생활 습관 Lifestyles

마다 기 전에

• 마다 is attached to noun pertaining to time and indicates the repetition of a similar action over a set period of time.

• In English, it corresponds to EVERY.

Note:

Although it can be grammatically correct to see 달/월 (month) and 주 (week) with 마다, it’s much more common and natural to instead say 매주 for ‘every week’ and 매달/매월 to mean ‘every month.’

(Every morning, I go to the park to take a walk.)

(I go to church every Sunday.)

식사하기

손을

(Wash your hands well before eating.)

• 기 전에 is attached to verbs and is equivalent to the English expression BEFORE.

물건 찾기

Finding Objects

-(으)ㄹ 거예요

-아/어 있다

• -(으)ㄹ 거예요 is attached to verbs or adjectives to express the speaker’s supposition based on personal experience or something seen or heard that provides basis for the belief.

• In English, it corresponds to THINK.

• 을 거예요 is attached to verbs with final consonants (batchim) while ㄹ 거예요 is attached to verbs without final consonants.

가:

투이

(Tui, have you tried eating tteokbokki?)

아니요, 아직 안 먹어 봤어요. (No, I haven’t tried eating tteokbokki yet.)

나:

(So, do you usually eat spicy food well?)

(Then I think tteokbokki will be a little spicy for you.)

Note:

This is the same grammar particle used to express the future tense of the verb, that is why it is important to read and understand the context of the sentence to figure out its meaning with reference to the grammar particle used. In the above given examples, a situation is presented which provided basis to the belief made thus, making the grammar particle 을거예요 functions as providing supposition and not expressing the future tense of the verb.

To wit: a Korean exam tomorrow, so I think maybe he’s studying in the library.)

For example A, Tui haven’t tried eating tteokbokki yet and is not fond of eating spicy food, so her friend ASSUMED that tteokbokki will be a little spicy for her since she has already tried it. For example B, Jane said that there is a scheduled Korean exam the following day so she GUESSED that Ivan is studying in the library.

• -아/어 있다 is attached to verbs and indicates a continuing state of a completed action. • This Korean grammar pattern expresses “in the state of being “

• 아 있다 is attached to verbs ending in ㅗ or ㅏ while 어 있다 is attached to verbs ending in vowels other than ㅗ or ㅏ. Meanwhile, for verbs ending in 하다, we attach 해 있다.

Examples:

A. 교실 문이 열려 있어요 (The classroom door is open.) [The door is left open after being opened.]

B. 학생들이 모두 자리에 앉아 있어요 (All students are seated.) [The students are still seated after they sat.]

Note: This pattern is often used with passive verbs such as 열리다 (to be opened), 닫히다 (to be closed), and 쓰이다 (to be written).

Examples:

A. 문이 열려 있어요. (The door is open.) [The door was opened, and it remains open now.]

B. 창문이 닫혀 있어요. (The window is closed.) [The window was closed, and it remains close now.]

C. 여기 제 이름이 쓰여 있어요. (I write my name here.) [The name was written before, and it remains written now.]

Note also that 아/어 있다 may often be confused with 고 있다. To review, 고 있다 expresses an action currently in progress (be it in the past, present, or future) while 아/어 있다 indicates that the action is still on going after it has been done. Take note that when sentences with these grammar patterns are translated in English, the translation would just be the same.

Examples:

A. 오빠가 의자에 앉아 있어요. (My brother is sitting on the chair.)

B. 오빠가 의자에 앉고 있어요. (My brother is sitting on the chair.)

Both sentences, although used different grammar particles, translated in English say “My brother is sitting on the chair.”

However, example A expresses that the brother has already sat on the chair long before the speaker speaks and is still sitting as the speaker speaks, while example B expresses that the brother is just sitting now while the speaker speaks.