M15 6BR Tel: 0161 247 3542

Hello,

1.30 sounds great but our studio space will be occupied by 1st-year on Monday. Could I suggest your office instead?

Before acting on this email or opening any attachments you should read the Manch University" s email disclaimer on its website: Http://www.mmu.ac.uk/emaildisclaimer

Regards, Dayang

APPENDIX

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ON

7/5/2014

Re: Events Month - Sponsorship Issue - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

RE: Flyer - Wearable Shelter Exhibition

Re: Events Month - Sponsorship Issue Laura Sanderson <L.Sanderson@mmu.ac.uk>

Ruth Northall <ruthn@grumpy.org.uk>

Wed 19/03/2014 11:54

Wed 16/04/2014 15:05

To:DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

To:DAYANG FATIN

Dear Dayang,

Hi there Brilliant leaflet – can you add after the sub venue: Grumpy in the City, Brazennose House ….. etc Do you plan to add anything on a website – we can and if so, add our website address www.grumpy.org.uk Speak soon.

This sounds very interesting.

I would ask Gillian Ward <G.Ward@mmu.ac.uk> in the office who should be able to point you in the right direction.

Ruth

Laura.

Ruth Northall Play Training Education Manager

BA(Hons) B(Arch) Dip. Professional Practice RIBA Senior Lecturer // Head BA 01

atham

VhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQB…

NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

Kind Regards,

Best wishes,

Making Waste Things ... Play Things!

Manchester School of Architecture Chatham Building Cavendish Street Manchester M15 6BR United Kingdom

Website | Facebook | Twitter Unit 14-16 Orchard Street Ind. Estate, Alderson St, Salford, M6 6FL t : 0161 737 1644 • f : 0161 737 1372 • e : ruthn@grumpy.org.uk Greater Manchester Play Resources Unit.

Registered Children's Charity: 510740 | Trading Subsidiary : House of Grumpy Ltd.

Before acting on this email or opening any attachments you should read the Manchester Metropolitan University's email disclaimer available on its website: http://www.mmu.ac.uk/emaildisclaimer

From: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON [mailto:DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk]

From: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk> Date: Monday, 17 March 2014 13:22 To: MMU MMU <l.sanderson@mmu.ac.uk> Subject: Events Month - Sponsorship Issue

hester Metropolitan

RE: Flyer - Wearable Shelter Exhib... - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Sent: 16 April 2014 12:56 To: Ruth Northall Subject: Flyer - Wearable Shelter Exhibition

Dear Laura,

Hello,

I am writing on behalf of the coordinators of Event 19 (wearable shelter). We got in touch recently with Grumpy (Greater Manchester Play Resource Unit) to invite them as our sponsor/collaborator and it seems that they are interested in collaborating with us. Please refer to the link below to their website.

Apologies for the delay. Please find attached the flyer for the exhibition. Let us know what do you think of it and if there's any additional info that you would like us to include on the flyer.

Regards, Dayang

http://www.grumpy.org.uk/​ The only issue is that MSA would need to renew its membership with Grumpy to further partnership and 1/5

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event 19 WEARABLE SHELTER

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RE: Wearable Shelter - Event Planning - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

7/5/2014

RE: Wearable Shelter - Event Planning

Wearable Shelter - Event Planning - DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABA

Wearable Shelter - Event Planning

Ruth Northall <ruthn@grumpy.org.uk>

DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON

Mon 31/03/2014 16:40

Fri 28/03/2014 11:29

To:DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON <DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk>;

To:Ruth Northall <ruthn@grumpy.org.uk>;



Hi Dayang Thanks for email and updated calendar. Everything is confirmed for you for 6th May at Grumpy Salford - I will make sure a staff member is available to provide some background 12th May to 16th May inclusive Exhibition space at Brazennose House Many thanks, speak soon.

1 attachment

EVENT PLANNING.pdf;

Dear Ruth,

Please find attached the new amended planning based on what we've agre the exhibition at Brazennose House starting Wednesday (14th May - 16th M allocated time on Tuesday (preferably in the afternoon) for us to put things possible could we also arrange a time to have a look at the volume of space with (probably on Monday 12th May, a day before the preparation for the e the flyer at the moment, we will email it to you on the coming Monday for y action. Have a great weekend!

Kind Regards,

Ruth

Ruth Northall Play Training Education Manager

Regards, Dayang

Making Waste Things ... Play Things!

Website | Facebook | Twitter Unit 14-16 Orchard Street Ind. Estate, Alderson St, Salford, M6 6FL t : 0161 737 1644 • f : 0161 737 1372 • e : ruthn@grumpy.org.uk Greater Manchester Play Resources Unit.

Registered Children's Charity: 510740 | Trading Subsidiary : House of Grumpy Ltd. From: DAYANG FATIN NILISA BINTI ABANG MAAMON [mailto:DAYANG.F.ABANG-MAAMON@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 28 March 2014 11:30 To: Ruth Northall Subject: Wearable Shelter - Event Planning

Dear Ruth, Please find attached the new amended planning based on what we've agreed on Wednesday. Regarding the exhibition at Brazennose House starting Wednesday (14th May - 16th May), we would like to know the allocated time on Tuesday (preferably in the afternoon) for us to put things up for the exhibition. If it is possible could we also arrange a time to have a look at the volume of space that you could provide us with (probably on Monday 12th May, a day before the preparation for the exhibition). We are working on

APPENDIX

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ANG MAAMON

eed on Wednesday. Regarding May), we would like to know the s up for the exhibition. If it is e that you could provide us exhibition). We are working on your comments and further

U2ZC04NTVhLTg4YmQ1ZWQwODZiZQBâ&#x20AC;Ś

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[Reference] Biospheric Project http://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/worlds-tallest-wood-tower-proposed-for-austria.html http://inhabitat.com/lifecycle-tower-in-austria-will-be-worlds-tallest-wooden-building/new-25-8/?extend=1 http://www.modcell.com/completed-projects/balehaus/living-sustainably/ http://www.aircrete.co.uk/ http://www.clt.info/es/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2013/10/06-Further-applications.pdf http://www.cement.org/think-harder-concrete-/homes/building-systems/autoclaved-aerated-concrete http://greenecowalls.com/products/the-chefs-wall-garden/ http://shownd.com/ryanloy/28636/Chicago-Living-Wall-House

Timber Technology Manufacturing Books

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Craft S. (2011). Fire Performance of CLT assemblies. In: FP Innovations CLT Handbook. Canada: FP Innovations.

Crespell P. and Gagnon S. (2010). Cross Laminated Timber: A Primer. Canada: FP Innovations.

Gagnon S. and Kouyoumji J. (2011). Acoustic Performance of CLT Assemblies. In: FP Innovations CLT Handbook.

Canada: FP Innovations.

Herzog, Thomas. (2004). Birkhauser Detail: Timber Construction Manual. Birkhauser.

Hodgson, P. H., and R. Toyka. The Architect, the Cook and Good Taste. Walter de Gruyter, 2007 Finch G., Ricketts D., Wang J., Thivierge C. and Morris P. (2011). Building Enclosure design of CLT Construction.

In: FP Innovations CLT Handbook. Canada: FP Innovations.

Mahalle L. and Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Connor J. (2011). Environmental Performance of CLT. In: FP Innovations CLT Handbook.

Canada: FP Innovations.

Morley, Michael. (2000). Building with Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs): Strength and Energy Efficiency Through Structural Panel Construction. Taunton Press.

Popovski M., Karacabeyli E. and Ceccotti A. (2011). Seismic Performance of CLT Buildings. In: FP Innovations CLT Handbook. Canada: FP Innovations.

Smith and Ryan E. (2010). Prefab Architecture - a Guide to Modular Design and Construction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Smith, G. E. K. Switzerland Builds: Its Native and Modern Architecture. Albert Bonnier, 1950 Studiengemeinschaft Holzleimbau e.V. (2011). Building with Cross Laminated Timber. 2nd ed. Germany: Studiengemeinschaft Holzleimbau e.V. Timber As A Material: Wood-Based Materials. Acedemic Resources, TRADA Technology, 2010

Websites Constructing Excellence. (no date). ‘Construction and Sustainable Development’ Plain English, section 2, pp.

5. Available: http://www.constructingexcellence.org.uk/. Last accessed 10th May 2014.

CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER - The construction material of the 21st century. (no date). Available: http:// crosslamtimber.com.au/SBR%20Cross%20Laminated%20Timber.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2014.

Darby H. J., A. A. Elmualim and F. Kelly. (no date). “A case study to investigate the life cycle carbon emissions and carbon storage capacity of a cross laminated timber, multi-storey residential building.” Available: http://www. readingconnect.net/web/FILES/tsbe/Darby_TSBE_Conference_Paper_2012.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2014.

Dewar, L. Wood Solutions. 2011. www.naturallybetter.com.au (accessed 2014) Gardiner, James. (2011). Prefabrication. Available: ‪http://architectureinsights.com.au/.../BH_report_-_ James...‬. Last accessed 4th May 2014. hsbCAD. (no date). hsbCLT. Available: http://www.hsbcad.de/en/hsbmodules/hsbclt. Last accessed 13th April 2014.

KLH UK. Sustainability. (no date). Available: http://www.klhuk.com/sustainability.aspx. Last accessed 10th May 2014.

Lancashire, Robin. (2012). Innovate to Insulate. Trada Technology. Available: ‪http://www.tradatechnology. co.uk/.../innovate-to-insulate...‬. Last accessed 4th May 2014.

Mittermaier P. (2013). ‘How cross-laminated timber can help focus the sector on sustainability’ Construction

News 22 April, 2013. Available: http://www.cnplus.co.uk/innovation/sustainability/how-cross-laminatedtimber-can-help-focus-the-sector-on-sustainability/8646749.article#.U2vkWPldWSo. Last accessed 10th May 2014.

Pasquire C., Soar R. and Gibb A. (2006). Beyond pre-fabrication: the potential of next generation technologies to make a step change in construction manufacturing. In Annual conference of the international group for lean construction, vol. 14, pp. 243-254. Available: http://leanproject.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/PasquireSoar-Gibb_BEYOND-PRE-FABRICATION_THE-POTENTIAL-OF-NEXT-GENERATION-TECHNOLOGIES-TO-MAKEA-STEP-CHANGE-IN-CONSTRUCTION-MANUFACTURING.pdf. Last accessed 13th April 2014.

Popovski M. (2010). Seismic Performance of CLT Construction. Available: www.fpinnovations.ca. Last accessed 9th May 2014.

Porter, Mark. ‘SIPs: The New Build Standard?’. ‪http://www.homebuilding.co.uk/.../key.../structural/sips‬.

Last accessed 5th May 2014.

Scottish Ecological Design Association. n.d. www.seda.uk.net (accessed 2014) Taylor, Stephen. (2009). Offsite Production in the UK - A Brief Overview. HSE. ‪http://www.buildoffsite.com/.../ off-site_production...‬. Last accessed May 4th 2014.

TRADA Academic Resources. (no date). Reusing timber. Available: http://www.trada.co.uk/academic/ viewUnit/570E5170-CB66-4DC0-A839-45F35CF8BA3A. Last accessed 10th May 2014.

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