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ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE STUDY GUIDE Grade 8

English First Additional Language Study guide

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Grade 8

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

CONTENTS

LESSON ELEMENTS...................................................................................................................................12 RECOMMENDED READING.....................................................................................................................13 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................14 YEAR PLAN..................................................................................................................................................15 UNIT 1: WEEKS 1 – 2................................................................................................................................16 LESSON 1: CELEBRATE CULTURE ........................................................................................................16 Section 1: Listening and speaking........................................................................................................17 Activity 1: Take part in a group discussion ......................................................................................17 Activity 2: Do a listening comprehension.........................................................................................19 Activity 3: Reading aloud .......................................................................................................................20 Section 2: Reading and viewing.............................................................................................................23 Activity 4: Discuss the features of a short story ............................................................................23 Activity 5: Read a short story.................................................................................................................24 Activity 6: Discuss a short story ...........................................................................................................28 Activity 7: Answer questions on a short story ...............................................................................28 Section 3: Writing and presenting........................................................................................................29 Activity 8: Plan a narrative or reflective essay................................................................................29 Activity 9: Draft a narrative or reflective essay ............................................................................32 Activity 10: Edit a narrative or reflective essay .............................................................................32 Activity 11: Write a narrative or reflective essay...........................................................................32 Activity 12: How to write an email .....................................................................................................32 Activity 13: How to write an interview .............................................................................................34 Activity 14: How to design and make a brochure .........................................................................37 Activity 15: Write an obituary ...............................................................................................................40 Section 4: Language structures and conventions..........................................................................42 Activity 16: Adverbs of place and degree ........................................................................................42 Activity 17: Pronouns................................................................................................................................43 Activity 18: Subject-verb agreement ..................................................................................................43 Activity 19: Synonyms, antonyms, literal and figurative meaning.........................................45 UNIT 1: WEEKS 3 – 4................................................................................................................................50 LESSON 2: ‘FRIENDS, ROMANS, COUNTRYMEN …’ ..........................................................................50 Section 1: Listening and speaking........................................................................................................51 Activity 20: Listen to a speech ..............................................................................................................51 Activity 21: Prepare and present a speech ......................................................................................52 Section 2: Reading and viewing.............................................................................................................54 Activity 22: Read a speech ......................................................................................................................54 Activity 23: Discuss a speech .................................................................................................................56 Activity 24: Study a visual text ..............................................................................................................56 Section 3: Writing and presenting........................................................................................................57 Activity 25: Brainstorm ideas for a speech .....................................................................................57 Activity 26: Plan your speech and write the first draft ..............................................................58

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 27: Revise and edit your first draft ....................................................................................58 Activity 28: Proofread and write your speech ...............................................................................58 Section 4: Language strucures and conventions............................................................................59 Activity 29: Nouns and gerunds ...........................................................................................................59 Activity 30: Diminutives ..........................................................................................................................60 Activity 31: Finite and non-finite verbs and prepositions.........................................................61 Activity 32: Adjectives: comparative and superlative..................................................................63 Activity 33: Verb phrases, adjectival and adverbial clauses......................................................65 Activity 34: Conjunctions and abbreviations...................................................................................67

UNIT 1: WEEKS 5 – 6................................................................................................................................72 LESSON 3: IMAGES IN ACTION ..............................................................................................................72 Section 1: Listening and speaking........................................................................................................73 Activity 35: Listen to and discuss an audio-visual text...............................................................73 Activity 36: Do a listening comprehension.......................................................................................74 Activity 37: Reconstruct a scene...........................................................................................................74 Section 2: Reading and viewing.............................................................................................................75 Activity 38: Read an extract from a novel.........................................................................................75 Activity 39: Identify the key features of a novel.............................................................................77 Activity 40: Compare two stories.........................................................................................................78 Activity 41: Read for comprehension.................................................................................................79 Activity 42: Study a poem: ‘Zooropa’ (U2)........................................................................................79 Section 3: Writing and presenting........................................................................................................84 Activity 43: Read a friendly letter.........................................................................................................84 Activity 44: Plan a letter...........................................................................................................................86 Activity 45: Write the first draft and revise your letter..............................................................87 Activity 46: Proofread and present your letter...............................................................................87 Section 4: Language structures and conventions..........................................................................88 Activity 47: Adverbs of manner, time, place and degree.............................................................88 Activity 48: Definite and indefinite articles.....................................................................................92 Activity 49: Noun phrases .......................................................................................................................93 Activity 50: Negatives................................................................................................................................95 UNIT 1: WEEKS 7 – 8................................................................................................................................99 LESSON 4: MONEY TALKS .....................................................................................................................99 Section 1: Listening and speaking ....................................................................................................100 Activity 51: Discuss a magazine article ..........................................................................................103 Activity 52: Give an unprepared speech ........................................................................................103 Section 2: Reading and viewing..........................................................................................................107 Activity 53: Read a magazine article ..............................................................................................107 Activity 54: Discuss a magazine article ..........................................................................................110 Activity 55: Answer questions on a magazine article .............................................................110 Activity 56: Read a poem ......................................................................................................................111 Activity 57: Discuss a poem ................................................................................................................111 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................112 © Optimi

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 58: Plan a magazine article ................................................................................................112 Activity 59: Write the first draft.........................................................................................................115 Activity 60: Revise and edit the first draft ....................................................................................115 Activity 61: Write the magazine article ..........................................................................................115 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................115 Activity 62: Interjections.......................................................................................................................115 Activity 63: Simple tense ......................................................................................................................118 Activity 64: Adjectives and adverbs .................................................................................................121 Activity 65: Bias, prejudice and stereotypes .............................................................................122 Activity 66: Denotation and connotation ....................................................................................123

UNIT 1: WEEKS 9 – 10........................................................................................................................... 127 LESSON 5: TAKE A SHO’T LEFT! ...................................................................................................... 127 Section 1: Listening and speaking ....................................................................................................128 Activity 67: Features of interviews...................................................................................................130 Activity 68: Do an interview................................................................................................................131 Activity 69: Do a listening comprehension....................................................................................132 Section 2: Reading and viewing..........................................................................................................133 Activity 70: Read an investigation report .....................................................................................133 Activity 71: Discuss an investigation report.................................................................................135 Activity 72: Read a poem: ‘Scatterlings of Africa’ (Johnny Clegg).......................................135 Activity 73: Answer questions on a poem......................................................................................137 Section 3: Writing and presenting.....................................................................................................137 Activity 74: Plan an investigation report........................................................................................137 Activity 75: Draft an investigation report......................................................................................138 Activity 76: Revise, edit, proofread, and present an investigation report.......................138 Section 4: Language structures and conventions.......................................................................139 Activity 77: Revise types of sentences.............................................................................................139 Activity 78: Synonyms and antonyms..............................................................................................141 Activity 79: The apostrophe and ellipsis........................................................................................143 UNIT 2: WEEKS 1 – 2............................................................................................................................. 148 LESSON 6: CURIOUS CATS ................................................................................................................... 148 Section 1: Listening and speaking ....................................................................................................149 Activity 80: Do a listening comprehension....................................................................................151 Activity 81: Give an unprepared speech.........................................................................................152 Section 2: Reading and viewing ........................................................................................................154 Activity 82: Read a visual text.............................................................................................................154 Activity 83: Answer questions on a visual text............................................................................156 Activity 84: Read a poem: ‘Mr. Mistoffelees’ (T.S. Eliot)...........................................................156 Activity 85: Discuss a poem.................................................................................................................158 Activity 86: View a visual text and make a summary................................................................158 Section 3: Writing and presenting ..................................................................................................160 Activity 87: Plan a poster......................................................................................................................160 Activity 88: Design a poster.................................................................................................................160

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 89: Edit and present a poster.............................................................................................161 Activity 90: Read a review....................................................................................................................161 Activity 91: Write the first draft of a review.................................................................................166 Activity 92: Revise and edit a review...............................................................................................166 Activity 93: Proofread and present a review................................................................................166 Activity 94: Write a descriptive essay..............................................................................................167 Activity 95: Write the first draft.........................................................................................................168 Activity 96: Revise and edit the first draft.....................................................................................168 Activity 97: Proofread and present the essay...............................................................................169 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ....................................................................169 Activity 98: Common and proper nouns........................................................................................169 Activity 99: Revise pronouns...............................................................................................................170 Activity 100: Verb phrase......................................................................................................................171 Activity 101: Revise spelling patterns: comma and full stop.................................................171

UNIT 2: WEEKS 3 – 4............................................................................................................................. 177 LESSON 7: THE LAND OF MAKE-BELIEVE .................................................................................... 177 Section 1: Listening and speaking ..................................................................................................178 Activity 102: Have a panel discussion.............................................................................................181 Activity 103: Take part in a debate...................................................................................................184 Section 2: Reading and viewing .....................................................................................................185 Activity 104: Read a myth and answer questions......................................................................185 Activity 105: Read a poem and answer questions: ‘Cinderella’ (Roald Dahl)................188 Activity 106: Read cartoon strips and answer questions........................................................192 Section 3: Writing and presenting .................................................................................................194 Activity 107: Plan a dialogue...............................................................................................................194 Activity 108: Draft a dialogue..............................................................................................................195 Activity 109: Write, edit, and proofread a dialogue...................................................................196 Activity 110: Plan an advertisement................................................................................................196 Activity 111: Draft an advertisement...............................................................................................198 Activity 112: Write, edit, and proofread an advertisement....................................................198 Activity 113: Plan an argumentative essay....................................................................................198 Activity 114: Draft an argumentative essay..................................................................................200 Activity 115: Write, edit, and proofread an argumentative essay.......................................200 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................200 Activity 116: Questions..........................................................................................................................200 Activity 117: Direct speech...................................................................................................................201 Activity 118: Homonyms and homophones..................................................................................202 Activity 119: Spelling patterns...........................................................................................................203 UNIT 2: WEEKS 5 – 6............................................................................................................................. 208 LESSON 8: ‘MOUNTAIN IN THE SEA’ ................................................................................................ 208 Section 1: Listening and speaking ...................................................................................................209 Activity 120: Listen to an interview.................................................................................................210 Activity 121: Do an interview..............................................................................................................211 © Optimi

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Section 2: Reading and viewing..........................................................................................................211 Activity 122: Read an extract from a play: Panorama (Pieter-Dirk Uys)..........................211 Activity 123: Answer questions on an extract from a play.....................................................218 Activity 124: Read a poem: ‘Ode to Table Mountain’ (Kevin Butler)..................................218 Activity 125: Answer questions on a poem...................................................................................220 Activity 126: Do a reading comprehension...................................................................................220 Section 3: Writing and presenting.....................................................................................................222 Activity 127: Plan a written interview............................................................................................ 222 Activity 128: Write the first draft......................................................................................................223 Activity 129: Revise and edit the interview..................................................................................223 Activity 130: Proofread and present the interview...................................................................223 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................223 Activity 131: Euphemisms....................................................................................................................223 Activity 132: Sentence mood...............................................................................................................225 Activity 133: Puns....................................................................................................................................226 Activity 134: Abbreviations.................................................................................................................227

UNIT 2: WEEKS 7 – 8............................................................................................................................. 229 LESSON 9: ‘THE BLUE PLANET’ ....................................................................................................... 229 Section 1: Listening and speaking ...................................................................................................229 Activity 135: Have a group discussion.............................................................................................230 Activity 136: Do a listening comprehension.................................................................................231 Section 2: Reading and viewing ........................................................................................................231 Activity 137: Read an extract from a novel....................................................................................231 Activity 138: Do a reading comprehension...................................................................................233 Activity 139: Read a poem: ‘Fire and Ice’ (Robert Frost)........................................................233 Section 3: Writing and presenting ..................................................................................................235 Activity 140: Plan a story review.......................................................................................................235 Activity 141: Draft a story review.....................................................................................................240 Activity 142: Edit and write a story review...................................................................................241 Section 4: Language structures and conventions .....................................................................241 Activity 143: Prefixes and suffixes....................................................................................................241 Activity 144: Subject-verb agreement.............................................................................................242 Activity 145: Paronyms..........................................................................................................................243 UNIT 3: WEEKS 1 – 2............................................................................................................................. 246 LESSON 10: UNSOCIAL MEDIA? ........................................................................................................ 246 Section 1: Listening and speaking ...................................................................................................247 Activity 146: Have a group discussion.............................................................................................248 Activity 147: Do a listening comprehension.................................................................................248 Section 2: Reading and viewing ........................................................................................................249 Activity 148: Read an extract from a movie screenplay...........................................................249 Activity 149: Read a poem: ‘This is me’..........................................................................................253 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................255 Activity 150: Plan a dialogue...............................................................................................................255

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 151: Draft a dialogue..............................................................................................................256 Activity 152: Edit a dialogue................................................................................................................256 Activity 153: Write a dialogue.............................................................................................................256 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................256 Activity 154: Adjectives: comparative and superlative............................................................256 Activity 155: Proper nouns..................................................................................................................257 Activity 156: Question form.................................................................................................................257 Activity 157: Antonyms and synonyms...........................................................................................258 Activity 158: Revise acronyms............................................................................................................259

UNIT 3: WEEKS 3 – 4............................................................................................................................. 261 LESSON 11: ART MATTERS .............................................................................................................. 261 Section 1: Listening and speaking ...................................................................................................262 Activity 159: Listen to a letter to the editor..................................................................................263 Activity 160: Have a group discussion.............................................................................................264 Section 2: Reading and viewing ......................................................................................................264 Activity 161: Read a news article.......................................................................................................264 Activity 162: Read a one-act play......................................................................................................266 Activity 163: Answer questions on a one-act play ....................................................................272 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................272 Activity 164: Write a letter to the press .........................................................................................272 Activity 165: Write the first draft......................................................................................................273 Activity 166: Revise and edit the first draft..................................................................................274 Activity 167: Proofread and present your letter.........................................................................275 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................275 Activity 168: Bias in language.............................................................................................................275 Activity 169: Revise prepositions......................................................................................................277 Activity 170: Spelling patterns...........................................................................................................278 UNIT 3: WEEKS 5 – 6............................................................................................................................. 281 LESSON 12: YOU’RE HIRED! .............................................................................................................. 281 Section 1: Listening and speaking ...................................................................................................282 Activity 171: Do an unprepared speech..........................................................................................285 Activity 172: Listen to a speech..........................................................................................................286 Section 2: Reading and viewing ........................................................................................................287 Activity 173: Read an extract from a novel....................................................................................287 Activity 174: Read a poem: ‘I love my job’ (The lost Dr. Seuss poem)...............................291 Activity 175: View a cartoon and answer questions.................................................................292 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................293 Activity 176: Write a letter of application......................................................................................293 Activity 177: Write the first draft......................................................................................................295 Activity 178: Revise and edit a letter...............................................................................................295 Activity 179: Proofread and present a letter................................................................................296 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................296 Activity 180: Practise adjectives........................................................................................................296 © Optimi

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Activity 181: Practise adverbs............................................................................................................301 Activity 182: Practise past continuous tense................................................................................302 Activity 183: Practise future continuous tense............................................................................303

UNIT 3: WEEKS 7 – 8............................................................................................................................. 307 LESSON 13: LOOK OUT WORLD, HERE I COME! ......................................................................... 307 Section 1: Listening and speaking ....................................................................................................308 Activity 184: Listen to an information text....................................................................................310 Activity 185: Tell a story........................................................................................................................312 Section 2: Reading and viewing .......................................................................................................313 Activity 186: Read an extract from a novel....................................................................................313 Activity 187: Read a poem: ‘The Unexplorer’ (Edna St. Vincent Millay)...........................318 Activity 188: Do a reading comprehension...................................................................................319 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................322 Activity 189: Write a short story........................................................................................................322 Activity 190: Plan a short story..........................................................................................................323 Activity 191: Draft a short story.........................................................................................................323 Activity 192: Revise and edit a short story....................................................................................323 Activity 193: Proofread and present a short story.....................................................................323 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................323 Activity 194: Revise proper nouns....................................................................................................323 Activity 195: Revise proverbs and idioms.....................................................................................325 Activity 196: Revise abbreviations...................................................................................................330 UNIT 3: WEEKS 9 – 10........................................................................................................................... 333 LESSON 14: BE A GOOD SPORT ......................................................................................................... 333 Section 1: Listening and speaking ....................................................................................................334 Activity 197: Listen to a story read aloud......................................................................................336 Activity 198: Do prepared reading....................................................................................................336 Section 2: Reading and viewing ........................................................................................................338 Activity 199: Read an extract from a novel....................................................................................338 Activity 200: Read a poem: ‘Thinking’ (Walter D. Wintle)......................................................345 Activity 201: View a visual text..........................................................................................................346 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................347 Activity 202: Write a descriptive or argumentative essay......................................................347 Activity 203: Write the first draft of a descriptive or argumentative essay....................349 Activity 204: Revise and edit the first draft..................................................................................350 Activity 205: Proofread and present the essay............................................................................350 Section 4: Language structures and conventions .....................................................................350 Activity 206: Complex noun phrases...............................................................................................350 Activity 207: Revise types of paragraphs.......................................................................................352 Activity 208: Revise synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms..................................................354 UNIT 4: WEEKS 1 – 2............................................................................................................................. 357 LESSON 15: ROME WASN’T BUILT IN A DAY … ............................................................................. 357

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Section 1: Listening and speaking ....................................................................................................358 Activity 209: Do a listening comprehension.................................................................................359 Activity 210: Group discussion about a magazine article.......................................................361 Section 2: Reading and viewing ........................................................................................................363 Activity 211: Read a magazine article..............................................................................................365 Activity 212: Read a poem: ‘Beowulf’..............................................................................................368 Activity 213: View a visual text..........................................................................................................372 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................373 Activity 214: Plan a newspaper or magazine article.................................................................373 Activity 215: Draft a newspaper or magazine article...............................................................374 Activity 216: Edit a newspaper or magazine article..................................................................374 Activity 217: Write a newspaper or magazine article..............................................................375 Activity 218: Run a survey....................................................................................................................375 Activity 219: Plan a report....................................................................................................................380 Activity 220: Write the first draft......................................................................................................380 Activity 221: Revise and edit the first draft..................................................................................380 Activity 222: Proofread and present your report.......................................................................381 Section 4: Language structures and conventions .....................................................................381 Activity 223: Revise singular and plural.........................................................................................381 Activity 224: Revise gender.................................................................................................................382 Activity 225: Revise diminutives.......................................................................................................382 Activity 226: Revise fact and opinion..............................................................................................383

UNIT 4: WEEKS 3 – 4............................................................................................................................. 387 LESSON 16: I’LL BE THERE FOR YOU … ........................................................................................ 387 Section 1: Listening and speaking ....................................................................................................388 Activity 227: Take part in a debate...................................................................................................390 Activity 228: Have a group discussion.............................................................................................391 Section 2: Reading and viewing ........................................................................................................392 Activity 229: Read an extract from a novel....................................................................................392 Activity 230: Read a poem: ‘Lean on Me’........................................................................................397 Activity 231: Do a reading comprehension...................................................................................399 Section 3: Writing and presenting ..................................................................................................401 Activity 232: Brainstorm ideas for a diary entry........................................................................401 Activity 233: Write the first draft of a diary entry.....................................................................404 Activity 234: Revise and edit diary entries...................................................................................404 Activity 235: Proofread and present diary entries....................................................................404 Activity 236: Brainstorm and plan a narrative essay................................................................405 Activity 237: Write the first draft......................................................................................................405 Activity 238: Revise and edit an essay.............................................................................................405 Activity 239: Proofread and present an essay..............................................................................406 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ......................................................................406 Activity 240: Revise pronouns............................................................................................................406 Activity 241: Revise mood....................................................................................................................408 Activity 242: Revise gerunds...............................................................................................................409 © Optimi

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

UNIT 4: WEEKS 5 – 6............................................................................................................................. 411 LESSON 17: WHO ARE YOU? ............................................................................................................ 411 Section 1: Listening and speaking ...................................................................................................412 Activity 243: Watch an audio-visual text and answer questions.........................................414 Activity 244: Brainstorm and plan a dialogue..............................................................................414 Activity 245: Write the first draft......................................................................................................416 Activity 246: Revise and edit the first draft..................................................................................416 Activity 247: Proofread and present your dialogue..................................................................416 Section 2: Reading and viewing .......................................................................................................417 Activity 248: Read an extract from a play......................................................................................417 Activity 249: Write a scene from a play..........................................................................................424 Activity 250: Read a poem: ‘I’m nobody! Who are you?’ (Emily Dickinson)...................426 Activity 251: View a visual text and answer questions............................................................428 Section 3: Writing and presenting ....................................................................................................429 Activity 252: Plan a blog post..............................................................................................................429 Activity 253: Draft a blog post............................................................................................................429 Activity 254: Proofread and edit a blog post................................................................................429 Activity 255: Write and present a blog post..................................................................................430 Section 4: Language structures and conventions .....................................................................430 Activity 256: Revise plurals..................................................................................................................430 Activity 257: Revise compare and contrast...................................................................................431 UNIT 4: WEEKS 7 – 8............................................................................................................................. 435 LESSON 18: TAKE TIME OUT .......................................................................................................... 435 Section 1: Listening and speaking ..................................................................................................436 Activity 258: Give a prepared speech...............................................................................................437 Activity 259: Do a prepared reading................................................................................................438 Activity 260: Do an unprepared reading........................................................................................441 Activity 261: Do a role play in class..................................................................................................442 Section 2: Reading and viewing .......................................................................................................452 Activity 262: Do a reading comprehension...................................................................................452 Activity 263: Write a film review.......................................................................................................454 Activity 264: Read a poem: ‘Fireflies in the Garden’ (Robert Frost)...................................456 Section 3: Writing and presenting .................................................................................................457 Activity 265: Write a narrative essay...............................................................................................457 Activity 266: Write a descriptive essay...........................................................................................459 Activity 267: Write a friendly letter..................................................................................................460 Activity 268: Write an email................................................................................................................460 Section 4: Language structures and conventions ....................................................................460 Activity 269: Revise idioms..................................................................................................................460 Activity 270: Revise adverbs, spelling, and mood......................................................................462 RUBRICS.................................................................................................................................................... 465 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ 479 IMAGE REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................. 484 11

LESSON ELEMENTS

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Vocabulary The meaning of new words to fully understand the text/content.

Tips A useful hint to help improve skills.

Language structures and conventions

Key language elements that must be studied, understood and applied to the content of the lesson.

Activity

Core content and questions to test the learner's knowledge.

For the curious

Encouragement to do in-depth research about the content. Expand the activity and exercise to such an extent that learners are encouraged to explore.

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

RECOMMENDED READING

All the texts for this year are either in the facilitator’s guide or this study guide. However, you need to read as much as you can – this will help broaden your vocabulary, develop your imagination and improve your memory. Besides, books can take you anywhere you want to go! Look at the bookshelf and find a new book to read.

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

INTRODUCTION

This study guide is organised into 4 units and 18 lessons. Each lesson is taught over 2 weeks. • • • • •

Unit 1 has five themed lessons. Unit 2 has four themed lessons and a mid-year examination. Unit 3 has five themed lessons. Unit 4 has four themed lessons and a year-end examination. At the end of units 2 and 4, you write exams.

Each lesson has 4 sections: 1. Listening and speaking 2. Reading and viewing 3. Writing and presenting 4. Language structures and conventions

Each of these sections contains activities. At the beginning of each lesson is a list of the topics covered in that lesson. At the end of each lesson are remedial and extension activities, which you may complete if time allows.

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

UNIT

YEAR PLAN

LESSON

DATE STARTED

DATE COMPLETED

LESSON 1: Celebrate culture

LESSON 2: ‘Friends, romans, countrymen …’ LESSON 3: Images in action LESSON 4: Money talks

LESSON 5: Take a sho’t left! LESSON 6: Curious cats 2

LESSON 7: The land of make-believe LESSON 8: ‘Mountain in the sea’ LESSON 9: ‘The blue planet’

LESSON 10: Unsocial media?

LESSON 11: Art matters

LESSON 12: You’re hired!

LESSON 13: Look out world, here I come! LESSON 14: Be a good sport

LESSON 15: Rome wasn’t built in a day … 4

LESSON 16: I’ll be there for you … LESSON 17: Who are you? LESSON 18: Take time out

Unit

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

UNIT 1: Weeks 1 – 2

LESSON 1: Celebrate culture In this lesson you will: • • • • • • • • •

take part in a group discussion do a listening comprehension discuss features of a short story read and discuss a short story answer questions on a short story plan, draft, and edit a narrative or reflective essay plan, draft, and edit an email, interview, brochure or obituary practise subject-verb agreement practise nouns, adverbs, and punctuation

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 1

Unit

Listening and speaking

Activity 1: Take part in a group discussion

We may not always like speaking up in class or in front of an audience, but remember, discussions in class, or in general, can help you in many ways: 1.

Participation makes things interesting.

When you answer and participate your facilitator can see how much you understand.

A good question can make you think or wonder why.

If your facilitator asks questions about assigned reading or about information in your study guide, it helps you to prepare for tests and examinations.

Participation can be used to develop important speaking skills. In many occupations, people must be able to speak up in a group. They may have to share information, ask questions, or argue for a different solution. People do not learn to speak up in a group by reading about how to do it, you must practise it.

Participation gives you the opportunity to practise using English in a more formal situation. It is very different from having a conversation with your friends and family. Practise using good English in class and broaden your vocabulary.

Unit

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

An Indian bride’s hands decorated with mehndi (henna)

What do you think of when you hear the word ‘culture’? What does your culture mean to you? We must always be respectful of others’ cultures even if we do not understand it. Read the story about Maya Angelou, the poet, and the incident with the carpet. During a trip to Senegal, Maya Angelou was invited to dinner by her friend, Samia. Passing a room where people stood close to the wall to avoid standing on the rug, Angelou became very angry. ‘I had known a woman in Egypt who would not allow her servants to walk on her rugs, saying that only she, her family and friends were going to wear out her expensive carpets. I was very disappointed in my friend, Samia.’

She decided to challenge this ridiculous idea and walked back and forth across the carpet. ‘The guests who were bunched up on the sidelines smiled at me weakly.’ Soon afterwards, servants came, rolled up the rug, took it away and brought in a fresh one. Samia then came in and announced that they would be serving one of Senegal’s most popular dishes in honour of Angelou. And as the guests sat down on the floor where glasses, plates, cutlery and napkins were laid out on the carpet, Angelou realised the full extent of her mistake and was ‘on fire with shame.’ ‘Clever and so proper Maya Angelou, I had walked up and down over the tablecloth … In an unfamiliar culture, it is wise to offer no innovations, no suggestions, or lessons.’ Would you have been embarrassed if you were attending the dinner? What would you have done in this instance? Would you have told Angelou to stop what she was doing? Why do you think none of the guests spoke up? Let’s talk about different cultures. Use these points to guide your discussion:

1. 2. 3.

How many countries’ cultures do you know? What are some of the interesting things you know about the specific culture? Can you describe something from a culture different to your own? For example, how other cultures celebrate special holidays, such as Diwali, Hanukkah, Eid Mubarak and Easter? Tell the class or your facilitator what you know about any of these celebrations.

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

4. 5. 6.

What do you think makes South African culture special? What do you enjoy most about your culture? Why do you think it is important that we learn about other cultures and how people live and celebrate?

Unit

The Maneki-neko, a popular Japanese figure, often believed to bring good luck.

London, a popular destination for tourists.

Beautiful arts and crafts in a South African market.

Activity 2: Do a listening comprehension Pre-listening Your facilitator will read an article to you. It is about the Arctic and how people survive there.

During listening Make notes of important points as you listen. You will be asked questions on some of the details of the article. Listen carefully and think about some of the points discussed in the article. • What is the main idea of the article? • Are there any unfamiliar words? • Specific details in the article. Post-listening Arrange your notes in a logical order to answer the questions.

Think about this … People who live in the Arctic find a way to make a home and survive. But what motivates them to stay there? Do some research or discuss it with your friends. 19

Unit

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Have a short discussion about the text, using these questions to guide you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What is the main idea? Can you relate to the content in the article? What is a kayak? Name four things people who live in the Arctic use for transport. Would you be able to survive in that environment? Why or why not? If the Arctic is the one extreme with its ice and snow, what would the other extreme be?

Activity 3: Reading aloud Read the tips for reading aloud and then choose a section of the story on the next page to read aloud. You can read the whole story for fun, but only prepare 2 paragraphs to read aloud. Tips for reading aloud • • • • • • • • •

Understand what you are reading. Form a picture in your mind of what the story is about. Let your voice show the emotion in the story. Vary the pitch of your voice letting it go high or deep as appropriate. Vary the pace at which you read. Vary the volume of your voice: read some parts loudly and others more softly. Pronounce the words correctly making sure you end the word clearly. Use punctuation correctly: pause for a full stop, shorter pause for comma, volume and emotion for exclamation marks, a questioning tone for questions, and so on. Use good body language by standing or sitting in a relaxed yet interested way; make eye contact with the listener.

Spend some time practising your selection and then read it aloud to your facilitator. chador: A large piece of cloth wrapped around the head and upper body leaving only the face exposed, worn especially by Muslim women. bowler hat: A man’s hard felt hat with a round dome-shaped crown. baklava: A dessert originating in the Middle East made of filo pastry filled with chopped nuts and soaked in honey. River Thames: Pronunciation: /tεmz/. A large river that flows through London.

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

‘The beauty of difference’ Shirin was still quite young when her parents sent her away from her home in Tehran to live in London. Shirin did not like the idea of going to live with her cousins in England, but her mother told her, ‘It is best, little one. It is no longer safe here and you will have an exciting new life in England, and you will make all kinds of new friends.’ During the long flight to England, Shirin tried to imagine what her new life would be like. She was determined to do well at school, and she told herself that she would make her parents very proud. I can do this, she thought. I can do this as easy as picking flowers.

Then the little girl fell asleep and dreamed of what London would be like. She dreamed about tall clocks and wide rivers, she pictured old men in bowler hats, ladies with umbrellas, bright red buses and the big house where the Queen lived with all her guards in their tall fuzzy hats and long boots.

But when she arrived at the airport, Shirin noticed with surprise that she was the only one wearing a chador. A girl standing close by pointed and laughed and asked her mummy: ‘Why is she wearing a big cloth wrapped around her like that?’ Shirin wanted to tell the little girl that it was not a big cloth, it was a chador, and in Tehran, many of the girls and their mothers and grandmothers wore a chador because it was a part of their culture. London was a very strange place. Shirin had trouble understanding what people were saying and it turned out that not just anyone could go and say hello to the Queen in her big house even though there must have been a hundred rooms in which to welcome visitors and have tea. When the day arrived for Shirin to go to her new school, she was very nervous.

‘I don’t want to go,’ she protested. ‘I don’t know anyone, and people keep staring at me!’

‘There are many girls at school who wear a chador just like you,’ said her aunt. ‘I am sure you will make many friends today; you just wait and see.’ But it did not go that way at all, not at first. The girls in her class pointed and laughed and they did not want to make friends with the new girl because she was different from them. It didn’t feel good to be so different from others and Shirin wished once more that she was back home with her mother. It was during lunch break, as she was sitting in the corner of the playground planning her big escape back to Tehran, that a young boy approached her. ‘My name is Stephen,’ said the boy. ‘Would you like to share some of my milkshake with me?’ Shirin thought the milkshake tasted amazing and had to stop herself from drinking it all. 21

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Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

‘Don’t pay any attention to others. They are mean to me too sometimes because I live with my mum and it’s just the two of us. My mum is brilliant and looks after me really well, but we don’t have much money and they always laugh at me because they say I am poor and have dirty clothes.’ Stephen looked down at his blazer and shoes and shrugged. ‘They’re not dirty, they’re just old.’ The young boy suddenly broke into a big smile. ‘They are silly anyway. What do they know!’

‘You’re right,’ she said. ‘What do they know anyway!’ And in exchange for giving her some of his milkshake, Shirin pulled four pieces of baklava from her pocket and shared the sweet pastries with her new friend. ‘I think your headscarf looks cool,’ said Stephen, as he wolfed down a whole piece of baklava in one go. ‘It’s called a chador,’ Shirin told him. ‘Well, it looks really cool,’ he said.

Soon the two were swapping stories and Shirin told Stephen all about life in Tehran, and Stephen told Shirin about all the great things you could do in London, like play in the big park or go to the zoo or the cinema. There was even a huge wheel that you could ride in.

‘They built it right on the edge of the River Thames. It’s massive!’ he exclaimed as he made a big circle in the air with his arms. Well, it was not too long before the other children noticed how much fun Shirin and Stephen were having, and very soon they began to gather round to join in the games and the stories.

Before the bell rang, there was a big group of children all gathered around listening to Shirin tell stories about her life in Tehran; about how she had hidden under her bed when she heard the bombs dropping from the sky at night, or about how she would visit her crazy uncle who lived in a big house on the beach. In turn, Shirin asked about England and why it was so cold even though it was summertime, and why the Queen didn’t like visitors. This made the children laugh. On her way across the playground, Shirin felt very grateful to Stephen because he had shown her something very important. ‘It is okay to be different,’ she told herself, ‘in fact, it is really quite beautiful.’

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 2

Unit

Reading and viewing

Activity 4: Discuss the features of a short story Remember, not all short stories contain all these aspects. Features of a good story Below is a diagram of the structure of a story. Study it and remember the steps when you are writing a story or an essay.

The most exciting part of the story; when we learn the outcome.

Ac ti ing

Ris

Where the main character faces a series of conflicts.

Climax

Beginning of the story where characters and setting are introduced.

Events leading to the end of the story.

End of the story.

Resolution

Exposition

Like a novel, a short story is a fictional narrative. A short story is not a character sketch, a legend, fable or a moral tale. A short story can be read in one sitting. Characters are often placed in a single event, the setting only briefly described, and dialogue is sometimes kept to a minimum. Every word in a good short story counts and must reveal a bit of the story. • •

The background of the story tells us who wrote the story and the historical context. This is often relevant to the meaning of the story. The introduction sets the scene and introduces the character/s.

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• • • • • • • • •

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

The SETTING is the TIME OR THE ENVIRONMENT in which a story takes place. Characters: Short stories usually have only one or two main characters, but this is not a rule. The PLOT is the SERIES OF EVENTS IN WHICH THE CHARACTERS ARE INVOLVED. It is ‘what happens’. The rising action is the incidents that build towards the climax. The climax is the most intense point in the story, where everything comes to a head, and things could go either way. The falling action is the events after the climax which lead to a resolution. The resolution is how the story ends; how the challenge, problem or conflict is overcome. The theme is the central idea in a story. The message is what the story is showing or teaching us. In a fable, it is often the moral of the story

Activity 5: Read a short story Do you know the parts of a book? Look at the books in the picture and read about the function of each part. • •

• • •

Book cover On the cover of the book you will find the names of the author, illustrator and publisher. Title page Provides the title, subtitle, author and publisher of the book. Other information that may be found on the title page can include where the publisher is located and the year of publication.

Table of contents A list of topics or parts of a book (chapters) and the page numbers on which they begin. A table of contents is found at the beginning of a book. Glossary Appears at the back of the book and is an alphabetical list of terms or words and their meanings or definitions.

Index An index is a roadmap to the book and can help you find information. It lists names, places, and things in alphabetical order and gives the page numbers for each topic.

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

There are many ways we can read a text, a story or a cartoon.

Reading techniques 1.

Pre-reading is what you do before you read something.

Skimming is looking over something to get an overview of what it is about. For example, you skim the newspaper headlines to get the main news of the day. You read the title of a book before deciding whether you want to read it. Scanning is not reading every word but running your eye over something looking for specific information. For example, scan a list looking for the name of someone you know. During reading is what you do while you read.

Intensive reading in which you read something to get all the details and differences in meaning. To infer means to make sense of an unfamiliar word’s meaning by looking at the context in which it appears and by looking at the words around it. Take note of punctuation and font. For example, I will NEVER understand him! (capital letters add emphasis; the exclamation mark shows feelings of exasperation and helplessness) Make notes to record important details.

Post-reading is what you do when you have finished reading.

After reading, you can complete activities such as have a discussion, write a summary, make a mind map or answer questions to ensure you understand what you have read.

A church in the Karoo

Read the short story on the next page three times. It is the tale of Tant Rensie, whose unusual loyalty to her nurse transcends the harsh segregation laws of their Karoo town. The story is set during apartheid which makes the relationship between Tant Rensie and Sofietjie even more important. It is a story about friendship that goes beyond any barriers of colour or culture.

Tant: ‘Aunt’ in Afrikaans hermit: A person who lives alone and does not want contact with society. dorp: ‘Town’ in Afrikaans Pre-reading 1. What is your first thought when you read the title of the story? © Optimi

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

During reading 2. What theme(s) can you find in the story? 3. There is a simile in the third paragraph, what is it and what is being compared?

Post-reading 4. Do you think there are many elderly people who are lonely and who do not receive visitors? What reasons could there be for this? ‘Soup for the sick’ (Hennie Aucamp) Tant Rensie went to her rest years ago, but she remains one of the most fascinating people I remember from my childhood. She was not an exceptional person, she was shy, although not a hermit. She regularly attended church functions and fetes, and from time to time she visited the Scottish doctor or old Mr and Mrs Verwey. But this was very occasionally, and later not at all. Her health troubled her.

She would have no help from outside. Sofietjie, her lifelong nurse and friend, was enough for her. Even when it began to look as if her end was near, no family came to visit. Twenty years before that, she and Sofietjie had arrived in our Karoo dorp and had moved into the tower house that stood on the edge of town. Even then she had received no family visits. Whoever tried to talk to Tant Rensie about her past came up against her mysterious smile. But people remained curious – there was something different about the friendship between Tant Rensie and Sofietjie. If Sofietjie appeared, as quietly as a cat, in the doorway, Tant Rensie knew it even if she sat with her back towards her. ‘Tea,’ she would say to Sofietjie, and Sofietjie would glide back into the dim passage. Sofietjie knew her place as the older people would say. But still, there was something between them.

One evening I became very aware of the silent relationship between Tant Rensie and Sofietjie. It was the first time I ever saw Sofietjie step out of line. Tant Rensie had been ill for some time, more frequently in bed than out of it. Ma, who was the district nurse, sent me with a pot of soup to Tant Rensie’s house. When no one answered the door, I simply walked in, since the front door was open. Tant Rensie’s bedroom door was also open, and Sofietjie sat on the bed next to Tant Rensie with her brown hands folded protectively over Tant Rensie’s. Two old people, both grey-haired, the one white and serene, the other brown. They were whispering, but when they saw me, they stopped talking and looked up calmly and innocently. ‘Oh, Stevie, soup!’ Tant Rensie tried to sit up against the pillows. ‘Partridge soup,’ I reported with pride. ‘I shot it myself.’ ‘Go and fetch plates and spoons for all of us, Sofie …’ 27

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Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Nervously, I protested when Sofie offered me a plate. I had already eaten. ‘Have some soup,’ said Tant Rensie. ‘Go on.’

Why did Tant Rensie act so strangely? Did she see in me the government and its rules that she had resisted for so many years? Or did she want to ‘educate’ me? What I realised then was that between these two people was a bond I could not understand. Sofietjie died before Tant Rensie and Tant Rensie wanted Sofietjie buried in the garden in front of her house. This was not allowed by the town council. Then Tant Rensie asked that Sofietjie should be buried among white people. The Women’s Association protested and finally, poor Sofietjie was buried in the cemetery just the other side of the coloured location. Tant Rensie died not too long after. Everyone said she didn’t want to live any longer. Her will was an odd one. The town inherited her money to build a hospital, but she had one condition: she wanted to be laid to rest next to Sofietjie.

Activity 6: Discuss a short story Have a short discussion about the features of the short story in Activity 5. Use these points as part of your discussion: • Are there characters in the story? • What is the climax of the story? • What is the setting? • Is there a message in the story? • If you had to illustrate the story, what would you draw?

Activity 7: Answer questions on a short story Read the short story in Activity 5 again and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

What is the title of the story? Who is the author? Have you ever driven through the Karoo or seen pictures of it? Describe what the Karoo looks like. Do some research if necessary. What is a fete? Give a few examples of things we can do at fetes. Why do you think Tant Rensie chose the house at the edge of town? What is a partridge? Why do you think Tant Rensie made Stevie have some soup even though he said he had eaten already? Why could Sofietjie not be buried with ‘white people’? Sending someone who is ill a pot of soup is part of many cultures. What do people in your culture do for those who are ill or not feeling well? How would you feel if you were not allowed to visit your friend? 28

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

SECTION 3

Unit

Writing and presenting

Activity 8: Plan a narrative or reflective essay Just for fun! Let’s write a story … Do not worry too much about spelling, grammar or punctuation at this stage, what’s more important is that you have fun.

Take a few minutes to look at the pictures and write a story. Remember, you will need a storyline (what happens), characters and setting. Write as much as you want or as little, but just write! We have added some questions next to each picture to give your imagination a little help. You do not have to use them; this is your story.

• • •

Who lives here? Why does the house look like this? Is there a secret in the house?

• •

Do you know who’s there? Do you want to find out or would you rather not? Is it a friend or an enemy?

• •

Who is this pirate? What’s his pet rat’s name? You could even write it from the rat’s point of view. What is he looking at?

•

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Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Notes about a narrative essay • It can be fiction or based on real life. • It is usually written in the past tense. • Uses an interesting opening sentence to hook the readers. • It has a good plot or storyline. • Holds the reader’s interest throughout the story. • Uses an unusual, interesting or satisfactory ending. • Brings in some sounds, sights, tastes or smells. • Uses descriptions of people or places.

What is a reflective essay? A reflective essay gives the writer’s views, ideas and thoughts on a subject. In a reflective essay, we contemplate (think about) something that has happened to us or something we experienced. It is usually something we feel strongly about. It analyses the meaning of the experience and what we learnt from it. A reflective essay may be about: • A real experience • Something you imagine • A place or special object • A person who influenced you • Something you have read, watched or heard

Tips for writing a reflective essay These are guidelines only – you do not have to answer all the suggested questions in each paragraph. 1. Write in the first person using ‘I, me, my’. Do not overuse this point of view and sometimes state directly what you saw or heard. 2. The tone is important: Do not lecture others and be sincere in what you write. 3. Choose an interesting title. 4. Before you do any writing, decide what your subject is and the message you want to communicate. This will be the main thing you learnt from the experience and how it has changed you and the way you feel about something. Use this structure for your reflective essay: • Introductory paragraph: Explain what your reflection is about. Give a vivid description of the setting/place where you had the experience. • Second paragraph: What happened? What did you expect to happen? • Third paragraph: How did you feel? Why did you feel this way? How did others feel? Who were there? Is this like something else you have experienced? • Fourth paragraph: What did you learn from this experience? Did it change you in any way? Would you do things differently now? Did it have a positive or negative impact on you? What have you learnt about yourself from this experience? • Concluding paragraph: Explain how the experience changed you. Restate the main message and what you have gained from the experience. Can you use this to help someone else? © Optimi

Study Guide G08 ~ English First Additional Language

Unit

A very important part of writing an essay is planning. Use a mind map to outline your thoughts and get your ideas together. Close your eyes and form a clear mental picture of what you will be describing or the story you will be telling. Write your main topic in the middle of the page and then all the ideas branching out from there. We have used ‘Puss in Boots’ as an example.

Leaves home to find his fortune Poor miller’s son

King

Princess

‘Puss in Boots’

Inherits a cat

Gives the king gifts

Marries the poor miller’s son Cat can talk

Kills ogre

Topics for the narrative essay: • A random act of kindness. • A journey or holiday you really enjoyed/did not enjoy. • The time you got lost. • The old tree in the garden. • My grandparents’ house. • You can travel back in time … Topics for the reflective essay: • An embarrassing experience. • Walking in the woods/on the beach/hiking in nature. • What is the best gift someone ever gave you? • You had to admit you were wrong: How did it feel? • Moving to another city. • What do you like most about yourself?

Write either a narrative or reflective essay. Your essay must be 180 – 210 words (4 – 7 paragraphs).