MgO (Magnesia) 0.1-4

Sr no. TABLEVIII

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICA FUME Characteristics Value

1 Specific Gravity 2.29 2 Moisture content 0.63% 3 Particles retained on 45micron 1.38% 4 Fineness 190m2/gm

6) Banana Fibers: Banana fibers are widely available worldwide as agricultural waste from Banana cultivation. Banana fibers are environmentally friendly and present important attributes, such as low density, light weight, low cost, high tensile strength. The

Banana fibers used for this work are from the Esha biodegradable at Sarsa village, Anand District. The fibers are available in processed and ready-to- use fibers. Uniform length of fibers was obtained by using cutting machine. Table shows Physical

Properties of Banana fibre. (By Vendor)

TABLEIX

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BANANA FIBER Sr no. Properties Value

1 Diameter (mm) 0.15–0.30 2 Length (mm) 15-30 3 Density (kg/m3) 1290-1320 4 Tensile strength (MPa) 275-350 5 Young’s Modulus (MPa) 1200013500 6 Aspect ratio 100-150

7) Water: Clean tap water which is fit for drinking should be used for mixing and curing of concretes. Potable water available in laboratory with pH value of not less than 6.5 and not more than 8.5, conforming to the requirement of IS:456-2000 were used for mixing concrete and curing the specimen.

II. LITERATUREREVIEW

R Nurwidayati, A F Fardheny and Asyifha[10] studied Investigation on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete. In this paper M25 grade was used by researchers. Banana fibers increased the mortar compressive strength, the concrete compressive strength, and the concrete tensile strength. The compressive strength of the mortar and the compressive strength of the concrete increased with age. The higher percentage of fiber caused the lower the compressive strength of the mortar and lower the compressive strength as the longer length of the fiber on all-fiber percentages. The addition of fibers to concrete significantly increases the relationship between tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete. Rodgers B. Mugume , Adolph Karubanga, and Michael Kyakula [11] Studied Impact of Addition of Banana Fibres at Varying Fibre Length and Content on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Concrete. In this paper M20 grade was used by researchers. Addition of banana fibres to concrete only significantly imparts on compressive strength at lower fibre contents of up to 0.25% for all fibre lengths because higher compressive strength was observed in BFRC compared with Plain concrete. Incorporation of banana fibres in concrete improved its microstructure through better bonding between the fibres and the matrix. For optimal purposes, addition of banana fibres should be limited to a maximum of 1% fibre content preferably using shorter fibres instead of longer ones. Piotr Smarzewski [14] Are doing Influence of silica fume on mechanical and fracture properties of high-performance concrete. In this paper M90 grade was used by researchers. The study indicates that the mechanical properties of HPC were improved to a great extent at 28 days when cement used in concrete was replaced by SF. A 10% content of silica fume resulted in a 26% increase in tensile splitting strength, a 13% increase in compression strength and a 5% increase in the static modulus of elasticity.