Gr 5-Social Sciences-Facilitator's Guide Geography 2

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SOCIAL SCIENCES FACILITATOR’S GUIDE: GEOGRAPHY

Grade 5

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

Social Sciences Facilitator’s guide: Geography

1805-E-SOS-FG02

Í2%È-E-SOS-FG021Î

Grade 5

CAPS aligned

M Lübcker E van Emmenes

Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

CONTENTS LESSON ELEMENTS.......................................................................................................... 4 TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT ........................................................................... 6 ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 7 STUDY TIPS AND METHODS ............................................................................................ 7 OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION ....................................................................................... 8 PREFACE............................................................................................................................ 8 YEAR PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 9 UNIT 1: World map and compass directions ................................................................. 12 Lesson 1: Position of the equator, North and South Poles on a globe ...................... 12 ACTIVITY 1 ....................................................................................................... 13 Lesson 2: The seven continents ................................................................................ 13 ACTIVITY 2 ....................................................................................................... 13 Lesson 3: Eight points on a compass ........................................................................ 14 Lesson 4: Eight directions from a fixed point on a world map.................................... 14 ACTIVITY 3 ....................................................................................................... 15 REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 1 ........................................................................ 15 UNIT 2: Africa, our continent .......................................................................................... 16 Lesson 5: Position of Africa on a world map and globe ............................................. 17 Lesson 6: Oceans around Africa ............................................................................... 17 Lesson 7: Concepts of countries and borders ........................................................... 17 ACTIVITY 4 ....................................................................................................... 17 Lesson 8: Location of the countries in Africa ............................................................. 18 ACTIVITY 5 ....................................................................................................... 18 Lesson 9: Countries with a coastline ......................................................................... 19 Lesson 10: Madagascar and Zanzibar ...................................................................... 19 Lesson 11: South Africa’s neighbouring countries..................................................... 20 REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 2 ........................................................................ 21 UNIT 3: A physical map of Africa ................................................................................... 22 Lesson 12: Reading a physical map.......................................................................... 22 Lesson 13: Africa’s highest peaks ............................................................................. 23 Lesson 14: Africa’s three largest lakes ...................................................................... 23 Lesson 15: Africa’s great rivers ................................................................................. 23 Lesson 16: Southern Africa’s famous waterfalls ........................................................ 23 Lesson 17: Africa’s great deserts .............................................................................. 23 REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 3 ........................................................................ 24 UNIT 4: Images of Africa ................................................................................................. 25 Lesson 18: Photographs of a range of scenes and landscapes in Africa .................. 25 Lesson 19: Use grid references on a map to determine position............................... 25 1

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 4 ........................................................................ 26 UNIT 5: Physical features of South Africa ..................................................................... 28 Lesson 20: A physical map of South Africa ............................................................... 29 Lesson 21: Indicating altitude .................................................................................... 30 ACTIVITY 6 ....................................................................................................... 31 Lesson 22: Physical features..................................................................................... 31 Lesson 23: Naming of important places .................................................................... 31 Lesson 24: Where rivers start and end ...................................................................... 33 Lesson 25: Concept of river systems ........................................................................ 35 Lesson 26: Main rivers of South Africa ...................................................................... 35 ACTIVITY 7: ...................................................................................................... 35 UNIT 6: Physical features and human activities ........................................................... 36 Lesson 27: Human activities in different physical environments................................ 36 Lesson 28: Influence of human activities on the physical environment ..................... 37 REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 5 – 6 .................................................................. 37 UNIT 7: Water, climate and vegetation of South Africa ................................................ 40 Lesson 29: Elements of weather and precipitation .................................................... 41 Lesson 30: Measuring temperature and rainfall and the instruments used ............... 41 ACTIVITY 8 ....................................................................................................... 41 Lesson 31: Determination and description of wind direction ..................................... 41 Lesson 32: Weather charts and weather conditions .................................................. 42 ACTIVITY 9 ....................................................................................................... 42 UNIT 8: Climate, rainfall and natural vegetation ........................................................... 43 Lesson 33: Rainfall in South Africa............................................................................ 43 Lesson 34: Rainfall patterns ...................................................................................... 44 Lesson 35: Difference between weather and climate ................................................ 44 Lesson 36: Different types of climate in South Africa ................................................ 44 Lesson 37: Climate of own environment ................................................................... 44 ACTIVITY 10 ..................................................................................................... 44 Lesson 38: What is natural vegetation? .................................................................... 45 Lesson 39: What is the relationship between climate, natural vegetation and wildlife?................................................................................................... 45 Lesson 40: The Savannah grasslands ...................................................................... 45 ACTIVITY 11 ..................................................................................................... 46 REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 7 – 8 .................................................................. 47 UNIT 9: Mineral and coal resources in South Africa ..................................................... 50 Lesson 41: Minerals as a non-renewable resource ................................................... 51 Lesson 42: The most important minerals mined in South Africa and their uses ........ 51 Lesson 43: How coal is formed ................................................................................. 52 Lesson 44: Uses of coal ............................................................................................ 52 2

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Lesson 45: Location of mineral and coal mines......................................................... 52 ACTIVITY 12 ..................................................................................................... 52 UNIT 10: Mining and mining environments ................................................................... 53 Lesson 46: What mining is and the ways of mining ................................................... 53 Lesson 47: Open cast/surface mining and shaft/deep level mining ........................... 54 Lesson 48: Pollution, waste and sewage .................................................................. 55 Lesson 49: Health and safety risks for mineworkers ................................................. 56 REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 9 – 10 ................................................................ 56

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

YEAR PLAN WEEK

UNIT AND LESSON

DATE

DATE

STARTED

COMPLETED

TERM 1 Unit 1: World map and compass directions Week 1

Lesson 1: Position of the equator, North and South Poles on a globe

Week 1

Lesson 2: The seven continents

Week 2

Lesson 3: Eight points on a compass

Week 2

Lesson 4: Eight directions from a fixed point on a world map

Week 3

Revision exercise: Unit 1

Unit 2: Africa, our continent Week 4

Lesson 5: Position of Africa on a world map and globe

Week 5

Lesson 6: Oceans around Africa

Week 6

Lesson 7: Concepts of countries and borders

Week 7

Lesson 8: Locations of countries in Africa

Week 8

Lesson 9: Countries with a coastline

Week 9

Lesson 10: Madagascar and Zanzibar

Week 10

Lesson 11: South Africa’s neighbouring countries

Week 10

Revision exercise: Unit 2

Unit 3: A physical map of Africa Week 11

Lesson 12: Reading a physical map

Week 12

Lesson 13: Africa’s highest peaks

Week 13

Lesson 14: Africa’s three largest lakes

Week 14

Lesson 15: Africa’s great rivers

Week 15

Lesson 16: Southern Africa’s famous waterfalls

Week 16

Lesson 17: Africa’s great deserts

Week 17

Revision exercise: Unit 3

Unit 4: Images of Africa Week 18

Lesson 18: Photographs of a range of scenes and landscapes in Africa

Week 19

Lesson 19: Use grid references on a map to determine position

Week 20

Revision exercise: Unit 4

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

TERM 2 Unit 5: Physical features of South Africa Week 20

Lesson 20: A physical map of South Africa

Week 21

Lesson 21: Indicating altitude

Week 22

Lesson 22: Physical features

Week 23

Lesson 23: Naming of important places

Week 24

Lesson 24: Where rivers start and end

Week 25

Lesson 25: Concept of river systems

Week 26

Lesson 26: Main rivers of South Africa

Unit 6: Physical features and human activity Week 27

Lesson 27: Human activities in different physical environments

Week 28

Lesson 28: Influence of human activities on the physical environment

Week 29

Revision exercise: Unit 5 – 6

TERM 3 Unit 7: Water, climate and vegetation of South Africa Week 30

Lesson 29: Elements of weather and precipitation

Week 31

Lesson 30: Measuring temperature and rainfall and the instruments used

Week 32

Lesson 31: Determination and description of wind direction

Week 33

Lesson 32: Weather charts and weather conditions

Unit 8: Climate, rainfall and natural vegetation Week 34

Lesson 33: Rainfall in South Africa

Week 34

Lesson 34: Rainfall patterns

Week 35

Lesson 35: Difference between weather and climate

Week 36

Lesson 36: Different types of climate in South Africa

Week 36

Lesson 37: Climate of own environment

Week 37

Lesson 38: What is natural vegetation?

Week 37

Lesson 39: What is the relationship between climate, natural vegetation and wildlife?

Week 38

Lesson 40: The Savannah grasslands

Week 39

Revision exercise: Unit 7 – 8

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

TERM 4 Unit 9: Minerals and coal resources in South Africa Week 40

Lesson 41: Minerals as a nonrenewable resource

Week 40

Lesson 42: The most important minerals mined in South Africa and their uses

Week 41

Lesson 43: How coal is formed

Week 41

Lesson 44: Uses of coal

Week 41

Lesson 45: Location of mineral and coal mines

UNIT 10: Mining and mining environments Week 42

Lesson 46: What mining is and the ways of mining

Week 42

Lesson 47: Open cast/surface mining and shaft/deep level mining

Week 43

Lesson 48: Pollution, waste and sewage

Week 44

Lesson 49: Health and safety risks for mineworkers

Week 45

Revision exercise: Unit 9 – 10

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

1

UNIT 1: World map and compass directions LEARNING AIMS After you have completed this unit, learners must be able to do the following:  Understand and work with a variety of resources – including maps, data and pictures.  Know the position of the equator, as well as the North and South Pole, on a map or globe.  Identify and know the positions of the seven continents.  Identify the eight cardinal points on a compass.  Use these cardinal points and identify the eight directions from a fixed point on a map.

INTRODUCTION Talk about the earth or the world. Try to get an atlas and then look at the different countries.

Try to get a globe so that learners can see the difference between the actual shape of the earth and how it is depicted as flat on a map. This will also help in later years for time zones and other map related work. Roughly two hours should be spent teaching this topic, with some extra time for activities and revision.

Lesson 1: Position of the equator, North and South Poles on a globe It is important for learners to think of the Earth in the form of a globe and not as a map, which is flat. If you have access to the internet the following videos are a good and exciting way of remembering latitude and longitude.

Links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ab-gE8ov4o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0c1idtn3e8

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

1

ACTIVITY 1

[5 MARKS] Lesson 2: The seven continents The seven continents are easy to remember. However their placement on Earth is less so.

If learners experience any trouble, the following link is to a song about the continents.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lf--PQNDn7g

ACTIVITY 2 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

North America South America Antarctica Europe Africa Asia Australia [7 MARKS]

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

1

Lesson 3: Eight points on a compass The following are the eight points of the compass: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

N - North NE - Northeast E - East SE - Southeast S - South SW - Southwest W - West NW - Northwest

North, east, south and west are the four main directions and the others are in-between directions. Explain this to the learners and ensure they correctly understands this.

TIPS An easy way to remember the main four points is with this rhyme:

“Never Eat Silk Worms!”

As N and S are most important, the 4 in-between points will start with these directions followed by whichever direction is closest. e.g. NW or SW.

Lesson 4: Eight directions from a fixed point on a world map Learners have learnt the eight main compass directions in the previous lesson. They will now be applying this information to a real life situation, but on a broader basis. For the activity, learners must find their house at a fixed point on the map and look for what they will find in the given directions.

This can be applied in the classroom as well, e.g. have learners draw a basic sketch of their learning area or classroom, or even complete the exercise verbally if need be, and then explain the different objects they find for a given direction. For example, have them stand at the board and give them a direction in which to walk and tell you what they find along their way.

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

1

ACTIVITY 3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Europe Antarctica Australia South America Asia North America [6 marks] REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 1 1. North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia (7)

2.

a) NW

b) W

c) SE

d) N

e) S

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f) E

g) NE

h) SW

(8) [15 MARKS]

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

2

UNIT 2: Africa, our continent LEARNING AIMS After you have completed this unit, learners must be able to do the following:  Know the position of Africa on a world map.  Name and locate the oceans surrounding Africa.  Understand the concept of a country with borders.  Know the different countries of Africa, in relation to the rest.  Understand the concepts and give examples of countries which are landlocked or have a coastline.  Know which countries are north or south of, or along, the Equator.  Understand the concept of an island.  Compare Madagascar, a country and an island, with Zanzibar, an island which is part of Tanzania.  List and indicate on a map, the Big cities of Africa – including Cairo, Lagos, Johannesburg, Nairobi.  List and indicate on a map, South Africa’s neighbours: Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zimbabwe.  Understand the concept of capital cities and know the capital cities of South Africa and neighbouring countries.

INTRODUCTION In this unit learners will learn where Africa is on the world map and which countries and oceans surround Africa. They will also learn about coastal lines, borders and islands. All countries have a capital city which is the most important city in the country. It is not necessarily the largest city in the country, but it is generally the centre of trade or government. You should allocate roughly four hours of teaching time for this topic, with 1 hour allocated for activities and revision.

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

2

Lesson 5: Position of Africa on a world map and globe Information is in the study guide. Ensure that learners can locate each aspect covered on a number of different mediums, such as an atlas, various maps, and even a globe if you have one.

Lesson 6: Oceans around Africa Learners must know about all three of the main oceans, including the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Lesson 7: Concepts of countries and borders ACTIVITY 4 [5 marks]

Ensure that learners have drawn all the borders in red (all the lines on the map).

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

2

Lesson 8: Location of the countries in Africa Talk about coastlines, and countries close to the ocean where one border is formed by the sea, and where certain countries are located. There are 54 countries in Africa; learners do not have to know all the names.

The easiest way to learn these countries is to group them according to their location. To do this, you use the equator as a reference and create 3 groups. Group one, countries which are north of the Equator, such as Egypt, Libya and Algeria. Group two, countries which are south of the Equator, such as South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana. Lastly, group three, countries which are found along the equator, such as Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

ACTIVITY 5

1.

North of Equator Chad Algeria Libya

Along Equator South of Equator Republic of the Congo Angola Democratic Republic of Malawi the Congo (Zaire) Gabon Namibia

North: Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, the Gambia, the Ivory Coast, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Western Sahara, South: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, the Congo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Equator: São Tomé and Príncipe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Equatorial Guinea.

(9) 2. Any five of the following: Morocco, West Sahara, Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Sudan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Algeria.

(5)

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

3. Any three of the following: Mali, Niger, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana.

(3)

4. Madagascar.

(1)

5. One of the following: Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea and Djibouti.

(1)

6. One of the following: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. Sea.

2

(1) [20 MARKS]

Lesson 9: Countries with a coastline Investigate our neighbouring states and ensure that learners know where one is situated.

This is important when they are trying to contextualise their place in the world. There are various activities one can do to ensure that learners understand.

Try giving them a blank map of South Africa, like the one below and have them fill it in or have a match COLUMN A with COLUMN B exercise where they need to match the country with its capital. Either way, it will be easier for them to remember if they can visualise these places. Look for interesting facts or pictures in a book, atlas, or on the internet.

Lesson 10: Madagascar and Zanzibar It is important for learners to highlight the similarities and differences between the two islands, perhaps even encourage them to tabulate these elements.

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

2

Lesson 11: South Africa’s neighbouring countries Investigate our neighbouring states and ensure that learners know where they are situated.

This is important when they are trying to contextualise their place in the world. There are various activities one can do to ensure that learners understand.

Try giving them a blank map of South Africa, like the one below, and have them fill it in or have a match COLUMN A with COLUMN B exercise where they need to match the country with its capital. Either way, it would be easier for them to remember if they can visualise these places. Look for interesting facts or pictures in a book, atlas or on the internet.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/BlankMap-SouthernAfrica.png TIPS An easy way to remember our neighboring countries is with this rhyme:

“My Zip Broke Near London Square”

M–Z–B–N–L–S

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

2

REVISION EXERCISE: UNIT 2 1.

2.

Across: 4. Location 5. Ocean (5) Down: 1.Coastline 2. Island 3. Border The Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia and Angola (7)

3.

Give TWO examples (6) North: Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, the Gambia, the Ivory Coast, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Western Sahara, South: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, the Congo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Equator: São Tomé and Príncipe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Equatorial Guinea.

(4) 4.

Compare

Contrast

Both Islands

Madagascar is a country on its own while Zanzibar forms a part of Tanzania Madagascar is a large island/ Zanzibar is a series of islands

Both in the Indian Ocean Both South of the Equator 5.

Any: Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania

6.

Namibia: Windhoek, Botswana: Gaborone, Zimbabwe: Harare, Mozambique: Maputo, Swaziland: Mbabane, Lesotho: Maseru (12)

7.

Pretoria, Bloemfontein, Cape Town

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(3)

(3) [40 MARKS]

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Facilitator’s Guide G05 ~ Social Sciences: Geography

Unit

3

UNIT 3: A physical map of Africa LEARNING AIMS

        

After you have completed this unit, learners must be able to do the following: Identify features on a physical map.

Understand the different ways of showing height above sea level on a physical map.

Be able to locate or indicate the following on a map: Africa’s highest mountains: • Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya.

Southern Africa’s highest peak: • Thabana Ntlenyana in the Drakensberg.

Africa’s three largest lakes: • Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi.

Africa’s great rivers: • Nile, Niger, Congo, Zambezi, Limpopo, Gariep, Orange.

Southern Africa’s famous waterfalls: • Victoria, Maletsunyane, Augrabies.

Africa’s great deserts: • The Sahara, Kalahari, and the Namib.

INTRODUCTION Look at the map of Africa in an atlas and talk to learners about physical attributes: rivers and mountains. Show learners how they are indicated on a map. Follow them with your finger and play a game with the learners. You give a name of a river or mountain and the learners must look for the river or mountain. It should take you approximately three hours to complete this unit with some extra time for activities and revision.

Lesson 12: Reading a physical map Information is in the study guide. It is important that learners understand the concept of altitude and the different ways in which it is indicated on a physical map. Let learners try reading a number of different keys on different maps and other sources to ensure that they understand the concept.

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