IFMSA Shadow Reporting on SDGs

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Report from IFMSA-CIOMS World Health Organization Internship Program 2018 Shadow Reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals

Imprint Executive Board 2018-2019 President Batool Wahdani (Jordan) Vice-President for Activities Nebojsa Nikolic (Serbia) Vice-President for Members Fabrizzio Canaval (Peru) Vice-President for Finance Ahmed Taha (Egypt) Vice-President for External Affairs Marián Sedlák (Slovakia)

IFMSA The International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations

(IFMSA)

is

a

of medical students worldwide. IFMSA was founded in 1951 and currently maintains 133 National Member Organizations from 123 countries across six continents, representing a network of 1.3 million medical students.

IFMSA envisions a world in which medical students unite for global health and are equipped with the knowledge, skills and values to take on health leadership roles locally and globally, so to shape a sustainable and healthy future.

Vice-President for PR & Communication

IFMSA

José Chen Xu (Portugal) Layout Design Simo Gaabouri

non-

governmental organization representing associations

Vice-President for Capacity Building

Georg Schwarzl (Austria)

non-profit,

is

recognized

as

a

nongovernmental

organization within the United Nations’ system and the World Health Organization; and works in collaboration with the World Medical Association.

Publisher

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Table of Contents

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Click on the blue boxes to go to your desired section.

Introduction Page 4 The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals Page 5 Current reporting by actors and stakeholders groups Page 7 What is shadow reporting?

Page 8 Why do shadow reports?

www.ifmsa.org

Page 9 How to conduct a shadow report Page 9 Bibliography Page 11

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Shadow Reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals

I. Introduction In january 2016, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by world leaders in september 2015, officially came into force. This historic agreement outlines the goals that universally apply to all countries to mobilize efforts to end all forms of poverty, fight inequalities and tackle climate change, while ensuring that no one is left behind.

During the two-week High-Level Political Forum (HPLF), the central platform for followup and review of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development countries present their progress reports. Yet, without a strong accountability process in place, governments are largely left to self-report on the 17 goals. This can lead to a lack of accurate reflection of a country’s work on development in the Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs).Voluntary National Reviews are regular and inclusive reviews of progress at the national and subnational levels, which are country-led and country-driven. They aim to facilitate the sharing of experiences, including successes, challenges, and lessons learned. However, as the guidelines for drafting VNRs are broad fairly flexible recommendations, governments can choose to write about their perspectives in very different ways. [1] Therefore, civil society organisations (CSOs) are in the process of developing comparative, independent assessments in addition to government’s official reports on progress towards the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

Paragraph 89 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development furthermore calls upon major groups and actor, including civil society organisations, to report on their contribution to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

“The high-level political forum will support participation in follow-up and review processes by the major groups and other relevant stakeholders in line with resolution 67/290.

We call upon those actors to report on their contribution to the implementation of the Agenda.”

- 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [2] However the question remains what, how and to whom civil society organisations should report on their and their State’s contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [3] This IFMSA Guide is meant to help National Member Organisations (NMOs) of the International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations (IFMSA) to develop independent comparative assessments, often referred to as “shadow reports”, on their country’s progress towards implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In addition for the national use of these shadow reports they will be collected by the IFMSA Task Force to the United Nations and used to compile a shared report to be presented during the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development taking place every year in July.

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II. The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals “On behalf of the peoples we serve, we have adopted a historic decision on a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Goals and targets. We commit ourselves to working tirelessly for the full implementation of this Agenda by 2030. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. We are committed to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner. We will also build upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seek to address their unfinished business.”

-Transforming our world; the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [2] In 2015 all 193 United Nations Member States adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development providing a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet - now and in the future.[4] The 2030 Agenda seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom and recognises that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions is the greatest global challenge for sustainable development. At the heart of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 targets and 232 indicators. These call upon all countries, low and middle income and high income, for global partnership.[5] The targets and indicators are used to monitor progress towards reaching the several goals. The complete global indicator framework of the Sustainable Development Goals and Targets can be found here or in easier format provided by the Danish Institute for Human Rights here.

The Sustainable Development Goals build on the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs), to both complete what these were not able to achieve and add new challenges. It is meant to tackle the social, environmental and economic dimensions of development.

The SDGs are unique and different from the MDGs in that they i) call for action by all countries universally while the MDGs were intended for LMICs only ii) cover more ground with ambition to address economic growth, decent jobs, green/sustainable energy etc. iii) go further than the MDGs by addressing the root causes of poverty. The Goals are broad and interdependent, each with a seperate lists of targets and indicators to achieve.While the goals themselves function as a vision to strive towards, the targets and indicators provide more concrete outcomes. These Interlinkages and its integrated nature is of crucial importance to ensure that the Agenda is realized. [5] The 17 goals are listed below. If you would like to learn more on the SDGs specifically we recommend you to read the IFMSA Toolkit on the Sustainable Development Goals 2019 or to visit this .

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Shadow Reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Goal 3.Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Goal 4.Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts* Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

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Implementation and measuring progress Implementation of the SDGs was initiated since 2016 worldwide and is also called “localizing the SDGs”. All over the planet different type of organisations (e.g. governments, NGOs, universities) work together on several goals at the same time. Each country has to translate the goals into plans of actions, national legislation and the establishment of budgets. However, it is important to keep in mind that the SDGs are not legally binding.

Countries are however expected to take up ownership and the primary responsibility.

Progress towards the SDGs will be monitored in a variety of ways: • Globally the progress of the SDGs will be monitored using global indicators. This is a framework developed by the Interagency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEASDGs).

• Every year, the UN holds a meeting called the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF). One purpose of this meeting is to monitor the progress made towards reaching the Sustainable Development Goals As outlined in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda. Every year some of the goals will be reviewed and once every 4 years a second session along the UN General Assembly will review all goals. During the HLPF, UN member states have the chance to present a voluntary national review (VNR). In their reviews, countries will explain the work they have done to implement the 2030 agenda, share best practices and barriers, and discuss upcoming issues.

However as mentioned the guidelines for drafting VNRs are broad fairly flexible recommendations, governments can choose to write about their perspectives in very different ways.

Therefore, civil society organisations (CSOs) are in the process of developing comparative, independent assessments in addition to government’s official reports on progress towards the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

III. Current reporting by actors and stakeholders groups There are a diversity of reporting pathways on the progress of the SDGs through diverse stakeholders in place next to civil society organizations. It can be useful to be aware of these pathways, but keep in mind that civil societies are in diverse ways like and unlike these group (e.g. in respect to accountability). Below you can find a comprehensive overview of a few of these actors.

Member States Central to the SDG reporting and review framework are the reviews of Member States. This is mainly done through the Voluntary National Reviews as part of the High Level Political Forum guided by a set of guidelines prepared by the Secretary-General in 2015. They can be found here. [6] The general structure consists of an opening statement, highlights, introduction, methodology and process for preparation of the review, policy and enabling environment, progress on the goals and targets, means of implementation, next steps, conclusions and annexes. A large part of the HLPF is focused on the presentation of these Voluntary National Reviews and an interactive dialogue on their findings.

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Academia Within academia an initiative called the “SDG accord” aims to increase commitment on the SDGs across universities and colleges while identifying their contributions to the different goals. There are several initiatives under way to enhance reporting around the SDGs and the 2019 Global Sustainable Development Report functions as a space in which academics can summarize research findings that are relevant to SDG policies.

Business A collaboration between the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and UN Global Compact helps business with examples of business disclosures and mapping of SDG outputs with their reporting otn the SDGs. This is regarded as a first step towards reporting their contributions in an effective and comparable way. However it is important to keep in mind that there are no business reports to the UN, rather encouragements of business reporting. [6] UN Agencies The 2018 HLPF asking for inputs from UN agencies on areas including “(a) an assessment of the situation regarding the principle of “ensuring that no one is left behind” at the global level; (b) the identification of gaps, areas requiring urgent attention, risks and challenges; (c) valuable lessons learned on transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies; (d) emerging issues likely to affect building sustainable and resilient societies; (e) areas where political guidance by the high-level political forum is required; (f) policy recommendations on ways to accelerate progress in establishing sustainable and resilient societies.”[6]

IV. What is shadow reporting?

A shadow report is a formal review of the progress of a State, in this case on implementing the 2030 agenda, submitted by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to various United Nations bodies, including treaty-monitoring bodies, thematic groups, charter-based bodies and the High Commissioner for Human Rights . It is prepared by one or a coalition of civil society organizations (CSOs) and assesses the inaccuracy, omissions, deficiencies of the country reports/Voluntary National Reviews. Shadow reports provide a critical society ‘spotlight’ with additional/alternative information to address specific gaps in State policies, followed up in subsequent dialogue with the government. They play an essential role in providing reliable and independent information that might be overlooked by a government report. If there are effective efforts of the government towards a specific issue that would be worth replicating, it can also be reported. They are submitted to the High Level Political Forum in regards to the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals, but can also be sent to other UN committees such as the CEDAW (Convention to End All Forms of Discrimination against Women). Once submitted, the shadow report becomes as much as part of the official record as the report of the State itself. This means that a carefully documented shadow report is a powerful tool.

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V. Why do shadow reports?

It gives NGOs the power to demand accountability to their countries and to change the dynamics of advocacy towards specific priorities. It calls the attention of different decision takers to their demands and can do recommendations for policy reforms. Moreover, the response from the UN Committee can support the advocacy efforts of NGOs. This would raise attention to either media or policy-makers to focus and put in the agenda the issues advocated for.

VI. How to conduct a shadow report?

First: Get yourself familiar with the High Level Political Forum (HLPF) agenda to know what SDGs are being reported and which member states are delivering a Voluntary National Review (VNR). If your country is submitting it, it is a great opportunity to start working on a shadow report. You can get to know which countries are submitting their VNRs in the upcoming HLPF in this link: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/vnrs/ Second: According to the SDGs that are to be discussed during the HLPF, identify one or two in which your NMO is actively working (either through campaigns, advocacy or trainings) and where you have gathered or can gather data on. Go through the targets and indicators of the chosen SDG and identify which ones your NMO has most expertise on.

Remember to take into account that these targets and indicators should be most likely to be reported in the VNR or that are usually reported and measured. This can be based on what the member state is working on and/or has reported on previous HLPFs that addressed that specific SDG. Third: Identify, conduct outreach to, and secure potential partners. Once you have set the scope of the shadow report, do a stakeholder mapping to bring externals on board. They may help with up-to-date information on the issue you are focusing. Remember they can either help you in the whole process of preparing the report or “signing on” the report once it’s done. A single shadow report supported by a big alliance of CSO is more powerful than scattered submissions. This is a good resource for starting with stakeholder mapping https://www.groupmap.com/map-templates/stakeholder-analysis/ Fourth: You will need to identify the different factors that can influence this target within the health system and outside of it. The World Health Organization Health System Framework can be useful for understanding the factors within the health system. It’s important to have a good evidence basis to know what these factors are and which ones are more important. You will also need to look at the demographic aspects of the targets - are there any particular groups who are more or less affected by this problem? From a perspective of future medical professionals, it may also be interesting to especially consider what is needed in the education of the health workforce to tackle this issue. When you have a good understanding of the key factors and the demographics, you should look at the work that your government is doing around this target.

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Shadow Reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals

Fifth: Start doing the relevant research on what your country is doing. Look for official governments websites, national data (e.g. census), studies published in journals, UN and international websites for the national data and newspaper reporting. Remember to work closely with your allies as they may have access to more useful data for your report. After this step, you should narrow down the scope of your focus areas. If the VNR of your country is released, use it for narrowing down.

Sixth: Writing down the report. You should try to answer some or all of the following questions: • What is your government doing to reach this target?

• Is there anything that your government is doing particularly well that you think others could learn from?

• Is there any key factors that are not receiving enough attention by your government?

• Is there any barriers towards reaching this target by the set time?

• Is there any particular demographic that may not be reached by your government’s efforts?

• Is there any emerging issues that may threaten the achievement of this target?

You should also try to make concrete recommendations on what your country and countries in similar situations should keep in mind in their work to reach the target or targets you have chosen.

In addition to the goals and targets themselves, there are also indicators for the targets.

The indicators are things that will be measured to monitor the progress towards the target, which is especially relevant when the target is not easily measurable in itself. For example, target 3.3 includes to “end the epidemic of AIDS”, and one of the indicators for it is the number of new HIV infections.

One way to conduct shadow reporting is to look at alternative data than the official indicators. This can be done if you think what is being measured doesn’t fully reflect the target. In the example above, you might also want to look at the number of AIDS-related deaths or the percentage of people living with HIV who have access to antiretroviral treatment. It can also be done to look at how different groups are affected by certain problems and policies. This is called data disaggregation and can be useful to ensure that policies really are reaching those most in need.

If you think certain aspects of an issue or certain groups are at risk of being forgotten, you could make recommendations to establish national indicators that reflects the progress in these areas.

Seventh: Be sure that before submitting your report, it represents your NMO priorities as well as the ones of the externals you are working with. Do follow up of the report and continue advocacy efforts about the topics that were highlighted in the report. [7] TIP: be sure to create a working team of your NMO before starting with the process, so you have defined tasks beforehand.

Creating a shadow report may need financial support (e.g. to hire a consultant in charge or reviewing technical issues) and time in advance for working on it (3-6 months) and sharing it with relevant stakeholders (1-2 months), so beware of time and financial management to submit it timely for the HLPF or another UN meeting. [8] 10

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A recommendation for the NMOs, as they all share in common the fact that they are youth-led organizations, is to link the shadow report with the UN Youth Strategy, whose objective is to facilitate increased impact and expanded global, regional and countrylevel action to address the needs of young people, and to ensure their engagement and participation in the implementation, review and follow-up of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A possible highlight is to address the extent of the youth involvement reported by the member states towards achieving the SDGs that are to be reported in the HLPF.[9] Remember that shadow reports can be submitted to the HLPF with focus on the SDGs, but there are many other UN Committees that also receive submissions from CSO regarding to specific topics. Examples of them are: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). They all have different submission requirements that need to be checked in advance.

Finally, we include a template you can use for shaping your shadow report: https:// action4sd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/HLPF-VNR_CSO-Report-Template_2018.pdf

VII. Bibliography [1] Amy Lieberman. Civil society looks to independent review of SDGs, beyond government reporting. August 2018. Available at: https://www.devex.com/news/civil-society-looks-toindependent-review-of-sdgs-beyond-government-reporting-93226 [2] United Nations. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. October 2015. Available at: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ RES/70/1&Lang=E [3] Graham Long. How should civil society stakeholders report their contribution to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development? Technical Paper for the Division for Sustainable Development, UN DESA. Available at: https:// sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/18445CSOreporting_paper_ revisions_4May.pdf [4] Sustainable Development Goals Knowledge Platform. Sustainable Development Goals.

Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300 [5] Sustainable Development Goals Knowledge Platform. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment. un.org/post2015/transformingourworld [6] United Nations. Voluntary common reporting guidelines for voluntary national reviews at the high-level political forum for sustainable development (HLPF). Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/17346Updated_Voluntary_ Guidelines.pdf [7] The Advocates for Human Rights. 10 Steps to Writing a Shadow Report. 2014. Available at: https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/app_m.pdf [8] International Forum of National NGO Platforms. Guidelines for CSO Shadow Reports.

Monitoring the implementation of Agenda 2030 at national level. June 2018. Page 3.

Available at: http://forus-international.org/en/resources/8 [9] United Nations Youth Strategy. Youth 2030 Working with and for young people.

Available at: https://www.un.org/ecosoc/sites/www.un.org.ecosoc/files/18-00080_unyouth-strategy_web.pdf. Page 5 11

Shadow Reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals

IFMSA

International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations

Algeria (Le Souk)

Dominican Republic (ODEM)

Lebanon (LeMSIC) Libya (LMSA)

Senegal (FNESS)

Ecuador (AEMPPI)

Lithuania (LiMSA)

Serbia (IFMSA-Serbia)

Egypt (IFMSA-Egypt)

Luxembourg (ALEM)

Sierra Leone (SLEMSA)

Malawi (UMMSA)

Singapore (SiMSA)

Aruba (IFMSA-Aruba)

El Salvador (IFMSA-El Salvador)

Malaysia (SMMAMS)

Slovakia (SloMSA)

Australia (AMSA)

Estonia (EstMSA)

Mali (APS)

Slovenia (SloMSIC)

Austria (AMSA)

Ethiopia (EMSA)

Malta (MMSA)

South Africa (SAMSA)

Azerbaijan (AzerMDS)

Finland (FiMSIC)

Mexico (AMMEF-Mexico)

Spain (IFMSA-Spain)

Bangladesh (BMSS)

France (ANEMF)

Montenegro (MoMSIC)

Sudan (MedSIN)

Belgium (BeMSA)

Georgia (GMSA)

Sweden (IFMSA-Sweden)

Bolivia (IFMSA-Bolivia)

Germany (bvmd)

Morocco (IFMSAMorocco)

Bosnia & Herzegovina (BoHeMSA)

Ghana (FGMSA)

Nepal (NMSS)

Greece (HelMSIC)

The Netherlands

Syrian Arab Republic (SMSA)

Grenada (IFMSAGrenada)

(IFMSA NL)

Taiwan - China (FMS)

Nigeria (NiMSA)

Tajikistan (TJMSA)

Norway (NMSA)

Thailand (IFMSAThailand)

Argentina (IFMSAArgentina) Armenia (AMSP)

Bosnia & Herzegovina – Republic of Srpska (SaMSIC) Brazil (DENEM)

Guatemala (IFMSAGuatemala)

Brazil (IFMSA-Brazil)

Guinea (AEM)

Bulgaria (AMSB)

Guyana (GuMSA)

Burkina Faso (AEM)

Haiti (AHEM)

Burundi (ABEM) Cameroon (CAMSA)

Honduras (IFMSAHonduras)

Canada (CFMS)

Oman (MedSCo)

Switzerland (swimsa)

Pakistan (IFMSAPakistan)

Tanzania (TaMSA)

Panama (IFMSAPanama)

Trinidad and Tobago (TTMSA)

Paraguay (IFMSAParaguay)

Tunisia (Associa-Med)

Hungary (HuMSIRC)

Canada – Québec (IFMSA-Québec)

Iceland (IMSA)

Peru (IFMSA-Peru)

India (MSAI)

Peru (APEMH)

Turkey – Northern Cyprus (MSANC)

Catalonia - Spain (AECS)

Indonesia (CIMSA-ISMKI) Iran (IMSA)

Philippines (AMSAPhilippines)

Uganda (FUMSA)

Chile (IFMSA-Chile) China (IFMSA-China)

Iraq (IFMSA-Iraq)

Poland (IFMSA-Poland)

China – Hong Kong (AMSAHK)

Iraq – Kurdistan (IFMSAKurdistan)

Portugal (ANEM)

United Arab Emirates (EMSS)

Colombia (ASCEMCOL)

Ireland (AMSI)

Costa Rica (ACEM)

Israel (FIMS)

Republic of Moldova (ASRM)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (SfGH)

Croatia (CroMSIC)

Italy (SISM)

Cyprus (CyMSA)

Jamaica (JAMSA)

Republic of North Macedonia (MMSA)

United States of America (AMSA-USA)

Czech Republic (IFMSACZ)

Japan (IFMSA-Japan)

Romania (FASMR)

Jordan (IFMSA-Jo)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (MSA-DRC)

Kazakhstan (KazMSA)

Russian Federation (HCCM)

Uruguay (IFMSAUruguay)

Denmark (IMCC)

Korea (KMSA)

Dominica (IFMSA Commonwealth of Dominica)

Kosovo - Serbia (KOMS)

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Kenya (MSAKE)

Kuwait (KuMSA) Latvia (LaMSA)

Qatar (QMSA)

Togo (AEMP)

Turkey (TurkMSIC)

Ukraine (UMSA)

Uzbekistan (Phenomenon)

Russian Federation – Republic of Tatarstan (TaMSA)

Venezuela (FEVESOCEM)

Rwanda (MEDSAR)

Zambia (ZaMSA)

Saint Lucia (IFMSA-Saint Lucia)

Zimbabwe (ZIMSA)

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Yemen (NAMS)

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