Gr 6-Social Sciences-Study Guide History 1

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SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDY GUIDE: HISTORY Grade 6

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

Social Sciences Study guide: History

2006-E-SOS-SG01

Í4&È-E-SOS-SG01OÎ

Grade 6

CAPS aligned

E van Emmenes

G06 ~ Social Sciences: History

Contents

Lesson elements.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Preface............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Year plan........................................................................................................................................................8 Unit 1: An African kingdom long ago in Southern Africa........................................................... 10 Lesson 1: Changes in the society in the Limpopo Valley.............................................................................. 11 Lesson 2: Settlements before Mapungubwe – K2 and Schroda................................................................ 13 Activity 1..................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Unit 2: Mapungubwe – the first state in Southern Africa ...........................................................15 Lesson 3: The king and his holy leadership....................................................................................................... 16

Activity 2......................................................................................................................................................................17

Lesson 4: The first rock-walled palace................................................................................................................18

Lesson 5: The importance of Mapungubwe Hill..............................................................................................19 Lesson 6: The first formal village ..........................................................................................................................20 Activity 3..................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Lesson 7: Social classes of Mapungubwe............................................................................................................20

Lesson 8: The Golden Rhinoceros and other artefacts................................................................................. 22 Lesson 9: Trade across Africa and the Indian Ocean.....................................................................................24 Lesson 10: Trade goods..............................................................................................................................................24

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 26

Unit 3: Change and continuity in East Coast trade.........................................................................27 Lesson 11: Great Zimbabwe..................................................................................................................................... 27 Activity 4..................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Unit 4: European explorers in Asia.................................................................................................... 30

Lesson 12: Marco Polo................................................................................................................................................ 31 Activity 5..................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Lesson 13: Marco Polo’s influence on European traders............................................................................. 33

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 35

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Study Guide

Unit 5: European explorers discover Southern Africa.................................................................36

Lesson 14: Reasons for European exploration................................................................................................. 37 Lesson 15: Leonardo da Vinci..................................................................................................................................40

Activity 6..................................................................................................................................................................... 42

Lesson 16: Galileo Galilei........................................................................................................................................... 43 Activity 7.....................................................................................................................................................................44

Lesson 17: New ideas and knowledge................................................................................................................. 45 Lesson 18: Inventions – gunpowder, the compass and caravels.............................................................. 45 Revision exercise....................................................................................................................................................48

Unit 6: Trade and profit..........................................................................................................................49 Lesson 19: European trade routes to the East via Southern Africa........................................................50

Lesson 20: Bartolomeu Dias meets the Khoikhoi........................................................................................... 51 Lesson 21: Vasco da Gama’s voyage......................................................................................................................53

Lesson 22: The Dutch East India Company....................................................................................................... 55

Revision exercise.....................................................................................................................................................57

Unit 7: Democracy and citizenship.................................................................................................... 58

Lesson 23: How people govern themselves in a democracy – our national government..............60

Lesson 24: 1994 – the first democratic South African government....................................................... 61 Project.......................................................................................................................................................................... 63

Lesson 25: Parliament’s role.................................................................................................................................... 66 Lesson 26: The importance of rules and laws..................................................................................................68

Lesson 27: The legal system and equality according to the law...............................................................69 Lesson 28: Citizens’ rights and responsibilities in a democracy..............................................................69

Lesson 29: The Constitutional Court....................................................................................................................73

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 75

Unit 8: Children’s rights and responsibilities.................................................................................76 Lesson 30: The Children’s Charter of South Africa.........................................................................................78

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 79

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G06 ~ Social Sciences: History

Unit 9: National symbols since 1994..................................................................................................82 Lesson 31: The coat of arms ....................................................................................................................................83

Lesson 32: The national flag.................................................................................................................................... 86

Lesson 33: The national anthem............................................................................................................................ 87 Revision exercise....................................................................................................................................................90

Unit 10: Medical science over the years............................................................................................91 Lesson 34: Indigenous healing in South Africa................................................................................................ 92 Lesson 35: Identification and training of new healers.................................................................................94

Unit 11: Modern Western healing.......................................................................................................96

Lesson 36: The fight against smallpox and Edward Jenner’s role .......................................................... 97 Lesson 37: The relationship between germs and diseases and Louis Pasteur’s role......................99

Lesson 38: Germs that cause tuberculosis and Robert Koch’s role.......................................................101

Lesson 39: The first antibiotics and Alexander Fleming’s role.............................................................. 102 Unit 12: The link between holistic and Western healing ........................................................110

Lesson 40: The difference between holistic and Western healing....................................................... 110

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................. 111

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................... 113 Bibliography............................................................................................................................................ 116

Addendum................................................................................................................................................ 117

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Study Guide

Learning objectives What learners should

know at the end of the

lesson according to CAPS requirements.

Lesson elements

Important terminology

Tips

New terminology to assist

Any information other

with the understanding of the subject as part of the lesson.

than the content, to guide learners through the learning process.

Activity Define Definitions of concepts to understand the content.

Questions to complete to

test learners’ knowledge of the completed lesson.

For the curious Encouragement to do

in-depth research about the content. Expand the

activity and exercise to such an extent that learners are

encouraged to explore. For gifted learners: expanded

Core content

Study/Revision

Emphasise the core of

Time spent studying the

the content; in-depth

explanation of a specific section of the lesson;

learners must understand

content at the end of the

unit and to prepare for a test or examination.

exercises. For Learners with Special Educational Needs

(LSEN): Explain the need to

complete the basic questions to achieve a pass mark.

this content.

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G06 ~ Social Sciences: History

Preface

What is History and how is it presented?

History is the study of change and development in society over time. History will enable you to

see how past human action has an impact on the present; and to evaluate and understand how

it influences the future.

History is a process of investigating and asking questions about the past:

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What happened?

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What was the impact of events and decisions on society?

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When did it happen?

Why did it happen?

When people know what happened in the past, they can learn from past mistakes and prevent it from happening again. This is especially important when social, political and economic decisions are made in any society.

The specific aim of History is creating the following: ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

An interest in and enjoyment of the study of the past.

Knowledge, understanding and appreciation of things that happened in the past.

The ability to participate in a historical enquiry, to participate in research and projects throughout the year.

To develop cognitive and other skills necessary for holistic educational development.

To help us understand the present and even predict future events.

To ensure responsible citizenship.

You should learn how to apply history knowledge and skills in source-based questions and longer questions like paragraphs and essays. Sources may include cartoons, articles, case

studies, comprehension tests, photos and pictures. To be able to interpret sources, you should

not only memorise facts and content but learn to apply knowledge as well. Additional sources like CAPS prescribed textbooks may also be used in conjunction with this study guide.

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Study Guide

Year plan

Keep the following in mind when planning your year:

●● ●● ●●

Be realistic and flexible

Keep your other subject timetables in mind

Allow for enough time to study for tests and examinations

Term

Unit and lesson

Date started

Date completed

Unit 1: An African kingdom long ago in Southern Africa Lesson 1: Changes in the society in the Limpopo Valley Lesson 2: Settlements before Mapungubwe – K2 and Schroda

Unit 2: Mapungubwe – the first state in Southern Africa

Lesson 3: The king and his holy leadership Lesson 4: The first rock-walled palace

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Lesson 5: The importance of Mapungubwe Hill Lesson 6: The first formal village

Lesson 7: Social classes of Mapungubwe

Lesson 8: The Golden Rhinoceros and other artefacts Lesson 9: Trade across Africa and the Indian Ocean Lesson 10: Trade goods

Unit 3: Change and continuity in East Coast trade

Lesson 11: Great Zimbabwe

Unit 4: European explorers in Asia

Lesson 12: Marco Polo Lesson 13: Marco Polo’s influence on European traders

Unit 5: European explorers discover Southern Africa

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Lesson 14: Reasons for European exploration Lesson 15: Leonardo da Vinci Lesson 16: Galileo Galilei

Lesson 17: New ideas and knowledge Lesson 18: Inventions – gunpowder, the compass and caravels

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G06 ~ Social Sciences: History Unit 6: Trade and profit 2

Lesson 19: European trade routes to the East via Southern Africa Lesson 20: Bartolomeu Dias meets the Khoikhoi Lesson 21: Vasco da Gama’s voyage

Lesson 22: The Dutch East India Company Unit 7: Democracy and citizenship

Lesson 23: How people govern themselves in a democracy – our national government Lesson 24: 1994 – the first democratic South African government Lesson 25: Parliament’s role 3

Lesson 26: The importance of rules and laws Lesson 27: The legal system and equality according to the law Lesson 28: Citizens’ rights and responsibilities in a democracy Lesson 29: The Constitutional Court Unit 8: Children’s rights and responsibilities

Lesson 30: The Children’s Charter of South Africa Unit 9: National symbols since 1994

Lesson 31: The coat of arms

Lesson 32: The national flag

Lesson 33: The national anthem

Unit 10: Medical science over the years

Lesson 34: Indigenous healing in South Africa

Lesson 35: Identification and training of new healers

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Unit 11: Modern Western healing Lesson 36: The fight against smallpox and Edward Jenner’s role Lesson 37: The relationship between germs and diseases and Louis Pasteur’s role Lesson 38: Germs that cause tuberculosis and Robert Koch’s role Lesson 39: The first antibiotics and Alexander Fleming’s role Unit 12: The link between holistic and Western healing Lesson 40: The difference between holistic and Western healing 9

Eenheid Unit 1 1 An African kingdom

long ago in Southern Africa

Learning aims After completing this unit, you must be able to do the following: ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

Know and understand basic concepts.

Understand and explain the changes in the Limpopo Valley between 900 and

1300.

Know about settlements in the Limpopo Valley preceding Mapungubwe.

Study Mapungubwe – inhabitants’ social structure and lifestyle.

Understand archaeology and the importance of archaeological studies and preservation of historic artefacts.

Describe the trade that took place.

Continuously exercise various cognitive levels: define, describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, etc.

Introduction This term and in this unit, you will learn about kingdoms in Southern Africa. It is about how communities became part of a bigger world through trade.

As you learn, try to summarise the work in order to tell your facilitator the story of Mapungubwe at the end of the unit. This is a fun way to learn!

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G06 ~ Social Sciences: History

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Important terminology BC | AD | BCE | CE c. (Circa)

Archaeologist Artefact

Lesson 1 Changes in the society in the Limpopo Valley

Define AD (Anno Domini): (literally: ‘in the year of our Lord’) the way of referring to dates after the birth of Jesus, e.g. Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 AD

BC (Before Christ): the way of referring to dates before the birth of Jesus, e,g, Julius Caesar

was born in 100 BC

BCE (Before Common/Current Era): replaces BC as a neutral, non-religious term

c. (circa): (literally: ‘approximately’) used when the specific date is unknown, e.g, Shaka

was born c. 1790 (exact date of birth unknown)

CE (Common/Current Era): replaces AD as a neutral, non-religious term Note: We no longer use BC/AD in History, but rather BCE/CE. Core content

Big changes occurred in South African farming communities between 900 and 1300.

Farming communities were initially small groups of people who lived together, but when

other farmers saw how well crops grew there and that there was an abundance of food,

more and more people moved to the Limpopo Valley.

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Study Guide

Image 1.1: Mapungubwe, K2 and Schroda’s location in Southern Africa

We are going to learn about places such as K2, Schroda, Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. The map gives us an indication of where the small villages in the Limpopo Valley were situated. The

map shows where Mapungubwe is as well as two other points – K2 and Schroda. Archaeologists believe that these two settlements merged to form Mapungubwe. A settlement is a place where

people live and establish a community.

K2 and Schroda were two small settlements where black farmers lived. The farmers who

lived there were subsistence farmers. That means they planted crops they could eat and kept

animals that could provide for their needs. Their cows gave them milk and they could slaughter

the animals for their meat. The farmers did not sell their crops to survive.

When the farmers could no longer use the soil, they moved to Mapungubwe. As the farmers moved out of Schroda and K2, the residents of Mapungubwe also moved. Archaeologists have been unable to establish why they moved.

Great Zimbabwe started at about the same time when Mapungubwe had no more residents. It is suspected that they moved to Great Zimbabwe, but we will never be able to say for sure. You

will learn more about these places in lesson 2 and unit 2.

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G06 ~ Social Sciences: History

Lesson 2 Settlements before Mapungubwe – K2 and Schroda

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Define Archaeologist: a person who does excavations to find and study prehistoric and historic artefacts or objects to help them reconstruct the past

Artefact: an object that was made and/or used in the past, e.g., furniture, clothes, utensils, tools, jewellery, etc. Artefacts can be very valuable sources of information, especially when

historians have no or little access to written information

Core content Many years ago, there were many kingdoms in Southern Africa, but information about

these kingdoms is hard to come by. These people did not record everything they did.

Archaeologists only discovered the residents’ artefacts in the 20th century.

We can draw certain conclusions about their lifestyle from the K2 and Schroda residents’ tools, jewellery and buildings. Luckily, there are some of their descendants who can give us more

information by telling us their stories and practices. The information we have so far about these two places, is the following:

During the period between 900 and 1300, there were several small villages in the Limpopo

Valley. The farmers who lived in these villages were subsistence farmers. They raised livestock and planted crops to provide for themselves and their families. The farmers used iron to make

tools and implements. Therefore, this period in our history is referred to as the Late Iron Age.

These villages were independent from each other, although a group of small villages sometimes formed part of a bigger town. The town was ruled by a chief, and older people were more

important than younger people. Men also had more power than women.

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Study Guide

K2 and Schroda were a part of the villages in the Limpopo Valley. Large herds of elephant were

found in that area, which were hunted. Farmers removed their ivory tusks and started trading them. They traded the ivory for goods like glass beads and decorative ceramic works.

Activity 1

1.

2.

3.

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Explain, in your own words, what an archaeologist is.

Explain, in your own words, what an artefact is.

How did archaeologists get information about K2 and Schroda?

(1) (1) (1)

[3]

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