Gr 9-English First Additional Language-Facilitator’s Guide

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ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE FACILITATOR’S GUIDE Grade 9

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

English First Additional Language Facilitator’s guide

CAPS aligned

J Petersen J Strydom

2009-A-FAL-FG01

Í4)È-A-FAL-FG01DÎ

Grade 9

Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

CONTENTS PREFACE..............................................................................................................................7 TIME AND TIME MANAGEMENT........................................................................................8 ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................8 LESSON ELEMENTS...........................................................................................................9 STUDY TIPS AND METHODS FOR LEARNERS................................................................10 YEAR PLAN........................................................................................................................ 11 UNIT 1: Weeks 1 – 2........................................................................................................... 12 Lesson 1: Urban vs rural ..................................................................................................... 12 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������� 13 Activity 1: Have a group discussion.................................................................... 13 Activity 2: Do a listening comprehension............................................................ 14 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ������������������������������������������������������������ 15 Activity 3: Read a cartoon................................................................................... 15 Activity 4: Answer questions on a cartoon.......................................................... 16 Activity 5: Read a short story.............................................................................. 16 Activity 6: Answer questions on a short story..................................................... 19 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������� 20 Activity 7: Create your own advertisement..........................................................20 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �������������������� 21 Activity 8: Sentence structure.............................................................................21 Activity 9: Concord..............................................................................................22 UNIT 1: Weeks 3 – 4...........................................................................................................24 Lesson 2: Equality in democracy ........................................................................................24 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������� 25 Activity 10: Listen to a reading text.....................................................................25 Activity 11: Do a prepared reading......................................................................26 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ������������������������������������������������������������ 26 Activity 12: Read and discuss a drama...............................................................26 Activity 13: Study a poem...................................................................................29 Activity 14: Study a photo...................................................................................32 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������� 33 Activity 15: Write a letter of appreciation ............................................................33 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �������������������� 34 Activity 16: Idioms, proverbs and euphemisms...................................................34 Activity 17: Stems, prefixes and suffixes.............................................................35 UNIT 1: Weeks 5 – 6...........................................................................................................36 Lesson 3: News media........................................................................................................36 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������� 37 Activity 18: Discuss a telephone conversation....................................................37 Activity 19: Present a role play............................................................................38 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ������������������������������������������������������������ 39 Activity 20: Read a contract................................................................................39 Activity 21: Do a comprehension........................................................................ 41

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

Activity 22: Read and discuss a poem................................................................ 41 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������� 43 Activity 23: Write a report...................................................................................43 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �������������������� 46 Activity 24: Conjunctions.....................................................................................46 Activity 25: Direct and indirect speech................................................................ 47 UNIT 1: Weeks 7 – 8...........................................................................................................49 Lesson 4: Buying local ........................................................................................................49 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������� 50 Activity 26: Do a listening comprehension..........................................................50 Activity 27: Give an unprepared speech............................................................. 51 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ������������������������������������������������������������ 52 Activity 28: Read an extract from a novel...........................................................52 Activity 29: Read and discuss a poem................................................................54 Activity 30: Read for comprehension .................................................................55 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������� 56 Activity 31: Write a descriptive essay..................................................................56 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �������������������� 57 Activity 32: Regular and irregular verbs..............................................................57 UNIT 1: Weeks 9 – 10.........................................................................................................59 Lesson 5: Checking in!........................................................................................................59 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������� 60 Activity 33: Listen to a newspaper report............................................................60 Activity 34: Present a report................................................................................ 61 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ������������������������������������������������������������ 62 Activity 35: Read a magazine article...................................................................62 Activity 36: Read and discuss a poem................................................................65 Activity 37: Read a newspaper report.................................................................67 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������� 68 Activity 38: Write a newspaper report.................................................................68 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �������������������� 70 Activity 39: Mood................................................................................................70 Activity 40: Sentences........................................................................................ 71 UNIT 2: Weeks 1 – 2...........................................................................................................73 Lesson 6: The wonder of water ...........................................................................................73 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������� 74 Activity 41: Listen to a story................................................................................ 74 Activity 42: Have a discussion............................................................................76 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ������������������������������������������������������������ 77 Activity 43: Read and discuss folklore................................................................77 Activity 44: Read and discuss poetry..................................................................80 Activity 45: Read a will and testament................................................................82 Activity 46: Write a summary..............................................................................85 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������� 86 Activity 47: Write a diary entry............................................................................86 © Impaq

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �������������������� 86 Activity 48: Generalisations................................................................................86 UNIT 2: Weeks 3 – 4...........................................................................................................88 Lesson 7: Subsistence farming............................................................................................88 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������� 89 Activity 49: Listen to a role play..........................................................................89 Activity 50: Do an unprepared reading................................................................91 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ������������������������������������������������������������ 93 Activity 51: Read a drama...................................................................................93 Activity 52: Read a poem....................................................................................96 Activity 53: Read a magazine article...................................................................97 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������� 98 Activity 54: Write a text review............................................................................98 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS �������������������� 99 Activity 55: Verbs................................................................................................99 UNIT 2: Weeks 5 – 6......................................................................................................... 102 Lesson 8: iSimangaliso Wetland Park ............................................................................... 102 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 103 Activity 56: Listen to a speech.......................................................................... 103 Activity 57: Participate in a discussion..............................................................104 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 105 Activity 58: Read a short story..........................................................................105 Activity 59: Read a poem.................................................................................. 108 Activity 60: Read a cartoon............................................................................... 109 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ����������������������������������������������������111 Activity 61: Write an agenda and minutes..........................................................111 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 113 Activity 62: Adjectives....................................................................................... 113 UNIT 2: Weeks 7 – 8......................................................................................................... 115 Lesson 9: Corporate responsibility .................................................................................... 115 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ������������������������������������������������������116 Activity 63: Listen to a radio advertisement...................................................... 116 Activity 64: Analyse an advertisement.............................................................. 117 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �����������������������������������������������������������119 Activity 65: Study a graph................................................................................. 119 Activity 66: Revise a summary.......................................................................... 121 Activity 67: Revise literature.............................................................................. 122 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 123 Activity 68: Review an advertisement............................................................... 123 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 124 Activity 69: Nouns............................................................................................. 124 Activity 70: Pronouns........................................................................................ 125 UNIT 3: Weeks 1 – 2......................................................................................................... 126 Lesson 10: Online safety................................................................................................... 126

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 127 Activity 71: Listen to a negotiations dialogue..................................................... 127 Activity 72: Discuss a will and testament.......................................................... 128 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 129 Activity 73: Read an abridged will and testament............................................. 129 Activity 74: Read a poem.................................................................................. 131 Activity 75: Read a cartoon............................................................................... 133 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 134 Activity 76: Write a will and testament............................................................... 134 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 135 Activity 77: Concrete and abstract nouns.......................................................... 135 Activity 78: Paronyms and polysemes.............................................................. 136 UNIT 3: Weeks 3 – 4......................................................................................................... 138 Lesson 11: What is art? .................................................................................................... 138 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 139 Activity 79: Listen to an interview...................................................................... 139 Activity 80: Discuss a CV.................................................................................. 140 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 143 Activity 81: Read a short story.......................................................................... 143 Activity 82: Read a poem.................................................................................. 145 Activity 83: Do a comprehension...................................................................... 147 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 150 Activity 84: Write a cover letter and CV............................................................ 150 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 152 Activity 85: Synonyms and antonyms............................................................... 152 TERM 3: Weeks 5 – 6.......................................................................................................154 Lesson 12: Body language................................................................................................154 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 155 Activity 86: Listen to a debate........................................................................... 155 Activity 87: Participate in a discussion.............................................................. 157 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 158 Activity 88: Read a novel.................................................................................. 158 Activity 89: Read a poem.................................................................................. 160 Activity 90: Read an excerpt............................................................................. 162 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 164 Activity 91: Write a reflective essay...................................................................164 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 165 Activity 92: Conjunctions and transitions.......................................................... 165 UNIT 3: Weeks 7 – 8......................................................................................................... 167 Lesson 13: Wonders of the world ...................................................................................... 167 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 168 Activity 93: Listen to a speech..........................................................................168 Activity 94: Present a speech........................................................................... 170 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING �����������������������������������������������������������171 Activity 95: Read a short story.......................................................................... 171 © Impaq

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

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Activity 96: Read a poem.................................................................................. 174 Activity 97: Do a comprehension...................................................................... 175 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 179 Activity 98: Write an invitation........................................................................... 179 Activity 99: Write an acceptance letter.............................................................. 180 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 181 Activity 100: Paragraphs................................................................................... 181 UNIT 3: Weeks 9 – 10....................................................................................................... 183 Lesson 14: Playing sports .................................................................................................183 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 184 Activity 101: Tell a story....................................................................................184 Activity 102: Present a dialogue........................................................................186 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 187 Activity 103: Read a drama............................................................................... 187 Activity 104: Read a poem................................................................................190 Activity 105: Do a reading comprehension....................................................... 191 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 194 Activity 106: Write an agenda...........................................................................194 Activity 107: Write minutes................................................................................196 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 197 Activity 108: Pronouns...................................................................................... 197 UNIT 4: Weeks 1 – 2 ........................................................................................................199 Lesson 15: Becoming a role model ...................................................................................199 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 200 Activity 109: Do a listening comprehension......................................................200 Activity 110: Discuss meeting procedures.........................................................202 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 204 Activity 111: Read a short story.........................................................................204 Activity 112: Read a poem................................................................................206 Activity 113: Do a reading comprehension........................................................208 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 210 Activity 114: Write a letter of application............................................................ 210 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 211 Activity 115: Active and passive voice............................................................... 211 UNIT 4: Weeks 3 – 4......................................................................................................... 213 Lesson 16: Formal relationships ....................................................................................... 213 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 214 Activity 116: Listen to a recorded dialogue........................................................ 214 Activity 117: Participate in a discussion............................................................. 215 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 216 Activity 118: Read a novel................................................................................. 216 Activity 119: Read a poem................................................................................ 218 Activity 120: View a cartoon..............................................................................220 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 222 Activity 121: Write an email...............................................................................222

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 223 Activity 122: Nouns...........................................................................................223 UNIT 4: Weeks 5 – 6.........................................................................................................226 Lesson 17: Forensics ........................................................................................................226 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 227 Activity 123: Role-play a situation.....................................................................227 Activity 124: Have a conversation.....................................................................228 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 229 Activity 125: Read a youth novel.......................................................................229 Activity 126: Read a poem................................................................................ 231 Activity 127: Do a reading comprehension........................................................233 Activity 128: Write a summary..........................................................................236 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 237 Activity 129: Write an obituary..........................................................................237 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 238 Activity 130: Cause and effect..........................................................................238 UNIT 4: Weeks 7 – 8.........................................................................................................240 Lesson 18: How do you chill? ...........................................................................................240 SECTION 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING ����������������������������������������������������� 241 Activity 131: Revise listening strategies............................................................. 241 Activity 132: Revise speaking activities............................................................. 242 SECTION 2: READING AND VIEWING ���������������������������������������������������������� 243 Activity 133: Revise a short story......................................................................243 Activity 134: Revise poetry................................................................................246 Activity 135: Revise comprehension activities..................................................248 SECTION 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING ��������������������������������������������������� 249 Activity 136: Revise transactional writing texts.................................................249 SECTION 4: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ������������������ 253 Activity 137: Revise spelling patterns................................................................253 RUBRICS..........................................................................................................................255 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................261

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

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PREFACE RECOMMENDED BOOKS All texts needed to facilitate this year are either in this guide or in the study guide. However, additional reading in the learner’s free time is very beneficial. Here is a short list of ageappropriate books: • Lord of the Flies (William Golding) • The Harry Potter series (J.K. Rowling) • Inkheart (Cornelia Funke) • Animal Farm (George Orwell) • The Host (Stephenie Meyer) • Diary of a Young Girl (Anne Frank) • Nibbling on Einstein’s Brain: The Good, The Bad and The Bogus in Science (Diane Swanson)

INTRODUCTION The study guide and facilitator’s guide is organised into 4 units and 18 lessons. Each lesson is taught over 2 weeks.

• • • • •

Unit 1 has five themed lessons.

Unit 2 has four themed lessons and a mid-year examination.

Unit 3 has five themed lessons.

Unit 4 has four themed lessons and a year-end examination.

At the end of Unit 1 and 3, learners write term tests, and at the end of Units 2 and 4 they write examinations.

At the beginning of each lesson is a list of skills covered in that lesson.

Each lesson has four sections: • Listening and speaking • Reading and viewing • Writing and presenting • Language structures and conventions Note that many of the language structures and conventions skills are combined with other sections, and are, therefore, not stated explicitly.

Each of these sections contains activities with an allocated time (refer to the Timetable and Time Management for further details about the lesson and activity times.)

At the end of each lesson are remedial and extension activities, which you may complete if time allows. These may also be used to prepare for examinations.

All rubrics for writing are at the back of this guide.

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT Grade 9 English First Additional Language allocates 9 hours for each 2-week lesson: • • • •

Listening and speaking: 2 hours Reading and viewing: 3 hours Writing and presenting: 3 hours Language structures and conventions: 1 hour

Each activity in this book has been developed to meet these times.

It is suggested that you account for 6 English lessons per week; 12 English lessons per 2-week lesson.

Each week in your timetable should include: • • • • •

2 x 30-minute listening and speaking activities 1 x 30-minute reading and viewing activity 1 x 1-hour reading and viewing activity 1 x 1-hour writing and presenting activity 1 x 30-minute language structures and conventions activity

ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS Refer to the portfolio book for all tasks that count toward the learners’ year marks.

Each examination consists of four papers: Paper 1 is an oral examination, Paper 2 consists of a comprehension, language and a summary, Paper 3 is a writing examination, and Paper 4 is response to literature.

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

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LESSON ELEMENTS

VOCABULARY

The meaning of new words to fully understand the text/content.

TIPS

A useful hint to help improve skills.

LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS

Key language elements to be studied, understood and applied to the content of the lesson.

ACTIVITY

Core content and questions to test the learner’s knowledge.

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

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STUDY TIPS AND METHODS FOR LEARNERS 1. Make a study plan.

Study over the course of a week, not just in one night.

Revisiting the information moves it from short-term memory (the kind that disappears almost immediately) to long-term memory, where you can retrieve it for later.

2. Start as soon as you know when your test is.

3. Know what will be in your test or exam.

4. Get some sleep.

You need as much sleep as you can get otherwise you will be too sleepy to study.

5. Eat a good breakfast.

Studies show that learners who eat breakfast before a test consistently do better.

6. Avoid the last-minute cram session.

Studying the night before the test will make it even more difficult as you’ll be sleep deprived, groggy, and your mind will not be firing on all pistons.

7. Study right after waking and just before bed.

In the morning, your mind is fresh and clear. At night, your brain secretes chemicals to cement the information into your memory.

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YEAR PLAN

UNIT

DATE STARTED

LESSON

DATE COMPLETED

Lesson 1: Urban vs rural Lesson 2: Equality in democracy 1

Lesson 3: News media Lesson 4: Buying local Lesson 5: Checking in!

Lesson 6: The wonder of water

2

Lesson 7: Subsistence farming Lesson 8: iSimangaliso Wetland Park Lesson 9: Corporate responsibility Lesson 10: Online safety Lesson 11: What is art?

3

Lesson 12: Body language Lesson 13: Wonders of the world Lesson 14: Playing sports Lesson 15: Becoming a role model

4

Lesson 16: Formal relationships Lesson 17: Forensics Lesson 18: How do you chill?

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Unit

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

UNIT 1: Weeks 1 – 2

Lesson 1: Urban vs rural Skills

Activity

Time allocation

Have a group discussion

Activity 1

1 hour

Do a listening comprehension

Activity 2

1 hour

Read a cartoon

Activity 3

30 min.

Answer questions on a cartoon

Activity 4

1 hour

Read a short story

Activity 5

1 hour

Answer questions on a short story

Activity 6

45 min.

Activity 7

2 hours

Sentence structure

Activity 8

1 hour

Concord

Activity 9

30 min.

Listening and speaking

Reading and viewing

Writing and presenting Create your own advertisement Language structures and conventions Sentence level work

Remedial activity Answer questions on a text Extension activity Draw a cartoon

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 1

SECTION 1:

Unit

1

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Activity 1: Have a group discussion 1 hour

Ask learners to study the advertisement in Activity 1. Read the advertisement below to them.

Spectacular three-bedroom house on view this weekend. The rooms are spacious and the finishes are new.

The property boasts well-manicured gardens and ample guest parking space. It is a mere 5 km drive from the CBD, yet has a relaxing country feel. This house is perfect for first-time buyers or couples planning to start a family. Contact Emily van den Broek ASAP on 089 000 1234.

Their discussion must be 15 – 20 minutes.

Discussions are a way to interact with your peers about a particular subject. When you take part in a group discussion you: 1.

Defend a position 2.

Negotiate 3.

Fill in the gaps 4.

Exchange ideas and share experiences 5.

Encourage other members in the group to share their points of view 6.

Take turns 7.

Initiate and sustain a conversation 8.

Show an understanding of concepts.

Abbreviations Revise abbreviations. Ask learners to identify the abbreviations used in the advertisement.

CBD: This is an initialism. Each letter in the abbreviation represents a word: Central Business District.

ASAP: This is an acronym and stands for as soon as possible.

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Unit

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 2: Do a listening comprehension 1 hour

Read the text to the learners twice. Next, the learners read the questions in the study guide.

Read the text to the learners a third time before allowing them to answer the questions.

Encourage them to take notes while you read.

Read the radio advertisement below.

Hi, my name is Thoko. I am a taxi driver from Diepsloot. I have been driving people from the rural areas in northern Johannesburg to the city centre and back again every day for the past 10 years. My taxi never breaks down because I maintain it properly. I always have fuel and you are assured of getting to your destination safely and on time. Please call me on 097 456 8724 if you need a chauffeur, and I will make sure you arrive at your destination safe and sound.

The learners answer the questions on their own.

Activity 2: MEMORANDUM 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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A taxi driver who wants people to use his taxi service.

He uses words such as ‘assured’ and ‘safely’ that are meant to persuade you to choose him over another taxi service.

He says his taxi never breaks down, he maintains it properly, he always has fuel and he assures you that you will reach your destination safely and on time.

Learner’s own answer.

A chauffeur is a person employed to drive a private or hired car to personally collect and drop you off at your destination, often at a higher price than normal public transport.

Thoko lives in Diepsloot, a rural area. a) Thoko/name b) Proper noun/common noun I was a taxi driver from Diepsloot.

Learner’s own answer.

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 2

SECTION 1:

Unit

1

READING AND VIEWING

Activity 3: Read a cartoon 30 minutes

A cartoon is a visual text created for enjoyment and entertainment. We enjoy cartoons because they make us laugh and show us the funnier side of situations.

When you study a cartoon, you must look at what and how things are said or drawn that make you laugh. You must be able to identify and discuss the purpose and message of the cartoon using these techniques: Skimming and scanning Skim the cartoon to get an idea of what it is about. Scan the cartoon and quickly read the dialogue. For example, are there speech bubbles or is the text written in the frames?

Careful and accurate skimming and scanning will help you make inferences about the meaning, the characters and the setting of the cartoon, will show you how punctuation and font have been used and will indicate the body language/interaction between the characters in the cartoon.

Intensive reading This will help you to identify the purpose and message of the cartoon. Every cartoon is written for a particular reason and has a particular message for its readers.

Making inferences Making an inference means to draw a conclusion on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

The evidence in a cartoon are the words, images, and the way elements are set out. It will help you reach a conclusion about its message, meaning, and purpose.

Study the cartoon together.

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Unit

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Discuss the cartoon. Ask learners whether they find the cartoon humorous.

Discuss what makes the cartoon humorous (the humour is contained in the signpost – most of the village people work in the city during the week, turning it into a ghost town during the week).

Activity 4: Answer questions on a cartoon 1 hour

The learners complete the activity on their own.

Activity 4: MEMORANDUM 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Shacks/squatters, a man walking down the street / a dog / a signpost.

Yes, there is a signpost with words on it.

The text is set in a signpost. The word ‘population’ is written in a large font, the other words are in a smaller font.

Noun.

He seems like a loner who may be unemployed as he is walking the streets in the middle of the day.

It is a poor area.

That the area has many people who work in the city during the week, but travel home at the weekends.

The cartoon is humorous because it shows that the village is mostly populated on the weekends. During the week, the population count decreases because people are working in other areas or are travelling to school.

His shoulders are slumped and he looks tired and dejected. He is seemingly unemployed.

There is an assumption that people living in the rural areas depend heavily on the city for employment.

Learners’ own answers.

Activity 5: Read a short story 1 hour

A short story is generally between three and five pages long but can be shorter. Short stories usually deal with a few characters and concentrate on the mood rather than the plot.

They also generally focus on one incident; have a single plot, a single setting, and a small number of characters.

Encourage learners to read the short stories at least twice before answering the questions.

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Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

1

‘Watching sunsets we never see’ Shelley Blignaut

I wake up to Mama standing over me holding some coffee and oily bread. I take it from her and dunk the bread into the warm milky coffee until it is soggy, and I can slop it into my mouth. She looks at me and smiles, that same guilt-soaked smile as I sometimes give utamkhulu, the only difference is he can’t see mine.

‘I learn enough from the city, Mama,’ I say in response to her thoughts.

‘But you should be at school with your brothers and sisters,’ she says, and I can see that her eyes are welling up now.

‘Yes, and utamkhulu should never have been born blind.’ I don’t look at her as I say it and I get up quickly and pick my way through mattresses and sleeping children.

He is waiting for me at the doorway, looking as smart as ever in his collared shirt and fedora.

The town is busy today. A Merc flashes me. He thinks I am the paperboy again. No matter, I will play the stupid street-child. I lead utamkhulu to the window and hold out my hand.

‘Where’s my paper, boy?’ he says.

I gesture to utamkhulu. He opens his mouth, but then his cellphone starts ringing. He waves me away as he picks it up. I gently tug utamkhulu to the next car.

‘Did we get anything?’ he asks.

‘He had a look, but he didn’t have any change,’ I say.

The traffic light turns green.

‘Green,’ I say. Utamkhulu steps back towards the curb.

As the light turns red a young guy pulls up with a large exhaust and tinted windows. He opens his window just a little as we approach.

‘Don’t even try and spray my windscreen with crap,’ he says to me.

Utamkhulu squeezes my arm. I slump down on the curve and breathe in the petrol and burned tyre smell. I put my head on my knees. I notice there is something moving on the ground, it takes me a moment to realise that it is the shadow of the car in front of me.

‘Green, ’mkhulu, green!’ I shout, jumping up from the curb. The hooters go off. And I stop breathing. He steps back unharmed, save for his fedora which is blown off from the rush of the cars.

‘I am so sorry ’mkhulu.’ I throw my arms around him and feel his body trembling.

‘Were they angry? I didn’t mean to—’ the words stumble out of him.

‘They weren’t angry, ’mkhulu no one was angry.’ I can see he is still a little shaken.

‘Let me get your hat,’ I say.

The light turns red.

It was black. Definitely black.

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Unit

Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ English First Additional Language

I looked up just in time before it hit. I am sure it saw me, it must have. I am sure they would have slammed on brakes; I think I even heard the skidding. But those fancy cars, they go fast to keep up with their drivers. It didn’t hurt, but it felt like someone had hit me in the stomach, a good and proper one that takes all the air out of you. It went black then and I thought of utamkhulu lost on a page of darkness trying to feel the grooves that the words have made on it to find his way.

It is his face that I see when I open my eyes again, his tears dropping on my face, his hands rubbing red blood between his fingers.

‘Is this blood?’ He is shouting, holding up his red-gloved hand. ‘Is this my son’s blood? Can someone tell me what is happening?’

‘Mkhulu,’ I manage to get out.

He can’t speak, the tears are coming fast now, and his chest is heaving. ‘Mkhulu, I can see it now and you will see it too. Not with these eyes.’ I lift my hand, it is littered with pieces of gravel and scraped skin, and I touch the space where his eyes should have been.

‘Every colour imaginable, ’mkhulu! I wish I could show it to you, I wish we could see it together. It is like …’

‘I know,’ he says, and he finds my lips with his fingers. ‘I have seen it.’ Each of his words is laboured and spurted out between sobs. ‘Every time you described something to me, umzukulwana, I saw it.

Your words painted the world better than I could have seen it.’

My eyelids are getting heavy now and I so want to see the lights again … maybe if I just close them for a little while …. until the medicine men come …

‘And now my sight is gone,’ is the last thing I hear him say.

Growing up in a rural village Nothando Kbukeli

I had grown up looking after my father’s goats, sheep and cows in the mountains on his farm, Kleinplaas, near Cradock in the Eastern Cape. It was a big farm, with hundreds of animals. My sister and I looked after them together and we were very happy. For me, childhood was a wonderful time.

My father was a wealthy man because he had so much livestock. My brother had gone off to Johannesburg to look for work, which left only my sister and me to look after the animals. So, my father took me out of school after I had completed Grade 5, to help him. My mother was not happy about it. She said, ‘You need to go to school because you will need an education later in your life.’ But my father, who loved me deeply, disagreed and let me look after the animals.

Vocabulary in context Read through the words with learners: welling: (of a liquid) rise up to the surface and spill or be about to spill. umzukulwana: grandchild

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