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ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE STUDY GUIDE Grade 9

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

English First Additional Language Study guide

CAPS aligned

J Petersen J Strydom

2009-A-FAL-SG01

Í4)È-A-FAL-SG01lÎ

Grade 9

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

CONTENTS LESSON ELEMENTS �� 7 PREFACE..............................................................................................................................8 YEAR PLAN..........................................................................................................................9 UNIT 1: Weeks 1 – 2........................................................................................................... 10 Lesson 1: Urban vs rural .....................................................................................................10 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 11 Activity 1: Have a discussion.............................................................................. 11 Activity 2: Do a listening comprehension............................................................ 12 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 13 Activity 3: Read a cartoon................................................................................... 13 Activity 4: Answer questions on a cartoon.......................................................... 14 Activity 5: Read a short story.............................................................................. 14 Activity 6: Answer questions on a short story..................................................... 16 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 17 Activity 7: Create your own advertisement.......................................................... 17 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 18 Activity 8: Sentence structure............................................................................. 18 Activity 9: Concord.............................................................................................. 19 UNIT 1: Weeks 3 – 4...........................................................................................................21 Lesson 2: Equality in democracy ........................................................................................ 21 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 22 Activity 10: Listen to a text..................................................................................22 Activity 11: Do a prepared reading......................................................................22 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 23 Activity 12: Read and discuss a drama...............................................................23 Activity 13: Study a poem...................................................................................26 Activity 14: Study a photo...................................................................................27 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 28 Activity 15: Write a letter of appreciation ............................................................28 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 30 Activity 16: Idioms, proverbs and euphemisms...................................................30 Activity 17: Stems, prefixes and suffixes............................................................. 31 UNIT 1: Weeks 5 – 6...........................................................................................................33 Lesson 3: News media........................................................................................................33 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 34 Activity 18: Discuss a telephone conversation....................................................34 Activity 19: Present a role play............................................................................34 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 35 Activity 20: Read a contract................................................................................35 Activity 21: Do a comprehension........................................................................37 Activity 22: Read and discuss a poem................................................................38 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 39 Activity 23: Write a report...................................................................................39

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 42 Activity 24: Conjunctions.....................................................................................42 Activity 25: Direct and indirect speech................................................................42 UNIT 1: Weeks 7 – 8...........................................................................................................44 Lesson 4: Buying local ........................................................................................................44 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 45 Activity 26: Do a listening comprehension..........................................................45 Activity 27: Give an unprepared speech.............................................................45 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 46 Activity 28: Read an extract from a novel...........................................................46 Activity 29: Read and discuss a poem................................................................48 Activity 30: Read for comprehension..................................................................49 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 49 Activity 31: Write a descriptive essay..................................................................49 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 51 Activity 32: Regular and irregular verbs.............................................................. 51 UNIT 1: Weeks 9 – 10.........................................................................................................53 Lesson 5: Checking in!........................................................................................................53 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 54 Activity 33: Listen to a newspaper report............................................................54 Activity 34: Present a report................................................................................55 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 55 Activity 35: Read a magazine article...................................................................55 Activity 36: Read and discuss a poem................................................................58 Activity 37: Read a newspaper report.................................................................59 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 61 Activity 38: Write a newspaper report................................................................. 61 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 63 Activity 39: Mood................................................................................................63 Activity 40: Sentences........................................................................................63 UNIT 2: Weeks 1 – 2...........................................................................................................65 Lesson 6: The wonder of water ...........................................................................................65 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 66 Activity 41: Listen to a story................................................................................66 Activity 42: Have a discussion............................................................................66 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 67 Activity 43: Read and discuss folklore................................................................67 Activity 44: Read and discuss poetry..................................................................70 Activity 45: Read a will and testament................................................................ 71 Activity 46: Write a summary.............................................................................. 74 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 75 Activity 47: Write a diary entry............................................................................75 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 76 Activity 48: Generalisations................................................................................ 76

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

UNIT 2: Weeks 3 – 4...........................................................................................................78 Lesson 7: Subsistence farming............................................................................................78 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 79 Activity 49: Listen to a role play..........................................................................79 Activity 50: Do an unprepared reading................................................................79 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 80 Activity 51: Read a drama...................................................................................80 Activity 52: Read a poem....................................................................................83 Activity 53: Read a magazine article...................................................................84 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 85 Activity 54: Write a text review............................................................................85 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 87 Activity 55: Verbs................................................................................................87 UNIT 2: Weeks 5 – 6...........................................................................................................89 Lesson 8: iSimangaliso Wetland Park..................................................................................89 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 90 Activity 56: Listen to a speech............................................................................90 Activity 57: Have a discussion............................................................................91 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 91 Activity 58: Read a short story............................................................................91 Activity 59: Read a poem....................................................................................94 Activity 60: Read a cartoon.................................................................................95 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 97 Activity 61: Write an agenda and minutes...........................................................97 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 99 Activity 62: Adjectives.........................................................................................99 UNIT 2: Weeks 7 – 8......................................................................................................... 101 Lesson 9: Corporate responsibility .................................................................................... 101 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 102 Activity 63: Listen to a radio advertisement...................................................... 102 Activity 64: Analyse an advertisement.............................................................. 102 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 104 Activity 65: Study a graph.................................................................................104 Activity 66: Revise a summary..........................................................................106 Activity 67: Revise literature.............................................................................. 107 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 108 Activity 68: Review an advertisement...............................................................108 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 109 Activity 69: Nouns............................................................................................. 109 Activity 70: Pronouns........................................................................................ 110 UNIT 3: Weeks 1 – 2......................................................................................................... 111 Lesson 10: Online safety....................................................................................................111 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ��112 Activity 71: Listen to a negotiations dialogue..................................................... 112 Activity 72: Discuss a will and testament.......................................................... 112

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ��113 Activity 73: Read an abridged will and testament............................................. 113 Activity 74: Read a poem.................................................................................. 115 Activity 75: Read a cartoon............................................................................... 116 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 117 Activity 76: Write a will and testament............................................................... 117 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 119 Activity 77: Concrete and abstract nouns.......................................................... 119 Activity 78: Paronyms and polysemes.............................................................. 119 UNIT 3: Weeks 3 – 4......................................................................................................... 121 Lesson 11: What is art? .................................................................................................... 121 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 122 Activity 79: Listen to an interview...................................................................... 122 Activity 80: Discuss a CV.................................................................................. 123 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 123 Activity 81: Read a short story.......................................................................... 123 Activity 82: Read a poem.................................................................................. 125 Activity 83: Do a comprehension activity.......................................................... 126 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 128 Activity 84: Write a cover letter and CV............................................................ 128 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 131 Activity 85: Synonyms and antonyms............................................................... 131 UNIT 3: Weeks 5 – 6......................................................................................................... 133 Lesson 12: Body language................................................................................................ 133 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 134 Activity 86: Listen to a debate........................................................................... 134 Activity 87: Have a discussion........................................................................... 135 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 135 Activity 88: Read a novel.................................................................................. 135 Activity 89: Read a poem.................................................................................. 137 Activity 90: Read an excerpt............................................................................. 138 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 140 Activity 91: Write a reflective essay................................................................... 140 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 142 Activity 92: Conjunctions and transitions.......................................................... 142 UNIT 3: Weeks 7 – 8.........................................................................................................144 Lesson 13: Wonders of the world ......................................................................................144 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 145 Activity 93: Listen to a speech.......................................................................... 145 Activity 94: Present a speech........................................................................... 146 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 146 Activity 95: Read a short story.......................................................................... 146 Activity 96: Read a poem.................................................................................. 149 Activity 97: Do a comprehension...................................................................... 150 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 154 © Impaq

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 98: Write an invitation...........................................................................154 Activity 99: Write an acceptance letter.............................................................. 156 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 157 Activity 100: Paragraphs................................................................................... 157 UNIT 3: Weeks 9 – 10....................................................................................................... 159 Lesson 14: Playing sports ................................................................................................. 159 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 160 Activity 101: Tell a story....................................................................................160 Activity 102: Present a dialogue........................................................................160 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 161 Activity 103: Read a drama............................................................................... 161 Activity 104: Read a poem................................................................................164 Activity 105: Do a reading comprehension....................................................... 165 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 166 Activity 106: Write an agenda...........................................................................166 Activity 107: Write minutes................................................................................ 168 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 169 Activity 108: Pronouns...................................................................................... 169 UNIT 4: Weeks 1 – 2 ........................................................................................................ 172 Lesson 15: Becoming a role model ................................................................................... 172 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 173 Activity 109: Do a listening comprehension...................................................... 173 Activity 110: Discuss meeting procedures......................................................... 173 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 175 Activity 111: Read a short story......................................................................... 175 Activity 112: Read a poem................................................................................ 177 Activity 113: Do a reading comprehension........................................................ 178 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 179 Activity 114: Write a letter of application............................................................ 179 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 180 Activity 115: Active and passive voice............................................................... 180 UNIT 4: Weeks 3 – 4......................................................................................................... 183 Lesson 16: Formal relationships ....................................................................................... 183 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 184 Activity 116: Listen to a recorded dialogue........................................................184 Activity 117: Participate in a discussion.............................................................184 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 185 Activity 118: Read a novel................................................................................. 185 Activity 119: Read a poem................................................................................ 187 Activity 120: View a cartoon.............................................................................. 188 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 189 Activity 121: Write an email............................................................................... 189 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 191 Activity 122: Nouns........................................................................................... 191

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

UNIT 4: Weeks 5 – 6......................................................................................................... 193 Lesson 17: Forensics ........................................................................................................ 193 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 194 Activity 123: Role play a situation.....................................................................194 Activity 124: Have a conversation..................................................................... 195 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 196 Activity 125: Read a youth novel.......................................................................196 Activity 126: Read a poem................................................................................198 Activity 127: Do a reading comprehension........................................................199 Activity 128: Write a summary..........................................................................200 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 200 Activity 129: Write an obituary..........................................................................200 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 202 Activity 130: Cause and effect..........................................................................202 UNIT 4: Weeks 7 – 8.........................................................................................................204 Lesson 18: How do you chill? ...........................................................................................204 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING �� 205 Activity 131: Revise listening strategies.............................................................205 Activity 132: Revise speaking activities.............................................................205 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �� 206 Activity 133: Revise a short story......................................................................206 Activity 134: Revise poetry................................................................................208 Activity 135: Revise comprehension activities.................................................. 210 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING �� 211 Activity 136: Revise transactional writing texts................................................. 211 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �� 215 Activity 137: Revise spelling patterns................................................................ 215 RUBRICS.......................................................................................................................... 217 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................223

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

LESSON ELEMENTS

VOCABULARY

The meaning of new words to fully understand the text/content.

TIPS

A useful hint to help improve skills.

LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS

Key language elements to be studied, understood and applied to the content of the lesson.

ACTIVITY

Core content and questions to test the learner's knowledge.

Â© Impaq

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

PREFACE RECOMMENDED BOOKS Read as much and as widely as you can. Here is a short list of age- appropriate books: • Lord of the Flies (William Golding) • The Harry Potter series (J.K. Rowling) • Inkheart (Cornelia Funke) • Animal Farm (George Orwell) • The Host (Stephenie Meyer) • Diary of a Young Girl (Anne Frank) • Nibbling on Einstein’s Brain: The Good, The Bad and The Bogus in Science (Diane Swanson)

INTRODUCTION The study guide is organised into 4 units and 18 lessons. Each lesson is taught over 2 weeks. • • • • •

Unit 1 has five themed lessons. Unit 2 has four themed lessons and a mid-year examination. Unit 3 has five themed lessons. Unit 4 has four themed lessons and a year-end examination. At the end of Unit 1 and 3, learners write term tests, and at the end of Units 2 and 4 they write examinations.

Each lesson has 4 sections: • Listening and speaking • Reading and viewing • Writing and presenting • Language structures and conventions Each of these sections contains activities. At the beginning of each lesson is a list of the topics covered in that lesson. At the end of each lesson are remedial and extension activities, which you may complete if time allows.

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

YEAR PLAN UNIT

DATE STARTED

LESSON

DATE COMPLETED

Lesson 1: Urban vs rural Lesson 2: Equality in democracy 1

Lesson 3: News media Lesson 4: Buying local Lesson 5: Checking in! Lesson 6: The wonder of water

Lesson 7: Subsistence farming Lesson 8: iSimangaliso Wetland Park Lesson 9: Corporate responsibility Lesson 10: Online safety Lesson 11: What is art?

Lesson 12: Body language Lesson 13: Wonders of the world Lesson 14: Playing sports Lesson 15: Becoming a role model

Lesson 16: Formal relationships Lesson 17: Forensics Lesson 18: How do you chill?

ÂŠ Impaq

Unit

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

UNIT 1: Weeks 1 – 2

Lesson 1: Urban vs rural In this lesson, you will: • • • • • • • •

have a group discussion do a listening comprehension read a cartoon answer questions on a cartoon read a short story answer questions on a short story create your own advertisement practise sentence structure and concord

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 1

SECTION 1:

Unit

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Activity 1: Have a discussion

Discussions are a way to interact with your peers about a particular subject. When you take part in a group discussion you: 1. Defend a position 2. Negotiate 3. Fill in the gaps 4. Exchange ideas and share experiences 5. Encourage other members in the group to share their points of view 6. Take turns 7. Initiate and sustain a conversation 8. Show an understanding of concepts. Study the advertisement below and listen while the facilitator reads a text.

You have 15 – 20 minutes to discuss the advertisement. Remember to make notes of the points of view, ideas and experiences of everyone in your group. Consider the following: • Tone refers to the way something is said or written. Examples of tone are: warm, helpful, sophisticated or competent. • Pace or tempo is the speed at which you read or say something. • Emotive language and persuasive language. Emotive language evokes emotions in the reader or listener. Persuasive language makes what is advertised sound better and bigger than it actually is. Both emotive and persuasive language give reasons to convince you to buy the product. • Font size. A large font is used to draw attention and a small font is used for important information relating to the advertisement. • Body language. This is an important consideration when discussing an advertisement

Unit

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

as the positioning of a person or people in an advertisement reveals the tone of the advertisement. It is a non-verbal way of using persuasive language. Abbreviations Identify the abbreviations used in the advertisement: CBD and ASAP

Activity 2: Do a listening comprehension Listen carefully as the facilitator reads an advertisement twice. Make notes during the reading and answer the questions. When you take notes during a listening comprehension, only write down the important points. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

What is the advertisement about? What persuasive techniques does Thoko use? What does Thoko say that makes you trust him? Would you call Thoko? Why? What is a chauffeur? Write the sentence in the simple present tense: Thoko used to live in Diepsloot, a rural area. Look at the sentence: Hi, my name is Thoko. a) Name one noun in the sentence. b) What type of noun is it? Write the sentence in the past tense: I am a taxi driver from Diepsloot. What is your experience travelling in taxis?

Remember: The simple present tense describes any action or situation that occurs regularly, every day, always, sometimes, often, seldom. The simple past tense is used for past actions that happened either at a specific time, (yesterday, last year) or this is understood from the context.

ÂŠ Impaq

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 2

SECTION 2:

Unit

READING AND VIEWING

Activity 3: Read a cartoon

A cartoon is a visual text created for enjoyment and entertainment. We enjoy cartoons because they make us laugh and show us the funnier side of situations. When you study a cartoon, you must look at what and how things are said or drawn that make you laugh. You must be able to identify and discuss the purpose and message of the cartoon using these techniques: Skimming and scanning Skim the cartoon to get an idea of what it is about. Scan the cartoon and quickly read the dialogue. For example, are there speech bubbles or is the text written in the frames? Careful and accurate skimming and scanning will help you make inferences about the meaning, the characters and the setting of the cartoon, will show you how punctuation and font have been used and will indicate the body language/interaction between the characters in the cartoon. Intensive reading This will help you to identify the purpose and message of the cartoon. Every cartoon is written for a particular reason and has a particular message for its readers. Making inferences Making an inference means to draw a conclusion on the basis of evidence and reasoning. The evidence in a cartoon are the words, images, and the way elements are set out. It will help you reach a conclusion about its message, meaning, and purpose. Study the cartoon below:

Briefly discuss the humour in the cartoon.

ÂŠ Impaq

Unit

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 4: Answer questions on a cartoon Study the cartoon in Activity 3 and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

What do you see in the cartoon? Is there any text in the cartoon? What are the features of the text? What part of speech is ‘population’? Look at the man walking down the street. What inferences (conclusions) can you make about who he is and what he does? What do houses tell you about the area? What do the text and the picture tell you about the message of the cartoon? Why is the cartoon humorous? What does the man’s body language tell you about him? Evaluate (examine and judge) the meaning of the cartoon. Compare the rural houses to what you think housing in a city looks like.

Activity 5: Read a short story A short story is generally between three and five pages long but can be shorter. Short stories usually deal with a few characters and concentrate on the mood rather than the plot. They also generally focus on one incident; have a single plot, a single setting, and a small number of characters. Read the short stories below twice.

‘Watching sunsets we never see’ Shelley Blignaut

I wake up to Mama standing over me holding some coffee and oily bread. I take it from her and dunk the bread into the warm milky coffee until it is soggy, and I can slop it into my mouth. She looks at me and smiles, that same guilt-soaked smile as I sometimes give utamkhulu, the only difference is he can’t see mine.

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

‘I learn enough from the city, Mama,’ I say in response to her thoughts. ‘But you should be at school with your brothers and sisters,’ she says, and I can see that her eyes are welling up now. ‘Yes, and utamkhulu should never have been born blind.’ I don’t look at her as I say it and I get up quickly and pick my way through mattresses and sleeping children. He is waiting for me at the doorway, looking as smart as ever in his collared shirt and fedora. The town is busy today. A Merc flashes me. He thinks I am the paperboy again. No matter, I will play the stupid street-child. I lead utamkhulu to the window and hold out my hand. ‘Where’s my paper, boy?’ he says. I gesture to utamkhulu. He opens his mouth, but then his cellphone starts ringing. He waves me away as he picks it up. I gently tug utamkhulu to the next car. ‘Did we get anything?’ he asks. ‘He had a look, but he didn’t have any change,’ I say. The traffic light turns green. ‘Green,’ I say. Utamkhulu steps back towards the curb. As the light turns red a young guy pulls up with a large exhaust and tinted windows. He opens his window just a little as we approach. ‘Don’t even try and spray my windscreen with crap,’ he says to me. Utamkhulu squeezes my arm. I slump down on the curve and breathe in the petrol and burned tyre smell. I put my head on my knees. I notice there is something moving on the ground, it takes me a moment to realise that it is the shadow of the car in front of me. ‘Green, ’mkhulu, green!’ I shout, jumping up from the curb. The hooters go off. And I stop breathing. He steps back unharmed, save for his fedora which is blown off from the rush of the cars. ‘I am so sorry ’mkhulu.’ I throw my arms around him and feel his body trembling. ‘Were they angry? I didn’t mean to—’ the words stumble out of him. ‘They weren’t angry, ’mkhulu no one was angry.’ I can see he is still a little shaken. ‘Let me get your hat,’ I say. The light turns red. It was black. Definitely black. I looked up just in time before it hit. I am sure it saw me, it must have. I am sure they would have slammed on brakes; I think I even heard the skidding. But those fancy cars, they go fast to keep up with their drivers. It didn’t hurt, but it felt like someone had hit me in the stomach, a good and proper one that takes all the air out of you. It went black then and I thought of utamkhulu lost on a page of darkness trying to feel the grooves that the words have made on it to find his way. It is his face that I see when I open my eyes again, his tears dropping on my face, his hands rubbing red blood between his fingers. ‘Is this blood?’ He is shouting, holding up his red-gloved hand. ‘Is this my son’s blood? Can someone tell me what is happening?’ ‘Mkhulu,’ I manage to get out. He can’t speak, the tears are coming fast now, and his chest is heaving. ‘Mkhulu, I can see it now and you will see it too. Not with these eyes.’ I lift my hand, it is littered with pieces of gravel and scraped skin, and I touch the space where his eyes should have been.

Unit

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

‘Every colour imaginable, ’mkhulu! I wish I could show it to you, I wish we could see it together. It is like …’ ‘I know,’ he says, and he finds my lips with his fingers. ‘I have seen it.’ Each of his words is laboured and spurted out between sobs. ‘Every time you described something to me, umzukulwana, I saw it. Your words painted the world better than I could have seen it.’ My eyelids are getting heavy now and I so want to see the lights again … maybe if I just close them for a little while …. until the medicine men come … ‘And now my sight is gone,’ is the last thing I hear him say.

Growing up in a rural village Nothando Kbukeli

I had grown up looking after my father’s goats, sheep and cows in the mountains on his farm, Kleinplaas, near Cradock in the Eastern Cape. It was a big farm, with hundreds of animals. My sister and I looked after them together and we were very happy. For me, childhood was a wonderful time. My father was a wealthy man because he had so much livestock. My brother had gone off to Johannesburg to look for work, which left only my sister and me to look after the animals. So, my father took me out of school after I had completed Grade 5, to help him. My mother was not happy about it. She said, ‘You need to go to school because you will need an education later in your life.’ But my father, who loved me deeply, disagreed and let me look after the animals.

welling: (of a liquid) rise up to the surface and spill or be about to spill. umzukulwana: grandchild fedora: a low, soft felt hat with a curled brim and the crown creased lengthways

Activity 6: Answer questions on a short story Read the stories in Activity 5 again, then answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Look at the title of the first story. Is the meaning literal or figurative? Explain your answer. What are the features of the short story? Name the characters in the first story. Retell the first story in your own words. Which area does Nothando come from? Compare and contrast the two stories. Remember when we compare, we look for similarities and when we contrast we need to find differences. 16

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

7. 8. 9. 10.

Unit

Do you often see street children or beggars? How does it make you feel? Write down two pronouns used in the first paragraph of story 1. In story 2 we find: ‘big farm’ and ‘wealthy man’. Write down two other adjectives that could be used instead. What is your experience of a rural village or a city?

SECTION 3

SECTION 1:

WRITING AND PRESENTING

Activity 7: Create your own advertisement

When creating your advertisement, consider the following: 1. Correct format. This includes the length of the advertisement. Think about where the advertisement will be placed: a magazine, newspaper, billboard or brochure. 2. Purpose. The target market, who the advertisement is intended for, and why you are advertising. 3. Text features. The sense the advertisement appeals to (which one of the five senses does the advertisement target?), the layout and font size, the effectiveness of the choice of colour, and the register – the tone of the advertisement. 4. Language use. Is the language clichéd (overused expressions), repetitive (using the same features, such as phrases like ‘you know’ or ‘see what I mean’), figurative (using figures of speech), rhetorical (insincere), emotive (creating emotion), pursuasive (persuading you to change), etc. Create an advertisement for the opening of a new restaurant in a rural or an urban area. Use the following tips to form some ideas. Brainstorm your advertisement. 1. Think of some of the best advertisements you have seen in magazines, on billboards or newspapers. 2. What were the features that stood out? Was it the colour, the words, the picture, the slogan or the register? 3. Think what type of restaurant you would like to open. What food would you serve? What would your logo look like? 4. Think of emotive language (to arouse interest). 5. Consider different images or pictures to use. Draft and edit your advertisement. 1. Write the text. 2. Include the restaurant’s location, opening times, opening specials, etc. 3. Write short sentences. 4. Check spelling and punctuation. 5. Did you use emotive language? 6. Does the picture add value to the advertisement?

Unit

7. 8.

Study Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Is it eye-catching? Does the advertisement make the reader want to visit the restaurant?

Write your advertisement neatly in your exercise book. Remember to check spelling and pay attention to spelling patterns. Your advertisement must be eye-catching and should hold the attention of the reader. It must create a desire for the reader to own the product or use the service. It must include the correct format, a clear purpose, the correct text features and language use.

SECTION 4

SECTION 1:

LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS

Activity 8: Sentence structure

Sentence structure covers aspects such as phrases, clauses, subject-verb agreement, and simple, complex and compound sentences. For the purpose of this lesson, the focus is on sentence structure in advertisements. Advertisements use simple, short, sentences. Simple sentences are catchy and the reader or listener is more likely to remember the message. Longer, more complex sentences may make the advertisement boring and long-winded and the reader or listener may lose interest. Look at the advertisement below, and answer the questions.

Save the most amazingly superb animal in the ocean, the dolphin, from extinction. 1. 2. 3. 4. ÂŠ Impaq

What sentence structure is used? Is this sentence effective? Why? Rewrite the sentence to improve the advertisement. Why is the new sentence better than the one in the advertisement? 18