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INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

Presented by Dr Ravindra Kumar IIMT College of Polytechnic, Greater Noida Department of Applied Sciences

CONTENTS What

are Nanomaterials? Nanomaterials dimension Why small is good ? Surface area-to-volume ratio Properties of Nanomaterials Applications of Nanomaterials

WHAT ARE NANOMATERIALS ?  Nanomaterial

is a material having at least one of its dimension in the range of 1-100 nm.  Nano derived from a Greek word Nanos meaning dwarf or small.  Norio Tanguchi- 1974 coined the term nanotechnology.  A nanometer is billionth of a meter i.e. 10 -9.  Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on atomic scale.

NANO- SIMPLE EXAMPLES The population of India is one billion or 100 crores One rupee in 100 crore

NANOMATERIALS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE CATEGORY

One dimension: It has only one parameter either length or height. Example- very thin surface coating

TWO DIMENSION In two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D), two dimensions are outside the nanoscale.  This class exhibits plate-like shapes and includes graphene, nanofilms, nanolayers, and nanocoatings.  Examples- Nanotubes, Nanowires and Nano fibers 

nm nm

THREE DIMENSION It has all parameters of length, breadth and height.  Examples- Nanoparticles, nano rings 

nm

nm

nm

WHY SMALL IS GOOD 

Because as size decreases, surface area increases.

Nano-objects are: • Lighter • Faster • Cheaper • More energy efficient • Different properties at very small scale • Easy to transport

1 mm

2 mm

1 mm

Surface area

Surface area = height X width X Number of sides X number of cubes

24

48

Volume

Volume = height X width X Length X Number of cubes

8

8

Surface area/ volume ratio

Surface area/ volume ratio

3

6

PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS The properties of a material in nanoparticle form are usually very different from those of the bulk material.  Large area/volume ratio  Interfacial layer  Solvent affinity  Diffusion across the surface  Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric effects  Melting point depression  Regular packing

APPLICATIONS Nano fabrics  Medicine and drugs  Nano paints  Energy  Bio engineering  Defence and security  Cosmetics  Nano devices  Optical Engineering 

Thank You!!!

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