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Intermediate Phase Grade 5 • Facilitator’s Guide

Social Sciences: Geography CAPS IEB

Social Sciences Facilitator’s guide: Geography

CAPS aligned

M Lübcker E van Emmenes

2005-E-SOS-FG02

Í4%È-E-SOS-FG023Î

Grade 5

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Contents

Lesson elements.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Timetable and time management......................................................................................................... 7 Assessment requirements.......................................................................................................................8 Study tips and methods ...........................................................................................................................8 Other useful information ........................................................................................................................ 9 Preface............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Year plan..................................................................................................................................................... 10 Unit 1: World map and compass directions.....................................................................................12 Lesson 1: Position of the equator, North and South Poles on a globe ................................................... 12 Activity 1..................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Lesson 2: The seven continents ............................................................................................................................. 13 Activity 2..................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Lesson 3: Eight points on a compass ...................................................................................................................14 Lesson 4: Eight directions from a fixed point on a world map .................................................................14

Activity 3..................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 15

Unit 2: Africa, our continent..................................................................................................................16

Lesson 5: Position of Africa on a world map and globe............................................................................... 17

Lesson 6: Oceans around Africa ............................................................................................................................ 17 Lesson 7: Concepts of countries and borders .................................................................................................. 17 Activity 4......................................................................................................................................................................17

Lesson 8: Locations of countries in Africa ........................................................................................................ 17 Activity 5..................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Lesson 9: Countries with a coastline ...................................................................................................................19 Lesson 10: Madagascar and Zanzibar..................................................................................................................19 Lesson 11: South Africa’s neighbouring countries ........................................................................................19 Revision exercise....................................................................................................................................................20

Unit 3: A physical map of Africa...........................................................................................................21 Lesson 12: Reading a physical map.......................................................................................................................22

Lesson 13: Africa’s highest peaks .........................................................................................................................22 © Optimi

Facilitator’s Guide

Lesson 14: Africa’s three largest lakes ................................................................................................................22

Lesson 15: Africa’s great rivers...............................................................................................................................22 Lesson 16: Southern Africa’s famous waterfalls.............................................................................................. 22 Lesson 17: Africa’s great deserts............................................................................................................................23 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 23

Unit 4: Images of Africa...........................................................................................................................24

Lesson 18: Photos of a range of scenes and landscapes in Africa............................................................24

Lesson 19: Use grid references on a map to determine position ............................................................ 25 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 25

Unit 5: Physical features of South Africa...........................................................................................27 Lesson 20: A physical map of South Africa........................................................................................................28

Lesson 21: Indicating altitude ................................................................................................................................29

Activity 6..................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Lesson 22: Physical features....................................................................................................................................29

Lesson 23: Naming of important places.............................................................................................................29 Lesson 24: Where rivers start and end...............................................................................................................30

Lesson 25: Concept of river systems....................................................................................................................30 Lesson 26: Main rivers of South Africa ...............................................................................................................30

Activity 7......................................................................................................................................................................31

Unit 6: Physical features and human activity..................................................................................32

Lesson 27: Human activities in different physical environments............................................................ 33

Lesson 28: Influence of human activities on the physical environment............................................... 33 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 33

Unit 7: Water, climate and vegetation of South Africa..................................................................36 Lesson 29: Elements of weather and precipitation ...................................................................................... 37

Lesson 30: Measuring temperature and rainfall and the instruments used ...................................... 37 Activity 8..................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Lesson 31: Determination and description of wind direction..................................................................38 Lesson 32: Weather charts and weather conditions.....................................................................................38 Activity 9.....................................................................................................................................................................38

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit 8: Climate, rainfall and natural vegetation.............................................................................39

Lesson 33: Rainfall in South Africa........................................................................................................................40

Lesson 34: Rainfall patterns.....................................................................................................................................40 Lesson 35: Difference between weather and climate...................................................................................40 Lesson 36: Different types of climate in South Africa...................................................................................40

Lesson 37: Climate of own environment............................................................................................................ 41 Activity 10...................................................................................................................................................................41

Lesson 38: What is natural vegetation?.............................................................................................................. 41 Lesson 39: The relationship between climate, natural vegetation and wildlife................................ 41

Lesson 40: The Savannah grasslands .................................................................................................................. 41 Activity 11.................................................................................................................................................................. 42

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 43

Unit 9: Mineral and coal resources in South Africa.......................................................................45

Lesson 41: Minerals as a non-renewable resource........................................................................................ 46

Lesson 42: The most important minerals mined in South Africa and their uses.............................. 46 Lesson 43: How coal is formed............................................................................................................................... 46

Lesson 44: Uses of coal............................................................................................................................................... 47 Lesson 45: Location of mineral and coal mines............................................................................................... 47 Activity 12...................................................................................................................................................................47

Unit 10: Mining and mining environments..................................................................................... 48

Lesson 46: What mining is and the ways of mining.......................................................................................48

Lesson 47: Open cast/surface mining and shaft/deep level mining......................................................49 Lesson 48: Pollution, waste and sewage.............................................................................................................49 Lesson 49: Health and safety risks for mineworkers....................................................................................49 Revision exercise....................................................................................................................................................50

Addendum...................................................................................................................................................52

Facilitator’s Guide

Learning objectives What learners should

know at the end of the

lesson according to CAPS requirements.

Lesson elements

Important terminology

Tips

New terminology to assist

Any information other

with the understanding of the subject as part of the lesson.

than the content, to guide learners through the learning process.

Activity Define Definitions of concepts to understand the content.

Questions to complete to

test learners’ knowledge of the completed lesson.

For the curious Encouragement to do

in-depth research about the content. Expand the

activity and exercise to such an extent that learners are

encouraged to explore. For gifted learners: expanded

Core content

Study/Revision

Emphasise the core of

Time spent studying the

the content; in-depth

explanation of a specific section of the lesson;

learners must understand

content at the end of the

unit and to prepare for a test or examination.

exercises. For Learners with Special Educational Needs

(LSEN): Explain the need to

complete the basic questions to achieve a pass mark.

this content.

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Timetable and time management

According to CAPS, learners should spend 3 (three) hours per week on Social Sciences. A term

of 10 weeks therefore gets 30 hours. The time allocation for History is therefore 15 hours per

term of 10 weeks and Geography also 15 hours per term of 10 weeks. As a result, learners must spend 1½ hours per week on Geography, but you will find that some tasks take less time than

others.

According to the study guide: Term 1: There are 16 lessons for term 1. In a 10-week term, learners will have one Geography lesson per week, and in any six weeks two lessons for that week.

Term 2: There are seven lessons for term 2. In a 10-week term, learners will have one Geography lesson per week.

Term 3: There are 11 lessons for term 2. In a 10-week term, learners will have one Geography lesson per week, and a second lesson for one week only to address the eleventh lesson.

Term 4: There are 9 lessons for term 4. In a 10-week term, learners will have one Geography lesson per week. Since term 4 is usually very short, it will be beneficial for learners to complete two to three lessons per week. If possible, start with term 4’s lessons in term 3.

Facilitator’s Guide

Assessment requirements

The recommended assessment programme is as follows: History Geography History Geography History Geography History

Term 1

Term 2 Term 3 Term 4

Geography

Test Test Assignment and examination Assignment and examination Assignment Project Examination Examination

Codes and percentages for recording and reporting Code 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Description of competence Outstanding performance Deserving performance Significant performance Adequate performance Average performance Basic performance Not achieved

Study tips and methods

Continuous

assessment 75%

November

examination 25%

Percentage 80 – 100 70 – 79 60 – 69 50 – 59 40 – 49 30 – 39 0 – 29

Learners can use a mind map to remember the information they learn. A mind map has the

main object in the middle with many side branches with main headers. The table of contents can come in handy here.

Keep this mind map handy every time you do a new lesson and keep it up to date. It reduces the number of summaries just before the examinations.

There is an activity at the end of some lessons to help learners understand the content of the lesson. Go through the activities with learners in preparation for their examinations.

Every activity must be completed as thoroughly as possible and the questions must be 8

answered in full sentences.

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Other useful information

Get an atlas for learners if possible. Atlas skills are very important in Geography. Maps of your local area are handy for mapwork.

Where possible, use reliable sources on the internet. Many organisations and projects provide

useful information online. Compare different websites to see if factual content corresponds.

Google Earth has good aerial photographs.

YouTube has many videos and podcasts that may be useful for curious learners who want to learn more about the subject.

Preface

This guide is for the facilitator only, not learners. This guide is to be used with the study guide for Grade 5. Therefore, all the lesson information is in the study guide.

The answers to the activities are provided in this guide, although there are some activities with no specific answer. It will be pointed out under each such activity.

Try to have a conversation with learners about the lesson before working through it. Talk about the topics in general to test the learners’ existing knowledge.

Facilitator’s Guide

Year plan

Keep the following in mind when planning your year:

●

Be realistic and flexible

●

Keep your other subject timetables in mind

●

Allow for enough time to study for tests and examinations

Term

Unit and lesson

Date Date started completed

Unit 1: World map and compass directions Lesson 1: Position of the equator, North and South Poles on a globe Lesson 2: The seven continents Lesson 3: Eight points on a compass Lesson 4: Eight directions from a fixed point on a world map Unit 2: Africa, our continent

Lesson 5: Position of Africa on a world map and globe Lesson 6: Oceans around Africa Lesson 7: Concepts of countries and borders 1

Lesson 8: Locations of countries in Africa Lesson 9: Countries with a coastline

Lesson 10: Madagascar and Zanzibar

Lesson 11: South Africa’s neighbouring countries Unit 3: A physical map of Africa

Lesson 12: Reading a physical map Lesson 13: Africa’s highest peaks

Lesson 14: Africa’s three largest lakes Lesson 15: Africa’s great rivers

Lesson 16: Southern Africa’s famous waterfalls Lesson 17: Africa’s great deserts Unit 4: Images of Africa

Lesson 18: Photos of a range of scenes and landscapes in Africa Lesson 19: Use grid references on a map to determine position Unit 5: Physical features of South Africa

2 10

Lesson 20: A physical map of South Africa Lesson 21: Indicating altitude

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography Lesson 22: Physical features

Lesson 23: Naming of important places 2

Lesson 24: Where rivers start and end Lesson 25: Concept of river systems

Lesson 26: Main rivers of South Africa Unit 6: Physical features and human activity Lesson 27: Human activities in different physical environments Lesson 28: Influence of human activities on the physical environment

Unit 7: Water, climate and vegetation of South Africa

Lesson 29: Elements of weather and precipitation Lesson 30: Measuring temperature and rainfall and the instruments used Lesson 31: Determination and description of wind direction Lesson 32: Weather charts and weather conditions Unit 8: Climate, rainfall and natural vegetation

Lesson 33: Rainfall in South Africa Lesson 34: Rainfall patterns

Lesson 35: Difference between weather and climate

Lesson 36: Different types of climate in South Africa Lesson 37: Climate of own environment

Lesson 38: What is natural vegetation? Lesson 39: The relationship between climate, natural vegetation and wildlife Lesson 40: The Savannah grasslands Unit 9: Mineral and coal resources in South Africa Lesson 41: Minerals as a non-renewable resource Lesson 42: The most important minerals mined in South Africa and their uses Lesson 43: How coal is formed Lesson 44: Uses of coal

Lesson 45: Location of mineral and coal mines Unit 10: Mining and mining environments

Lesson 46: What mining is and the ways of mining Lesson 47: Open cast/surface mining and shaft/deep level mining Lesson 48: Pollution, waste and sewage Lesson 49: Health and safety risks for mineworkers

Unit 1

World map and compass directions

Learning aims After completing this unit, learners must be able to do the following: ● ● ● ● ●

Understand and work with a variety of resources – including maps, data and pictures.

Know the position of the equator and North and South Poles on a map or globe. Identify and know the positions of the seven continents. Identify the eight cardinal points on a compass.

Use these cardinal points and identify the eight directions from a fixed point on a map.

Introduction

Talk about the earth or the world. Try to get an atlas and then look at the different countries. Try to get a globe so that learners can see the difference between the actual shape of the earth

and how it is depicted as flat on a map. This will also help in later years for time zones and other

map-related work. Roughly two hours should be spent teaching this topic, with some extra time for activities and revision.

Lesson 1 Position of the equator, North and South Poles on a globe

It is important for learners to think of the earth in the form of a globe and not as a map, which

is flat. If you have access to the internet, the following videos are a good and exciting way of remembering latitude and longitude.

Links: bit.ly/2MidMyu | bit.ly/2KIpFus

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography Activity 1

North Pole 

Northern hemisphere  Equator 

Southern hemisphere  South Pole 

[5]

Lesson 2 The seven continents The seven continents are easy to remember. Their placement on Earth, however, is less so. If learners experience any trouble, the following link is to a song about the continents. Link: bit.ly/2YXMrbG Activity 2 1.

North America  South America 

Europe 

Asia 

Africa 

Australia 

Antarctica 

[7]

Facilitator’s Guide

Lesson 3 Eight points on a compass

The following are the eight points of a compass: N – North

S – South

NO – Northeast

SW – Southwest

O – East

W – West

SO – Southeast

NW – Northwest

North, east, south and west are the four main directions and the others are in-between directions. Explain this to the learners and ensure they correctly understand this.

Lesson 4 Eight directions from a fixed point on a world map

Learners have learnt the eight main compass directions in the previous lesson. They will now

be applying this information to a real-life situation, but on a broader basis. For the activity, learners must find their house as a fixed point on the map and look for what they will find in the given directions.

This can be applied in the classroom as well, e.g. have learners draw a basic sketch of their learning area or classroom, or even complete the exercise verbally if need be, and then explain the different objects they find for a given direction. For example, have them stand at the board and give them a direction in which to walk and tell you what they find along their way. Activity 3 1.

Europe 

Antarctica 

Asia 

Australia 

South America 

North America 

[6]

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography Revision exercise 1.

North America,  South America,  Antarctica,  Europe,  Africa,  Asia, 

Australia 

2.1. Northwest (NW)

1 (7)

2.2. West (W)

2.3. Southeast (SE) 2.4. North (N) 2.5. South (S) 2.6. East (E)

2.7. Northeast (NE)

2.8. Southwest (SW)

(8)

[15]

Unit 2

Africa, our continent

Learning aims After completing this unit, learners must be able to do the following: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Know the position of Africa on a world map.

Name and locate the oceans surrounding Africa.

Understand the concept of a country with borders.

Know the different countries of Africa, in relation to the rest.

Understand the concepts, and give examples, of countries which are landlocked or have a coastline.

Know which countries are north or south of, or along, the equator. Understand the concept of an island.

Compare Madagascar, an island country, with Zanzibar, an island which is part of Tanzania.

List and indicate on a map, Africa’s largest cities – including Cairo, Lagos, Johannesburg, Nairobi.

List and indicate on a map, South Africa’s neighbours: Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zimbabwe.

Understand the concept of capital cities and know the capital cities of South

Africa and neighbouring countries. Introduction

In this unit, learners will learn where Africa is on the world map and which countries and oceans surround Africa. They will also learn about coastlines, borders and islands. All countries have

a capital city, which is the most important city in the country. It is not necessarily the largest

city in the country, but it is generally the centre of trade or government. You should allocate

roughly four hours of teaching time for this topic, with one hour allocated for activities and revision. 16

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Lesson 5 Position of Africa on a world map and globe

Information is in the study guide. Ensure that learners can locate each aspect covered on different mediums, such as an atlas, various maps, and even a globe if you have one.

Lesson 6 Oceans around Africa

Learners must know about all three of the main oceans, including the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Lesson 7 Concepts of countries and borders

Activity 4 Ensure that learners have drawn all the borders in red (all the lines on the map). There are 54 countries in Africa.

[5]

Lesson 8 Location of the countries in Africa

Talk about coastlines, and countries close to the ocean where one border is formed by the sea, and where certain countries are located. There are 54 countries in Africa; learners do not have

to know all the names.

The easiest way to learn these countries is to group them according to their location. To do this, you use the equator as a reference and create three groups. Group 1: countries which are north of the equator, such as Egypt, Libya and Algeria. Group 2: countries which are south of the

equator, such as South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana. Group 3: countries which are found

Facilitator’s Guide Activity 5 1.

North of equator Chad Algeria Libya

Along equator Republic the Congo Democratic Republic the Congo (DRC) Gabon

South of equator Angola Malawi

Namibia

North: Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Central African Republic, The Gambia, Ivory

Coast, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Western Sahara 

South: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic the Congo, Equatorial Guinea,

Gabon, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South

Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, the Congo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 

Equator: São Tomé and Príncipe, Gabon, Republic the Congo, Democratic Republic the

Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Equatorial Guinea 

Any FIVE of the following:

(9)

Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia,

Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Republic the Congo, Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Sudan,

Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Algeria 

Any THREE of the following:

Madagascar 

(5)

Mali, Niger, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana 

Any ONE of the following:

Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea and Djibouti 

(3) (1)

(1) © Optimi

G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography 6.

Any ONE of the following:

Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya or Egypt 

(1)

[20]

Lesson 9 Countries with a coastline Investigate our neighbouring states and ensure that learners know where they are situated.

This is important when they are trying to contextualise their place in the world. There are various activities one can do to ensure that learners understand.

Give them a blank map of Southern Africa (addendum in this guide) and have them fill it in or give them a match column A with column B exercise where they need to match the country

with its capital. Either way, it will be easier for them to remember if they can visualise these places. Look for interesting facts or pictures in a book, atlas, or on the internet.

Lesson 10 Madagascar and Zanzibar

It is important for learners to highlight the similarities and differences between the two islands, perhaps even encourage them to tabulate these elements.

Lesson 11 South Africa’s neighbouring countries

Investigate our neighbouring states and ensure that learners know where they are situated.

This is important when they are trying to contextualise their place in the world. There are various activities one can do to ensure that learners understand.

Give them a blank map of Southern Africa (addendum in this guide) and have them fill it in or give them a match column A with column B exercise where they need to match the country

with its capital. Either way, it would be easier for them to remember if they can visualise these places. Look for interesting facts or pictures in a book, atlas or on the internet.

Facilitator’s Guide Revision exercise 1.

Across: 4. Location  | 5. Ocean 

Any SEVEN:

Any TWO examples: North: Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Central African Republic, The Gambia, Ivory

(5)

Down: 1. Coastline  | 2. Island  | 3. Border 

The Central African Republic,  South Sudan,  Uganda,  Rwanda,  Burundi, 

Tanzania,  Zambia,  Angola  and Republic of Congo  (7)

Coast, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Western Sahara 

South: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South

Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, the Congo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 

Equator: São Tomé and Príncipe, Gabon, Republic the Congo, Democratic Republic the

(6)

Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Equatorial Guinea  Compare Both islands 

Both in the Indian Ocean 

Both south of the equator 

Contrast Madagascar is a country on its own while Zanzibar forms a part of Tanzania. 

Madagascar is a large island while Zanzibar is a series of islands. 

Any THREE of the following: 

Namibia:  Windhoek  | Botswana:  Gaborone  | Zimbabwe:  Harare 

6. 20

Angola | Mozambique | Namibia | South Africa | Tanzania

Mozambique:  Maputo  | Swaziland:  Mbabane  | Lesotho:  Maseru 

Pretoria  | Bloemfontein  | Cape Town 

(4)

(3)

(12) (3)

[40]

Unit 3

A physical map of Africa

Learning aims After completing this unit, learners must be able to do the following: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Identify features on a physical map.

Understand the different ways of showing height above sea level on a physical map.

Be able to locate or indicate the following on a map:

Africa’s highest mountains

•

Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya

Southern Africa’s highest peak

•

Thabana Ntlenyana in the Drakensberg

Africa’s three largest lakes

•

Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi

Africa’s great rivers

•

Nile, Niger, Congo, Zambezi, Limpopo, Gariep, Orange

Southern Africa’s famous waterfalls

•

Victoria, Maletsunyane, Augrabies

Africa’s great deserts

•

The Sahara, Kalahari and the Namib

Introduction Look at the map of Africa in an atlas and talk to learners about physical attributes: rivers and mountains. Show learners how they are indicated on a map. Follow them with your finger and

play a game with the learners. You give a name of a river or mountain and the learners must look for the river or mountain. It should take you approximately three hours to complete this

unit with some extra time for activities and revision.

Facilitator’s Guide

Lesson 12 Reading a physical map

Information is in the study guide. It is important that learners understand the concept of altitude and the different ways in which it is indicated on a physical map. Let learners try reading a number of different keys on different maps and other sources to ensure that they understand the concept.

Lesson 13 Africa’s highest peaks

Learners should have a basic knowledge of each of Africa’s highest peaks, Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya and Mount Thabana Ntlenyana; including the country in which they are situated and where to find them on a map.

Lesson 14 Africa’s three largest lakes

Learners should be able to identify each of the great lakes, including Lake Malawi, Lake

Tanganyika and Lake Victoria, on a map of the region.

Lesson 15 Africa’s great rivers

Learners need to be able to identify Africa’s biggest rivers. This includes South Africa’s Limpopo and Orange Rivers, the Nile, the Niger, the Congo (Zaire), and the Zambezi River.

Lesson 16 Southern Africa’s famous waterfalls

Learners must be able to identify photos and give a basic biography of Southern Africa’s most famous waterfalls, Victoria Falls, Maletsunyane Falls and Augrabies Falls.