INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY
Presented by Dr Ravindra Kumar IIMT College of Polytechnic, Greater Noida Department of Applied Sciences
CONTENTS What
are Nanomaterials? Nanomaterials dimension Why small is good ? Surface area-to-volume ratio Properties of Nanomaterials Applications of Nanomaterials
WHAT ARE NANOMATERIALS ? Nanomaterial
is a material having at least one of its dimension in the range of 1-100 nm. Nano derived from a Greek word Nanos meaning dwarf or small. Norio Tanguchi- 1974 coined the term nanotechnology. A nanometer is billionth of a meter i.e. 10 -9. Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on atomic scale.
NANO- SIMPLE EXAMPLES The population of India is one billion or 100 crores One rupee in 100 crore
NANOMATERIALS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE CATEGORY
One dimension: It has only one parameter either length or height. Example- very thin surface coating
TWO DIMENSION In two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D), two dimensions are outside the nanoscale. This class exhibits plate-like shapes and includes graphene, nanofilms, nanolayers, and nanocoatings. Examples- Nanotubes, Nanowires and Nano fibers
nm nm
THREE DIMENSION It has all parameters of length, breadth and height. Examples- Nanoparticles, nano rings
nm
nm
nm
WHY SMALL IS GOOD
Because as size decreases, surface area increases. Nano-objects are: • Lighter • Faster • Cheaper • More energy efficient • Different properties at very small scale • Easy to transport
1 mm
2 mm
1 mm
Surface area
Surface area = height X width X Number of sides X number of cubes
24
48
Volume
Volume = height X width X Length X Number of cubes
8
8
Surface area/ volume ratio
Surface area/ volume ratio
3
6
PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS The properties of a material in nanoparticle form are usually very different from those of the bulk material. Large area/volume ratio Interfacial layer Solvent affinity Diffusion across the surface Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric effects Melting point depression Regular packing
APPLICATIONS Nano fabrics Medicine and drugs Nano paints Energy Bio engineering Defence and security Cosmetics Nano devices Optical Engineering
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