Gr 5-Social Sciences-Study Guide History 1

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SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDY GUIDE: HISTORY Grade 5

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

Social Sciences Study guide: History

CAPS aligned

S Grimsley E van Emmenes

2005-E-SOS-SG01

Í4%È-E-SOS-SG01MÎ

Grade 5

G05 ~ Social Sciences: History

Contents

Lesson elements.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Preface............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Year plan........................................................................................................................................................8 Unit 1: Hunter-gatherers and shepherds in Southern Africa.................................................... 10 Lesson 1: How we obtain information from hunter-gatherers and shepherds................................. 11 Activity 1..................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Lesson 2: Information from stories......................................................................................................................14

Lesson 3: Information from objects...................................................................................................................... 16

Activity 2......................................................................................................................................................................17

Lesson 4: Information from rock paintings.......................................................................................................18

Activity 3..................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Lesson 5: Information from books........................................................................................................................20 Revision exercise....................................................................................................................................................20

Unit 2: The San hunter-gatherer society in the Later Stone Age...............................................21 Lesson 6: How the San lived in their environment........................................................................................ 22 Lesson 7: Discovery of the bow and arrow........................................................................................................24

Lesson 8: Social organisation within the San community........................................................................... 26

Lesson 9: Medicinal plants........................................................................................................................................28

Activity 4.....................................................................................................................................................................30

Lesson 10: San beliefs and religion.......................................................................................................................30

Activity 5......................................................................................................................................................................31

Lesson 11: Rock art...................................................................................................................................................... 32 Activity 6..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 33

Unit 3: The Khoikhoi shepherd society in the Later Stone Age.................................................34

Lesson 12: The pastoral way of life.......................................................................................................................34

Lesson 13: How the San and Khoikhoi shared the same land................................................................... 37 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 37

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Study Guide

Unit 4: The first farmers in Southern Africa................................................................................... 40

Lesson 14: Interaction with the Khoisan............................................................................................................ 41 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 43

Unit 5: The chieftainship of the first African farmers..................................................................44

Lesson 15: Homesteads and farming villages.................................................................................................. 45 Lesson 16: Agriculture: Crops and livestock.....................................................................................................48

Lesson 17: Social, political and economic structures....................................................................................50

Lesson 18: A culture of cooperation: The roles of men and women...................................................... 51

Lesson 19: Role of the paramount chief..............................................................................................................53 Lesson 20: The role of cattle....................................................................................................................................54

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 55

Unit 6: Tools and weapons of iron and copper...............................................................................56

Lesson 21: Metal work................................................................................................................................................ 57 Lesson 22: Pottery........................................................................................................................................................58

Lesson 23: Trade...........................................................................................................................................................60

Lesson 24: Religion and medicine......................................................................................................................... 61 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 62

Unit 7: An ancient African society: Egypt..........................................................................................63 Lesson 25: The Nile River and how it influenced settlements..................................................................64

Activity 7..................................................................................................................................................................... 66

Unit 8: The way of life in ancient Egypt.............................................................................................67 Lesson 26: The social structure in ancient Egypt...........................................................................................68

Lesson 27: Beliefs and religion...............................................................................................................................70

Lesson 28: Pharaohs....................................................................................................................................................74

Lesson 29: Sphinxes, pyramids and temples.................................................................................................... 75

Lesson 30: Hieroglyphics........................................................................................................................................... 77 Activity 8.....................................................................................................................................................................78

Lesson 31: Mathematics and astronomy............................................................................................................79

Activity 9..................................................................................................................................................................... 81

Lesson 32: Medicine and healers........................................................................................................................... 81

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G05 ~ Social Sciences: History

Lesson 33: Case study: Tutankhamun’s grave.................................................................................................. 83

Activity 10.................................................................................................................................................................. 85

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 85

Unit 9: A heritage trail through the provinces of South Africa..................................................87 Lesson 34: The provinces and their capital cities on a map....................................................................... 87

Activity 11........................................................................................................................................................................90

Unit 10: What is heritage?.....................................................................................................................91

Lesson 35: Heritage of places of importance.................................................................................................... 92

Lesson 36: Heritage in objects................................................................................................................................94

Lesson 37: Heritage in people’s achievements................................................................................................ 96

Lesson 38: Heritage in place names..................................................................................................................... 97 Lesson 39: Heritage and changing identity.......................................................................................................98

Lesson 40: Heritage and indigenous medicines..............................................................................................99

Lesson 41: Heritage in architecture................................................................................................................... 100

Lesson 42: Natural heritage and indigenous knowledge systems.........................................................101

Lesson 43: Heritage in art...................................................................................................................................... 102 Revision exercise..................................................................................................................................................103

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................... 104 Bibliography............................................................................................................................................108

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Study Guide

Learning objectives What learners should

know at the end of the

lesson according to CAPS requirements.

Lesson elements

Important terminology

Tips

New terminology to assist

Any information other

with the understanding of the subject as part of the lesson.

than the content, to guide learners through the learning process.

Activity Define Definitions of concepts to understand the content.

Questions to complete to

test learners’ knowledge of the completed lesson.

For the curious Encouragement to do

in-depth research about the content. Expand the

activity and exercise to such an extent that learners are

encouraged to explore. For gifted learners: expanded

Core content

Study/Revision

Emphasise the core of

Time spent studying the

the content; in-depth

explanation of a specific section of the lesson;

learners must understand

content at the end of the

unit and to prepare for a test or examination.

exercises. For Learners with Special Educational Needs

(LSEN): Explain the need to

complete the basic questions to achieve a pass mark.

this content.

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G05 ~ Social Sciences: History

Preface

What is History and how is it presented?

History is the study of change and development in society over time. History will enable you to

see how past human action has an impact on the present; and to evaluate and understand how

it influences the future.

History is a process of investigating and asking questions about the past:

● ●

●

●

What happened?

When did it happen?

Why did it happen?

What was the impact of events and decisions on society?

When people know what happened in the past, they can learn from past mistakes and prevent it from happening again. This is especially important when social, political and economic decisions are made in any society.

The specific aim of History is creating the following:

● ●

● ● ● ●

An interest in and enjoyment of the study of the past.

Knowledge, understanding and appreciation of things that happened in the past.

The ability to participate in a historical enquiry, to participate in research and projects throughout the year.

To develop cognitive and other skills necessary for holistic educational development.

To help us understand the present and even predict future events.

To ensure responsible citizenship.

You should learn how to apply history knowledge and skills in source-based questions and longer questions like paragraphs and essays. Sources may include cartoons, articles, case

studies, comprehension tests, photos and pictures. To be able to interpret sources, you should

not only memorise facts and content but learn to apply knowledge as well. Additional sources like CAPS prescribed textbooks may also be used in conjunction with this study guide.

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Study Guide

Year plan

Keep the following in mind when planning your year: ● Be realistic and flexible ● Keep your other subject timetables in mind

●

Allow for enough time to study for tests and examinations

Term

Unit and lesson

Date started

Date completed

Unit 1: Hunter-gatherers and shepherds in Southern Africa Lesson 1: How we obtain information from huntergatherers and shepherds Lesson 2: Information from stories Lesson 3: Information from objects

Lesson 4: Information from rock paintings Lesson 5: Information from books

Unit 2: The San hunter-gatherer society in the Later Stone Age

1

Lesson 6: How the San lived in their environment Lesson 7: Discovery of the bow and arrow Lesson 8: Social organisation within the San community Lesson 9: Medicinal plants Lesson 10: San beliefs and religion Lesson 11: Rock art

Unit 3: The Khoikhoi shepherd society in the Later Stone Age

Lesson 12: The pastoral way of life Lesson 13: How the San and Khoikhoi shared the same land Unit 4: The first farmers in Southern Africa

Lesson 14: Interaction with the Khoisan

Unit 5: The chieftainship of the first African farmers

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8

Lesson 15: Homesteads and farming villages Lesson 16: Agriculture: Crops and livestock

Lesson 17: Social, political and economic structures Lesson 18: A culture of cooperation: The roles of men and women Lesson 19: Role of the paramount chief Lesson 20: The role of cattle

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G05 ~ Social Sciences: History Unit 6: Tools and weapons of iron and copper 2

Lesson 21: Metal work Lesson 22: Pottery Lesson 23: Trade

Lesson 24: Religion and medicine

Unit 7: An ancient African society: Egypt

Lesson 25: The Nile River and how it influenced settlements Unit 8: The way of life in ancient Egypt

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Lesson 26: The social structure in ancient Egypt Lesson 27: Beliefs and religion Lesson 28: Pharaohs

Lesson 29: Sphinxes, pyramids and temples Lesson 30: Hieroglyphics

Lesson 31: Mathematics and astronomy Lesson 32: Medicine and healers

Lesson 33: Case study: Tutankhamun’s grave

Unit 9: A heritage trail through the provinces of South Africa Lesson 34: The provinces and their capital cities on a map Unit 10: What is heritage?

Lesson 35: Heritage of places of importance

4

Lesson 36: Heritage in objects

Lesson 37: Heritage in people’s achievements Lesson 38: Heritage in place names

Lesson 39: Heritage and changing identity

Lesson 40: Heritage and indigenous medicines

Lesson 41: Heritage in architecture Lesson 42: Natural heritage and indigenous knowledge systems Lesson 43: Heritage in art

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Eenheid Unit 1 1 Hunter-gatherers and

shepherds in Southern Africa

Learning objectives After completing this unit, you should be able to do the following: ●

Use a variety of sources to obtain information about the past.

●

Use more than one source, e.g. books, magazines, newspapers and the internet.

●

Gather information from text, photos and images.

●

Obtain information from songs, poems and interviews with people.

Introduction In this unit, we learn about the first people who lived in Southern Africa. Research the San and Khoikhoi and learn how to conduct research and find facts about them.

Important terminology Stone Age

Hunter

Shepherd Story

Tips We will learn about the San and Khoikhoi, the earliest inhabitants of Southern Africa. Some

lessons have an activity that you must complete. These activities summarise the work you

must learn. Make sure you can do each activity.

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G05 ~ Social Sciences: History

Image 1.1: A San woman from Botswana

Lesson 1 How we obtain information from hunter-gatherers and shepherds

Define Hunter: a person who kills animals for their meat and skins Shepherd: a person who keeps cattle and looks after them

Stone Age: thousands of years ago when people made objects from stone Core content The first people who lived in Southern Africa were hunter-gatherers. The men usually hunted animals for food and the women collected roots, nuts and berries for food. These people are

known as the San. We can get information about them from different sources.

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Study Guide

We distinguish between three types of sources:

Primary sources

Secondary sources

Tertiary sources

A primary source, among others, is a book written by a San person (the person writes down their personal experiences), so we get the information directly from the person who was there.

A secondary source, for example, is when someone reads the book and then writes a report with their own interpretation of the book and we obtain information about the San in this way.

A tertiary source, for example, is when a person uses the secondary source to obtain more

information to also write a book, report or some other kind of publication. We therefore obtain information that does not come directly from someone who was actually present.

The San came to live in Southern Africa 10 000 years ago. They are the people whom we refer to in the ‘Later Stone Age’. The

Stone Age refers to the period when people made tools from stone.

The San were hunters, which means they hunted wild animals for food. After them, the Khoikhoi moved into Southern Africa

but they had a different way of living. They were shepherds who kept livestock and looked after their animals.

Image 1.2: A spearhead made from stone. The San used similar spearheads for hunting.

Later during the term, we will learn more about the San and the Khoikhoi. For now, it is

important that you know how we obtained the information about these people. We obtained the information from stories, objects, paintings and books. We call these sources.

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G05 ~ Social Sciences: History

For the curious Search the internet or read through books for any interesting facts about the San. Read about their lifestyle and what they did to survive.

Activity 1 Study the images and answer the questions.

Image 1.3.1

1.

2.

What is the San man doing in image 1.3.1?

What are the San men doing in image 1.3.2?

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Image 1.3.2

(2) (2) [4]

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Study Guide

Lesson 2 Information from stories

Define Story: a tale told to you by someone about something Core content We can find information about the hunter-gatherers and shepherds from the Later Stone

Age by reading the stories they told.

Below is an example of a story told by the San. Little Hare Harelip This is a traditional San tale about Mother Moon’s message to man about life after death, and how the Hare’s lip was split.

Mother Full Moon peered over the shoulder of the mountain at the people on the plain. She

saw how they rejoiced at her coming. She saw them dance. But she knew that all men carry

a stone in their hearts, for they feared death.

‘I must send a message to my children,’ she said to herself, ‘then they will never again be

unhappy.’ She searched with shining eyes throughout the night until she saw Owl, who was out hunting. ‘Owl!’ she called. ‘Will you take a message for me?’ ‘I cannot,’ sighed Owl. ‘The

night is short, and mice are few. Leave me alone!’ ‘Now I understand why you always have

to hide in the dark.’ said Mother Full Moon with disgust. ‘There is no light or warmth in

your heart.’

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G05 ~ Social Sciences: History Just then, Jackal came trotting around a

bush. Sniffle-snuffling here and there and everywhere, tracking stuff no one else

wanted so that he could eat it. ‘Jackal!’ called Mother Full Moon. ‘Will you take a

message for me?’ Jackal sat on his haunches, stuck his nose in the air and howled, ‘Oow!

Oow! Mother Full Moon, look how I suffer.

Look how little I have to live on. Do not ask more of me. Rather help me, help me. Give

me food.’ ‘Be off, you beggar!’ said Mother

Full Moon crossly.

Then she saw Hare feeding in the field.

Image 1.4: A San man from Namibia

‘Hare, will you take a message for me?’ ‘Yes, yes, Mother Full Moon.’ he said. He sat bolt upright on his short tail and sang: ‘I am

Hare Four-foot, I am Hare-run-wild, I am

Hare Fleet-foot, I am the Wind’s own child.’

‘I want to send you to my people,’ said Mother Full Moon, ‘to the men of the veld.’ ‘I know them, Mother,’ said Hare. Mother Full Moon continued, ‘You must tell them this:

Image 1.5

“Look at Mother Moon and be content. First, she is like the horn of an eland. Then, she becomes round and fat like the hunters when the herds of animals are plentiful, and every arrow finds its mark. Then, she melts away until there is only a crane’s wishbone left. In the end she vanishes completely. So, it is with men too. First, a man is young, but he grows and becomes strong. Then, old age comes and sucks his bones dry. But when he dies, he shall live again – just as I do.”’

‘Is that all, Mother?’ asked Hare. ‘Yes, but ...,’ said Mother Full Moon. But before she could say, ‘wait a while’, Hare had gone. He ran so fast that the stones flew up behind him and the bushes rustled as he passed them. He ran and sang: ‘I am Hare Four-foot, I am Hare-runwild, I am Hare Fleet-foot, I am the Wind’s own child.’

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Study Guide Whoops! He crashed so hard into something that he had to sit back on his hind legs. ‘Can’t

you look where you are going?’ asked the thing. It was a man of the veld. ‘I was looking for

you!’ said Hare importantly, ‘Mother Full Moon sent me. She says you are the eland’s horn.

No, she says you are Crane’s wishbone. I mean, she says, when you are dead, you are dead, and you will not live again.’ ‘Yes,’ sighed the man and hung his head. This was what he had always feared.

‘Perhaps it is the other way around!’ Hare called after him, for he was completely muddled now, but the man was already gone. Hare hung his head. He peered over his shoulder and

saw Mother Full Moon’s face, red above the mountains. She looked angry. Hare slipped in

under a bush. He ran through the dark places to his lair. But Mother Full Moon lay in wait for him. When he came around a high tussock of grass, she grabbed him by the hind legs. ‘Bad

bunny!’ said Mother Full Moon. ‘You bungled everything!’ ‘But, Mother ...,’ pleaded Hare.

Before he could say ‘Full Moon’ she smacked him in the face so violently that his lip split

open. ‘You will have a harelip forever because you did not listen carefully to what I told you!’ said Mother Full Moon. ‘Yes, Mother,’ said Hare, ‘but how can I fix the mess I made?’ Then

Mother Full Moon’s heart melted. ‘Go,’ she said, ‘go quickly and give my people the right message.’

(Source: Famous South African Folk Tales, Pieter Grobbelaar, 1985)

For the curious Try to find more stories from the hunter-gatherers and shepherds of the Later Stone Age.

Lesson 3 Information from objects

Define Object: something one can see and touch 16

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