Gr 6-Social Sciences-Facilitator's Guide Geography 2

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SOCIAL SCIENCES FACILITATOR’S GUIDE: GEOGRAPHY Grade 6

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

Social Sciences Facilitator’s guide: Geography

1806-E-SOS-FG02

Í2&È-E-SOS-FG023Î

Grade 6

CAPS aligned

E van Emmenes

Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

CONTENTS LESSON ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................... 3 PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... 5 TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT ........................................................................... 5 ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 6 STUDY TIPS AND METHODS ............................................................................................ 6 OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION....................................................................................... 7 YEAR PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 8

UNIT 1: Map skills ............................................................................................................ 11 Lesson 1: Hemispheres on a globe ........................................................................... 12 ACTIVITY 1 ....................................................................................................... 12 Lesson 2: Longitudes and latitudes on a globe ......................................................... 12 ACTIVITY 2 ....................................................................................................... 12 Lesson 3: Find countries and cities in longitudes and latitudes ................................. 13 ACTIVITY 3 ....................................................................................................... 13 UNIT 2: Scales .................................................................................................................. 14 Lesson 6: Measure straight line distances between cities ......................................... 15 ACTIVITY 4 ....................................................................................................... 15 UNIT 3: Atlases, global statistics and current affairs ................................................... 16 Lesson 7: How an atlas works ................................................................................... 16 ACTIVITY 5 ....................................................................................................... 16 Lesson 9: The world’s most important attributes ....................................................... 18 ACTIVITY 6 ....................................................................................................... 18 REVISION EXERCISE UNITS 1 – 3 ................................................................. 19 UNIT 4: Why people trade ............................................................................................... 20 Lesson 11: Exports and imports between South Africa and the world....................... 20 UNIT 5: Resources and their values ............................................................................... 21 Lesson 13: Values of selected raw materials and manufactured goods .................... 21 Lesson 14: Case study .............................................................................................. 21 ACTIVITY 7 ....................................................................................................... 22 UNIT 6: Fair trade ............................................................................................................. 23 REVISION EXERCISE UNITS 4 – 6 ................................................................. 23 UNIT 7: Climate across the world ................................................................................... 25 Lesson 16: The difference between weather and climate and climates around the world .......................................................................................................................... 25 UNIT 8: Tropical rain forests ........................................................................................... 26 UNIT 9: Deserts ................................................................................................................ 27 UNIT 10: Coniferous forests ........................................................................................... 28 REVISION EXERCISE UNITS 7 – 10 ............................................................... 28

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

UNIT 11: People and provinces in South Africa ............................................................ 30 ACTIVITY 8 ....................................................................................................... 30 ACTIVITY 9 ....................................................................................................... 31 UNIT 12: Why people live in specific places.................................................................. 32 UNIT 13: People across the world .................................................................................. 33

GLOSSARY....................................................................................................................... 34 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 37

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

YEAR PLAN WEEK

LESSON

DATE

DATE

STARTED

COMPLETED

Unit 1: Map skills Lesson 1 Hemispheres on the globe Lesson 2 Longitudes and latitudes on a globe Lesson 3 Find countries and cities in longitudes and latitudes

TERM 1

Unit 2: Scales Lesson 4 What is a scale?

Lesson 5 Different types of scales Lesson 6 Measure straight line distances between cities Unit 3: Atlases, global statistics and current affairs Lesson 7 How an atlas works Lesson 8 Own province in an atlas Lesson 9 The world’s most important characteristics Revision exercise Unit 4: Why people trade Lesson 10 Trade as exchange of goods Lesson 11 Exports and imports between South Africa and the world

TERM 2

Lesson 12 What people trade in: Goods and skills Unit 5: Resources and their values Lesson 13 Values of selected raw materials and manufactured goods Lesson 14 Case studies Unit 6: Fair trade Lesson 15 What is fair trade and unfair trade?

T E R

Revision exercise Unit 7: Climate across the world 8

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Lesson 16 Difference between weather and climate and the climate of the world Unit 8: Tropical rain forests Lesson 17 Where do we get the rain forests on Earth?

Unit 9: Deserts Lesson 18 Where do we get deserts on Earth?

Unit 10: Coniferous forests Lesson 19 Where do we get coniferous forests on Earth?

Unit 11: People and provinces in South Africa

TERM 4

Lesson 20 Population distribution and population density Unit 12: Why people live in specific places Lesson 21 Reasons for the location of settlements Unit 13: People across the world Lesson 22 Population distribution across the world

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

1

UNIT 1: Map skills LEARNING AIMS: After you have completed this unit, learners must be able to do the following:

   



Understand and work with a variety of resources – including maps, data and pictures.

Use and draw maps.

Identify and extract information from texts, atlases and other resources, including visual resources like pictures.

Work with data and statistics in the form of graphs, tables and diagrams.

Check information by using the various resources.

INTRODUCTION It is important for you as facilitator to help learners understand the differences between a globe and a map. Talk about the keys we get in everyday life, for example the sign of a man on a door. The symbol says that only men are allowed there and not ladies. Think of a few more examples and discuss these with the learners.

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

1

Lesson 1: Hemispheres on a globe ACTIVITY 1

This is a schematic depiction of the Earth. Fill in the hemispheres, as well as the most important longitude and latitude.

1.1.

Northern hemisphere

1.6.

Greenwich Meridian

1.5 Equator

1.2.

Southern hemisphere

1.3. Western hemisphere

1.4. Eastern hemisphere

[6]

Lesson 2: Longitudes and latitudes on a globe

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

ACTIVITY 2 Look at the map on the previous page and answer the following questions.

In which two hemispheres is South Africa?

(2) Southern and Eastern hemispheres In which two hemispheres is Australia?

(2) Southern and Eastern hemispheres In which two hemispheres is North America?

(2) Northern and Western hemispheres In which two hemispheres is South America?

(2) Southern and Western hemispheres [8]

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

1

Lesson 3: Find countries and cities in longitudes and latitudes

ACTIVITY 3 Look at the following map and write down the coordinates of the point which appears with every name: 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10

Canada – 60°N 100°W Brazil – 0° 60°W Uruguay – 40°S 60°W Spain – 60°N 0° South Africa – 20°S 20°O Australia – 20°N 140°O Russia – 60°N 120°O Antarctica – 60°S 60°O China – 40°N 100°O Mauritania – 20°N 20°W [10]

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

2

UNIT 2: Scales LEARNING AIMS: After you have completed this unit, learners must be able to do the following:

 Understand and work with a variety of resources – including maps, data and pictures.  Use and draw maps.  Identify and extract information from texts, atlas and other resources, including visual resources like pictures.  Work with data and statistics in the form of graphs, tables and diagrams.  Check information by using the various resources.

INTRODUCTION Learners will work with scales on maps. Show learners that 1 cm on a ruler can depict anything they want to use. Learners can draw a floor plan of their bedrooms, indicating only the larger pieces of furniture. Now measure with the ruler for example how far the bed is from the cupboard, let’s say 1 m. Now draw the floor plan with the bed and cupboard 1 cm apart; it shows us how to depict something large on a smaller scale. Now 1 cm on the drawing represents 1 m on the floor.

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

2

Lesson 6: Measure straight line distances between cities

ACTIVITY 4

Use your ruler and the word scale to measure the straight line distances of: 4.1 Port Nolloth to Beaufort West 4.2 Pretoria to Durban 4.3 Cape Town to Port Elizabeth 4.4 Musina to Welkom 4.5 East London to Welkom

5½ cm = 880 km 4½ cm = 720 km 6 cm = 960 km 5½ cm = 880 km 5 cm = 800 km

Pretoria

NAMIBIA NORTH WEST

FREE STATE

Kimberley Port Nolloth

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Durban

NORTHERN CAPE

Beaufort West

EASTERN CAPE

WESTERN CAPE Cape Town

Welkom

Port Elizabeth

East London

INDIAN OCEAN

1 cm on the map = 160 km on the ground

[5]

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

3

UNIT 3: Atlases, global statistics and current affairs LEARNING AIMS: After you have completed this unit, learners must be able to do the following:

 Understand and work with a variety of resources – including maps, data and pictures.  Use and draw maps.  Identify and extract information from texts, atlases and other resources, including visual resources like pictures.  Work with data and statistics in the form of graphs, tables and diagrams.  Check information by using the various resources.

INTRODUCTION An atlas is needed for this unit. Go through an atlas with the learners and point out interesting features. When the lessons of Unit 3 are completed, you can play a game with the learners; for example, ask them to look up Limpopo’s map, or find the page with the world’s rivers, etc.

Lesson 7: How an atlas works

ACTIVITY 5 Let’s compare the table of contents of two atlases:

Map skills Map symbols Directions Longitudes and latitudes Scale South Africa Physical Political

Book A Page World 4 – 5 Physical 6 Political 7 – 8 The continents 9 Africa Asia 10 Australia 11 North America

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Page 22 – 23 24 – 25 26 27 28 29

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

Agricultural/Farming South Africa’s provinces KwaZulu-Natal Gauteng

12 13 14

South America Europe Antarctica Our world in space

30 31 32

Limpopo Western Cape Northern Cape Eastern Cape Free State North West Mpumalanga

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

The solar system The moon Seasons Rotation of the Earth Time zones Index Resources

33 34 35 36 37 38 – 40 41 – 42

3

Answer the following questions on Book A: 5.1 How many headings are in Book A? 8 5.2 Write down the headings.

Map skills; South Africa; South Africa’s provinces; World; The continents; Our world in space; Index; Resources.

5.3 On which page can I read about longitudes and latitudes? 7 – 8 5.4 How many topics does the table of contents in Book A provide under the heading Our world in space? 5 5.5 On which page can I see a map of South Africa’s rivers and mountains? p. 10 5.6 How many pages does the atlas have? 42 (13) Book B Page Page Atlas skills Provinces of South Africa What is a map?

4 Northern Cape 25 – 26 Longitudes and latitudes 5 Western Cape 27 Time zones 6 Eastern Cape 28 Scale 7 KwaZulu-Natal 29 Direction and location 8 Mpumalanga 30 Symbols and colour 9 Limpopo 31 How maps are drawn 10 North West 32 Free State 33 Our world in space The solar system 11 Gauteng 34 Rotation of the Earth 11 Continents Seasons 12 Africa 35 – 36 Moon 13 Asia 37 – 39 Australia 38 The world Countries of the world 14 – 15 Antarctica 39 – 40 Land heights and rivers 16 – 17 North America 41 Climate 18 South America 42 Plant growth/vegetation 19 Europe 43

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

South Africa Political Land heights and rivers Climate Plant growth/vegetation

Unit

Oceans Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Index Resources

20 – 21 22 23 24

3

44 45 46 – 50 51 – 53

Answer the following questions on Book B: 5.7 How many headings are in Book B? 9 5.8 Write down the headings.

Atlas skills; Our world in space; The world; South Africa; Provinces of South Africa; Continents; Oceans; Index; and Resources.

5.9 On which page can I read about longitude and latitude? 5 5.10 How many topics does the table of contents of Book B provide under the heading The world? 4 5.11 On which page can I see a map of South Africa’s mountains and rivers?p. 22 5.12 How many pages does the atlas have? 53 5.13 Which of the two atlases has the most pages? Book B 5.14 Name one heading that you find in Book B but not in Book A. Atlas skills; Oceans.

5.15 Name two headings that are the same in both atlases. Any two of the following: South Africa; South Africa’s provinces; The world; Continents; Our world in space; Index; Resources.

(17) [30] Lesson 9: The world’s most important attributes ACTIVITY 6 Use the statistics in the tables above and answer the following questions: 6.1 What is the world’s longest river? The Nile 6.2 How long is this river? 6 690 km 6.3 What is the world’s highest mountain peak? Everest 6.4 How high is this mountain? 8 848 m 6.5 Which desert is the largest in the world? Sahara 6.6 How big is this desert? 9 100 000 km² Answer true or false on the next questions: 6.7 The Mississippi is the second longest river in the world. False 6.8 The third largest desert in the world is the Kalahari. True 6.9 Tokyo is the city with the most people in the world. True 6.10 The third largest country in the world is Russia. False [10]

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

3

REVISION EXERCISE UNITS 1 – 3 Answer the questions as thoroughly as possible.

1.

This is a schematic depiction of the Earth. Fill in the hemispheres, as well as the most important latitudes and longitudes. (See the diagram in the study guide.)

1.1 Northern hemisphere 1.2 Southern hemisphere 1.3 Western hemisphere 1.4 Eastern hemisphere 1.5 Equator 1.6 Greenwich Meridian (6)

2.

Fill in the missing words 2.1 Latitude/Latitude degree 2.2 Greenwich Meridian 2.3 South 2.4 Latitudes 2.5 Coordinates

(5)

Name the nine provinces of South Africa.

Gauteng Limpopo North West Mpumalanga KwaZulu-Natal Free State Northern Cape Western Cape Eastern Cape

(9)

One centimetre on the map represents 20 metres on the ground.

(2)

3.

4.

5.1 Line scale 5.2 Ratio scale 5.3 Word scale

(3) [25]

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

4

UNIT 4: Why people trade LEARNING AIMS: After you have completed this unit, learners must be able to do the following:

 Find out more about places, people, happenings and issues with the help of various resources like books, people, photographs and the Internet.  Develop questions and put them into words.  Develop research skills and apply them  Analyse, present and process information.

INTRODUCTION Talk to learners about trade. If there is a flea market, shopping centre or even just a café on the corner, take learners there and talk about what is happening. People come and buy goods they need. What did people do before there was money? They exchanged goods for other goods. We learn about trading and why people want to trade.

Lesson 11: Exports and imports between South Africa and the world Explain to the learners how the map should be read.

OIL

IRON MEDICINES

FRUIT

FACTORY MACHINERY

CAR PARTS

ELECTRICAL GOODS

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Facilitator’s Guide G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

5

UNIT 5: Resources and their values LEARNING AIMS: After you have completed this unit, learners be able to do the following:

 Understand the interaction between society and the natural environment.  Consider, synthesise and organise information.  See the relation between cause and effect, change and continuity.  Recognise and appreciate diverse lifestyles and world views. .

INTRODUCTION Explain the difference between a raw material and a manufactured product. Raw materials can also be called primary products. Primary means first. We get raw materials directly from nature, such as wood, gold, charcoal and other minerals. The raw material has not yet been changed or processed. Manufacture means to make something from a raw material. These goods are called secondary products. The raw materials are processed and changed into something else. Wood is a raw material which has to be changed to become wooden furniture, such as a table. The table is then the manufactured product.

Lesson 13: Values of selected raw materials and manufactured goods Discuss all the processes wood undergoes before it is made into furniture.

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