Gr 10-English First Additional Language-Study Guide

Í2*È-A-FAL-SG01lÎ 1

8

1

0

-

A

-

F A

L

-

S

G

0

1

ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE STUDY GUIDE Grade 10

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

English First Additional Language Study guide

1810-A-FAL-SG01

Í2*È-A-FAL-SG01lÎ

Grade 10

CAPS aligned

S Schreuder

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................ 5 YEAR PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 6 LESSON ELEMENTS........................................................................................................ 10

LANGUAGE Unit 1: How to be a winner .............................................................................................. 14 Lesson 1: Listening and speaking ............................................................................... 15 Activity 1 ................................................................................................................ 15 Lesson 2: Reading and viewing ................................................................................... 16 Activity 2 ................................................................................................................ 19 Lesson 3: Writing and presenting ................................................................................ 19 Activity 3: The essay ............................................................................................. 23 Activity 4 ................................................................................................................ 24 Lesson 4: Language revision ....................................................................................... 24 Activity 5: Baseline exercise .................................................................................. 31 Lesson 5: Speaking ..................................................................................................... 33 Activity 6: Speech.................................................................................................. 34 Activity 7: Revision exercise .................................................................................. 35 Unit 2: Making lifelong friends ........................................................................................ 37 Lesson 6: Listening and speaking ............................................................................... 38 Lesson 7: Reading and viewing ................................................................................... 39 Activity 8: Writing a summary ................................................................................ 41 Activity 9: Reading comprehension ....................................................................... 41 Lesson 8: Writing and presenting ................................................................................ 42 Activity 10: Transactional writing – not for portfolio ............................................... 45 Lesson 9: Language revision ....................................................................................... 46 Activity 11: Language exercise.............................................................................. 48 Activity 12: Reported speech................................................................................. 52 Unit 3: Save the planet .................................................................................................... 54 Activity 13: Writing a summary .............................................................................. 55 Lesson 11: Reading and viewing ................................................................................. 56 Activity 14: Dictionary work ................................................................................... 59 Activity 15: ............................................................................................................. 59 Lesson 12: Writing and presenting .............................................................................. 60 Activity 16: Writing longer transactional text (task 3) ............................................. 63 Lesson 13: Language structures ................................................................................. 63 Activity 17: Revision .............................................................................................. 64

Š Impaq

1

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit 4: Resolving conflict ................................................................................................ 67 Lesson 14: Listening and speaking ............................................................................. 67 Activity 18: Interpreting a comic strip..................................................................... 69 Lesson 15: Reading and viewing ................................................................................. 70 Activity 19: Reading comprehension ..................................................................... 73 Activity 20: Writing a summary .............................................................................. 74 Lesson 16: Writing and presenting .............................................................................. 75 Activity21: Longer transactional writing ................................................................. 77 Lesson 17: Language structures ................................................................................. 77 Activity 22: Nouns ................................................................................................. 79 Activity 23: Test 1 .................................................................................................. 80 Unit 5: Famous people .................................................................................................... 81 Lesson 18: Listening and speaking ............................................................................. 82 Activity 24: Listening test ....................................................................................... 83 Lesson 19: Reading and viewing ................................................................................. 83 Activity 25: Reading comprehension ..................................................................... 85 Lesson 20: Writing and presenting .............................................................................. 86 Activity 26: The dialogue and interview ................................................................. 87 Lesson 21: Language structures ................................................................................. 87 Activity 27: Prefixes and suffixes ........................................................................... 89 Activity 28: Adjectives ........................................................................................... 92 Activity 29: Punctuation ......................................................................................... 93 Unit 6: South African inventions .................................................................................... 94 Lesson 22: Listening and speaking ............................................................................. 94 Lesson 23: Reading and viewing ................................................................................. 95 Activity 30: Reading comprehension ..................................................................... 98 Lesson 24: Writing and presenting .............................................................................. 98 Activity 31: Writing a newspaper article/review ................................................... 100 Lesson 25: Language practise .................................................................................. 101 Activity 32: Conjunctions ..................................................................................... 102 Activity 33: Prepositions ...................................................................................... 103 Activity 34: Editing ............................................................................................... 104 Unit 7: Are we addicted to celebrity culture? .............................................................. 105 Lesson 26: Listening and speaking ........................................................................... 106 Lesson 27: Reading and viewing ............................................................................... 106 Activity 35.1: Reading for comprehension ........................................................... 108 Activity 35.2: Unprepared reading ....................................................................... 108 Activity 36 ............................................................................................................ 109 Lesson 28: Know your pronouns ............................................................................... 110 Activity 37 ............................................................................................................ 110 Lesson 29: Homonyms .............................................................................................. 111 Activity38 ............................................................................................................. 111 Lesson 30: Homophones........................................................................................... 111 Activity 39 ............................................................................................................ 112 Lesson 31: Synonyms ............................................................................................... 112 Š Impaq

2

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Activity 40 ............................................................................................................ 113 Lesson 32: Abbreviations and dictionary skills .......................................................... 113 Activity41.1 .......................................................................................................... 116 Activity 41.2: Test 2 ............................................................................................. 117 Lesson 33: The advertisement .................................................................................. 117 Activity 42 ............................................................................................................ 119 Activity 43 ............................................................................................................ 120 Unit 8: Cyberbullying: a growing problem................................................................... 121 Lesson 34: Listening and speaking ........................................................................... 122 Activity 44: Reading for comprehension .............................................................. 124 Lesson 35: Examination preparation ......................................................................... 125 Lesson 36: Writing and presenting ............................................................................ 126 Activity 45: Writing a friendly letter ...................................................................... 128 Activity 46: Transactional writing ......................................................................... 131 Lesson 37: Language revision ................................................................................... 131 Activity 47 ............................................................................................................ 133 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 135

LITERATURE PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ 143 Unit 1: Introduction to literature ................................................................................... 144 Lesson 1: Genres are unique .................................................................................... 144 Activity 1 .............................................................................................................. 148 Lesson 2: Poetry – The sonnet .................................................................................. 148 Lesson 3: Short stories – an introduction .................................................................. 151 Activity 2: The structure of the short story ........................................................... 155 Unit 2: “First Love” ........................................................................................................ 156 Lesson 4: “First Love” by John Clare ......................................................................... 156 Activity 3: Questions on “First Love”.................................................................... 163 Lesson 5: “The most dangerous game” (Part 1) by Richard Connell ......................... 163 Activity 4: Questions on “The most dangerous game”......................................... 176 Unit 3: “Boy At The Window” ....................................................................................... 177 Lesson 6: “Boy at the Window” by Richard Wilbur .................................................... 177 Activity 5: Questions on “Boy at the Window”...................................................... 182 Lesson 7: “The most dangerous game” (Part 2) ........................................................ 182 Activity 6: Questions on “The most dangerous game”......................................... 190 Unit 4: “Old Folks Laugh” ............................................................................................. 191 Lesson 8: “Old Folks Laugh” by Maya Angelou ......................................................... 191 Activity 7: Questions on “Old Folks Laugh” ......................................................... 196 Lesson 9: “On the bridge” by Todd Strasser.............................................................. 196 Activity 8: Questions on “On the bridge” .............................................................. 204 Unit 5: “How Do I Love Thee?” ..................................................................................... 205 Lesson 10: Poetry: “How Do I Love Thee?” by Elizabeth Barrett Browning............... 205 Activity 9: Questions on “How do I love thee?” .................................................... 211 Lesson 11: “In the Withaak’s shade” by Herman Charles Bosman ........................... 211 Activity 10: Questions on “In the Withaak’s shade” ............................................. 216

© Impaq

3

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit 6: “Ozymandias” ...................................................................................................... 217 Lesson 12: Poetry: “Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelly ......................................... 217 Activity 11: Questions on “Ozymandias” ............................................................... 223 Lesson 13: “Willem Prinsloo’s Peach Brandy” by Herman Charles Bosman ............... 223 Activity 12: Questions on “Willem Prinsloo’s Peach Brandy” ................................. 231 Unit 7: “Walking Away” ................................................................................................... 232 Lesson 14: “Walking away” By Cecil Day-Lewis .......................................................... 232 Activity 13: Questions on “Walking away” ............................................................. 237 Lesson 15: “I’ll never stop loving you, Tommy Toledo” by Ellen Conford .................... 237 Activity 14: Questions on “I’ll never stop loving you, Tommy Toledo” ................... 251 Unit 8: “The Road not Taken” ......................................................................................... 252 Lesson 16: “The Road not Taken” by Robert Frost ..................................................... 252 Activity 15: Questions on “The Road not Taken” ................................................... 259 Lesson 17: “Roppie” by Jack Cope.............................................................................. 259 Activity 16: Questions on “Roppie” ........................................................................ 267 Unit 9: “Frankie and Johnny” ......................................................................................... 268 Lesson 18: “Frankie and Johnny” Author: Anonymous ................................................ 268 Activity 17: Questions on “Frankie and Johnny” .................................................... 276 Lesson 19: Examination instructions ........................................................................... 276 Activity 18: Revision .............................................................................................. 278 Unit 10: Examination preparation ................................................................................... 279 Lesson 20: Studying poetry ......................................................................................... 279 Lesson 21: Studying short stories ............................................................................... 280 Lesson 22: Common errors made in literature examinations ...................................... 281 GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................... 284 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ............................................................................. 287

© Impaq

4

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

PREFACE RECOMMENDED BOOK Lutrin, B and Pincus, M. 2005. English Handbook and Study Guide, Berlut Books CC, Birnan Park, South Africa INTRODUCTION You might be familiar with the new CAPS approach in the South African education system.

This study guide in CAPS aligned, because it teaches basic structures of the language and emphasises reading, speaking and writing. Your spoken language is very important and you will notice that every unit starts off with discussions on topics. Please take part in these discussions with your facilitator. You must be able to converse fluently in English and a lot of emphasis must be put on this.

This study guide does not encompass the whole English language, but it does give a few guidelines about what is important for examination purposes. The activities are important.

Don’t skip them! Work diligently throughout the year to achieve success at the end of the year.

In the language section of the study guide you will find: • Notes on language structures and activities to practise the structures.

• Tips and information on how to perform well in your oral examination.

• Tips on writing good essays and how to write summaries.

• There are examples of the formats of the transactional pieces you will be expected to write. You won’t be doing all the formats of transactional pieces this year. A few of them will be taught in Grade 11 and 12. Keep this study guide: all the formats might not be repeated again.

• Information on how to interpret visual texts.

• Various exercises to practise your examination writing skills.

The aim for this year is the development of these skills: • • • • •

Acquiring the language skills necessary to communicate effectively and appropriately taking into account your target audience, purpose and context.

Listen, speak, read/view and write/present the language confidently and with enjoyment.

Express and justify, orally and in writing, your own ideas, views and emotions confidently in order to become independent and mature.

To use English and your imagination to find out more about yourself and the world around you enabling you to express your experiences and about the world orally and in writing.

To expand your general knowledge and make you a well-rounded person.

© Impaq

5

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

YEAR PLAN LESSON

Language

Literature

Language

Literature

© Impaq

Term 1 Unit 1 Lesson 1: Listening and speaking Activity 1 Lesson 2: Reading and viewing Activity 2 Lesson 3: Writing and presenting Activity 3 Activity 4 Lesson 4: Language revision Activity 5 Lesson 5: Speaking Activity 6 Activity 7 Lesson 1: Genres are unique Activity 1 Lesson 2: Poetry – The sonnet Lesson 3: Short stories – An introduction Activity 2 Term 1 Unit 2 Lesson 6: Listening and speaking Lesson 7: Reading and viewing Activity 8 Activity 9 Lesson 8: Writing and presenting Activity 10 Lesson 9: Language revision Activity 11 Activity 12 Lesson 4: Poetry – “First Love” by John Clare Activity 3 Lesson 5: Short story – “The Most Dangerous Game” (Part 1) by Richard Connell Activity 4

6

DATE STARTED

DATE COMPLETED

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Term 1 Unit 3

Language

Literature

Language

Literature

Language

© Impaq

Lesson 10: Listening and speaking Activity 13 Lesson 11: Reading and viewing Activity 14 Activity 15 Lesson 12: Writing and presenting Activity 16 Lesson 13: Language structures Activity 17 Lesson 6: “Boy at the Window” by Richard Wilbur Activity 5 Lesson 7: Short story – “The Most Dangerous Game” (Part 2) Activity 6 Term 1 Unit 4 Lesson 14: Listening and speaking Activity 18 Lesson 15: Reading and viewing Activity 19 Activity 20 Lesson 16: Writing and presenting Activity 21 Lesson 17: Language structures Activity 22 Activity 23 Lesson 8: Poetry – “Old Folks Laugh” by Maya Angelou Activity 7 Lesson 9: Short story – “On the Bridge”

by Todd Strasser Activity 8 Term 2 Unit 5 Lesson 18: Listening and speaking Activity 24 Lesson 19: Reading and viewing Activity 25 Lesson 20: Writing and presenting 7

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Literature

Language

Literature

Language

© Impaq

Activity 26 Activity 27 Activity 28 Activity 29 Lesson 21: Language structures Lesson 10: Poetry – “How Do I Love Thee?” by Elizabeth Barrett Browning Activity 9 Lesson 11: Short story – “In The Withaak’s Shade” by Herman Charles Bosman Activity 10 Term 3 Unit 6 Lesson 22: Listening and speaking Lesson 23: Reading and viewing Activity 30 Lesson 24: Writing and presenting Activity 31 Lesson 25: Language practice Activity 32 Activity 33 Activity 34 Lesson 12: Poetry – “Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley Activity 11 Lesson 13: Short Story – “Willem Prinsloo’s Peach Brandy” by Herman Charles Bosman Activity 12 Term 3 Unit 7 Lesson 26: Listening and speaking Lesson 27: Reading and viewing Activity 35.1 Activity 35.2 Activity 36 Lesson 28: Know your pronouns Activity 37 Lesson 29: Homonyms Activity 38 Lesson 30: Homophones 8

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Literature

Language

Literature

Literature

© Impaq

Activity 39 Lesson 31: Synonyms Activity 40 Lesson 32: Abbreviations and dictionary skills Activity 41.1 Activity 41.2 Lesson 33: The advertisement Activity 42 Activity 43 Lesson 14: Poetry – “Walking Away” by Cecil Day-Lewis Activity 13 Lesson 15: Short story – “I’ll never stop loving you, Tommy Toledo” by Ellen Conford Activity 14 Term 4 Unit 8 Lesson 34: Listening and speaking Activity 44 Lesson 35: Examination preparation Lesson 36: Writing and presenting Activity 45 Activity 46 Lesson 37: Language revision Activity 47 Lesson 16: Poetry – “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost Activity 15 Lesson 17: Short story – “Roppie” by Jack Cope Activity 16 Term 4 Unit 9 – 10 Lesson 18: Poetry: “Frankie and Johnny” (optional) Lesson 19: Examination instructions Lesson 20: Studying poetry Lesson 21: Studying short stories Lesson 22: Common errors made in literature examinations

9

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

LESSON ELEMENTS These icons facilitate your mastering of the knowledge in each unit in preparation for the examination.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: What the learner should know at the end of the lesson. Taken from CAPS.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY New terminology to extend understanding of the subject as part of this lesson.

DEFINE: Definitions of concepts to understand the content.

IMPORTANT: Explain misunderstandings; possible confusion regarding existing knowledge.

TIPS: Any information other than the content, to guide the learner through the learning process.

FOR THE CURIOUS: Encouragement to do in-depth research about the content. Expand the activity and exercise to such an extent that the learner is encouraged to explore. For the gifted learner: expanded exercises. For Learners with Special Educational Needs (LSEN): explain the need to complete the basic questions to achieve a passing mark.

ACTIVITY: Questions throughout the lesson that must be done in order to test the knowledge of the lesson completed.

Š Impaq

10

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

EXCERCISE: In conclusion of the specific Unit. Formative assessment.

CORE CONTENT: Emphasise the core of content; in-depth explanation of a specific section of the lesson; needs to be understood.

STUDY/REVISION: Time spent to study the content in conclusion of the Unit and in preparation for the test or examination.

Š Impaq

11

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

LANGUAGE

© Impaq

12

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit

1

UNIT 1: How to be a winner LEARNING OBJECTIVES After you have completed this unit, you must be able to: •

•

•

•

Listening and speaking Express your opinion on what winning means.

Understand the views, opinions, and emotions of others on the concept of being a winner.

Listen critically and evaluate a speech.

Use resources and reference material to find and select information for a speech.

Practise and present the speech.

Reading and viewing Read the article about how to present a good speech.

Read the article about the different types of essays.

Writing and presenting Write your own speech on one of the topics in the portfolio book.

Demonstrate your planning skills for the specific purpose, audience and context as suggested in the speech topic that you choose.

Evaluate your own work and tweak the speech where necessary.

Language structures and conventions Baseline exercise: revision of language structures done until last year: tenses, questions, negatives, tags and passives.

INTRODUCTION This unit is about winning and the influence it has on someone. You will think, talk and read about winning. You will be allowed to express your opinion about it in a speech. In this unit you also will be expected to do an exercise which will briefly revise language done in the previous grade, before embarking on a baseline exercise. Identify which aspects of this exercise you struggle with and concentrate on doing enough revision exercises before you write the language test in week 9.

© Impaq

14

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit

1

LESSON 1: LISTENING AND SPEAKING When we feel strongly about something, we can voice our opinions by discussing them with someone. We can also listen to their opinions and comment in them.

1. Do you think all people can be winners?

2. Why does winning play such an important role in western society?

3. Do you think losing is always a bad thing?

4. Do you think winning has become too emphasised and that it causes too much stress?

Remember the rules of a discussion. When you take part in a discussion, you must be able to: • Initiate and keep up a conversation by sharing your ideas.

• Take turn with the person to whom you are speaking.

• State you opinion without becoming too aggressive.

• Show respect at all times, even if you don’t agree.

• Fill in gaps in the conversation if you have something sensible to say.

1.1

Pre-listening

You can also convince people of your opinion by finding more evidence to prove that you have a valid point. When you have researched the topic and found credible sources, you can debate the topic with someone. You can also be asked to deliver a speech in which you can try and convince them that you have good arguments.

1.2

Listening

Listen to the speech read to you by your facilitator. Listen to it critically so that you can identify which arguments the speaker is trying to make.

1.3

Post-listening

Discuss this speech with your facilitator and decide whether you think the speaker has persuaded you of his opinion.

ACTIVITY 1: Make a list of aspects that you think would be important in a good speech. You may search the Internet for more examples of speeches. There were great speakers in the previous century like Dr Martin Luther King Jr, Winston Churchill, John F Kennedy, etc. Listen to our own world champion speaker from South Africa, Douglas Kruger, on YouTube.

© Impaq

15

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit

1

LESSON 2: READING AND VIEWING 2.1

Pre-listening

While listening to the speech in Lesson 1, you would have noticed that there were certain parts of the speech that influenced your opinion about winning. Now share the notes that you have set up about a good speech with your facilitator and explain why you included certain aspects.

Read the following notes which will give you advice on how to write your own good speech.

(Keep these notes for future use.)

2.2

Reading

HOW TO MAKE A GOOD SPEECH 1.

Preparation When preparing a speech (which includes telling a story and giving a description), there are certain guidelines which you may follow to ensure that you get the best mark possible for your effort. These notes are applicable throughout your school career (and later), keep them safe for future use.

Each speech has a good introduction, interesting contents and a striking conclusion.

2.

• • • • •

How does one prepare a good introduction?

There are many ways to approach your introduction. The type of introduction depends on the topic and the type of audience. The following methods have been used successfully by public speakers.

Stating a problem: ask an unanswered question and capture your audience’s interest straight away.

Tell a short story about an interesting event which relates to the topic.

Tell a short joke as an ice-breaker and then briefly summarise the main gist of your topic to get the audience involved.

Give a short anecdote on something to enhance an aspect of your topic and create interest.

Use a striking quotation from something that you have read and that relates to your topic and the audience.

A good introduction requires preparation, initiative and creativity from the speaker. It must not be left out or treated haphazardly. The speaker must let the audience relax, involve them and inform them what the speech is about, to make the whole experience enjoyable.

3.

© Impaq

How does one prepare the content of a good speech?

16

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit

1

Step 1: Accumulating facts: • Listen to news, people, and discussions on the topic.

• Read about the topic.

• Enquire about the topic.

• Gather information from people with expertise.

• Do research.

• Do an opinion poll.

Step 2: Organising the material The following methods can be used: • Logical order of facts • Numerical order of facts • Chronological order of facts • Achronological order of facts to build a line of suspense • The use of acronyms to link letters – e.g. WILL – wisdom, integrity, love and life.

Each one of these methods will depend on the type of topic that has been chosen.

4.

© Impaq

How does one prepare a good ending/conclusion?

A good ending must be well thought through. The following guidelines can be used: • End off with a stunning quotation that makes the audience think.

• A short summary of the speech and a good message at the end.

• End with an anecdote, a story or a joke.

• A short summary of the speech and a message at the end.

• State the problem that makes the audience think about the contents of the speech again.

• End with a climax or an anticlimax.

• Weigh the facts and draw a conclusion on behalf of the listener.

• Challenge the audience to action.

17

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit

1

5.

What else must I take into consideration when preparing a speech?

You must remember that the speech itself is only half of the package that is presented to the audience. Presentation is the other half. If the presentation is boring, the speech will lose its impact. The following aspects are important when speaking in front of an audience:

5.1

Voice quality A good speaker can vary the volume of his/her voice and control it in such a way that the attention of the audience doesn’t lapse.

5.2

Tone of voice Someone who talks in a monotone voice can be very boring to listen to. Use the tone of your voice in such a way that you keep the speech interesting.

5.3

Diction and pronunciation At high school level you shouldn’t be struggling with pronunciation. Speak clearly, don’t swallow your words and if there are a few words that you can’t pronounce, put in some effort to find out how it is pronounced by consulting the dictionary or someone who is a good English speaker.

5.4

Eye contact If a speaker doesn’t make eye contact with the audience, they become bored and agitated. People lose interest and then extra energy is needed to get their attention again. A good speaker looks the audience in the eye and smiles when he talks. If you are nervous, a good place to look is between the eyebrows of the person. You avoid intimate eye contact, but the person still feels you are looking directly at him. In a large audience it is always good to move your head in a half circular movement from the one side to the other in order to address the whole audience on an equal level.

5.5

Spontaneity A speaker, who relaxes and has the knack of making the audience relax, is always a winner. Such a person is friendly, spontaneous and knows that he/she is actually there to entertain his/her listeners. If he/she makes a mistake, he/she knows it’s not the end of the world. He fixes the mistake, laughs at himself and carries on. Many times the audience won’t even know that he has made a mistake. Only he knows what he wants to say anyway. The big secret is that the speaker must enjoy himself, and then the audience will enjoy themselves. If one doesn’t practise a speech beforehand, it won’t work.

Article by S Schreuder – used with permission.

2.3

Post-reading

You will now be expected to write your own speech, keeping these aspects in mind.

© Impaq

18

Study Guide G10 ~ English First Additional Language: Language

Unit

1

ACTIVITY 2: Use the advice given to you to work out your own speech on a topic of your choice. Remember it is important to include research. Give yourself ample time to prepare it properly.

LESSON 3: WRITING AND PRESENTING By the end of the lesson you should know all the formats of the different types of essays and their function.

DEFINE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ESSAYS NARRATIVE: A narrative essay aims to tell a story of something that is happening or has happened.

DESCRIPTIVE: Descriptive writing is the act of describing a picture in words, in such a way that the writer makes you think of all the sensory images that he feels towards the subject which is being described.

DISCURSIVE: A discursive essay is one in which the writer makes a point by reasoning. He objectively considers various aspects of the subject and then makes a statement of his own carefully thought-out views about the subject.

1

ARGUMENTATIVE: An argumentative essay is one in which the writer argues both for and against the topic with the idea of highlighting both the pros and cons while at the same time trying to reflect the point of view which may be favoured by the writer. The subjectivity of the writer is clear, as is his attempt to persuade the reader to share his point of view.

REFLECTIVE: A reflective essay is a piece of writing that involves your views and feelings about a particular subject. The goal of a reflective essay is to not only discuss what you have learned about the subject but to convey your own personal experiences and findings that resulted.

3.1

Pre-writing the essay

Read through the notes on essay-writing before you attempt to write your own essay.

NOTES ON WRITING AN ESSAY 1.

Š Impaq

The narrative essay

19