Gr 4-Social Sciences-Study Guide-History 1

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SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDY GUIDE: HISTORY Grade 4

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

Social Sciences Study guide: History

2004-E-SOS-SG01

Í4$È-E-SOS-SG01KÎ

Grade 4

CAPS aligned

S Grimsley E van Emmenes

G04 ~ Social Sciences: History

Contents

Lesson elements.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Preface............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Year plan........................................................................................................................................................8 Unit 1: Local history................................................................................................................................ 10 Lesson 1: What is happening in your local area today?............................................................................... 11 Lesson 2: Photos tell stories.....................................................................................................................................13 Activity 1..................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Lesson 3: What can we learn from written sources?.................................................................................... 15 Activity 2..................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Lesson 4: Interviews with people.......................................................................................................................... 17 Activity 3......................................................................................................................................................................17

Lesson 5: Objects are pieces of history................................................................................................................18 Unit 2: The history of a local area...................................................................................................... 20

Lesson 6: Photo stories.............................................................................................................................................. 21 Activity 4......................................................................................................................................................................21

Lesson 7: Information from written sources.................................................................................................... 23

Activity 5..................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Lesson 8: People tell stories and share experiences......................................................................................24

Activity 6..................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Lesson 9: A piece of history in your hands........................................................................................................ 25

Activity 7..................................................................................................................................................................... 27

Unit 3: What makes a great leader?................................................................................................... 28

Lesson 10: Qualities of good leaders....................................................................................................................29 Lesson 11: Choose a leader......................................................................................................................................29 Activity 8.....................................................................................................................................................................30

Lesson 12: A good leader ‌...................................................................................................................................... 31 Lesson 13: Nelson Mandela...................................................................................................................................... 32 Activity 9.....................................................................................................................................................................38

Lesson 14: Mahatma Gandhi....................................................................................................................................39

Activity 10..................................................................................................................................................................44

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Study Guide

Lesson 15: Leaders are not always popular......................................................................................................44

Unit 4: Transport over time: Land and road transport................................................................46

Lesson 16: Animals’ contributions towards transport................................................................................. 47 Lesson 17: Carts, wagons and carriages.............................................................................................................49

Lesson 18: Bicycles...................................................................................................................................................... 51 Lesson 19: Steam engines and trains...................................................................................................................52 Lesson 20: Cars.............................................................................................................................................................. 53 Lesson 21: General transportation of people and goods.............................................................................54

Lesson 22: Case study: Damage to the environment..................................................................................... 55 Activity 11.................................................................................................................................................................. 56

Revision exercise.....................................................................................................................................................57

Unit 5: Transport over time: Water and ship transport.............................................................. 58

Lesson 23: Rafts, canoes and reed boats............................................................................................................59 Lesson 24: The first sailing vessels.......................................................................................................................60

Lesson 25: The first steamships.............................................................................................................................62 Lesson 26: Modern water transport.....................................................................................................................63

Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 65

Unit 6: Transport over time: Air transport and aviation.............................................................66

Lesson 27: Hot-air balloons and airships........................................................................................................... 66 Lesson 28: The Wright brothers and the first aeroplane............................................................................68

Lesson 29: Modern aviation.....................................................................................................................................69 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 70

Unit 7: The oldest forms of human communication.....................................................................71 Lesson 30: Language, symbols, songs, art and dance................................................................................... 72 Lesson 31: How the San communicate................................................................................................................73 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 74

Unit 8: How do we communicate today?...........................................................................................75 Lesson 32: Postal system........................................................................................................................................... 76

Lesson 33: Radio...........................................................................................................................................................78

Lesson 34: Typewriter................................................................................................................................................79 4

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History

Lesson 35: Telegraph..................................................................................................................................................80

Lesson 36: Telephone.................................................................................................................................................. 82 Lesson 37: Camera.......................................................................................................................................................84

Lesson 38: Television.................................................................................................................................................. 85 Lesson 39: Computer.................................................................................................................................................. 85 Lesson 40: The internet............................................................................................................................................. 86

Lesson 41: Cellphone.................................................................................................................................................. 87 Revision exercise....................................................................................................................................................88

Glossary.......................................................................................................................................................89 Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................92

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Study Guide

Learning objectives What learners should

know at the end of the

lesson according to CAPS requirements.

Lesson elements

Important terminology

Tips

New terminology to assist

Any information other

with the understanding of the subject as part of the lesson.

than the content, to guide learners through the learning process.

Activity Define Definitions of concepts to understand the content.

Questions to complete to

test learners’ knowledge of the completed lesson.

For the curious Encouragement to do

in-depth research about the content. Expand the

activity and exercise to such an extent that learners are

encouraged to explore. For gifted learners: expanded

Core content

Study/Revision

Emphasise the core of

Time spent studying the

the content; in-depth

explanation of a specific section of the lesson;

learners must understand

content at the end of the

unit and to prepare for a

exercises. For Learners with Special Educational Needs

(LSEN): Explain the need to complete the basic questions to achieve a pass mark.

test or examination.

this content.

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History

Preface

What is History?

History is the study of change and development in society over time. The study of History will enable you to see how past human actions have had an impact on the present and allow you to evaluate and understand how these actions influence the future.

History is a process of investigation and asking questions about the events of the past:

●● ●● ●●

What happened?

When did it happen?

Why did it happen?

The specific aim of History is to create and promote the following:

●● ●● ●●

An interest in and enjoyment of the study of the past.

Knowledge, understanding and appreciation of past events.

The ability to participate in a historical enquiry and to participate in research and projects throughout the year.

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Study Guide

Year plan

Keep the following in mind when planning your year:

●● ●● ●●

Be realistic and flexible

Keep your other subject timetables in mind

Allow for enough time to study for tests and examinations

Term

Unit and lesson

Date started

Date completed

Unit 1: Local history

1

Lesson 1: What is happening in your local area today?

Lesson 2: Photos tell stories Lesson 3: What can we learn from written sources?

Lesson 4: Interviews with people Lesson 5: Objects are pieces of history Unit 2: The history of a local area

Lesson 6: Photo stories

Lesson 7: Information from written sources

Lesson 8: People tell stories and share experiences Lesson 9: A piece of history in your hands Unit 3: What makes a great leader?

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Lesson 10: Qualities of good leaders Lesson 11: Choose a leader

Lesson 12: A good leader …

Lesson 13: Nelson Mandela

Lesson 14: Mahatma Gandhi

Lesson 15: Leaders are not always popular

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History Unit 4: Transport over time: Land and road transport Lesson 16: Animals’ contributions towards transport Lesson 17: Carts, wagons and carriages Lesson 18: Bicycles

Lesson 19: Steam engines and trains

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Lesson 20: Cars Lesson 21: General transportation of people and goods Lesson 22: Case study: Damage to the environment

Unit 5: Transport over time: Water and ship transport

Lesson 23: Rafts, canoes and reed boats Lesson 24: The first sailing vessels Lesson 25: The first steamships

Lesson 26: Modern water transport

Unit 6: Transport over time: Air transport and aviation

Lesson 27: Hot-air balloons and airships Lesson 28: The Wright brothers and the first aeroplane Lesson 29: Modern aviation

Unit 7: The oldest forms of human communication

Lesson 30: Language, symbols, songs, art and dance Lesson 31: How the San communicate Unit 8: How do we communicate today?

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Lesson 32: Postal system Lesson 33: Radio

Lesson 34: Typewriter Lesson 35: Telegraph

Lesson 36: Telephone Lesson 37: Camera

Lesson 38: Television Lesson 39: Computer

Lesson 40: The internet Lesson 41: Cellphone

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Eenheid Unit 1 1 Local history

Learning objectives After completing this unit, you should be able to do the following: ●● ●● ●● ●●

Research the past and apply it to local history. You must be able to find a

variety of information about the past.

Collect information, for example from texts, visual material (photos, pictures, television and movies), songs, poems and interviews.

Use more than one type of written source such as books, magazines, newspapers and websites.

Investigate events from the past.

Introduction In this unit, we will learn how to find information on the present and also how to use information from various sources. What is in the news today?

When you know how to look for information that applies to today (the present), you can use

that information to find out more about the history of the area. Historical places often play an

important part in modern society, e.g. the town/city hall, old church or school in your town/ city.

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History Important terminology Present

Photo

Written sources

Interview

Documents

Object

Historian

Lesson 1 What is happening in your local area today?

Define Historian: someone who studies and writes about the past Present: today, the here and now

Source: a person/place/object that can provide us with information

Written source: material that was written by hand or printed Core content

We use different sources to find out about the present. The present is the here and now, in order words, today. Sources contain information and can include written materials, an

object or even a person. We can distinguish between three types of sources: primary sources, secondary sources and tertiary sources.

●●

Primary source: A book or letter that was written by someone who experienced/

witnessed something. Example: Anne Frank’s diary which she wrote over two years

●●

while she and her family were hiding from the Nazis. The diary is Anne’s first-hand account of the war.

Secondary source: Someone who uses a primary source to convey their interpretation

thereof. Example: An historian reads Anne Frank’s diary and writes an historical

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Study Guide ●●

Tertiary source: When someone uses secondary sources to supplement the existing information they have. Example: You use an historic report on Anne Frank’s diary to obtain more information for your History assignment on Anne Frank.

When historians examine the past, they prefer to use primary sources, as they are the most accurate documents that describe what had really happened.

However, historians must be careful not to record their own opinions or beliefs when writing about the past.

Image 1.1: Anne Frank’s original diary. This is an example of a primary source.

In the next few lessons we will look at different ways in which we can collect information

about the present. We can obtain information from sources, such as photos, documents, stories,

objects and interviews.

We are going to discuss each type of source separately. Once you have completed the lessons, we will use the same skills to find out more about the past or history of a local area.

Important You must submit an assessment project at the end of the term. For the project, you must set up

your own museum exhibition. Start looking for interesting pictures, documents, stories and objects that you can use for your exhibition.

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History

Lesson 2 Photos tell stories

1

Define Photo: an image captured on camera Core content We can collect information by looking at photos and by asking and answering questions.

Photos can provide us with information about the weather, events, people’s emotions, etc.

Let’s look at two photos to see what information is portrayed.

In this photo there are three people; two

men and a woman. They sit at a restaurant, talking, and drinking tea or coffee. They are formally dressed. The laptop and

papers on the table tell us that they are busy working or having a meeting. We

can therefore conclude that these people

Image 1.2.1

aren’t friends and that this is not a social

meeting.

In this photo there are a group of learners

and a teacher. They are working on an

art project. The learners are all wearing

the same clothes (school uniform), which

means they’re in the same school. The photo was taken in summer, as everyone

is wearing short-sleeved shirts.

Image 1.2.2

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Study Guide Tips When you examine a photo, consider the following aspects to help you gather information:

●●

The quality and colour of the photo.

●●

What activities can you observe?

●● ●● ●●

The type of clothing people are wearing.

The location of the photo.

Even the background can provide clues.

If you consider all these factors, you will be able to form a good idea of what is happening and

who is involved.

Activity 1 Study the photos and answer the questions.

Photo A

Photo B

Image 1.3.1: People riding horses.

Image 1.3.2: A child playing a traditional musical instrument.

The questions below are based on Photo A: 1.

a)

b)

Which natural source of water can be seen in the background?

What type of transport are the people using?

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(1)

c)

What is the weather like in the photo?

(1)

a)

Would you say that this is a really old photo?

(1)

The questions below are based on Photo B: 2.

(1)

b)

Give a reason for your answer.

(1)

[5]

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History

Lesson 3 What can we learn from written sources?

Core content We can also gather information from written or printed documents. Examples include newspapers, magazines, advertisements and road signs.

Image 1.4.1

Image 1.4.2

Image 1.4.3

A good example of a printed source is a road sign.

Look at the picture below. This motorway has four lanes. Just past this road sign it will split into two directions. It is important for motorists to know that they must turn left within

1 kilometer if they want to go to Muizenberg or Maitland or keep in the right lane if they want to go to Cape Town or Milnerton. The sign also tells us the name of the roads: M5 and N1.

Image 1.5: Information sign on the N1 highway in Cape Town

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Study Guide

This sign is also found along a motorway but gives us different information. It is a billboard which advertises a course at IMM.

Image 1.6: A billboard next to a busy road.

The advert is aimed at motorists.

Activity 2 Let’s see what information you can get from a written piece (an advertisement) by answering the following questions:

Fence4U

Professionally-built swimming pool fences.

An array of designs and lengths to suit your needs.

Call Steven for a quote.

Image 1.7

 081 999 4016  steven@fence4u.co.za  www.fence4u.co.za

1.

What company is referred to in this advertisement?

4.

What is the business’s telephone number?

2.

3.

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What product or service does this business offer?

Does the business only offer one design?

(4 x 1) = [4]

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History

Lesson 4 Interviews with people

1

Define Interview: to ask someone questions to obtain information We can gather information from stories which people wrote and also by conducting an

interview with someone. An interview is a technique used to obtain information on a certain topic/matter by asking a series of directed questions. An interview should be well structured

and flow easily. It usually starts with events from the past and leads up to the present, for example from the interviewees birth to today. Be careful not to get sidetracked with too much

detail when doing an interview, stick to your topic and keep in mind that someone is giving you

their time, use it wisely.

Activity 3

Conduct an interview with one of your parents. Write down your questions and the answers.

Examples of questions:

1.

What is your full name?

4.

Where were you born?

2.

3.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

What is your surname?

When were you born?

What school did you attend?

Did you study after school? If so, where and what field of study?

What is your occupation?

Are you married?

What is your maiden name? (If it is a married woman.)

10. Do you have children? If so, how many?

This will give you a good starting point for your interview; expand the discussion by adding your own questions.

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Study Guide

Lesson 5 Objects are pieces of history

Define Object: something that you can touch and see We can gather information by looking at objects. Look at the school crest of High School D.F. Malan. We can obtain a variety of information by studying the crest:

The sun symbolises hope, positivity, growth and a new life that reaches out to light and health.

The three proteas symbolise South Africa’s heritage that should be cherished.

The motto – For you South Africa refers to patriotism and Image 1.8: High School D.F. Malan’s crest

citizenship.

For the curious Each province in our country has its own crest. Do research on your province’s crest and the meaning of each symbol on the crest. Also watch the YouTube video on South Africa’s

provinces.

bit.ly/2bC14Vv

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G04 ~ Social Sciences: History

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Image 1.9.1: Eastern Cape

Image 1.9.2: Free State

Image 1.9.3: Gauteng

Image 1.9.4: KwaZulu-Natal

Image 1.9.5: Limpopo

Image 1.9.6: Mpumalanga

Image 1.9.7: North West

Image 1.9.8: Northern Cape

Image 1.9.9: Western Cape

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