Prefabricados en áreas sísmicas

PRECAST IN SEISMIC AREAS

Project presentation

Content • Basic facts • Industrialised construction in China- project – – – – – – –

Target Architecture Structural design Connections / detailing Precast components Comments from international experts Project material

• Reference precast buildings from major earthquake areas • Conclusions

BASIC FACTS

World seismic map

Basic Principles The intensity of an earthquake is a measurement of the observed damage at a particular location. This intensity will vary with distance from the epicenter and depends on local ground conditions.

Fracture mechanisms

In seismic design ductile structures are preferred

Precast Seismic Systems Typical ductile connections

Precast Seismic Systems

Industrialized building construction in China – Project

Industrialized building construction for China Target of the project • To develop: • A building system for industrially manufactured multi storey apartment building – based on precast concrete building method – based on Nordic (Scandinavian) experience – modern Nordic industrialized building technologies (including building services, thermal insulation, ecology, fast assembly, quality, design etc.)

– design according to Chinese needs and regulation (including seismic evaluation).

Project phases

Local regulation

Urban planning

Project phases Floor layout design

Architecture / outlook

Project phases Structural design

Detailing

30.12.2013

Seismic Training 2014 / Olli Korander

Project phases • • • • •

Fact book about Seismicity and Precast Sustainability Building services Cost evaluation Checking by experts from China and New Zealand

• Precast systems for Seismic Areas

Project Team • Elematic Oy • Peikko Group • JKMM Architects • Sweco – Finnmap Consulting – Airix Building services – Sweco PM

• Suadi ( China ) • Holmes Consulting ( New Zealand ) • TEKES, the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation

Architecture

Urban planning

Type

High rise Housing

Central City(inside outer Ring Road) Inside inner Outside circle inner circle D 25%

FAR 2.5

D 25%

FAR 2.0

Beyond Central City(outside outer Ring Road) New town Central Common Village village others D FAR D FAR D FAR 25% 1.8 30% 1.0 30% 1.0

Architecture / floor layout

Architecture

Architecture / flexibility

Architecture / variations

Project characteristics Section

Description

Site Location

China, Shanghai

Ground type

Hard to Stiff Clay

Occupancy

14-Floors Precast Residential Building

Building area

5390 m²

Construction type

Precast concrete elements

Structural system

Shear Wall system

Floor system Lateral system Foundation system

Design process tools

PC Half Slab+ cast in situ Concrete Topping - Diaphragm Uncoupled wall system Piled foundation

Building Information Modeling (BIM) Interoperability of Tekla structures, SCIA Engineering, RFEM Dlubal, AUTOCAD, and Excel.

Cross-sections

Structural system Precast large wall panel / shear wall system • • • •

Reference material: Chinese codes and standards Eurocode 8, Eurocode 2 fib Commission 6 : Precast concrete buildings in seismic areas - Practical aspects • PCI: Seismic design of Precast / Prestressed Concrete Structures

Shear wall system Shear wall ( large panel ) systems provide sufficient horizontal stability with proper arrangements of the walls in all directions.

Calculations PGA* 0,05 g ( low ) PGA 0,20 g ( high )

1. 3D Modeling View 2. Analysis and design 3. Floor design process 4. Wall and joints design process 5. Structure reactions 6. Eigenvalue Analysis 7. Structural Displacement and Damage Limitations 8. Shear walls and Diaphragm results.

PGA= peak ground acceleration

Load bearing walls, floor lay-out

Structural system Cast-in-situ Vertical connection

Precast Solid Partition Wall 200 mm

Balcony Solid precast Wall 200 mmm Horizonatal wall connection

Sandwich Precast Wall Element Bearing shell 160 mm Insulation 100 mm Facade 70 mm

Balcony Soild Slab 220mm

Structural system / seismic forces

Seismic forces in low and high seismicity FL 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor 4th Floor 5th Floor 6th Floor 7th Floor 8th Floor 9th Floor 10th Floor 11th Floor 12th Floor 13th Floor 14th Floor FL 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor 4th Floor 5th Floor 6th Floor 7th Floor 8th Floor 9th Floor 10th Floor 11th Floor 12th Floor 13th Floor 14th Floor

Height [zi] m 2,8 5,6 8,4 11,2 14 16,8 19,6 22,4 25,2 28 30,8 33,6 36,4 39,2

Seismic shear in X_ 0.2g kN 5266.99 4220.53 4675.42 4441.77 4187.34 3777.34 2999.84 3280.4 2257.49 2529.3 2106.85 1646.47 1093.84 483.32

Seismic shear in X_ 0.05g kN 1938.13 1920.21 1889.21 1841.21 1750.98 1648.44 1535.76 1411.56 1278.16 1133.56 973.44 789.21 570.32 311.95

Height [zi] m 2,8 5,6 8,4 11,2 14 16,8 19,6 22,4 25,2 28 30,8 33,6 36,4 39,2

Seismic shear in Y_ 0.2g kN 4420.1 4097.44 3473.93 3242.59 2951.62 2805.92 2672.42 2630.34 2478.32 2324.55 2060.16 1653.68 1164.41 512.63

Seismic shear in Y_ 0.05g kN 1797.13 1745.18 1743.96 1673.21 1587.79 1495.15 1396.68 1299.87 1197.38 1086.03 956.93 795.76 595.13 327.28

Calculations 0.2g Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 1

Mode 2

0,769 sec [X-Dir.]

0,241 sec [X-Dir.]

1,069 sec [Y-Dir.]

0,560 sec [Y-Dir.]

< XDir>

< YDir >

0.05g Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 1

Mode 2

0.403 sec [X-Dir.]

0.123 sec [X-Dir.]

0.441 sec [Y-Dir.]

0.300 sec [Y-Dir.]

< XDir>

< YDir >

Material properties Eurocode

Chinese PC Solid Slab, PC Stair, PC Parapet

CONCRETE

C40 Eurocode

Chinese PC Wall (Solid Wall, Sandwich Wall)

C30

C30/37 Eurocode

Chinese The Concrete for Joint Casting

C30

C30/37 Eurocode

Chinese Topping Concrete

C30

C30/37 Eurocode

Chinese Foundation (Pile Cap)

C40/50

C30

PC Wall PC Solid Slab PC Stair

fyk = 500MPa

Strand (PC Solid Half Slab)

fpk = 1,860MPa (fp0.1k = 1,630 Mpa)

REINFORCEMENT & STRAND

C30/37 Sulfate Resisting Cement

Connections

Connections

Connections

Connections

Connections

3-D Modeling / building

Modeling / floor

Modeling / wall element

Project results

Checking, China Suadi

Checking, New Zealand Holmes Consulting Group

FE-Models PKPM MODEL BY SUADI

RFEM MODEL BY FINNMAP

ETABS MODEL BY HOLMES

• • • •

Balcony is added as distributed load on floor.

Rigid diaphragm floor is used.

Walls are not released. (The structures analyzed more or less as cast in situ concrete).

• • •

Balcony is added as attached element to the structure.

Rigid diaphragm floor is used.

Walls are not released. (The structures analyzed more or less as cast in situ concrete).

• •

Balcony is added as attached element to the structure. The balcony structure is released from mean structure.

Rigid diaphragm floor is used.

Wall are released. (The precast connections were considered in analysis).

Some comparisons

Some comparisons

Recommended reinforcement principle

Overlapping stirrups RECOMMENDED

Recommended reinforcement principle

Main findings of checking • Loadings and deformations close to each others • Balanced floor lay-out, amount and location of shear walls makes design easier and reduces forces and deformations • The latest findings of reinforcement principles of details, increase ductility, anchoring of bars are implemented • Use of more ductile steel improves the structure

Conclusion • Seismic loads and actions are large compared to non-seismic situations • Seismic design is more demanding than normal structural design • Seismic design expertice is often local • Local codes follow often the principles of cast in situ • Precast buildings can be used in different seismic conditions • The design of connections is the key point