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News pag. 2 - 5 Recensioni “FAO Depository Library” pag. 6 - 12 Recensioni “Miscellaneous” pag. 13 - 14

N° 5 - 2013 - settembre/ottobre

Impact : evaluating research output and judging which work to fund is getting harder Every organization that funds research wants to support science that makes a difference. But there is no simple formula for identifying truly important research. segue>>> Judgement day : Many governments are assessing the quality of university research, much to the dismay of some researchersTwo years ago, academics at Lancaster University, UK, found segue>>> themselves in the uncomfortable position of being graded.

Open citations: make bibliographic citation data freely available and substantial benefits will flow, says David Shotton, director of the Open Citations Corpus When Heather Piwowar set out in May last year to investigate whether making research data publicly available increased the citation rates of articles', she never anticipated the difficulties. segue>>> The golden club: publishing in the most prestigious journals can open doors, but their cachet is under attack Jeffrey Elmer baa noticed a change in the way other scientists treat him since his paper on kidney-stone growth inhibitors appeared on the cover of Science three years ago. segue>>> Il Decreto Cultura è legge: ecco le novità per le biblioteche La Camera dei Deputati ha approvato il 3 ottobre scorso la legge di conversione del D.L. 9 agosto 2013 n. 91 (“Disposizioni urgenti per la tutela, la valorizzazione e il rilancio dei beni e delle attività culturali segue>>> e del turismo”), senza apportare modifiche al testo emendato dal Senato.

The reuse factor: the reference is not dead, it is exploding to encompass the full spectrum of research outputs from lines of code to video frames, explains Mark Hahnel.

Researchers are still struggling to find, manipulate and cite research outputs other than published papers. segue>>>

Centro Documentale dell’Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari (IAMB) Via Ceglie, 9 70010 Valenzano - Bari www.iamb.it Responsabile: Luigi Sisto A cura di: Giuseppe Inchingolo Wanda Occhialini con la collaborazione di: Silvana Carelli

58° Congresso nazionale: Quale lavoro in biblioteca?

Il CEN, nella seduta del 15 gennaio 2013 ha deliberato che il 58° Congresso Nazionale dell'Associazione si terrà il 28-29 novembre 2013 a Roma, presso l'Aula Magna della Facoltà di Lettere dell'Università di Roma Tre, e sarà dedicato al tema del lavoro in biblioteca. segue>>> FSR 2014 outline L'Associazione Italiana Biblioteche (AIB) e la Biblioteca Vaticana organizzano congiuntamente la conferenza internazionale “Faster, smarter and richer. Reshaping the library catalogue“, che si terrà a segue>>> Roma, il 27-28 febbraio 2014.

The 3M™ Cloud Library The 3M™ Cloud Library application is an innovative way to browse, borrow and read popular fiction and non-fiction eBooks from your local public library. You will need a valid library card to use the application. segue>>>

Progetto grafico ed impaginazione: Fabio La Notte

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Impact : evaluating research output and judging which work to fund is getting harder Every organization that funds research wants to support science that makes a difference. But there is no simple formula for identifying truly important research. And the job is becoming more difficult. As funding gets squeezed, scientists face stiffer competition for resources and jobs, and it becomes more crucial than ever to develop reliable ways of spotting and supporting the best work. This week, Nature examines how the impact of research is measured — and asks whether today's evaluation systems promote the most important science. A News Feature on page 288 examines how countries are assessing work through elaborate audit systems. Supporters say that these improve overall research quality, whereas critics charge that they eat up time and money and skew grants towards 'hot topics: A second News Feature on page 291 looks at the influence of the leading journals, traditionally recognized as a filter for important research. That role is now being challenged by changes in the publishing industry. And a Careers Feature on page 397 discusses how grant applicants can articulate the potential impact of their research, as required by many granting agencies. One way of assessing the influence of research is to track citations of papers, but there are concerns that such data are often proprietary and not easily evaluated, writes David Shotton on page 295. Shotton is the director of the Open Citations Corpus, a fledgling repository for open scholarly citation data. Researchers are increasingly producing output — data, videos and code, for example — that do not mesh well with older systems for evaluating scientific contributions. On page 298, Mark Hahnel, founder of figshare, an online tool that allows researchers to publish all their data in a citable, searchable and shareable manner, describes the complexities of tracking the impact of these diverse research products.

These stories and commentaries show how evaluation systems are having to evolve rapidly to keep up with changes in the way that science is practised and communicated (see Editorial, page271). Separating the best from the rest has never been harder. [continue et … Nature.com/impact]

Judgement day : Many governments are assessing the quality of university research, much to the dismay of some researchersTwo years ago, academics at Lancaster University, UK, found themselves in the uncomfortable position of being graded. They each had to submit the four best pieces of research that they had published in the previous few years, and then wait for months as small panels of colleagues — each containing at least one person from outside the university — judged the quality of the work. Those who failed their evaluations were offered various forms of help, including mentoring from a more experienced colleague, an early start on an upcoming sabbatical or a temporary break from teaching duties. The university did not undertake this huge exercise just to make sure that the researchers were pulling their weight. The assessment was a drill to prepare for the Research Excellence Framework (REP), a massive evaluation of the quality of research at every university and public research institute in the United Kingdom, which is set to take place in 2014. The idea of the drill 'was to identify areas where we could help people develop their profiles'; says Trevor McMillan, Lancaster University's pro-vice-chancellor for research. Happily, he says, the results suggested that the university would score more highly than it did on the most recent national evaluation, in 2008.

But other mock evaluations have proceeded less smoothly. In a survey of more than 7,000 UK academics published on 3 October by the University and College Union (UCU) … [Impact, a Nature special issue nature.com/impact].

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The golden club: publishing in the most prestigious journals can open doors, but their cachet is under attack Jeffrey Elmer baa noticed a change in the way other scientists treat him since his paper on kidney-stone growth inhibitors appeared on the cover of Science three years ago. When his colleagues introduce hint they often mention his publications or the publicity he has garnered, which he interprets as a nod to his Science paper'. “From the reaction of colleagues, it's almost like you've joined a dub:' says Rimer, a chemical engineer and assistant professor at the University of Houston in Texas. “Fair or unfair, it's like you've proved you can do good science.

Researchers often say that publishing in prestigious journals can make a career. And for decades, the most sought after of the bunch have been Nature and Science — broadly read journals that reject more than 90% of the manuscripts they receive. A paper in one of these journals, it is said, can bring job opportunities, invitations to speak, grants, promotions and even cash bonuses and prizes. Rimer believes that his Science paper contributed to his winning a grant from the Welch Foundation, a chemical-research funding organization based in Houston, in 2012, and he expects that it may help when he seeks tenure at his university. His impressions echo what many other scientists say — often with gritted teeth — about premier journals. But the publishing world is rapidly changing, and the leading titles are facing increasing competition. The push for open-access publishing has gathered steady steam; more than 5,000 open-access journals have been launched since Rimer's paper was published in October 2010. These journals, along with the more established open-access publications, are attracting a growing share of submissions, threatening the hold of the leading journals. Beyond that trend, some advocates for the open-access movement have specifically attacked Science and Nature, which they label as 'glamour journals~ They say that the journals' prestige is part of a business model in which hot findings are flaunted as a way to justify theft subscription rates. And many senior scientists worry that too much attention is paid to where people publish rather than to what they have done — that Science, Nature and similar publications hold too much sway over the careers of working scientists. “It's like a kind of addiction:' says Stephen Curry, a structural biologist at Imperial College London who has been vocal about the issue on his blog, Reciprocal Space.

Il Decreto Cultura è legge: ecco le novità per le biblioteche La Camera dei Deputati ha approvato il 3 ottobre scorso la legge di conversione del D.L. 9 agosto 2013 n. 91 (“Disposizioni urgenti per la tutela, la valorizzazione e il rilancio dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo”), senza apportare modifiche al testo emendato dal Senato.

L'art. 4 della norma, nella versione definitiva, contiene le seguenti misure a favore di biblioteche, archivi e promozione della lettura: http://www.aib.it/attivita/2013/38411-decreto-cultura-legge/

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Open citations: make bibliographic citation data freely available and substantial benefits will flow, says David Shotton, director of the Open Citations Corpus When Heather Piwowar set out in May last year to investigate whether making research data publicly available increased the citation rates of articles', she never anticipated the difficulties. Piwowar, co-founder of ImpactStory and who is based in Vancouver, Canada, was at the time a postdoc at Duke University in North Carolina. Lacking institutional access to Scopus, Elsevier's database of scholarly citations, she eventually obtained access through a research-worker agreement with Canada's National Science Library But this required her to be fingerprinted to obtain a police clearance certificate because she had lived in the United States. “I wasted days trying to access the citation data required for my study4' she told me. “It was just ridiculous. Piwowar needed to analyse citation counts for 10,000 articles, but the other major citation source, the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, did not at the time support queries using PubMed's unique identifier numbers. She explains: “Had there been open citation data, I could have written my own script!”.

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The reuse factor: the reference is not dead, it is exploding to encompass the full spectrum of research outputs from lines of code to video frames, explains Mark Hahnel.

Researchers are still struggling to find, manipulate and cite research outputs other than published papers. Data-management plans for research - detailing what data will be created and how, and outlining plans for data sharing and preservation - are a core requisite of all grant applications for a long list of US and UK funding agencies. These include the US National Science Foundation, the US National Institutes of Health, NASA, the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.

Funders require grantees to make all their products available in a citable, sharable and discoverable manner. As a result, tools such as the California Digital Library's Data Management and the UK-based Digital Curation Centre's DMPonline have materialized to help optimistic grant applicants to fill in this section. Even with the help of such too management plans are being rejected some grant applications. This is a walke-up call. Researchers should belong past thing that depositing their data in a file hosting service such as Dropbox is sufficient majority of academics still consider articles to be the only valid, formal their research the main currency. In my view, the current model of grouping non-image files together in supplemental appended to a paper is laughable. Data are the bedrock of a paper and come ii forms; for instance, videos for reseat motility or biomechanics, or code for climate or epidemiology models. Scholars are increasingly sharing these sorts of raw data through repositories such as the Dryad Digits Repository and GenBank, which allow for the citation of data sets, videos, genetic s and other such files that publish struggle to accommodate.

58° Congresso nazionale: Quale lavoro in biblioteca?

Il CEN, nella seduta del 15 gennaio 2013 ha deliberato che il 58° Congresso Nazionale dell'Associazione si terrà il 28-29 novembre 2013 a Roma, presso l'Aula Magna della Facoltà di Lettere dell'Università di Roma Tre, e sarà dedicato al tema del lavoro in biblioteca.

La scelta del tema congressuale, assolutamente cruciale per l'AIB, mira a dare concretezza all'impegno dell'associazione sul terreno delle condizioni di di lavoro nelle biblioteche italiane e a fare il punto su alcuni obiettivi strategici contenuti nel programma di mandato del direttivo attualmente in carica.

In particolare il CEN intende concentrare l'attenzione della comunità bibliotecaria italiana sulle tematiche che riguardano i giovani e il lavoro, il riconoscimento e la certificazione della professione, la formazione impartita nelle università italiane e le sue auspicabili modifiche. Per quanto riguarda le prospettive occupazionali dei bibliotecari, ci troviamo in uno dei peggiori momenti conosciuti dal dopoguerra, con pesanti difficoltà che riguardano in primis i giovani colleghi che intraprendono la strada della professione: dotati spesso di una preparazione di alto livello, hanno difficoltà a trovare una collocazione per la scarsità di offerte di lavoro, per l'inadeguatezza delle condizioni contrattuali, per la mancanza di continuità del rapporto di lavoro. A completare il quadro c'è la mancanza di turn-over nelle biblioteche, che rischia di disperdere l'esperienza dei colleghi più anziani, fondamentale per salvaguardare la continuità della gestione e delle competenze interne alle biblioteche e per il miglioramento dei servizi. D'altra parte, non essendoci in Italia uno status professionale riconosciuto, chiunque può dirsi “ bibliotecario” per il solo fatto di prestare attività lavorativa in una biblioteca.

Questa situazione, inaccettabile, è stata sancita anche dai recenti provvedimenti del governo, che consentono l'affidamento anche a titolo gratuito della gestione di biblioteche ad associazioni di promozione culturale, non necessariamente dotate delle competenze professionali richieste. http://www.aib.it/attivita/2013/30885-58-congresso-nazionale

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FSR 2014 outline L'Associazione Italiana Biblioteche (AIB) e la Biblioteca Vaticana organizzano congiuntamente la conferenza internazionale “Faster, smarter and richer. Reshaping the library catalogue“, che si terrà a Roma, il 27-28 febbraio 2014.

Lo sviluppo e la crescita di pubblicazioni elettroniche e alcuni progressi significativi nel campo delle biblioteche digitali stanno cambiando gli scenari in cui le biblioteche tradizionali sono oggi recitazione. Tutti questi problemi stanno mettendo in discussione gli obiettivi del catalogo e dei suoi servizi. http://www.aib.it/attivita/congressi/2013/38702-fsr-2014-outline/ The 3M™ Cloud Library

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Land Tenure Journal = Revue des Questions Foncières = Revista sobre Tenencia de la Tierra / Roma : FAO, c2013. IV, 201p. : ill. ; 23 cm.

The endorsement of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT) by the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) in May 2012 was of major significance to all those who depend on fisheries and fish for their livelihoods and wellbeing. In particular small-scale fisheries play an important role in food security and nutrition, poverty eradication, equitable development and sustainable resource utilization. Promoting and enhancing this role requires, among other things, secure and equitable access to fishery and other natural resources by fishing communities, especially marginalized and vulnerable groups, and the VGGT provide a crucial framework for improving governance in this respect. As each sub-sector has its particular characteristics, implementing responsible governance of tenure in fisheries requires sector specific knowledge and considerations. To provide fisheries relevant inputs and guidance for the VGGT and their implementation, an FAO workshop on governance of tenure for responsible capture fisheries was convened in Rome on 4-6 July 2011. The workshop was jointly organized by the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department and the Natural Resources and Environment Department with the assistance of John Kurien, FAO Consultant and Visiting Faculty at the Azim Premji University, Bangalore, India. Together with a collection of voices of fishers expressing their perspectives and experiences with regard to tenure, several case studies had been prepared for the workshop providing insights into tenure arrangements in different fisheries, socio-economic settings and regions of the world. This issue of the FAO Land Tenure Journal includes seven articles based on the case studies presented and discussed in the workshop. These articles, together with other information and experiences on small-scale fisheries around the globe, have been used as the basis for the work on a fisheries implementation guide in support of the VGGT that is currently under development and they provide a thorough overview of fisheries tenure.

A technical guide to support the implementation of the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security / Roma : FAO, c2013. – IX, 71p. , tab. ; 30 cm. (( Implementing improved tenure governance in fisheries ; Preliminary version, September 2013.

This Guide has been developed to assist in the implementation of the VGGT with regard to fisheries in marine and inland waters. It explains the characteristics of the fisheries sector and provides technical guidance. Its purpose is to contribute to the achievement of the VGGT objectives in respect of the improvement of governance of tenure in fisheries. Special attention is given to small‐scale fisheries, considering the sector's particular importance to food security and nutrition, poverty eradication, equitable development and sustainable resource utilization (see Box 2). Many small‐scale fishing communities are vulnerable and marginalized and, hence, represent the people who are at the core of the VGGT remit. The Guide is directed to those in governments and other organizations who are involved in issues related to governance of tenure in fisheries and in areas where fishing communities are settled or where they carry out activities supporting their livelihoods. The target audience thus includes in particular relevant staff of fisheries and other government agencies and regional organizations but also the private sector and civil society organizations (CSOs). Part 1 of the Guide provides explanations with regard to important concepts for understanding tenure in fisheries. This part is of particular relevance to those who are not familiar with the fisheries sector. Part 2 discusses approaches for how to implement responsible tenure in fisheries and is directed to those who are tasked with implementing the VGGT in the fisheries sector and for the benefit of small‐scale fishing communities. Governance in fisheries with respect to rights to fishery resources (access to fishing) is a subject on which there is already considerable literature and guidance available. While attempting to give an accurate overview of the subject matter, this Guide focuses on issues of concern with regard to tenure in the context of livelihoods of vulnerable and marginalized groups. References to more in‐depth information and specialized literature that readers are invited to consult along with this document are provided, as applicable. It should be noted that the term fishery resources in this document includes other aquatic animals or plants that are fished or harvested. However, while it is recognized that there are often important linkages between aquaculture and fisheries, the Guide focuses on the capture fisheries sector.

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Scombrotoxin fish poisoning (SFP) (oft en called “histamine poisoning”) is caused by ingestion of certain species of marine fish that contain high levels of histamine and possibly other biogenic amines. Codex Alimentarius through its standards and guidelines aims to provide countries with a basis on which to manage issues such as histamine formation. Several of the existing standards include maximum levels for histamine in different fish and fishery products. The need to harmonize such limits and produce the associated guidance on the relevant sampling plans and other aspects of sampling resulted in the 31st Session of the Codex Committee on Fish and Fishery Products (CCFFP), which agreed to look into the issue of histamine limits in more detail.

The Committee established an electronic Working Group in order to facilitate this work and identified the need for scientific advice from FAO and WHO to support this work. FAO and WHO convened an expert meeting at the FAO headquarters in Rome from 23 to 27 July 2012 to address the public health risks of histamine and other biogenic amines from fish and fishery products. This report summarizes the outcome of that meeting.

Histamine is produced by bacterial actions, e.g. spoilage and fermentation, in fish species which have a naturally high level of the amino acid histidine. Generally, this takes place at a temperature of more than 25°C over a period of more than 6 hours or for longer at lower temperatures. A hazard identification process, in which all biogenic amines were considered, concluded that there is compelling evidence that histamine is the most significant causative agent of SFP and that histamine can be used as an indicator of SFP. There are no difficulties in analysing histamine and a number of suitable methods are available. The different species of fish that are reportedly responsible for SFP were EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix identified, including those with a high histidine level which have the potential to cause SFP. Noting that this information should be easily accessible to support risk-based approaches to SFP management, the expert meeting developed the most comprehensive list of fish associated with SFP to date. The hazard characterization concluded that a dose of 50 mg of histamine, which is the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), is the appropriate hazard level. At this level healthy individuals would not be expected to suffer any of the symptoms associated with SFP. In addition, no cumulative effect of consecutive meals containing fish was expected, because histamine usually leaves the body within a few hours. Using the available fish and fishery products consumption data combined with expert opinion, the meeting agreed that a serving size of 250 g captured the maximum amount eaten in most countries at a single eating event. Based on the hazard level of 50 mg of histamine and the serving size of 250 g, the maximum concentration of histamine in that serving was calculated to be 200 mg/kg. When food business operators apply good hygienic practices (GHP) and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP), an achievable level of histamine in fish products was reported to be lower than 15 mg/kg, based on data made available by industry (using a test method with a lower detection limit of 15 mg/kg). Recognizing that the purpose of testing is not to control the problem of SFP, but rather to verify that all the necessary control measures have been implemented effectively, identify failures in the system and remove implicated products from the market, different sampling approaches and associated plans were presented. In order to provide more explicit guidance on sampling approaches the meeting analysed a range of sampling plans implemented under different scenarios of histamine levels, as defined by the logtransformed mean and standard deviation. Examples of attributes sampling plans appropriate to different levels of tolerance for samples above 200 mg/kg, and for different assumptions about the standard deviation of histamine concentration within lots, were presented. The sampling plans shown were two-class plans and they indicate the number of analytical units required to be tested in order to have 95 percent confidence that the batch as a whole satisfies the desired specified low proportion of samples (such as 1 in 10 000) to exceed 200 mg/kg. The spread of contamination levels in the batch (i.e. the logtransformed standard deviation of contamination levels) has a strong effect on the tolerable average contamination level and, thus, on the number of samples that must be tested to “accept” the batch. Appropriate selection of the criterion against which test units comprising the sample will be assessed for compliance (the m value), can considerably improve the timeand cost-effectiveness of sampling: requiring the lowest number of samples to be tested to achieve the same level of confidence about the disposition of the lot being assessed. The expert meeting concluded that histamine formation and SFP can be easily controlled. The risk from SFP is best mitigated by applying basic GHPs and, where feasible, a HACCP system.

Appropriate sampling plans and testing for histamine should be used to validate the HACCP systems, verify the effectiveness of control measures, and detect failures in the system. Sensory evaluation remains a highly useful tool for quality control programmes, but acceptable sensory quality cannot be taken as final assurance of low histamine, nor can low histamine be taken as final assurance that fish is not decomposed. As a result the conclusion of the expert meeting was to focus their advice on histamine limits and related sampling plans to those focused on consumer protection. Several areas in which further research will be needed have been identified, including the need to clarify the critical role played by histamine and other biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of SFP.

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FAO Depository Library

Expert Meeting on the Public Health Risks of Histamine and other Biogenic Amines from Fish and Fishery Products : Meeting Report : Rome Italy 23-27 July 2012 / Rome : FAO and WHO, c2013. – X, 126p. , tab., graf. ; 25 cm. (( Includes bibliographical references.

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FAO Depository Library

Directives relatives au changement climatique à l'intention des gestionnaires forestiers / Rome : FAO, c2013. – XII, 112p. : ill., tab. ; 25 cm. (( ÉTUDE FAO FORÊTS ; 172.

Les effets du changement climatique et de la variabilité du climat sur les ecosystems forestiers sont manifestes dans le monde et la poursuite de ces effets est inévitable, au moins à court et à moyen terme. Pour résoudre les problèmes posés par le changement climatique, il faut modifier les politiques forestières et apporter des changements aux plans et pratiques de gestion forestière.

En 2010, la FAO a établi des directives à l'intention des décideurs pour les aider à intégrer le changement climatique dans les politiques forestières et les programmes forestiers nationaux existants ou nouveaux. Les présentes directives complètent les directives publiées en 2010. Le document a été établi pour aider les gestionnaires forestiers à mieux évaluer les problèmes causés par le changement climatique et à tirer parti des possibilités qu'ils offrent au niveau de l'unité de gestion forestière. Les mesures proposées ont pour but d'intéresser tous les gestionnaires forestiers – propriétaires de forêt, entreprises forestières privées, organismes publics, groupes autochtones et associations locales de défense des forêts. Ces mesures s'appliquent à tous les types de forêt dans toutes les régions et à tous les objectifs de gestion. Ce sont des directives générales, qu'il faut donc adapter aux circonstances locales.

Face au changement climatique il existe deux principaux types de réponse : l'adaptation et l'atténuation de ses effets.

L'atténuation des effets cherche à réduire les facteurs qui causent le changement climatique, tandis que l'adaptation cherche à réduire son impact. Dans le secteur forestier, l'adaptation au changement climatique englobe une modification des pratiques de gestion visant à réduire la vulnérabilité des forêts au changement climatique et des interventions visant à réduire la vulnérabilité des personnes au changement climatique. Les stratégies d'atténuation des effets du changement climatique dans le secteur forestier peuvent se classer en quatre grandes catégories : réduction des émissions dues au déboisement, réduction des émissions dues à la dégradation des forêts, amélioration des puits forestiers de carbone, et substitution des produits. La gestion durable des forêts est compatible avec l'adaptation au changement climatique et l'atténuation de ses effets et elle offre un cadre systématique qui peut être adapté à une situation qui évolue. Les efforts déployés pour développer la gestion durable des forêts ont permis de produire un vaste ensemble de connaissances, de données d'expérience, de directives sur une pratique optimale, d'instruments, de mécanismes et de partenariats divers qui peuvent s'appliquer à la réduction des problèmes du changement climatique et sont la base du présent document. La gestion durable des forêts est un cadre d'ensemble qui aide à garantir que les mesures d'adaptation au changement climatique et d'atténuation de ses effets entretiennent une relation de synergie, sont équilibrées avec d'autres objectifs de la gestion forestière et prennent en compte les valeurs économique, sociale et environnementale de la forêt. Le présent document offre des directives sur ce que les gestionnaires forestiers devraient prendre en considération dans l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité, du risque, des options en matière d'atténuation, ainsi que des mesures visant l'adaptation, l'atténuation et le suivi des effets du changement climatique. Les mesures d'adaptation au changement climatique sont présentées pour remédier aux effets de celui-ci sur la productivité des forêts, la biodiversité, l'eau et sa qualité, les incendies, les parasites et les maladies des arbres, les événements météorologiques extrêmes, la montée du niveau de la mer, et diverses considerations économiques, sociales et institutionnelles. Un ensemble de mesures d'atténuation des effets du changement climatique est présenté, ainsi que des directives sur des moyens supplémentaires de suivi et d'évaluation qui pourraient être appliqués aux forêts face au changement climatique.

LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE L'AQUACULTURE : 5. L'UTILISATION DES POISSONS SAUVAGES COMME ALIMENT EN AQUACULTURE / Rome : FAO, c2013. – XII, 89p. , tab. ; 21 cm. (( Directives techniques pour une pêche responsable de la FAO, No. 5, Suppl. 5.

Ces directives techniques sur l'utilisation des poissons sauvages comme aliments aquacoles ont été développées en appui à l'Article 7 (Aménagement des pêcheries) et à l'Article 9 (Développement de l'aquaculture) du Code de conduite pour une pêche responsable de la FAO, et en particulier en appui des Articles 9.1.3, 9.1.4 et 9.4.3. Les objectifs des directives sont de contribuer au développement de l'aquaculture et l'utilisation durable des stocks des poissons fourrages. Les directives couvrent un certain nombre d'enjeux pertinents sur l'utilisation des poissons sauvages dans les aliments aquacoles, y compris les impacts sur les écosystèmes et l'environnement, les considérations éthiques sur l'utilisation responsable du poisson pour l'aliment, le développement et les technologies de l'aquaculture et les besoins des statistiques et d'informations pour la gestion du développement de l'aquaculture. Des questions spécifiques liées à la gestion des resources de pêche qui peuvent être utilisées comme aliments sont brièvement considérées dans ces directives, comme elles ont été traitées en détail dans des directives séparées de la FAO concernant la gestion des pêches et qui, entre autre, s'appliquent également à la pêche des poissons fourrages. Les principes directeurs de ces directives techniques ont été développés et adoptés lors de l'Atelier des Experts de la FAO sur l'utilisation des poissons sauvages et/ou d'autres espèces aquatiques comme aliments dans l'aquaculture et ses implications sur la sécurité alimentaire et la lute contre la pauvreté, du 16 au18 novembre 2007, à Kochi, en Inde.

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State of the art on the initiatives and activities relevant to risk assessment and risk management of nanotechnologies in the food and agriculture sectors / Rome : FAO and WHO, c2013. – VIII, 46p. ; 25 cm. (( FAO/WHO technical paper.

The expert meeting agreed that nanotechnology offers considerable opportunities for the development of innovative products and applications for agriculture, water treatment and food production, processing, preservation and packaging, and its use may benefit farmers, the food industry and consumers alike. It was noted that nanotechnology-derived food products will be increasingly available to consumers worldwide.

It was recognized that there was a need for clear and internationally recognized definitions and that gaps in definitions in the food area could be addressed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Assessment of human health risks Materials that are produced intentionally with structural features at a nanoscale range (between 1 and 100 nm) may have properties that are different from those of their conventional counterparts. Such differences may have an impact on human health following consumer exposure to nanomaterials. Current risk assessment approaches used by FAO, WHO and the Codex Alimentarius Commission were considered to be suitable for engineered nanomaterials used in food and agriculture. Additional safety concerns may arise owing to the characteristic properties of nanomaterials that make them different from their microscale/macroscale counterparts. For example, the very high surface area of engineered nanomaterials has consequences that need to be considered in their risk assessment. Nanoparticles may interact with other substances present in the food matrix, and such effects and interactions of engineered nanomaterials need to be characterized. Understanding their fate in the environment is also important, as it may result in indirect human exposure. The experts agreed that risk assessment strategies might benefit from the use of a tiered approach for prioritization of the types or classes of material for which additional data are likely to be necessary to reduce uncertainties in the risk assessment. Further research could lead to novel risk assessment strategies; the development of validated testing methods and guidance would help to address specific data gaps.

Rapport de la Consultation techniques sur la conduit de l'État du Pavillon : Rome, 2-6 mai 2011, 5-9 mars 2012 et 4-8 février 2013 / Rome : FAO, c2013. – V, 46p. ; 30 cm. (( Rapport sur les pêches et l'aquaculture n° 1046.

Ce document présente le rapport de la Consultation technique sur la conduite de l'État du pavillon. La Consultation s'est tenue au Siège de la FAO, à Rome, en trois sessions (2-6 mai 2011, 5-9 mars 2012 et 4-8 février 2013). Elle a été convoquée par le Directeur général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, conformément à la recommandation formulée par le Comité des pêches de la FAO à sa vingt-huitième session. La Consultation technique a mis au point les Directives volontaires pour la conduite de l'État du pavillon. Elle a été financée par les gouvernements du Canada, des États-Unis d'Amérique, de la Norvège et de la Nouvelle Zélande, ainsi que par la Commission européenne.

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Report of the FAO Workshop on Bycatch Management and Low-impact fishing : Kuwait City, the State of Kuwait 9-12 December 2012 / Rome : FAO, c2013. – V, 113p. , tab. ; 30 cm. (( FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1041.

The Workshop on Bycatch Management and Low-impact Fishing held in Kuwait City, the State of Kuwait, on 9–12 December 2012 was convened to develop the concept of a Regional Action Plan on how bycatch can be more effectively managed and to reduce impacts of fishing on the environment. The meeting reviewed the current knowledge on bycatch in the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) / Gulf Cooperation Council region and considered priority follow-up action. The workshop adopted a draft concept document in the form of a Regional Action Plan for managing the environmental impacts of fishing in the RECOFI region. Workshop participants agreed that the primary objective a regional action plan was to ensure the longterm livelihoods of those involved in the fisheries sector through the adoption of responsible fishing practices and that elements of the plan should interalia: (i) prioritize responsible fishing through embedding the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) in relevant national policies, (ii) minimize the impact of trawling on the sensitive habitats and reduce the impact on vulnerable species, both target and non-target, (iii) provide a rational approach to fleets for reducing bycatch, discards and gear loss, (iv) adopt a comprehensive approach that recognizes the differing environmental, economic and social conditions of the various fisheries within the region, (v) raise awareness, train and incentivize stakeholders about sustainable fishing Workshop participants also agreed that the stages of the regional action plan should include as a priority: a regional analysis and diagnosis followed by action implementation.

The State of Food Insecurity in the World : The multiple dimensions of food security / Rome : FAO, IFAD and WFP, c2013. – 52p. , tab., graf. ; 30 cm. (( Includes Notes and Glossary.

The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013 presents updated estimates of undernourishment and progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and World Food Summit (WFS) hunger targets. The latest assessment shows that further progress has been made towards the 2015 MDG target, which remains within reach for the developing regions as a whole, although marked differences across regions persist and considerable and immediate additional efforts will be needed. The 2013 report goes beyond measuring food deprivation. It presents a broader suite of indicators that aim to capture the multidimensional nature of food insecurity, its determinants and outcomes. This suite, compiled for every country, allows a more nuanced picture of their food security status, guiding policy-makers in the design and implementation of targeted and effective policy measures that can contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition.

Drawing on the suite of indicators, the report also examines the diverse experiences of six countries in more detail, finding a mixed picture of progress and setbacks. Together, these country experiences show the importance of social protection and nutrition-enhancing interventions, policies to increase agricultural productivity and rural development, diverse sources of income and long-term commitment to mainstreaming food security and nutrition in public policies and programmes.

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N° 5 - 2013 - settembre/ottobre

In recent years, National Forest Funds (NFFs) have regained international attention as potential solutions to improve financial governance and the administration of funds in the forestry sector.

NFFs are financing mechanisms solely dedicated to improving the conservation and sustainable use of forest resources. They are usually established in order to pursue forest related activities independent from traditional budgetary allocation restrictions and are typically endowed with funds from national budgets, ODA and dedicated multi- or bilateral funding streams. If wellmanaged and administered, NFFs can be effective in meeting a number of challenges in the forest sector including: advancing long-term investment needs; supporting the decentralisation and devolution of forest management; leveraging additional sources of funding; encouraging private sector investments; promoting the production of forest ecosystem services; adapting forestry spending to the seasonality of operations (e.g. planting season); stimulating more effective forest management; and creating increased transparency and accountability.

NFFs can vary significantly both in their stated purpose and the way in which they operate. Indeed, an NFF can function either as a transfer fund or catalytic fund, or perform both functions simultaneously. While a transfer fund can be defined as a distribution platform for funding streams from donors to beneficiaries (mainly from public sources), a catalytic fund provides finance/support to overcome socio-economic obstacles/crises and to prepare future commercial development more and more independently from public sources. Since the first development wave of NFFs began in the early 2000s, forest funds have often been criticised for their top-down approaches and lack of direct support to forest-dependent communities, indigenous people or small forest owners. Another problem identified, has been a lack of coordination between different financing streams resulting in missed opportunities to create synergies. It is vital that the next wave of NFFs establishes mechanisms of benefit sharing which integrate civil society, forest communities and indigenous people in decision-making processes and that share forest management authority and (partial) control over funds with forest-dependent people. Designing an effective NFF requires due consideration of a number of key elements, which govern their use and administration, including: (i) Fund income sources/capitalisation; (ii) Fund organisation (governance structures and fiduciary management); (iii) Fund implementation (accessing and using funds); and (iv) Fund oversight (monitoring, reporting and verification of fund uses and performance). This working paper makes a detailed comparison between two long running NFFs - Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal (FONAFIFO) in Costa Rica and the Indonesian Reforestation Fund (IRF) – and illustrates some of the key success factors that determine effective and efficient forest funds. This working paper concludes that there are two major challenges in the design of NFFs: effectiveness and efficiency. 'Efficiency' relates to a NFF's capability to provide administrative structures and control mecanisms that allow for transparent and smooth processes when sourcing funds and finally channelling them to beneficiaries. “Effectiveness”, on the other hand, refers to a NFF`s ability to achieve its defined objectives.

Approaches to linking producers to markets : A review of experiences to date / edited by Andrew W. Shepherd. – Rome : FAO, c2007. – X, 67p. , tab. ; 30 cm. (( Agricultural Management, Marketing and Finance Service ; 13.

This Occasional Paper examines experiences of linking farmers to markets, in order to reach some tentative conclusions regarding success factors. It mainly considers examples of linkages promoted by outside organizations such as NGOs. Issues discussed include the choice of markets, the capacity of the linking organizations, and the relationship between the private sector, NGOs and farmers. Linking farmers to new markets invariably involves farmers organizing into formal or informal groups. Experiences with group organization are reviewed, as is the question of finance. Problems faced by farmers in maintaining linkages are examined and sustainability and scaling-up of linkage activities considered. A check-list of issues to address when planning market linkages is provided as an annex. The paper also considers the enabling environment that governments must provide if linking farmers to markets is to prove successful. The paper is aimed at staff of NGOs, both those working at the policy level and in the field; at donor organizations and the projects they support; and at ministry of agriculture policy-makers and extension services. It should also be useful for private sector companies seeking to develop linkages with small farmers.

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National Forest Funds (NFFs) : Towards a solid architecture and good financial governance / edited by Alexander ; Christian Held, Jochen Statz, Annika Keil. – Rome : FAO, c2013. VI, 30p. ; ill., tab. ; 30 cm. (( Foretry Financing Working Paper , 16 ; Giz, On behalf of BMZ, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, FAO.

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An Innovative Accounting Framework for the Food-Energy-Water Nexus : Application of the MuSIASEM approach to three case studies / Mario Giampietro … [et al.]. – Rome : FAO, c2013. – V, 81p. ; ill., tab. ; 30 cm. (( Environment and Natural Resources Working Paper ; 56.

Human wellbeing relies upon the availability and wise management of food, energy and water.

These are basic production factors 'flowing' within the economic system and their management is important to maintain the ecosystem which regulates the conditions for life. The interconnections between these resources, what is usually called the food, energy and water nexus, make clear that the management of each of them cannot be considered in isolation but should be seen as part of an integrated system. These interconnections which exist not only among natural resources but also among different levels or scales of assessment, between local and global processes of resources use, and between social and economic aspects of a society, highlights the complex issues involved in addressing these challenges in ways that also make effective use of the possible changes resulting from new policies or new interventions. This report presents the results of the application of an integrated analysis approach, the Multi-Scale Integrated Assessment of Society and Ecosystem Metabolism (hereafter MuSIASEM), to three case studies: (i) An analysis of the option to produce biofuel from sugarcane in the Republic of Mauritius; (ii) An exploration of the future of grain production in the Indian state of Punjab; (iii) An assessment of two alternative energy sources to produce electricity in the Republic of South Africa. MuSIASEM, originally developed for analyzing the metabolic pattern of energy of modern society, is now extended to consider the energy-food-water nexus thus characterizing simultaneously the metabolic pattern of energy, food and water in relation to socio-economic and ecological variables. This challenge had not yet been addressed as such. The work in this project was focused on three objectives: 1. Developing and consolidating an integrated accounting method by implementing the MuSIASEM rationale to characterize simultaneously energy, food, and water flows and their interrelations for a complex system (society) interacting with its environment; 2. Application of the accounting method to three case studies, including data collection and analysis, with the aim to show its potential to assess (a) the desirability, viability and feasibility of the actual metabolism of socioeconomic systems (diagnosis) and (b) the feasibility of development scenarios and policy options (simulation) so as to generate usefulness quantitative analysis (integrated set of indicators) for governance; 3. Generation and presentation of the results in a user-friendly format. This report provides a summary of the final results and is organized in three sections: chapter 1 provides a general description of the multi-scale integrated assessment of society and ecosystem metabolism applied to the nexus-assessment; chapter 2 illustrates the application of the developed approach to the three case studies; and chapter 3 summarizes lessons learned in terms of strength and weakness of the proposed tool.

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N° 5 - 2013 - settembre/ottobre

Moving forward in the Euro-Mediterranean research and innovation partnership : the experience of the MIRA project / edited by Chiara Morini... [et al.]. - Valenzano : CiheamIAMB, 2013. - 259 p. ; 24 cm.

Research and innovation offer significant opportunities for Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs) to develop and exploit their assets for the benefit of their economies and of their peoples, as drivers of economic and social development. In this spirit, this book presents the main outcomes of the MIRA project, a coordination and support action acting as a “think-tank” and an implementation actor of the Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation in Science and Innovation in the Mediterranean area. The book presents the efforts, analysis, reflections on the past and future of EU - MPC cooperation in research and technology development, as well as models and challenges of structuring this cooperation, and a compilation of the lessons learnt along the development of the project. It contains a reflection on policy aspects, analysis and concrete proposals to support the implementation of a future road map of scientific and innovation cooperation for the mutual benefits . The book reflects the internal and external dialogue of the MIRA project consortium on the targeted objective of supporting the EU-MPC dialogue on scientific and innovation cooperation.

Availability : E14-180

L' Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari : 1962-2012 / Vittorio Marzi. - Bari : Adda, 2013. - 161 p. : il. ; 29 cm.

In occasione del cinquantenario, l'opera vuole essere l'espressione della più sentita gratitudine verso coloro che furono i grandi protagonisti, ll'indomani dei disastrosi eventi del conflitto mondiale, della nascita del CIHEAM, strumento di pace e di progresso nel Mediterraneo e verso coloro che, quotidianamente, operano con grande impegno nell'Istituto.

Availability : B50-46 (8968)

Dieta mediterranea : modello di alimentazione sostenibile / Roberto Capone, Stefania Lapedota. - Valenzano : CIHEAM Bari, 2013. - 101 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. ((In custodia con: Mediterra : La dieta mediterranea per uno sviluppo regionale sostenibile La dieta mediterranea è una risorsa culturale per lo sviluppo sostenibile del Mediterraneo, una parte integrante del patrimonio sociale, storico, economico, artistico e paesaggistico dei popoli della Regione. Rappresenta uno stile di vita importante, sia come patrimonio comune a tutta l'area, sia quale espressione delle singole comunità che la compongono.

Questo modello di alimentazione, grazie alla varietà di prodotti ed alla possibilità di abbinare un'infinità di sapori che incontrano il gusto di milioni di consumatori, non è solo un modo di nutrirsi, ma l'espressione di un intero sistema culturale improntato alla salubrità, alla qualità degli alimenti ed alla specificità territoriale.

Un modo di nutrirsi apprezzato in gran parte del mondo e che va assolutamente salvaguardato.

Available : S01-5 (8970)

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Mediterra : La dieta mediterranea per uno sviluppo regionale sostenibile. - Valenzano : CIHEAM Bari, 2013. - 68 p. ; 21 cm (( In custodia con: Dieta mediterranea : modello di alimentazione sostenibile Questa pubblicazione è una sistesi, in italiano, del rapporto Mediterra 2012 : The Mediterranean Diet for sustainable regional development, edito dal CIHEAM, che raccoglie 22 contributi di 49 esperti internazionali articolati attorno ad otto grandi tematiche : origini e costruzione della dieta mediterranea, alimentazione e dinamiche socioculturali, ambiente e biodiversità , responsabilità sociale degli attori, produttori e distributori nel comparto alimentare, diritto e commercio, salute e sicurezza alimentare, politiche e interventi pubblici.

Le versioni complete ed originali de volume in lingua inglese, francese e spagnolo sono disponibili, ad accedsso libero sul sito del CIHEAM www.ciheam.org Available : S01-6 (8971)

New Medit Mediterranean journal of economics, agriculture and environment vol 12, n.3 (September 2013) Summary

Responsabile: A cura di:

Progetto grafico:

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Luigi Sisto e-mail: l.sisto@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606265 Giuseppe Inchingolo e-mail: inchingolog@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606269 Wanda Occhialini e-mail: occhialini@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606266 Fabio La Notte e-mail: lanotte@iamb.it Tel.080/4606358