News 03/2015

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The magazine of the month pag. 1 News pag. 1 - 6

Sommario

Reviews “Organic Agriculture” pag. 7 - 8 Reviews “FAO Repository Library: Forestry” pag. 8 - 9 Fisheries and aquaculture” pag. 9 - 12 Agriculture” pag. 12 - 14 Food and nutrition” pag. 15

www.iamb.it N° 3 - 2015 - maggio/giugno

The magazine of the month Full Journal Title: Organic Agriculture : Official journal of The International Society of Organic Agriculture Research Organic Agriculture : Journal of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research. - Vol. 1, n. 1 (mar. 2011)-. - Bonn : Springer, 2010-. - v. : ill. ; 28 cm. - Quarterly. ISSN 1879-4238 Editor-in-Chief: Gerold Rahmann ISSN: 1879-4238 (Print) 1879-4246 (Online) Availabile in the IAMB library: 2010Issues/Year: quarterly

Gender” pag. 16

Publisher: Springer

Animal production” pag. 16

Subject Categories: Organic agriculture Sustainability

Natural resources” pag. 17 Coldiretti Donor pag. 18 - 22 Reviews “Land and Water Management” pag. 23 - 27 Reviews “Integrated Pest Management” pag. 28 Reviews “Sustainable Agriculture” pag. 29

Responsabile: Luigi Sisto A cura di: Giuseppe Inchingolo Wanda Occhialini Progetto grafico ed impaginazione: Fabio La Notte

Language: Multi Language Description: The journal Organic Agriculture offers a mixture of original refereed research papers which bring you some of the most exciting developments in sustainable agriculture and food systems often with an inter- or transdisciplinary perspective. The journal also includes invited critical reviews on topical issues, and overviews of the status of organic agriculture in particular regions/countries. The journal covers the principles and practice of organic agriculture and food systems taking a broad view of the subject area and is also encouraging papers which provide a critique or challenge to current standards or practices.

According to the definition given by the IFOAM (March 2008), organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of

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life for all involved.

The journal Organic Agriculture takes IFOAM's definition of organic agriculture stated above as the focus of its Aims and Scope, and consequently will accept papers which report studies that are carried out within certified organic farming systems, where the system uses the methods of organic agriculture based on the IFOAM principles http://www.ifoam.org/about_ifoam/principles /index.html.

To address the challenges of developing sustainable food and farming systems, the journal seeks contributions which probe the technical and socio-economic constraints to productivity, market and system development, policy and governance. High quality research work in organic farming systems is often under-represented in the published literature and the journal particularly welcomes contributions which cannot be easily linked to a single disciplinary interest. Both the system

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under study and the approaches taken to its study will be considered by the Editors to determine the suitability of the paper for review. Authors should refer carefully to the full Aims and Scope of the Journal before submitting their papers.

Organic Agriculture is the official journal of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research.

ISOFAR was launched in 2003 and seeks to promote, encourage and support research in all areas of Organic Farming by facilitating global co-operation in research, methodological development, education and knowledge exchange.

Organic Agriculture is published quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Latest articles from Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2015

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(also available in pdf format: ask to inchingolog@iamb.it) Increasing the adaptive capacity of organic farming systems in the face of climate change using action research methods Adapting agricultural systems to the effects of climate change requires farm-specific innovations and adaptive measures. Such innovative measures were developed for organic farming systems in the federal state...

Ralf Bloch, Andrea Knierim, Anna-Maria Häring, Johann Bachinger in Organic Agriculture (2015) Effect of mulching on weed infestation and yield of beetroot(Beta vulgarisssp.rapaceae atrorubraKrass) Weed infestation in a field with beetroots can reduce the yield because the weeds compete with the cultivated plants for nutrition, water and light and depress their growth. The aim of this field experiment wa...

Milena Yordanova, Nina Gerasimova in Organic Agriculture (2015) Antimicrobial activity of organic honeys against food pathogenic bacteriumClostridium perfringens Against Clostridium perfringens, a common cause of food poisoning, antimicrobial activity and methyglyoxal (MGO) contents of six multifloral organic honeys were investigated, five from Finland and one from Argent...

Djamila Oinaala, Marjatta Lehesvaara, Ulrike Lyhs… in Organic Agriculture (2015) Assessment of diversity in a Hungarian apple gene bank using morphological markers The world's apple production is based on only a few dozen cultivars. In countries with an advanced food

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culture and growing environmental awareness, the demand for bio fruits and products is also increasing.

T...

Ildikó Király, Márta Ladányi, Orsolya Nagyistván, Magdolna Tóth in Organic Agriculture (2015) Potential traceable markers of organic matter in organic and conventional dairy manure using ultravioletvisible and solid-state13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Very limited information is available on the impacts of organic farming practices on the chemical composition and properties of dairy manure. In this study, we found the differences in the absorptivities of di...

Zhongqi He, Mingchu Zhang, Xiaoyan Cao, Yuan Li, Jingdong Mao… in Organic Agriculture (2015) Adapting Value for Cultivation and Use testing to stimulate the release of improved varieties for the organic sector. The case of spring wheat in The Netherlands Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU), the mandatory variety testing system for agricultural crops in the European Union (EU), has been used as a policy instrument by favouring the release of variety types that ...

A. M. Osman, H. Bonthuis, L. Van den Brink, P. C. Struik… in Organic Agriculture (2015) Evaluation ofStreptomycessp. obtained from herbal vermicompost for broad spectrum of plant growthpromoting activities in chickpea Five strains of Streptomyces sp. (CAI-24, CAI-121, CAI-127, KAI-32, and KAI-90; demonstrated previously to have potential for control of Fusarium wilt disease in chickpea and plant growth promotion [PGP] in rice)...

S. Gopalakrishnan, V. Srinivas, G. Alekhya, B. Prakash, H. Kudapa… in Organic Agriculture (2015) —Farmers taking responsibility for herd health developmentstable schools in research and advisory activities as a tool for dairy health and welfare planning in Europe Achieving and maintaining a high herd health and welfare status is an important aim in organic livestock farming. The varying farming systems across and within countries call for models that are relevant for d...

Silvia Ivemeyer, Nick J. Bell, Jan Brinkmann, Kornel Cimer… in Organic Agriculture (2015)

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N° 3 - 2015 - maggio/giugno

Carbon footprints of organic dairying in six European countriesreal farm data analysis

practices on biodiversity and soil quality of Mediterranean ancient olive orchards

Dairy farming is the largest agricultural contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. In this study, the carbon footprint of organic dairying was evaluated by means of a life cycle assessment, based on ...

Environmental quality can be positively or negatively affected by agricultural practices depending on cropping systems and farm conditions. The Mediterranean basin is one of the 34 biodiversity hot spots on Ea...

Sanna Hietala, Laurence Smith, Marie T. Knudsen, Sirpa Kurppa… in Organic Agriculture (2015)

G. Calabrese, E. V. Perrino, G. Ladisa, A. Aly… in Organic Agriculture (2015)

Organic agriculture in Italy: challenges and perspectives

Una biblioteca nel labirinto

For more than two decades, we have been witnessing a constant global increase of the organic sector. In the international sphere and within the EU, Italy is represented as a leader country. The strategic relev...

Una piantagione di bambù e una prestigiosa collezione d'arte e di libri. L'editore Franco Maria Ricci realizza il suo sogno nella campagna di Fontanellato, vicino Parma

Soil nitrogen and tea leaf properties in organic and conventional farming systems under humid subtropical conditions The effects of organic (OFS) and conventional (CFS) farming systems on soil nitrogen and tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaf physiological as well as biochemical properties under humid sub-tropical conditions were st...

Sangeeta Das, Prodeep Kumar Borua, Rajib Mohan Bhagat in Organic Agriculture (2015) Special issue: 2nd Congress of the Italian Network on Organic Agriculture Research (RIRAB); Rome, 1112 June 2014 Paolo Bàrberi in Organic Agriculture (2015) Food networks: collective action and local development. The role of organic farming as boundary object This article aims at analyzing the innovation potential of a local food network, which sees different actors that cooperate to build a local organic food productionprovision system and progressively develop a...

Elena Favilli, Adanella Rossi, Gianluca Brunori in Organic Agriculture (2015) Skills gaps in organic agriculture and SWOT analysis in higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Anglophone West Africa The difference between the skills required to carry out a task and the actual skills possessed by an individual is referred to as skills gap, and its analysis was carried out in seven randomly selected higher ...

I. O. O Aiyelaagbe, P. J. C Harris, V. I. O. Olowe in Organic Agriculture (2015) Short-term effects of different soil management

Se fosse stato più giovane avrebbe usato il bosso, la pianta tradizionale dei labirinti. Ma il bosso cresce molto lentamente, mentre il bambù è straordinariamente veloce. “E se i bambù sono cresciuti così rigogliosi è forse perché respirano bene, a poca distanza da un fiume il cui nome profuma di Cina: il Po”.

Si avvera il sogno dell'editore Franco Maria Ricci: tenere fede a una promessa fatta molti anni fa a un amico, lo scrittore argentino Jorge Luis Borges, l'uomo dall'incedere esitante, come di fronte a continui bivi. E trovare una sintesi a una moltitudine di desideri, e a uno specialmente: diventare lui stesso, prima o poi, un Luogo.

“Il Labirinto è nato da molti diversi spunti”, racconta a “l'Espresso” il fondatore di FMR, edizioni d'arte tra le più prestigiose e raffinate. “Prima ho immaginato un Giardino, poi un Museo, una Biblioteca, una Casa editrice, una Sala delle Feste e dei Balli, la Piazza di un Borgo con la sua Chiesa, un Labirinto Botanico. Se, quando nacque, il progetto aveva un carattere abbastanza personale - volevo lasciare una traccia di me sulle mie terre - col passare del tempo quell'idea primitiva si è in gran parte trasformata. Forse è colpa dell'età, ma ormai penso al Labirinto di Bambù

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Mauro Gamboni, Silvana Moscatelli in Organic Agriculture (2015)

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soprattutto come a un lascito a questo lembo di Pianura Padana. Quindi sì, si può dire che il Labirinto mi somigli, perché racchiude tutte le mie passioni e i segni della mia attività”.

Il Labirinto della Masone , nella campagna di Fontanellato, vicino a Parma, sarà aperto al pubblico a partire dal 28 maggio (qualche giorno prima per i residenti della zona). Incluso nel già fascinoso circuito dei Castelli del Ducato di Parma e Piacenza , sarà un percorso nel simbolo per eccellenza del fantastico, dell'illusionistico e dell'Oriente: con quelle canne di bambù di cui sono fatte alcune mitologiche principesse giapponesi, flessuose ed eleganti. O il giardino di rivoli sinuosi di Kublai Khan, come racconta Marco Polo.

Perché ci sono labirinti con minotauri. E giardini ricolmi di delizie. Eden in cui è bello perdersi e grovigli da incubo. Labirinti mentali dove tuffarsi, affondare e riemergere, come nei libri di Kafka, di cui l'autore dell'Aleph si riteneva un “discepolo minore”.

Quello di Ricci è un dedalo galante e seducente. Un parco culturale, disteso su sette ettari di terreno, da lui progettato con gli architetti Pier Carlo Bontempi e Davide Dutto, con una piantagione di bambù di specie diverse, inclusa una gigante, dal fusto verde e azzurro, e una forma che richiama la pianta a stella dei fortini; vista dall'alto, i labirinti romani delle ville imperiali.

Nel Labirinto confluirà anche, distribuita su cinquemila metri quadrati di spazi, l'intera collezione d'arte dell'editore; una biblioteca ricchissima con 15 mila volumi di storia dell'arte e tutti i libri da lui curati; centinaia di opere dal Cinquecento al Novecento e una collezione dedicata ai più illustri esempi di tipografia e di grafica, tra cui quelli di Giambattista Bodoni: che Ricci, maniacale cultore dei suoi lavori, ha sempre additato come il vero maestro.

“Bodoni viene spesso considerato il più grande tra i tipografi. In realtà, è da considerare un vero e proprio artista, che fu capace di pensare, sentire e operare scelte importanti nel dominio libero ed extratemporale dell'arte”, dice: “Con le sue forme nitide e semplici, con la misura, l'equilibrio, i canoni armonici e la perfezione, ha costituito un modello decisivo per me, sia nel campo dell'editoria che in quello della grafica. È stato l'inventore del graphic design e credo che vada riscoperto con l'occhio d'oggi, reso attento e smaliziato dalle recenti esperienze visuali. Una corrente, in particolare, del secolo passato, la Pop Art, ha in comune con il neoclassico Bodoni un'idea, il desiderio del segno di superare la sua funzione originaria, di liberarsi del normale contesto per vivere in una dimensione autonoma e fantastica che solo la cultura rende possibile. Con i miei libri, curati in cinquant'anni, ho cercato di trasmettere la stessa eleganza classica di questo maestro del passato”.

Se lo stile senza tempo dei caratteri di Bodoni dialogherà, d'ora in poi, con il fruscio rasserenante del bambù, l'apertura, contemporanea al via dell'Expo, sarà l'occasione per una mostra temporanea di grande

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attrattiva: l'esposizione “Arte e follia”, con quarantacinque capolavori di Antonio Ligabue e trenta opere di Pietro Ghizzardi (a cura di Vittorio Sgarbi, fino al 31 ottobre).

“Il Labirinto riflette la nostra perplessa esperienza del reale e invita a perdersi e a riflettere”, aggiunge Ricci: “Spero che nella meditazione indotta dal cammino, nei corridoi di bambù, ognuno possa ritrovarsi e averne beneficio: perdersi è una medicina per l'anima”. Specie se c'è un filo d'Arianna. E qui le coordinate per orientarsi sono arte, letteratura. E bellezza.

“Nella mia attività di editore, e di “costruttore di labirinti”, ho sempre seguito una direzione precisa. “Je ne veux que du magnifique, je ne travaille pas pour le vulgaire”: questo motto bodoniano è stato ciò che ha sempre guidato le mie scelte”, ribadisce l'editore. “In tutta la mia vita e in tutte le mie attività, da grafico, da editore, da collezionista, ho inseguito un solo obiettivo: il Bello”.

Lo scaffale infinito di Andrea Kerbaker « F o n d a r e biblioteche» diceva Marguerite Yo u r c e n a r « è ancora un po' come costruire granai p u b b l i c i : ammassare riserve contro l'inverno dello spirito». Da sempre, ogni biblioteca è un baluardo alla decadenza, un simbolo concreto con cui opporsi alla volgarità del presente. Lo scaffale infinito è un racconto che si snoda su un arco di oltre sei secoli, tra collezionisti, volumi e biblioteche di tutto il mondo. È un viaggio che annulla i confini di tempo e spazio: dall'umanesimo toscano al mondo globalizzato del terzo millennio, attraverso l'Europa rinascimentale e la Russia degli zar, gli Stati Uniti dell'esplosiva crescita economica di fine Ottocento e la sciagurata parentesi nazista Incontriamo figure immense della storia letteraria, come Francesco Petrarca, con la sua straordinaria collezione di manoscritti e l'amore smisurato per Virgilio; personaggi più oscuri ma non meno importanti, come Hernando Colón, figlio illegittimo di Cristoforo Colombo, e Monaldo Leopardi, padre non amato di Giacomo; potenti cardinali come Federigo Borromeo e Mazarino, industriali dalle ricchezze

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Titolo Lo scaffale infinito ISBN9788862207898 Autore Andrea Kerbaker CollanaSAGGI Casa Editrice PONTE ALLE GRAZIE

8 libri da leggere capaci di ispirare le vostre prossime vacanze estive, rendendole epiche In vista delle ferie estive siete a corto di idee originali o cercate itinerari emozionanti ed avventure al limite dell'estremo? Anche questa volta, la nostra passione per la lettura può venirci in aiuto.

Manca poco all'inizio dell'estate. Nonostante per molti le meritate ferie siano ancora lontane, certamente tutti stanno pensando già a progettare cosa fare in vista delle vacanze estive. Siete a corto di idee originali o cercate itinerari emozionanti ed avventure al limite dell'estremo? Anche questa volta, la nostra passione per la lettura può venirci in aiuto. Ecco 8 libri da leggere capaci di ispirare le vostre prossime vacanze estive segnalati, con ironia, da BuzzFeed.

politicamente scorretto.

Nelle terre estreme di Jon Krakauer - Un ricordo meticoloso e coinvolgente di uno sfortunato viaggio solitario di Christopher McCandless nel deserto dell'Alaska.

Itinerario: 1) Laurea al college 2) Donare risparmi di una vita in beneficenza 3) Abbandonare auto e di tutti i beni materiali 4) Bruciare i restanti contanti 5) Modificare il proprio nome 6) Trovare lavoro sulla strada 7) Arrivare in Alaska Mentre morivo di William Faulkner – O anche "Come non organizzare un gita di famiglia".

Cosa mettere in valigia: kit per l'imbalsamazione, per favore. E alcuni nuovi muli. Anche un estintore.

Orme di Robyn Davidson - Come “Wild” ma con quattro cammelli e un cane!

Attenzione a: quel fastidioso fotografo del National Geographic che continua a seguirvi. Anche lungo tutta l'Australia.

Lolita di Vladimir Nabokov - Va bene, ovviamente ci sono un sacco di cose non da emulare qui... ma è un'opera tutta sul viaggio, giusto?

Città di carta di John Green - Il maestro del romanzo di formazione si conferma una garanzia.

Itinerario: 1) Andare all'avventura 2) Toccare tutte le corde del cuore [Fonte: pagina Facebook Libreriamo]

Spopolano nel mondo le Biblio Cabine Telefoniche, la nuova frontiera del bookcrossing Ve le ricordate le cabine telefoniche? Una volta le si trovava in ogni angolo di strada. Oggi, invece, con l'avvento delle nuove tecnologie e dei mezzi di

Sulla Strada di Jack Jerouac - La quintessenza della controcultura americana.

Cosa mettere in valigia: qualche buon disco jazz, e un cucchiaio colmo di disillusione generazionale.

Wild di Cheryl Strayed – O anche "come ottenere tutte le sfighe della vita e non morire in più o meno 100 giorni – un'ultima disperata guida”.

Cosa portare con sé: Morte, depressione, dipendenza, scoperta di sé, unghie dei piedi martoriati, trionfo.

Paura e disgusto a Las Vegas di Hunter S. Thompson Come “Sulla Strada”, ecco un altro romanzo

comunicazione che ci possiamo portare ovunque, queste strutture oramai dal sapore vintage, sono andate via via scomparendo. Solo ultimamente, stanno

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favolose e attori squattrinati, come i primi stampatori di Shakespeare, inconsapevoli dell'eredità che avrebbero lasciato al mondo. A chiudere il cerchio, vero e proprio nume tutelare dell'amore per i libri, Umberto Eco, emblema di eclettismo ed esempio concreto dell'utopica «biblioteca universale» di cui favoleggiava Borges. L'autore ci prende per mano attraverso i suoi molteplici viaggi e incontri, racconta con leggerezza e ironia le altrui e le proprie esperienze fra gli scaffali polverosi di un rigattiere e gli edifici monumentali che ospitano i tesori di carta dell'umanità. È un libro che racconta di altri libri, ma da un'angolazione speciale: un'eredità che non smette mai di arricchirsi, una storia che «è molto, molto decisa a scrivere tanti altri capitoli».

N° 3 - 2015 - maggio/giugno

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tornando in auge soprattutto grazi ad alcuni appassionati lettori che hanno saputo trasformare le cabine telefoniche in luoghi perfetti per il bookcrossing. Navigando in internet, abbiamo trovato su Tumblr, alcune bellissime foto di biblio cabine che noi vogliamo condividere con voi.

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L'ESEMPIO ITALIANO - Le biblio cabine telefoniche sono arrivate anche in Italia, seppure più lentamente rispetto all'estero. Di questo grande fenomeno del bookcrossing ve ne avevamo già parlato tempo fa mostrandovi l'esempio di Roma che ha inaugurato la sua prima Biblioteca Telefonica al Parco di Torresina.

LITTLE FREE LIBRARY - Passeggiare per strada e poter fermarsi ovunque per scegliere o scambiare un libro, quindi, per gli appassionati lettori non è più soltanto un sogno ma un'opportunità che sta prendendo sempre più piede in molte città, anche italiane. Per esempio, a New York, i passanti possono immergersi in una capsula gialla, senza dimenticare ovviamente l'esmpio tutto italiano con le Librerie da Spiaggia.

[Fonte: pagina Facebook Libreriamo]

Le principali agenzie letterarie italiane si fondono, nasce ''The Italian Literary Agency'’ Dopo la trattativa per la fusione di Mondadori con Rizzoli, un'altra unione in ambito letterario rischia di far discutere. L'Agenzia Letteraria Internazionale

(Ali) di Chiara Boroli, la Luigi Bernabò & Associates e la Marco Vigevani & Associati si sono unite per dare vita a The Italian Literary Agency. Chiara Boroli assumerà la carica di presidente della nuova Agenzia, Marco Vigevani sarà amministratore delegato e Claire Sabatié-Garat direttore operativo.

PUNTO DI RIFERIMENTO PER AUTORI - "The Italian Literary Agency, in un periodo di tumultuose trasformazioni del mercato e dei modi di lettura, vuole offrire un sicuro punto di riferimento, un sostegno e una forte promozione per gli autori italiani e stranieri, oggi più che mai in cerca di una valorizzazione del loro

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prezioso lavoro", si legge nella nota che annuncia la fusione. "Forte dell'esperienza pluridecennale di Marco Vigevani, di Claire Sabatié-Garat e di tutti i loro collaboratori, The Italian Literary Agency si propone prosegue il testo- di accompagnare l'autore, sia già affermato sia esordiente, in tutte le fasi della creazione e della commercializzazione della sua opera, in Italia e sul mercato internazionale, valorizzando nel contempo i molteplici sviluppi che essa può avere nel campo audiovisivo, digitale e delle manifestazioni culturali".

LA PIU' ANTICA AGENZIA LETTERARIA ITALIANA - L'Agenzia Letteraria Internazionale era la più antica Agenzia letteraria d'Italia, diventata famosa in tutto il mondo grazie al genio di Erich Linder che ne prese le redini nel 1946 dando il via a rapporti di rappresentanza ancor oggi esistenti con i grandi autori dell'epoca. "Gli autori sono da sempre al centro dell'attività e della cura di ciascuna delle tre Agenzie e The Italian Literary Agency intende continuare con sempre maggior forza innovativa nel solco di questa tradizione", ha affermato Chiara Boroli.

LA STORIA DELLE ALTRE AGENZIE - Luigi Bernabò & Associates, fondata nel 1989 da Daniela e Luigi Bernabò, si era distinta nella scoperta e nella promozione di alcuni tra i più importanti talenti italiani e stranieri, diventando una delle più importanti agenzie italiane ed europee. "Sono felice dell'esito di questa operazione. In un panorama editoriale in trasformazione, The Italian Literary Agency sarà una nuova, forte realtà che darà continuità e futuro a quanto costruito dai miei genitori, Daniela e Luigi, in quasi 30 anni", ha commentato Ginevra Bernabò. Marco Vigevani & Associati, fondata da Marco Vigevani nel 2001 si era affermata in breve tempo come una delle più dinamiche Agenzie letterarie sia per la narrativa di qualità sia per la saggistica, oltre che per la rappresentanza di prestigiose Case Editrici e Agenzie internazionali.

Il libro è l'estensione della memoria e dell'immaginazione.

J. L. Borges

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N° 3 - 2015 - maggio/giugno

Making Europe more organic : 10 years of advocacy for sustainable food and farming / editing and drafting by Marco Schlüter, Francis Blake, Laura Ullmann. - Brussels : IFOAM EU, 2014. - 35 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.

Anniversaries provide an opportunity to reflect on achievements and look forward towards new horizons. They mark a point in time in the present, between the past and the future. Before we look to the future, let us consider our past. Our origins stretch way back, our success has encompassed the work and commitment of countless people. This anniversary publication gives a voice to our people; each contribution gives a personal perspective on how IFOAM EU has played a part in developing and delivering a common vision for organic, influencing public and business policy as well as personal practice. They speak of how our ethos is expressed in our daily lives, how the ethics of our standards and codes of conduct brings food from our farmers and growers to our tables. Our earliest pioneers could see the winds of change shaping a twisted food and farming system. The jungle of corporate control and environmental devastation had already taken hold three decades ago. It was tearing up communities and ecosystems, exhausting people and planet, spoiling food culture and farming tradition. Organic is a movement for change for food from the heart of the land, from nature, feeding our bodies and souls, shared by all. Our legacy is to shape a friendly and compassionate food and farming system, where human fulfilment is derived from the natural capacity of the planet and the culture of our food and farming communities. We strive to understand the natural cycle of life, of the need for localised, seasonal, recycling food systems sustained by renewable ecosystem resources, human in scale, rich in cultural tradition and diversity. Since the beginnings of our movement there have been many successes and thankfully organic has grown. However, as a consequence of organic becoming mainstream, we are facing new challenges both regarding principles and market development. IFOAM EU, part of the global IFOAM family reaching around the world, is preparing for the next two decades. We are working from secure foundations, setting priorities for development towards a shared organic vision for Europe in 2030. Our task is to create a framework that will enable us to reach the goals of organic farmers and businesses through defending and building on organic principles. We want to show that good organic farmers and producers, working with the complexity of a whole organic system, can deliver accessible good food to communities' tables for the benefit of people and planet.

IFOAM EU newsletter : No. 80 March 2015 Table of contents Welcome note: setting the agenda ; political hotspot: organic regulation ; news from IFOAM EU working fields ; making Europe more organic: support IFOAM EU ; events: calendar of events. http://www.ifoameu.org/sites/default/files/ifoameu_comm_newsletter_march_2015_20150320.pdf

Data network for better European organic market information : synthesis report / Raffaele Zanoli … [et al.]. - Ancona : Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. - 20 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. - Sulla cop.: OrganicDataNetwork.

This is a synthesis report that provides an overview of the results of the OrganicDataNetwork project. Accompanying this, there is the companion report that contains the recommendations from the project on how to improve organic market data collection and dissemination. This report is targeted to EC DGs, EUROSTAT national statistical institutes, organic market data providers! collectors, and other stakeholders who are interested in producing and using organic market statistics. This is not an original scientific report. In the interest of readability, we have freeLy made use of sentences, paragraphs and text extracted from the published reports of the OrganicDataNetwork, without further indication or acknowledgement except in the references.

This document is part of deliverable D71, which is publicly accessible on the project website.

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Organic Agriculture

Organic Agriculture

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Data network for better European organic market information : recommendations / edited

by Raffaele Zanoli. -Ancona : Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. - 20 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.

- Sulla cop.: OrganicDataNetwork.

Organic Agriculture

This report is based on the project results, reports and deliverables of the OrganicDataNetwork project and it is part of deliverable D7.1, which is publicly accessibile on the project website.

Valuable input has been provided by all project participants and by many stakeholders from the organic market data collection sector during the course of the project.

Tutto bio 2015 : l'annuario del biologico / a cura di Achille Mingozzi, Rosa Maria Bertino. 21a ed. - Forlì : Egaf Edizioni, 2015. - 352 p. : ill., 66 schede illustrate ; 24 cm. - Tema dell'anno: Io? Riparto dal bio.

Il Rapporto rielabora i dati raccolti in vent'anni di censimenti, traccia l'andamento degli ultimi dieci anni, analizza i dati 2014 indicando i dati caratteristici di ogni tipologia di operatore, le tre regioni leader per numero assoluto e le prime tre con il maggior numero di operatori per ogni milione di abitanti. Al centro del Rapporto Bio Bank 2015 le consuete otto tipologie di operatori: aziende con vendita diretta, gruppi d'acquisto, e-commerce, ristoranti, agriturismi, mense scolastiche, mercatini e negozi. Particolare attenzione alle venti storie di giovani per raccontare il tema dell'anno: Io? Riparto dal bio. Quattordici storie di persone che hanno deciso di cambiare la loro vita ed hanno scelto il biologico per la loro nuova attività, attratte dal richiamo della natura, spinte da ciò che le ha appassionate per anni, decise a non arrendersi davanti alle difficoltà. Una scelta di vita ed insieme un cambio di prospettiva.

Forestry Contribution of the Forestry Sector to National Economies, 1990-2011 / Yanshu Li, Lebedys Arvydas. - Rome : FAO, 2014. - vii, 166 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - (Forest Finance: Working Paper) This paper is the second update of FAO's original report on this topic. It presents information about the contribution of the forestry sector to national economies at the global, regional and country levels. The study presents the status and trends of the forestry sector's contribution (total employment, value-added and export earnings) in the sector and analyses the driving forces behind these trends. It updates the data and analysis to the year 2011. The study gives a reasonable estimation of the general trends in the sector at the regional and global level. However, at the level of individual countries, the use of imputed values for some figures (i.e. FAO estimates rather than published statistics) should be noted and these estimates should be treated with caution.

Analysis of the Forest Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina : EU funded project “Preparation of IPARD Forest and Fisheries Sector Reviews in Bosnia and Herzegovina” GCP/BIH/007/EC. Rome : FAO, 2015. - iii, 146 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.

This is one of the seven sector analyses (Meat and Dairy; Fruit and vegetables; Cereals; Wine; Diversification, Fishery and Aquaculture, and Forestry) that have been prepared since spring 2011 for the agricultural authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina at state, entity and Brčko District level. The sector analyses are inputs to the design of measures to be financed under the European Union (EU) Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance for Rural Development (IPARD), once available, as well as for the design of the country's policies interventions in general.

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Human well-being and the health of our whole planet depend on whether and how we grow and look after forests. So who gets to decide about who owns and controls the forests and how – the 'governance of forest tenure' - is profoundly relevant for us all. This technical guide on Improving governance of forest tenure is for those who want to try to improve the governance of forest tenure. It helps you to take action in four critical areas - 'understanding', 'organizing', 'engaging' and 'ensuring' - to improve decision-making about forest goods and services. It starts by highlighting some key opportunities and challenges in governance today and directs you to further information, appropriate to how you identify yourself as a stakeholder and what type of opportunity or challenge you are facing. It then lays out a toolkit containing some 86 tools described in summary form and 9 key tools, in some depth. These tools are labelled for their appropriateness in different governance contexts and for the amount of time, money and skills needed to use them. A glossary and extensive Web-linked bibliography are also provided for further inspiration.

Fisheries and Aquaculture Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - ix, 18 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-92-5-108704-6 These Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication have been developed as a complement to the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (the Code). They were developed to provide complementary guidance with respect to small-scale fisheries in support of the overall principles and provisions of the Code. Accordingly, the Guidelines are intended to support the visibility, recognition and enhancement of the already important role of small-scale fisheries and to contribute to global and national efforts towards the eradication of hunger and poverty. The Guidelines support responsible fisheries and sustainable social and economic development for the benefit of current and future generations, with an emphasis on small-scale fishers and fish workers and related activities and including vulnerable and marginalized people, promoting a human rights-based approach.

Case study of the technical, socio-economic and environmental conditions of small-scale fisheries in the estuary of Patos Lagoon, Brazil : a methodology for assessment / Daniela C. Kalikoski, Marcelo Vasconcellos. - Rome : FAO, 2012. - xii, 190 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ; 1075. - ISBN 978-92-5-107142-7 This document presents an assessment of small-scale fisheries of the Patos Lagoon estuary, Brazil, using a custom-designed fisheries census methodology. Complementary information was sourced from a literature review, secondary data and in-depth semi-structured interviews. The assessment provides a complete picture of the technical, environmental and socio-economic conditions of these fisheries, including information on the number of fishery-dependent people, fishing effort, technologies and practices, trends in production and resource abundance, income and market, livelihood strategies, community-based organizations, formal institutions established by co-management, and the access to public policies. Results obtained in this study contribute to an improved understanding of the current status and vulnerabilities of local smallscale fisheries. Based on these results, the document discusses and recommends strategies to enhance livelihood security and sustainable use of resources. Lessons learned using the study methodology is presented foreseeing its application and adaptation to assess small-scale lagoon fisheries in other locations.

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Improving governante of forest tenure : a practical guide / J. Mayers ‌ [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, 2013. - x, 130 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - Governance of tenure tecnical guide ; 2. - ISBN 978-92-5107586-9

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Gap analysis of national and regional fisheries and aquaculture priorities and initiatives in Southern and Eastern Africa in respect to climate change and disasters / Sandy Davies ‌ [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, 2014. - viii, 100 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ; 1095. - ISBN 978-92-5-108314-7 Fisheries and fishing dependent people are particularly vulnerable to disasters and climate change impacts. The objective of the study was to identify regional and national gaps and opportunities to reduce the vulnerability of the sector to impacts from climate change and increase the resilience of fisheries and aquaculture livelihoods to disasters. The identification of gaps and opportunities were made through a combination of a survey, website searches and reviews of documents - including policies, strategies or agreements - that contain fisheries/aquaculture and climate change adaptation (CCA)/disaster risk management (DRM) aspects. Identified national and regional priorities were compared to actions in place and thus gaps were identified. A total of 24 countries, 16 of which are least developed countries (LDCs), were considered for Southern and Eastern Africa. A regional workshop on climate change, disasters and crises in the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Southern and Eastern Africa was held in Maputo, Mozambique on 22–24 April 2013 to provide input into the gap analysis process and provide recommendations for addressing climate change adaptation and disaster risk management in fisheries and aquaculture. Overall, 39 gaps or recommendations were identified. These are presented in Chapter 4, with reference to their source and in respect to the four areas of adaptation and disaster risk management action, namely: strengthened governance to address disasters and climate change impacts affecting fisheries and aquaculture; addressing and reducing underlying risks through prevention and adaptation measures; managing effective response and improving preparedness for disasters and climate change; improved early warning systems and availability of information. These gaps and recommendations provide specific and general suggestions for those considerino supporting the development of actions in the area of fisheries/aquaculture and CCA/DRM in Southern and Eastern Africa. The findings will also be used to inform advice for the on going CAMFA process and will provide valuable insights for the formulation of the Policy Framework and Reform Strategy for Fisheries and Aquaculture in Africa.

Aquaculture : junior farmer field and life school, facilitator's guide. - Rome : FAO, 2015.

- iv, 41 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ; 1095. - ISBN 978-92-5108143-3 Sustainable capture fisheries and aquaculture play a critical role in food and nutrition security and in providing for the livelihoods of millions of people. Aquaculture accounts for a growing share of the global aquatic food production. The term aquaculture covers all forms of farming of aquatic animals and plants in freshwater, brackish water and saltwater. Aquaculture has the same objective as agriculture - the controlled production of food to improve the supply for our consumption. In the case of aquaculture, the products are aquatic animals and plants that grow in the water. Even in small quantities, fish can have a positive effect on the overall health and nutrition of humans. Fish is an important source of nutrients such as vitamins A, B and D, calcium, iron and iodine. Fish also provides vital amino acids that are often lacking in staple foods such as rice or cassava. It is therefore vital to the food security of many of the world's poor, especially in coastal areas and in small island developing States. Through aquaculture, we can produce protein and nutrient-rich food throughout the year. Low-income farmers who invest in fish farming will be able to generate additional income and food for their family and potentially for the market. To be successful, an aquaculture operation requie much careful planning. The available natural resources, such as water and land, but also the local temperature and other factors influence the choice of the species to be farmed and the production system to be used. Climate does not limit the scale of aquaculture but it can determine the species that can be grown. Aquaculture can be done in a pond, a river, a lake, an estuary or in the sea. The availability of high-quality water is usually the most crucial resource when making decisions about where, what and how much fish to farm. The most common small-scale aquaculture systems are small-pond fish farming and fish farming in lakes, rivers, dams and reservoirs. Climate change may have various negative impacts on aquaculture, including sea-level and temperature rise, rainfall fluctuations, and natural hazards such as floods and drought (FAO, 2009). Sea level rise, for example, may threaten inland freshwater aquaculture by causing saltwater and brackish water to move further upstream and into rivers. Existing waterbodies may also shrink or their water levels may decrease owing to erosion, drought and increasing temperatures. Increasing temperatures may also lead to lower levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, which would increase mortality of fish. Through various exercises, such as small group discussions, hands-on tasks and demonstrations, Junior Farmer Field and Life School (JFFLS) participants will learn about the various types of aquaculture that can be used to provide new business opportunities for farmers and fishers. They will also learn about the importance of preliminary planning and management of daily activities and procedures to ensure a successful aquaculture business.

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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank organized the Fishing for Development joint meeting, which was held in April 2014 at OECD headquarters in Paris. The meeting was convened to initiate a dialogue between the fisheries and the development policy communities from OECD and FAO Members and partner countries on key issues of shared interest. It addressed four topics high on the international fisheries and aquaculture policy agenda: the challenges of rebuilding fish stocks while securing the integrity of ecosystems and the livelihoods that depend on them; the potential for green growth in aquaculture; combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing; and the role of regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) in the management of high seas fish stocks and in developing cooperation between States that share fish stocks in several exclusive economic zones (EEZs). The meeting reached a number of conclusions and flagged questions for a future work agenda on policy coherence in fisheries and aquaculture. In particular, it highlighted the need to investigate and publicize the role of fisheries and aquaculture for economic development and food and nutritional security, and the opportunity cost of political inaction. It noted the lack of appropriate data, which results in the lack of tangible evidence on the sector's contribution to economic development and poverty reduction, and how this also prevents improvements in efficiency. The meeting also agreed on the need to investigate low-cost management options and techniques tested in developing countries, such as co-management of fisheries and participatory surveillance systems. It recommended that further investigation of such options should focus on identifying the necessary preconditions for a successful out come and how to apply them on a larger scale and in different socio-economic contexts. Another conclusion was that there is a need to improve the resilience of coastal populations. The fisheries sector is often a last resort or buffer for marginalized populations, and there is an urgent need to develop alternative livelihood means (e.g. in ecotourism, aquaculture or fish processing) and social safety nets. The meeting also highlighted the need to leverage development cooperation in fisheries and aquaculture and that a major element for efficient cooperation is the sustainability of project impacts. In addition, the meeting stressed the importance of ensuring that domestic fisheries policies of OECD member countries are coherent with long-term global development objectives and do not harm development prospects in developing countries. The meeting noted that developing countries do not always have the resources to monitor their EEZs effectively and suggested that OECD countries should manage and regulate their fleet's activities outside their own EEZs more effectively.

Post-harvest issues in fisheries and aquaculture : junior farmer field and life school : facilitator's guide. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - vi, 41 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-92-5-108158-7 In addition to being a valuable source of protein and nutrients for many people in the world, fish also provides an income for those involved in bringing the fish to the consumer. Many people are involved in the fisheries system and many business opportunities exist. However, care must be taken to use good and sustainable business practices especially when dealing with a highly perishable product. The harvesting of fish (wild or farmed) starts a whole chain of activities. The supply chain for fish starts in the fishing ground, at sea or in inland waters, or at the aquaculture site, and it ends with the consumer, who can be in the same country or in another country. The supply chain links a network of harvesters, retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities and suppliers that all work together to produce, deliver and sell a product to the consumer. A fisheries value chain describes how value is added to the fish as it is moves through the system to the consumer. This can be done, for example, by processing the fish into dried, smoked or any other type of processed product. Fish supply and value chains are affected by many factors: product demand, available processing materials, regulations, access to markets and competition. Climate change and natural disasters can also affect the supply and value chain of fish. It is therefore important to understand the different linkages and to consider how fishers and producers can react and adapt to fluctuations in fish supply and changing marketing environments. At the end of this module participants will: be aware of different types of fish products; better understand quality and safety issues; develop a business approach to post-harvest activities; appreciate the role of organizations; understand the value chain. The purpose of the module is to provide guidance, making available different exercises that facilitators can use as applicable, and adapt as necessary, to the specific socio-economic and cultural contexts and needs of each target group and country in which the module will be used. This Junior Farmer Field and Life School (JFFLS) module is complementary to other JFFLS modules, in particolar with Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries, and can be combined with them to enhance economic opportunities.

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Fishing for development. - Rome : FAO ; OECD, 2015. - ix, 59 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings ; 36. - ISBN 978-92-6-4232761

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Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in the CARICOM and wider Caribbean region Formulating a strategy, action plan and programme for fisheries and aquaculture : Regional Workshop Report held in Kingston, Jamaica, 10-12 December 2012 / Patrick McConney … [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - vii, 123 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture proceedings ; 35). - ISBN 978-92-5-108710-7 The regional workshop on the Formulation of a Strategy, Action Plan and Programme Proposal on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation in Fisheries and Aquaculture in the CARICOM and Wider Caribbean Region was held in Kingston, Jamaica, from 10 to 12 December 2012. The workshop brought together 65 local, national and regional stakeholders involved in fisheries, aquaculture, disaster risk management (DRM) and climate change adaptation (CCA). These proceedings include the report of the regional workshop. Overview presentations on fisheries and aquaculture covered: building resilience and reducing vulnerabilities; the regional trend towards CCA; a regional framework for disaster management; and regional initiatives in advancing DRM and CCA in fisheries and aquaculture. Discussions largely focused on reviewing and refining three documents prepared for the workshop: an assessment study on the impact of climate change and disasters on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in the CARICOM region; a strategy and action plan for integrating DRM and CCA into fisheries and aquaculture (as well as the reverse); and a results-based programme proposal. The workshop recommended that the strategy, action plan and programme proposal be finalized and implemented to strengthen regional and national cooperation and develop capacity in addressing climate change impacts and disasters in fisheries and aquaculture.

Agriculture Making economic corridors work for the agricultural sector / edited by Eva Gálvez Nogales.

- Rome : FAO, 2015. - xv, 204 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - Agribusiness and Food Industries Series ; 4. ISBN 978-92-5-108636-0 Developing countries are increasingly using agrocorridors to develop their agricultural sectors.

These corridors promote inclusive agribusiness growth, building on a linear agglomeration of people and activities along existing transportation infrastructure. Based on initiatives in Central Asia, the Greater Mekong Subregion, Indonesia, Mozambique, Peru and the United Republic of Tanzania, this report shows how agrocorridors help improve physical connectivity and functioning of markets, while generating economies of scale in agriculture. Agrocorridors do this because they integrate public and private investments in “hardware” (transport and agribusiness infrastructure), “software” (policy and regulatory framework) and “orgware” (institutional strengthening and capacity building). The goal of the book is to provide policy-makers and practitioners with a series of evidence-based, practical instruments (a checklist and a good practices tool) to guide the design and implementation of agrocorridors.

Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture : a manual to address data requirements for developing countries / Francesco N. Tubiello … [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - ix, 180 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-92-5-108674-2 Countries report their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals from all sectors via national GHG Inventories, submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in accordance with International climate policy agreements and technical guidelines developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The agriculture sector represents a unique challenge for national inventory compilers, especially in developing countries, due to significant difficulties in compiling and regularly updating national statistics for agriculture, forestry and land use - the first necessary step in preparing national GHG estimates. The limited capacity to identify and collect reliable activity data and to quantify emissions by sources and removals by sinks, including in countries where agriculture and land use activities are a key component of the national economy and a driver of employment, could furthermore lead to limited access to international climate finance of importance to rural development, such as for instance REDD+ activities and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). FAO supports its Member Countries with data, guidelines and technical expertise towards an enhanced global knowledge base on GHG emissions and mitigation potentials. The Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions and Mitigation Potentials in Agriculture - MAGHG Project of the Climate, Energy and Land Tenure Division's Mitigation Programme (MICCA), in close collaboration with the FAO Statistics Division and the FAO Forestry Division

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UN REDD Programme, has developed and made available relevant activity data, GHG emission estimates databases and analysis tools through the FAOSTAT database. These products are used in regional and country-level capacity development activities that support practitioners in assessing and reporting GHG emissions from agriculture and land use categories, with a view to strengthening their national processes, with a focus on preparation and submission of GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports (BURs) and NAMAs. This Manual provides Member Countries with a tool and methodology to help identify, build and access the minimum set of activity data needed for GHG estimation. Required data is largely drawn from country's official national agricultural and forestry statistics, as disseminated in FAO's corporate database FAOSTAT, and integrated by geo-spatial data obtained from recognized international sources. Users are provided with step-by-step guidance on how to use this minimum set to build a default, yet complete national GHG emission dataset for agriculture and land use, which follows the default, Tier 1 approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines on National GHG Inventories. This Manual therefore contributes to FAO and the Global Strategy support to national processes towards improbe agricultural and rural statistics. It can be used as a guide by staff of national statistical offices, environmental ministries and other relevant national agencies, to understand the international context of international climate policy (Ch. 2) and international guidelines (Ch. 3), identify needs for improved agricultural and rural data as well as emission estimates towards improving GHG Inventories (Ch. 4), while supplying practical information and examples based on accessing and using the FAOSTAT Emissions database for agriculture and land use (Ch. 5). Improving statistical processes for GHG estimation has wider implications beyond climate change mitigation. Improved statistics on agricultural and land use activities enable Member Countries better identify climate responses that are consistent with their rural development and food security objectives, including preservino natural resources, increasing resilience of production systems and creating new employment opportunities.

Initiatives for agricultural public expenditures monitoring and analysis in Africa : a comparative review and analysis / Alban Mas Aparisi, Léopold Ghins, Jean Balié. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - xii, 43 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.

While African policy-makers neglected the agriculture sector for a significant period between the 1970s and the 2000s, the sector subsequently regained their attention as a driving force for their countries' development (Jha, 1987; Olukoshi, 2005; Palaniswany and Biner, 2006; Staatz and Dembelé, 2007; Kolavalli et al., 2012; Benin, 2012). The striking stagnation of African countries' agriculture sectors, especially when compared with Asian countries, triggered policy responses from African governments (Anderson et al., 2008). Responses included trade and market policy measures aimed at protecting domestic production (fixed prices, import tariffs, input and output subsidies), particularly following the 2007/2008 food price crisis. Governments also acknowledged the need to make increased and better use of budgetary tools to develop and transform their agriculture sectors. The present report seeks to fill this gap by providing a detailed and analytical map of existing PEA monitoring and analysis initiatives in Africa. This is based on the experience and knowledge accumulated in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) by the secretariat of the Monitoring and Analysing Food and Agricultural Policies (MAFAP) programme. MAFAP seeks to establish country-owned and sustainable systems to monitor, analyse and reform food and agricultural policies in order to enable more effective, efficient and inclusive policy frameworks in a growing number of developing and emerging economies. PEA monitoring and analysis has been an essential pillar of MAFAP's work since 2009, the year the programme was launched. MAFAP has collaborated with the OECD's Trade and Agriculture Directorate (TAD) in producing a PEA monitoring and analysis methodology and PEA analytical products. MAFAP is a contributor to the community of PEA monitoring and analysis practitioners in Africa. Policy analysts and policy-makers in MAFAP's African partner countries have expressed the need for transparent information on the characteristics of the various PEA monitoring and analysis initiatives that are meant to support policy processes. The present report seeks to respond to that need. The objective of the present report is to provide a comprehensive and in-depth review of recent and current initiatives for PEA monitoring and analysis in Africa. The report is aimed primarily at African policy-makers and policy analysts, especially in the Ministries of Finance, Planning and Agriculture, seeking to better under stand the specificity and relevance of each PEA initiative for the food and agriculture development of African countries. The report can also be of interest for other development stakeholders, including donors, civil society, regional economic communities, academia and the private sector.

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Measuring sustainability in cotton farming systems towards a guidance framework / prepared by FAO Plant Production and Protection Division. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - xiii, 149 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-92-5-108614-8 The global cotton industry includes more than 100 million farm families across 75 countries, and generates about USD 51.4 billion annually in raw product. For many of these farmers, however, cotton constitutes only one component of a more complex and integrated farming system. This report presents the outcome of a study designed to Measure Sustainability in Cotton Farming Systems. It is the culmination of several years of collaborative effort in a robust and sciencebased assessment of a range of relevant conventions, standards and benchmarks. The broad and scientific nature of the consultative process that characterized this study has stimulated dialogue across sectors and national boundaries and helped to build consensus around critical sustainability issues and their metrics. The diversity of farming systems in different geographic areas, the specificity of sustainability challenges and the synergistic relationship between the different components of sustainability preclude the development of a blueprint or onesize- fits-all approach. This report provides stakeholders with the key elements for understanding the potential threats to the sustainability of their particular farming system and explains how to perform both measurement and benchmarking. It provides a framework and a common language for farming communities pursuing the dual objectives of sustainable production and livelihood improvement. FAO's Strategic Framework, particularly its second strategic objective, aims at making agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable. At its core is a holistic approach to sustainability, working in a more cross-sectoraland interdisciplinary manner, across the environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainability. The development of more integrated policy and enhanced governance structures are a means for preserving and enhancing the quality of our natural resources without compromising the quantity and quality of our agricultural products.

World fertilizer trends and outlook to 2018. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - ix, 55 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. ISBN 978-92-5-108692-6 This report presents the world nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer medium-term supply and demand projections for the period 2014-2018. FAO, in collaboration with experts from the FAO/Fertilizer Organizations Working Group dealing with fertilizer production, consumption and trade, annually provides five-year forecasts of world and regional fertilizer supply demand and potential balance. FAO, in collaboration with experts from the Working Group dealing with fertilizer production, consumption and trade, annually provides five-year forecasts of world and regional fertilizer supply, demand and potential balance. The contributions made by the members of the Working Group and preparation of the FAO baseline data by Simona Mosco and Josef Schmidhuber from the FAO Statistics Division are gratefully acknowledged. The document was prepared by Robert Mayo, and his contribution is sincerely acknowledged. Final editing of the document was undertaken by John Choptiany. The document was prepared under the supervision of Caterina Batello, Senior Officer, FAO and overall direction by Clayton Campanhola, Director, Plant Production and Protection Division, FAO.

When the law is not enough : paralegals and natural resources governance in Mozambique / Christopher Tanner, Marianna Bicchieri. - Rome : FAO, 2014. - xii, 141 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. (FAO Legislative Study ; 110).

The Mozambique land law provides statutory recognition of customary land rights and is considered one of the most progressive legislations in Africa. However, the law continues to face implementation challenges, including the realization of equal rights for women and institutional reform. Simply having a progressive law 'is not enough' to bring about transformative change in a country. Recognizing these challenges, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) developed a programme to support the legislation through the capacity development of both direct beneficiaries and those responsible for implementing it. This publication, presents an overview of how this programme developed and what it has achieved to date. It highlights the lessons learned from this core element of FAO's long history of support to the land programme in Mozambique. In particular, the study discusses the challenges facing land and natural resources paralegals in Mozambique today and helps to define the parameters for programme assessment by looking at paralegals in different country contexts. It describes how the programme has included training and capacity-development, not just for NGO-sponsored paralegals, but also for district and local government level officials, justice system officers and staff from public sectors working with land and natural resources.

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Food and Nutrition The Procedural Manual of the Codex Alimentarius Commission descrive the legal foundations and practical functioning of the Commission and its subsidiary bodies. Knowledge of the contents of this Manual is essential for Codex members and observers to participate effectively in the work of the Commission. The Manual has been organized into seven sections and one appendix as follows: Section I: Basic Texts and Definitions sets out the Commission's Statutes, Rules of Procedure and the General Principles of the Codex Alimentarius, as well as definitions of terms for the Purpose of the Codex Alimentarius which assist in the uniform interpretation of these texts. Section II: Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Texts contains the Uniform Procedure for the Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Texts, the criteria for the establishment of work priorities and subsidiary bodies, guidance on relations between Commodity Committees and General Committees, a format for Codex Commodity standards, procedures for consideration of food additive provisions, guidelines on the elaboration or revision of codes of hygienic practice and principles for selection of methods of analysis and sampling procedures. Section III: Guidelines for Subsidiary Bodies contains guidelines for the smooth and transparent operation of Codex Committees, ad hoc Task Forces and physical and electronic working groups. Section IV: Risk Analysis – contains general and specific texts on risk analysis for application in the framework of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and its subsidiary bodies dealing with the protection of consumers' health and to the joint FAO/WHO expert bodies and consultations. Section V: Subsidiary bodies of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, lists the Commission's subsidiary bodies with their Terms of Reference.

Section VI: Membership, includes the membership list of the Commission (with year of accession where available) as well as the Core Functions of the Codex Contact Points. Section VII: Relations with other Organizations outlines the Principles and Guidelines governing the relations between the Codex Alimentarius Commission and international intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations.

The impact of natural hazards and disasters on agriculture and food and nutrition security : a call for action to build resilient livelihoods. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - 20 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.

This report presents the preliminary findings of an FAO study on the impact of natural hazards and disasters on the agriculture sector and sub-sectors1 in developing countries. The core findings of the study are: the agriculture sector - including crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry - absorbs approximately 22 percent of the economic impact caused by medium and large scale natural hazards and disasters in developing countries; the high impact of natural hazards and disasters on agriculture calls for enhanced mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience building within the agricultural sectors; there are major data gaps on the impact of natural hazards and disasters on the agriculture sectors in developing countries. This sector-specific data must be systematically collected and included in national and international disaster loss databases to better inform appropriate risk reduction policies and investments for and within the sector; humanitarian aid and official development assistance to the agriculture sector is small when compared with the economic impact and needs in the sector. More investment is needed in DRR to build resilient livelihoods and food production systems; the agriculture sectors need to be mobilized as proactive implementation partners for the delivery of the post-2015 framework on DRR so as to enhance local action and build resilience of the most vulnerable, which are often also the most food insecure.

Uses of geothermal energy in food and agriculture : opportunities for developing countries / M. Van Nguyen ‌ [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - x, 52 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-92-5108656-8 Agriculture and agro-industry are important sectors in the economies of most developing countries, where they provide the main source of livelihoods for the majority of the poor. The lack of a sustainable supply of affordable energy is a major constraint to the development of these sectors in developing countries. Traditionally, geothermal energy has been utilized mainly to generate electricity; however, it can be harnessed for other important uses in agriculture and agro-industry.

Developing countries endowed with this renewable energy source have ample potential to use it in advancing their agriculture and agro-industry sectors. This book reviews the use of geothermal energy in agriculture and agro-industry around the world. With a simple format and copious illustrations and models, the book is accessible to a wide range of interested readers, including those with no technical background. It shows that geothermal resources have the potential to provide long-term, secure energy for the agriculture and food industry in both developed and developing countries. Constraints and challenges that should be addressed before this potential can be fully achieved are also discussed.

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Codex alimentarius commission : procedural manual. - 23rd ed. - Rome : WHO ; FAO, 2015. - v, 219 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-92-5-108703-9

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CENTRO DOCUMENTALE - ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI

Gender

FAO Repository Library

Qualitative research on women's economic empowerment and social protection : a research guide / Sara Pavanello, Pamela Pozarny and Ana Paula de la O Campos. - Rome : FAO, 2015. - v, 46 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.

The FAO's Social Protection and Rural Women's Economic Empowerment research programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) falls under FAO's Strategic Objective 3 of Reducing Rural Poverty and is delivered through two flagship initiatives: the Rural Women's Economic Empowerment Initiative (RWEE) and the From Protection to Production (PtoP) programme. The research seeks to gain a better understanding of how social protection policies and programmes can be improved to enhance impacts on rural women's empowerment.

The programme also aims at identifying ways in which social protection schemes or systems can be strengthened with regard to reducing gender inequalities and improving rural women's economic and social empowerment, actions which can lead to more sustainable pathways out of poverty. A number of case studies will analyse the impact of social protection programmes on rural women's economic empowerment, particularly in two domains: economic advancement and power and agency. The case studies will also assess the impact of programme design on these two domains, as well as the degree to which gender equality and women's empowerment are mainstreamed in programme design and implementation. Finally, to a lesser extent, the programme will assess the synergies that these programmes have with rural services and other livelihoods interventions.

Based on previous experience from the PtoP, the case studies are conducted using a mixedmethod approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. To achieve comparability and enable cross-country analysis, the research methods are being implemented systematically across countries. This Qualitative Research Guide describes in detail the sequencing, timing and methodology of the research process to be implemented in each country of study: training, fieldwork preparation, a simple and clear fieldwork roadmap, the theory of change hypotheses for the studies, guiding questions and research tools.

The Guide will be used for conducting qualitative research as part of this programme and will also serve as a basis for future FAO research on women's empowerment and agriculture.

Animal production Global strategy for the control and eradication of PPR. - Rome : OIE ; FAO, 2015. - 83 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-92-5-108733-6 Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease of sheep and goats caused by a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus and is considered to be one of the most damaging livestock diseases in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Bearing in mind the strong negative impact that PPR can have on food security and the livelihoods of poor farmers, the main keepers of sheep and goats, the Global Framework for the Progressive Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs) Global Steering Committee in 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations' (FAO) Council and the Committee on Agriculture (COAG) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), in the form of a Resolution of the World Assembly of Delegates of the OIE in 2014, have all recommended the development of a PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy (hereinafter named 'Global Strategy') and expressed a strong willingness to address the animal health problems in a systematic way, dealing with horizontal as well as more disease-specific (vertical) issues. Part A of the Global Strategy describes the rationale for controlling and eradicating PPR and other major small ruminant diseases, the general principles and the tools to be used. Part B describes the successive elements of the strategy and the four main stages. The overall objective is a small ruminant sector contributing to global food security and nutrition, human health and economic growth, particularly in developing countries, thereby alleviating poverty, increasing income generation and improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and general human wellbeing. The specific objectives of the Global Strategy are the eradication of PPR by 2030, while at the same time, through reinforcing VS, improving animal health globally by reducing the impact of other major infectious diseases. Part C explains how the GF-TADs principles and mechanisms will be used to provide coordination at both the global level (and the regional level (particularly the Regional Steering Committees in association with relevant regional organisations). A global control and eradication programme to implement the Global Strategy will be launched and a joint FAO-OIE Global Secretariat will be established to implement this programme. Monitoring and evaluation are key elements of the Global Strategy implementation and the PPR Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT) will be used for that purpose. Countries will participate in (sub)regional PPR Roadmaps during which the stage ranking assessments will be agreed through an 'acceptance process'.

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Natural Resources

Home to one of the last near-pristine aquatic system of the world, the Cubango-Okavango river basin faces the challenge of sustaining the livelihoods of nearly 900 000 people in three countries (Angola, Namibia and Botswana) while preserving its unique ecosystem. FAO has been providing support to the Permanent Okavango River Basin Commission (OKACOM) since the year 2000 through the implementation of the Environmental Protection and Sustainable Management of the Okavango (EPSMO) project, on which this Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit (CORBWA) builds. A Water Audit provides a country administration or a river basin organization with a comprehensive methodology for assessing, analysing and reporting of the use of increasingly scarce water resources. On the supply side, the audit provides information about the water availability. On the demand side, it gives a detailed picture, on how the water is used, for which purpose, and with which value. A detailed assessment of agricultural water use, including its productivity, its value-inuse, and its efficiency during the water use process, gives countries handles to adapt water policies and improve water management plans for the future through strategic and integrated interventions to increase their capacity to cope with water scarcity. This report presents a synthesis of sixteen thematic reports which describe the different components of the CORBWA in the three riparian countries and at basin level.

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FAO Repository Library

Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit (CORBWA) Project : Synthesis Report. Rome : FAO, 2014. - xvii, 109 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. - FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ; 1095.

- ISBN 978-92-5-108298-0

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CENTRO DOCUMENTALE - ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI

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Monografie gentilmente donate dalla dott.ssa Irene Carradori - Coldiretti sede di Roma L'agroalimentare italiano nel commercio mondiale : specializzazione, competitività e dinamiche / a cura di Fabrizio De Filippis ; contributi di Gabriele Canali … [et al.]. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2012. - 209 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - ISBN 978-88-89110-20-1 Negli ultimi 15 anni il ruolo dell'Italia nel commercio internazionale si è andato modificando da esportatore a importatore netto di beni e servizi, per cui è progressivamente venuto meno il contributo della componente estera al sostegno della domanda aggregata e alla crescita economica. Questo passaggio è avvenuto nel quadro di un'evoluzione dell'economia mondiale verso un sistema multipolare, in cui accanto al parziale declino dei vecchi protagonisti del mondo occidentale si è assistito al rapido affermarsi di nuove aree e nuovi Paesi - l'Asia e la Cina in particolare - come motori della crescita globale. L'Italia, purtroppo, è rimasta ai margini di questo processo. Infatti, come ricordano Paolo Guerrieri e Piero Esposito in un loro recente contributo, “a differenza di quanto era accaduto negli anni Cinquanta del secolo scorso, allorché la forte crescita e la profonda ristrutturazione dell'economia italiana erano state trainate da una fase di rapida mutazione del contesto economico internazionale, in questo ultimo quindicennio la nostra economia non è riuscita a sfruttare la scia delle mutazioni epocali del contesto europeo e mondiale”. E certo questo «mancato aggancio della nostra economia alle grandi trasformazioni in atto nell'economia mondiale ed europea» è stato uno dei fattori che spiegano la sua dinamica di crescita declinante, che la colloca da anni stabilmente al di sotto della media Ue (Guerrieri e Esposito, 2012, p.32). In questo quadro, il comparto agroalimentare è andato, almeno per certi versi, in contro-tendenza: negli anni della forte crescita dell'economia italiana trainata dalle esportazioni, si è caratterizzato per un forte e crescente deficit strutturale, esploso negli anni Settanta e Ottanta; mentre proprio nella successiva fase di declino di quel modello ha visto migliorare le proprie performance, almeno in termini relativi. Ciò è avvenuto soprattutto per il cosiddetto made in Italy agroalimentare, che da qualche anno costituisce una delle componenti più robuste e dinamiche delle nostre esportazioni. Questo quaderno del Gruppo 2013 propone un'analisi in profondità del commercio estero del settore agroalimentare italiano, collocandolo innanzitutto nel quadro della nuova geografia degli scambi a livello mondiale e quindi analizzandolo nella sua composizione geografica e merceologica e nelle relative dinamiche, con una particolare attenzione alla qualità e al made in Italy.

Crisi economica e agricoltura / a cura di Fabrizio De Filippis, Donato Romano ; contributi di Francesca Alfano … [et al.]. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2010. - 244 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - ISBN 978-88-89110-14-0 Da alcuni anni il settore agricolo e al centro di notevoli turbolenze. Dapprima, tra la fine del 2006 e l'inizio del 2008, c'e stata la bolla dei prezzi delle materie prime e delle commodities agricole (in particolare cereali), sulle cui cause e sui cui effetti molto e stato detto in un dibattito tra studiosi e addetti ai lavori al quale anche il Gruppo 2013 ha dato il suo contributo. Successivamente, proprio mentre la bolla si andava sgonfiando e i prezzi agricoli erano in caduta libera, sono arrivati sul settore primario gli effetti della peggior crisi economica del dopoguerra, con una contrazione del Pil che nel 2009 e stata pari al -0,8% a livello mondiale e al -4,8% in Italia. E benche tutti gli indicatori congiunturali indichino che il punto piu basso del ciclo economico e stato raggiunto nel maggio del 2009, gli strascichi in termini reali sono ancora notevoli e il peggio in termini occupazionali – con l'ulteriore riduzione dei redditi e dei consumi che ne deriva – si sta manifestando proprio nel corso del 2010. Riguardo agli effetti della crisi economica, non sorprende che l'attenzione degli analisti e dei media si sia concentrata soprattutto sui settori dell'industria e dei servizi, sia per l'entita della contrazione della produzione del comparto manifatturiero (con una perdita cumulata del -16,8% nei cinque trimestri della crisi), sia per il peso preponderante dei servizi nell'economia nazionale. Invece, scarsa attenzione e stata dedicata all'impatto della crisi economica sul settore agricolo, con l'eccezione di un'iniziativa di Agriregionieuropa a settembre 2009 e della finestra che Coldiretti ha dedicato al tema della crisi in occasione della nona edizione del suo Forum Internazionale dell'agricoltura e dell'alimentazione, tenuto a Cernobbio nell'ottobre 2009. Un motivo di tale disattenzione sta forse nel fatto che tradizionalmente l'agricoltura e stata vista come un settore anti-ciclico2, ossia un settore che per le sue caratteristiche sarebbe in grado di assorbire e attutire gli shock macroeconomici sia in un senso che nell'altro e che, dunque, finirebbe con l'andare in controtendenza rispetto al ciclo economico generale: crescendo di meno quando l'economia tira e soffrendo di meno nelle fasi di recessione. Se e certamente vero che il settore agricolo presenta alcune caratteristiche che lo rendono piu resiliente sotto il profilo degli andamenti del valore aggiunto, certamente cosi non e sul versante dei prezzi; essi, infatti, mostrano una variabilita molto piu accentuata rispetto agli altri settori, che in larga misura e essa stessa legata agli andamenti del ciclo economico. Dunque, se l'agricoltura sembra resistere meglio di altri settori alla crisi, cio va comunque letto in termini relativi: la performance dell'agricoltura peggiora, ma non tanto quanto quella degli altri settori economici e soprattutto gli effetti del ciclo si avvertono con un certo ritardo, a causa della maggiore rigidita dell'offerta e della domanda di beni agro-alimentari; ma cio non vuol dire che gli effetti della crisi in agricoltura non si facciano sentire in maniera anche molto pesante, giacchenella dinamica dei prezzi associata alle fasi di recessione le asimmetrie presenti lungo la filiera agroalimentare in termini di potere contrattuale si traducono in un peggioramento della ragione di scambio degli agricoltori e, dunque, della redditivita della loro attivita d'impresa. In questo quadro, caratterizzato da profonde incertezze e scarsita di informazioni, nella primavera del 2009 il Gruppo 2013 ha promosso una ricerca basata su un'indagine campionaria e realizzata in collaborazione con l'Area economica di Coldiretti, con l'obiettivo di verificare le diverse modalita con cui le imprese agricole italiane hanno percepito la crisi economica e le strategie di risposta che hanno adottato, evidentemente differenziate nelle varie realta imprenditoriali. I risultati di questa ricerca sono stati presentati e discussi nel workshop “Crisi economica e agricoltura” organizzato a Roma il 21 gennaio 2010, al quale hanno contribuito numerosi economisti riconducibili ad un ampio ventaglio di competenze: da quelle piu strettamente economico-agrarie a quelle piu generali, di natura macroeconomica o di respiro internazionale.

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La crisi che stiamo vivendo dura ormai da un quinquennio. Una crisi nata lontano, di là dell'Atlantico, ma che ha poi rapidamente e profondamente contagiato anche l'Europa e il nostro Paese; una crisi che si è manifestata nel tempo con la classica evoluzione definita a double dip o “a W”, per cui a un picco recessivo segue un accenno di ripresa e poi una nuova caduta. Gli eventi che hanno scandito questa evoluzione sono stati i seguenti: nel 2007, lo scoppio della bolla immobiliare statunitense e la successiva crisi del sistema di finanza derivata che l'aveva alimentata; parallelamente, la turbolenza dei mercati delle materie prime e dei prodotti energetici – iniziata anch'essa nel 2007 – e, più in particolare, la crescente volatilità dei prezzi agricoli, poi divenuta una caratteristica strutturale. In seguito, quando si era in attesa del consolidarsi dei segnali di ripresa, è arrivata la crisi dei debiti sovrani di alcuni Paesi dell'area Euro, accentuata dagli effetti di una speculazione finanziaria sempre più potente e aggressiva anche sul mercato dei titoli di Stato. Più recentemente, con il Pil in caduta libera, molti Paesi dell'area euro sono entrati in una fase di vera e propria recessione, alimentata anche da misure restrittive di politica fiscale, particolarmente severe in Italia, imposte dall'esigenza di rientro del debito pubblico. In questo contesto, si registra la pesante riduzione di tutte le componenti interne della domanda aggregata e soprattutto il calo dei consumi delle famiglie, persino della loro componente alimentare, fino a poco tempo fa ritenuta incomprimibile. Il Gruppo 2013 ha seguito l'evolversi della crisi in tutte le sue fasi e in molti degli aspetti della sua complessa fenomenologia, tentando di contribuire in modo tempestivo ma documentato alla riflessione e al dibattito in materia, con la consueta formula dei workshop tra studiosi e addetti ai lavori e la rapida pubblicazione di quaderni contenenti i principali risultati degli incontri. Nel 2008, mentre era in pieno svolgimento quella che fu definita la “bolla agricola”, che vide il repentino aumento dei prezzi mondiali dei prodotti primari e l'innescarsi di una stagione di forte turbolenza dei relativi mercati, il Gruppo è uscito con il quaderno Prezzi agricoli ed emergenza alimentare, con cui si tentava di mettere ordine nelle tante letture del fenomeno, sia congiunturali che strutturali. Nel 2010, quando la crisi economica e finanziaria era ormai in pieno svolgimento, il Gruppo ha pubblicato il quaderno Crisi economica e agricoltura, nel quale ci si interrogava sui vari aspetti della crisi e sulle modalità con cui essa impattava sulle principali variabili rilevanti per la performance del settore agricolo. L'anno dopo, nel 2011, con il quaderno su consumi alimentari, si provava a leggere le diverse risposte alla crisi da parte dei consumatori italiani, nel quadro del complicato intreccio tra evoluzione di lungo periodo della domanda di prodotti agroalimentari e nuove tendenze emergenti nei comportamenti di consumo.

I consumi alimentari : evoluzione strutturale, nuove tendenze, risposte alla crisi : atti del workshop tenuto a Palazzo Rospigliosi, Roma, 27 novembre 2011 / a cura di Domenico Cersosimo ; contributi di Gabriele Canali … [et al.]. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2011. - 157 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - ISBN 978-88-89110-16-4 I consumi sono una componente importante del benessere individuale e della crescita economica.

D'altro canto, consistenza e qualità dei consumi alimentari sono stati e sono tuttora fattori determinanti del progresso umano e indicatori pregnanti del tenore di vita di singoli e comunità.

Non a caso Stiglitz, Sen e Fitoussi (2010, p. 43), alla ricerca di modalità nuove per valutare il benessere oltre la contabilità convenzionale del Pil, hanno scritto di recente che: “I flussi di reddito sono un indicatore importante per la valutazione dello standard di vita, ma in ultima analisi ciò che conta sono il consumo e le possibilità di consumo nel tempo. I consumi, alimentari e non, sono storicamente determinati, nel senso che cambiano nel corso del tempo per effetto di diverse variabili di natura economica, sociale e culturale. Piero Conforti (2011), sulla base di un set longitudinale di dati e stime della Fao, dimostra come livello e composizione dei consumi alimentari siano sottoposti a incessanti mutamenti indotti dalle co-evoluzioni di demografia, disponibilità di risorse agricole e reddito disponibile. Sul piano globale, domina il progressivo spostamento del baricentro demografico a favore dei Paesi in via di sviluppo, in particolare verso l'Africa, che nel 2050 raddoppierebbe il numero di abitanti arrivando a due miliardi, e in direzione delle aree urbane delle regioni sviluppate: si stima che tra quarant'anni circa due abitanti su tre vivranno in città mentre oggi la metà vive in agglomerati urbani e l'altra metà in campagna. La concentrazione metropolitana e urbana della popolazione e i connessi cambiamenti nella struttura demografica delle aree rurali comporteranno, secondo le proiezioni della Fao per il 2050, una contrazione di circa il 30 per cento della popolazione attiva in agricoltura. Il presente Quaderno raccoglie i contributi analitici e gli interventi presentati in occasione del workshop “I consumi alimentari: evoluzione strutturale, nuove tendenze, risposte alla crisi”, organizzato dal Gruppo 2013 e svoltosi a Roma, a Palazzo Rospigliosi, il 27 settembre 2011. I contenuti del Quaderno rappresentano una sorta di continuum tematico delle analisi pubblicate nel precedente Quaderno “Crisi economica e agricoltura”, uscito nel maggio del 2010 a cura di Fabrizio De Filippis e Donato Romano, che raccoglieva le relazioni e il dibattito di un workshop realizzato nel gennaio dello stesso anno. Rispetto alla trattazione generale del tema della crisi economica e dei suoi riflessi in agricoltura, qui l'attenzione è rivolta ad approfondire aspetti specifici ma di grande impatto economico e sociale, come l'evoluzione strutturale dei consumi alimentari delle famiglie italiane, le tendenze emergenti ed i comportamenti adattivi con cui i consumatori hanno risposto alla congiuntura della grande recessione dell'ultimo quadriennio.

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Crisi economica e manovra di stabilizzazione : quali effetti per l'agroalimentare? / a cura di Fabrizio De Filippis ; contributi di Ferdinando Albisinni … [et al.]. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2012. - 153 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - ISBN 978-88-89110-19-5

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CENTRO DOCUMENTALE - ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI

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La nuova Pac 2014-2020 : un'analisi delle proposte della Commissione / a cura di Fabrizio De Filippis ; contributi di Ferdinando Albisinni … [et al.]. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2012. 179 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - ISBN 978-88-89110-17-1 Il 12 ottobre 2011, dopo oltre un anno di preparazione e di dibattito, la Commissione Ue ha presentato le proposte legislative sulla riforma della Pac per il periodo 2014-2020. Siamo di fronte alla quinta riforma in vent'anni, che segue le ultime decisioni relative all'evoluzione di questa politica, prese con il cosiddetto Health check del 2008 (De Filippis, 2009a): in quella occasione furono sostanzialmente confermati fino al 2013 gli obiettivi e gli strumenti previsti dalla riforma Fischler del 2003, rinviando cambiamenti più radicali a decisioni successive, da applicare dopo il 2014. Tale scadenza temporale va di pari passo con un altro importante appuntamento a livello comunitario, la revisione del Quadro finanziario pluriennale dell'Unione europea relativo al periodo 2014-2020, nel cui ambito verranno decise le dotazioni finanziarie su cui la Pac potrà contare nel periodo in questione. Inoltre, questo percorso si inserisce nel quadro di importanti cambiamenti politici, economici ed istituzionali che interessano tutta l'Ue: l'entrata in vigore del Trattato di Lisbona, con la nuova procedura di codecisione tra Parlamento e Consiglio europeo, particolarmente rilevante in materia di agricoltura; il ruolo ormai assestato dei 12 nuovi Paesi entrati nell'Ue con l'ultimo allargamento; lo scenario di incertezza e di volatilità dei prezzi che da anni ormai caratterizza l'evoluzione dei mercati agricoli mondiali; il tutto in presenza di nuove sfide sui temi dell'ambiente, dell'energia e del cambiamento climatico e, soprattutto, sullo sfondo di una crisi economica e finanziaria che sta mettendo a dura prova la capacità della stessa Unione di farvi fronte in modo coeso, tempestivo ed efficace. Dal punto di vista politico, rispetto alle precedenti riforme della Pac, due sono le differenze rilevanti che qui vale la pena di sottolineare: sarà la prima volta che la riforma della Pac verrà discussa ed approvata con un ruolo decisivo del Parlamento europeo, per effetto della nuova procedura della codecisione; il dibattito sulla Pac, a differenza di quanto avvenuto in occasione della sua ultima grande riforma del 2003, si svilupperà senza un quadro di risorse finanziarie certe, visto che il percorso decisionale sulle prospettive finanziarie è appena iniziato. In questo contributo introduttivo vengono presentati e discussi, in estrema sintesi, il percorso, l'impianto e gli obiettivi della Pac per il periodo 2014-2020, come emerge dalle proposte legislative della Commissione, rinviando aisuccessivi contributi gli approfondimenti relativi ai singoli aspetti.

La Pac 2014-2020 : le decisioni dell'Ue e le scelte nazionali / a cura di Fabrizio De Filippis ; contributi di Gabriele Canali … [et al.]. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2014. - 185 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. ISBN 978-88-89110-24-9 Questo quaderno descrive la nuova Politica agricola comune (Pac) per il periodo di programmazione 2014-2020 – che in effetti sarà concretamente operativa dal 2015 – sia nel suo impianto generale relativo all'intera Unione europea, sia riguardo al modo con cui essa sarà applicata in Italia. Dopo aver seguito in questi anni tutta l'evoluzione del percorso di riforma e il lungo dibattito che ha portato alla nuova Pac, all'indomani delle decisioni finali e alla vigilia della sua entrata a regime con questo quaderno si vuole fornire uno strumento di conoscenza e di consultazione, che si spera possa essere utile per capire il funzionamento di una politica sempre più articolata e complicata, sia nella sua concezione sia, soprattutto, nella sua applicazione concreta. Il processo di revisione del bilancio Ue per il periodo 2014-2020 e la contemporanea riforma della Pac si sono intrecciati nel corso degli anni che hanno preceduto le decisioni finali. I due percorsi si sono conclusi a fine 2013 (Consiglio dell'Ue, 2013)1, a poca distanza l'uno dall'altro, e il nuovo bilancio comunitario è entrato in vigore dal 1° gennaio 2014. Le scelte si sono accavallate e rincorse, e sembrava che una partita non riuscisse a chiudersi se non si mettevano a posto tutti i tasselli dell'altra. In parte ciò si spiega con la rilevanza politica e finanziaria dell'agricoltura all'interno del bilancio comunitario, sebbene nel tempo il suo peso si sia ridotto da circa il 70% a meno del 40%. A ciò si aggiunge il processo di co-decisione nei regolamenti settoriali della Pac, che ha visto – per la prima volta – il Parlamento europeo attore protagonista del negoziato e delle decisioni finali, con la forte attenzione che questa istituzione ha sempre mostrato di avere nei confronti dell'agricoltura.

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Prodotti tipici e denominazioni geografiche : strumenti di tutela e valorizzazione / a cura di Filippo Arfini, Giovanni Belletti, Andrea Marescotti. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2010. - 206 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - ISBN 978-88-89110-15-7 Nell'attuale fase evolutiva del sistema agroalimentare i prodotti tipici sono oggetto di grande attenzione da parte di molti soggetti, anche se con motivazioni non sempre uniformi e anzi talvolta contraddittorie. È generalmente riconosciuto che i prodotti tipici rappresentano la parte più attrattiva e reputata del nostro sistema agroalimentare, dunque in grado di operare come baluardo contro l'invasione di alimenti a basso costo e, più in generale, di sostenere l'intera produzione agricola e agroalimentare nazionale. Mentre però per alcuni il prodotto tipico deve essere considerato come la manifestazione di un legame stretto ed essenziale tra gli attributi qualitativi del prodotto e il suo territorio di origine, di norma inteso in senso geograficamente abbastanza limitato, in altri prevale un approccio di tipo più generalista, dove il legame del prodotto con il territorio rimane più sfumato. Tali differenti posizioni si riflettono anche in differenti modi di interpretare i caratteri e le funzioni delle indicazioni geografiche. In questo lavoro, in linea con la definizione fornita in sede di accordo sulla tutela dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale relativi al commercio (Trips), con il termine indicazione geografica si intende una associazione tra un nome geografico e un prodotto agricolo o agroalimentare che trae dall'origine geografica una o più delle proprie caratteristiche intrinseche o estrinseche. Quando ricorre questo particolare legame, possono essere previste specifiche misure di regolazione, tutela e protezione. Nell'Unione Europea con questa finalità sono state introdotte, con il regolamento Cee 2081/92 (poi sostituito dal regolamento Ce 510/2006), la Denominazione di origine protetta (Dop) e la Indicazione geografica protetta (Igp), cui in questo lavoro ci si riferisce congiuntamente con il termine di denominazioni geografiche.

Obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di inquadrare la tematica delle denominazioni geografiche e le specifiche forme di regolazione assunte nel nostro Paese, per poi esaminarne diffusione, risultati conseguiti e problematiche aperte. La scelta dei contenuti è stata dunque effettuata proprio in considerazione della necessità di entrare nel merito di quanto accade nell'ambito del variegato universo dei prodotti Dop e Igp. Non verrà invece trattato il tema delle denominazioni nel campo dei vini e dei prodotti alcoolici, in considerazione della sua specificità storica, normativa (sia a livello nazionale che internazionale) e di funzionamento. Molte delle considerazioni svolte, comunque, possono essere riferite anche al sistema vino, ancor più se consideriamo che l'ultima riforma della Organizzazione comune di mercato (in particolare il regolamento Ce 279/2008) di fatto avvicina il sistema delle denominazioni geografiche del vino a quello delle Dop e delle Igp. Questo testo prende avvio dall'analisi degli aspetti relativi alla regolazione e alla protezione dei prodotti tipici attraverso le denominazioni geografiche, partendo da una discussione sulla natura del prodotto tipico e sulle funzioni che il nome geografico può svolgere nella valorizzazione del prodotto sul mercato, non solo con riguardo agli aspetti di protezione da usi scorretti, ma anche come contributo alla definizione della identità del prodotto e alla realizzazione di una azione collettiva (capitolo 1). Viene quindi presentata e discussa la normativa comunitaria che regola le Dop e le Igp nel contesto europeo e internazionale, considerando anche le disposizioni applicative nazionali (capitolo 2). Si passa poi a fornire un quadro della diffusione e dell'importanza assunta dalle Dop e dalle Igp in Italia in termini economici e di presenza sui canali commerciali (capitolo 3). Nei capitoli successivi, anche con riferimento ad esempi di prodotti Dop e Igp italiani, vengono esaminati alcuni aspetti che condizionano il successo delle denominazioni geografiche, a partire dalla fase particolarmente critica rappresentata dalla costruzione del disciplinare (capitolo 4) e del successivo funzionamento, fino a discutere i vantaggi e i costi dell'impiego delle denominazioni per le imprese e per i sistemi territoriali di impresa (capitolo 5).

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I giovani agricoltori italiani oggi : consistenza, evoluzione, politiche / a cura di Domenico Cersosimo ; contributi di Domenico Cersosimo … [et al.]. - Roma : Edizioni Tellus, 2013. - 107 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. - ISBN 978-88-89110-21-8 Questo Quaderno nasce nell'ambito delle attività di ricerca e analisi economica del “Laboratorio giovani” del Gruppo 2013. Il Laboratorio, avviato lo scorso anno in stretta collaborazione con Coldiretti Giovani Impresa, ha finora promosso e realizzato un'originale ricognizione empirica sui giovani agricoltori italiani associati alla Coldiretti, sfociata nel volume Tracce di futuro di Domenico Cersosimo (Donzelli, 2012), e un primo Rapporto sull'età delle classi dirigenti italiane, presentato nel corso dell'Assemblea Nazionale Coldiretti Giovani Impresa (Roma, maggio 2012), che ha suscitato una vasta risonanza sui mass-media nazionali.Aseguito dell'interesse pubblico per i dati e le analisi contenute nel Rapporto, nel Laboratorio giovani è stato attivato da qualche mese uno specifico “Osservatorio sulla qualità delle élite dirigenti italiane”, con l'intenzione di avviare e realizzare ricerche e analisi periodiche su aspetti rilevanti e caratterizzanti la formazione, la riproduzione e il rendimento istituzionale delle leadership nel nostro Paese. L'obiettivo è di monitorare i cambiamenti emergenti che affiorano nei gruppi dirigenti nazionali in rapporto ai processi di ricambio generazionale e all'apertura di opportunità per le nuove generazioni. Una nuova occasione di approfondimento e riflessione sui giovani è offerta da questo Quaderno, che raccoglie alcune analisi sui giovani agricoltori italiani oggi e su alcune politiche pubbliche, nazionali e comunitarie, per il sostegno e la diffusione di imprese agricole giovanili. Nell'Introduzione, di Domenico Cersosimo, viene tracciata un'ampia panoramica della “questione giovanile” italiana, che fornisce lo sfondo tematico entro cui si collocano i successivi contributi specifici. I giovani italiani sono in sensibile ridimensionamento demografico da circa un trentennio a causa di un preoccupante “invecchiamento dal basso” alimentato dall'accentuato declino della natalità. Nonostante siano numericamente “pochi” e più istruiti, i giovani hanno grandi difficoltà nel mercato del lavoro, che si manifestano sotto forma di elevata e prolungata disoccupazione, precarietà occupazionale generalizzata e diffusione dei cosiddetti Neet (Not in education, employment or training), soggetti che non lavorano, non studiano e non sono in formazione. A differenza degli altri Paesi sviluppati dell'Europa, in Italia non esiste un sistema di welfare tarato sui bisogni delle nuove generazioni, in particolare sono praticamente assenti istituti a protezione dei rischi indotti dall'essere impiegati prevalentemente in lavori occasionali, saltuari, a scarsa tutela e a basso reddito. Accade così che le esigenze di flessibilità di sistema vengano scaricate soprattutto sui giovani, accentuando l'iniquità intergenerazionale. Lo scarso interesse delle classi dirigenti nei confronti delle nuove generazioni produce evidenti svantaggi per i giovani in termini di minori opportunità di realizzazione individuale ma implica una penalizzazione ancor più evidente per l'intero Paese, in quanto lo priva del formidabile potenziale innovativo dei giovani. Dunque, attive politiche pubbliche per la valorizzazione delle nuove generazioni rappresentano allo stesso tempo un'occasione per riequilibrare chances di lavoro e di vita tra le generazioni e una spinta allo sviluppo economico e sociale italiano. Il saggio, in particolare, discute e valuta le proposte di riforma della Politica agricola comune (Pac) dell'Ue, relative ai giovani agricoltori, per il nuovo periodo di programmazione comunitaria 20142020, anche alla luce dei risultati conseguiti nel passato. La disamina di dettaglio delle proposte in discussione configura uno scenario di sostanziale continuità delle agevolazioni e degli strumenti di intervento utilizzati nel ciclo di programmazione che sta per concludersi. In riferimento al primo pilastro, infatti, la nuova Pac prevede un rafforzamento dell'accesso preferenziale ai titoli di riserva per i giovani che si insediano in azienda per la prima volta e una misura aggiuntiva di intervento di agevolazione complementare per una durata massima di cinque anni. Più interessanti sembrano le proposte per le politiche di sviluppo rurale, che prevedono l'identificazione nei singoli Piani di sviluppo rurale (Psr) di specifici sottoprogrammi finalizzati al sostegno dei giovani agricoltori, potenzialmente composti da un insieme di misure tra loro integrate: premi di primo insediamento, agevolazioni per investimenti in immobilizzazioni tecniche, servizi di consulenza e di assistenza tecnica aziendale, trasferimento di conoscenze e di informazioni, incentivi per investimenti in attività extraagricole.

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Sécurité hydrique de la Tunisie : gérer l'eau en conditions de pénurie / Mustapha Besbes, Jamel Chahed, Abdelkader Hamdane. - Paris : L'harmattan, 2014. - 354 p. ; 24 cm.

Le projet hydraulique tunisien a transformé le paysage physique et social du pays et scellé de nouvelles solidarités inter-régionales. Mais la mobilisation quasi totale des ressources hydrauliques, l'eau bleue, marque la fin d'une époque : ce livre montre comment le changement du paradigme de l'eau est devenu une nécessité urgente et apporte des éléments pour de nouvelles politiques adaptées aux possibilités hydriques réelles. Le cas tunisien est un support pour donner au lecteur une information à caractère universel.

Available: P10- 346

L' acqua in agricoltura : gestione sostenibile della pratica irrigua / a cura di Marcello Mastrorilli. - Milano : Edagricole, 2015. - XVIII, 403 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.

In Italia, come nella maggior parte dei Paesi della Terra, l'Agricoltura, rispetto agli altri settori produttivi, utilizza più acqua. Entro il 2030, impiegando meno acqua, ogni sistema colturale dovrà produrre il 50% in più di alimenti e biomasse. Questa prospettiva diventa ancora più ardua se si considera che le risorse idriche saranno sempre meno disponibili in agricoltura, per la crescente pressione dell'urbanizzazione e per i diversificati usi industriali, ma anche per le conseguenze dei cambiamenti climatici. In questo dinamico e mutevole scenario, le conoscenze scientifiche e gli strumenti tecnici risultano indispensabili per aumentare l'efficienza d'uso dell'acqua, migliorare la gestione idrica e preservare gli ecosistemi. Il volume “L'acqua in agricoltura” analizza questi argomenti riportando principi e metodi integrati per utilizzare le risorse idriche in modo sostenibile.

Available: P01-489

Terre et mer : ressources vitales pour la Méditerranée / edited by Cosimo Lacirignola. Paris : L'Harmattan, 2015. - 184 p. ; 22 cm. - (Bibliothèque de l'iReMMO / collection dirigéè par Pierre Blanc et Bruno Péquignot ; 19). - Préface de Cosimo Lacirignola. - ISBN 978-2343-059099 Dans un contexte mondial marqué par de nouvelles tensions géostratégiques, l'augmentation de la population et la montée des inégalités (socioéconomiques et spatiales), l'accès aux ressources naturelles (eau et terre) et à l'alimentation demeure au coeur des débats contemporains. A travers cet ouvrage collectif centré sur l'espace méditerranéen, les auteurs se proposent d'analyser les dynamiques d'une activité agricole certes sous contraintes et à forts enjeux politiques, mais ouverte aux innovations et aux adaptations pour répondre aux défis de la durabilité du développement. La sécurité alimentaire en Méditerranée est fragile. Elle peut toutefois s'améliorer en luttant contre les gaspillages, en préservant les sols, en valorisant davantage les produits de la mer et en responsabilisant le comportement des acteurs. Ces enjeux sont abordés dans cet ouvrage qui s'inscrit dans le cadre des réflexions sur une croissance qui soit plus inclusive en Méditerranée, mais aussi plus verte et plus bleue. Le potentiel socio-économique des secteurs agricoles et halieutiques doit en effet être considéré à sa juste valeur stratégique à l'aune de la définition des Objectifs du Développement Durable et de la mise en place de l'Agenda post- 2015. En Méditerranée, il est temps de questionner nos habitudes alimentaires et notre responsabilità sociale et environnementale face aux ressources vitales que sont la terre et la mer.

Highlights: Mediterranean Region : too many people, too little land / Pandi Zdruli, Nicola Lamaddalena. - p. 13-22.

The Mediterranean is the place where Europe, Asia and Africa meet each other. Despite their cultural, political, social and economic differences all the countries ofthe region share a common feature: inherent scarcity of land and water and a continuous growing threat from climate change as the region becomes hotter and drier associated with increasing extreme climatic events and biodiversity loss. Furthermore, great disparities are evident between the Northern and South Eastern Mediterranean countries, with the latest dealing with a faster growing population in an area where land and water resources

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are even scarcer. Predictions show that by 2020 the North Africa and the Middle East (MENA) countries may have more than 30CM people compared with the overall Mediterranean population of about 535 M, which is double of what it was in 1960.

In 2020, Egypt, the most densely populated country in the region that grow crops in less than 5% of its land could reach 100 M and by 2050 could even get close to 150 M. Additionally, in all the countries from Morocco to Turkey the annual population growth rate stands at 2.35% meaning that population is increasing with 3.9 M people each year. This rate is five times higher than the one in the Northern Mediterranean countries. Let's remember that in 1990, Egypt, France, Italy and Turkey had more or less the same number of inhabitants (between 55 and 57 M). Then, there is the pressure from the tourism industry with about 300 M international and internal visitors each year spending their holidays in the region. This means almost doubling “population� especially during the summer months. A typical example is Malta, a country with less than half million people, accommodating yearly 1.2 M tourists. Out of 854 M ha of the region's terrestrial area, only 118 M (or 14%) are suitable for agricultural production. This figure in MENA drops at 5% and in extreme cases such as Libya is less than 2%. Other land uses include natural pastures/rangelands (ca. 15%), forests and woodlands (ca. 8%) and the remaining 63% includes desert sands, shallow, rocky, saline, sodic soils and areas sealed by urbanisation. The Mediterranean coast host about I M ha of wetlands, many of them of particular ecological and environmental value, but under continuous anthropic pressures that threaten their very own survival. Globally, the Mediterranean land area covers 6.3% of the Earth's land mass, 3.7% of natural pastures and rangelands, 1.9% of forests and woodlands, 8.6% of areas with limited biomass potential or sealed by urbanisation and only 7.9% of total agriculture lands despite hosting in 2013 about 14% of the global population. A decade ago, the overall ecological footprint in the Mediterranean countries reached 1.3 billion global hectares (gha), almost 10 percent of the worldwide footprint, while the Mediterranean population was less than 9 percent of the world's population. The ecological footprint of 3 gha/inhabitant is higher than the world's average ecological footprint of 2.2 gha/inhabitant and the region's ecological deficit (i.e. 1.7 gha/inhabitant) is more than four times greater than the world's ecological deficit of 0.4 gha/inhabitant indicating that current economic development trends in the Mediterranean are not sustainable. Land degradation is a severe problem in most Mediterranean countries due to adverse natural conditions and human mismanagement. One of the most severe problems is soil sealing especially along the coast as 40% of it was already cemented in 2012 but this figure could reach 50% in 2050. Data from Italy show that during the period of 2000-2010 more than 300,000 ha of agricultural land were lost to urbanization. In 2012 the Greater Cairo area accounting for about 20 million people, 65% of them living in the so-called informal areas, was ten times bigger than in 1950.

Land use change and land tenure : the main drivers of land degradation in Lebanon / Mouin HamzĂŠ, Talal Darwish. p. 33-40.

A review of land cover and land use change for the last two decades using Landsat and lkonos imagery showed significant loss of arable lands at the national level reaching 31000 ha by chaotic urban sprawl. This expansion occurred at the account of prime productive lands. The degradation of the agricultural sector is associated with land fragmentation and polarization of possessions. Land tenure and market conditions with 33% of large farmers owning or renting and permanently farming more than 49% of cultivated lands accelerated the migration from rural areas to overcrowded city suburbs multiplying the socioeconomic problems of poor and deprived population. Despite this situation, agriculture secures 7% of national income, 20%-30% of employment and represents about 17% of the value of exports. However, up to 20% of national debt is due to imported agricultural products.

Soil sustains life: too slow to form, too quick to loose : proceedings of International Conference on Soil : held in Tirana, Albania, 04-06 May 2015. - Tirana : Agricultural University of Tirana, 2015. - 274 p. ; 26 cm. - ISBN 978-9928-110-58-9 Future land development faces many challenges. A firm knowledge base on impacts and mitigation is needed. This conference presents recent Albanian and international research and practice on all aspects of land issues. The conservation of soil, water, and related natural resources has become an important part of the national polices of many countries in the last decade. The most pressing and urgent need for humanity would be to support sustainable land and water management and preserve biodiversity while achieving substantial economic, environmental and social benefits. The sustainable soil management can increase productivity particularly by improving water use efficiency, optimizing nutrient cycles and their supply for crop production, enhancing vegetation cover, and increasing food security and food safety. The International Conference on Soil (ICOS) is held by the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of Land issues. It also provided the premier interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary forum for researchers, practitioners, policy makers, educators and other stakeholders to present and discuss the most recent innovations solutions adopted in the field of sustainable land and water management for preserving the biodiversity while achieving substantial economic, environmental and social benefits. This book comprises the abstracts of the presentations for the platform and poster sessions of the International Conference on Soil (ICOS) conducted at the Agricultural University of Tirana from 4-7 May 2015, in Tirana, Albania.

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Highlights:

The Mediterranean is undergoing tremendous political, economic, social and environmental changes and many challenges lie ahead but fears are that food security may be the next major “trouble”. The region is best described for its limited natural resources especially land and water, its rich biodiversity and by high population growth rates especially in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region. Only 14% of the land in the Mediterranean region is suitable for crop production but this figure drops to 5% in the MENA and in extreme cases such as Libya is less than 2%. All the rest of the land is either dry, desert, rocky, saline, eroded or sealed by urbanization. The situation along the coast, where much of the best soils are located is even worst as 40 % of the Mediterranean coast is already urbanized and if such trends continue by 2050 50% of the coastal croplands would be lost from agriculture use. Paradoxically, population is increasing at much higher rate in the MENA where land and water resources are extremely limited. Climate change effects are already taking their toll as the region is becoming drier and hotter imposing considerable negative consequences on crop production, biodiversity loss, reduction of ecosystems services and overall compromised environmental sustainability. The present situation for the MENA countries shows that even by the most optimistic scenarios, not only at present, but also on the medium and long term periods the region can't meet the goal of being self-food sufficient through its own agricultural production and hence food-safe. These countries will continue to rely on food imports compensated largely from the fossil fuel exports and tourism revenues as long as these sources would be available. Widespread land degradation and desertification but especially the inefficient and inequitable use of water, lie at the roots of many problems the region is facing, and yet, effective solutions remain elusive.

The nexus between soil quality and its relationship with food security in the Mediterranean indicate that natural resource degradation often receive a “back seat” position in the Governmental agendas. It can be reversed however, if it is caught up early and there is a political will to stop it. Research results show that there are many options available for its recovery through sustainable land and water management, biodiversity conservation, efficient use of energy sources and mitigation/adaptation actions to climate change.

Implementation of G2 model for mapping monthly soil erosion in Ishmi-Erzeni watershed, Albania / Spartak Koci, Pandi Zdruli, C. Karydas, Fatbardh Sallaku. - p. 34-35.

This study was focused on soil erosion assessment in the Ishmi Erzeni watershed in Albania applying a new modelling approach named the G2 model. The model provides estimates of actual soil loss at monthly basis. Critical seasons, erosion hot spots (risky areas) and high-risky land uses were identified and the spatial distribution of soil loss rates under different biophysical conditions was evaluated and mapped. The G2 model was developed within the Geoland2 project as an agroenvironmental tool by the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) initiative. This is the second study applying this model after been originally implemented in the cross-borders Strymonas river basin located in SE Europe. G2 follows a data-driven methodology based on the principles of USLE-family models but enriched with alternatives in case of low data availability. Rainfall and soil properties data have been collected in Ishmi-Erzeni watershed covering an area of 2,200 km2. Vegetation layers were derived from SPOT-Vegetation sensor, downloaded from the GMIES portal, while land use information was extracted from a Landsat-7 TM image; the same image was used to estimate slope intercept. Terrain properties were calculated from a 250-in digital elevation model (DEM) of the area. Innovations of G2 consider the 'storm' factor, which differentiates monthly rain erosivity when rainfall intensity data are not available. Furthermore incorporate biophysical parameters (BIOPAR data) for calculating the V factor (vegetation C factor of USLE) and use satellite imagery for calculating the I factor (interception, analogous to P factor of USLE). In addition, 47 soil samples were collected to provide the needed data for the S factor (K factor of USLE). The study concluded that despite overall high rainfall rates and rugged terrain on the eastern part of the Ishmi Erzeni watershed thanks to its vivid vegetation cover, the watershed showed to be only moderately vulnerable to soil erosion, with a mean annual value of 6.5 t/ha. However, 18% of the area is facing an annual risk of more than 10 t/ha, which is considered to be above the sustainable threshold for Albania. Winter months appear to be the more risky, as a result of high amount of precipitation and low vegetation coverage. In terms of vegetation cover, areas covered by coniferous and mixed forests, as well as the mountainous agricultural land, appear to be the most at risk to erosion compared with other forms of land use. There are many other areas throughout Albania where the situation is much worse, especially in the North Eastern part of the country, where erosion rates are considerably higher. In conclusion, the applied approach, namely G2 model proved to be necessary and efficient for assessing erosion and predicting monthly figures. Future research should be focused on conducting an Albania-wide erosion mapping estimate using the G2 model.

Land consolidation as a tool for sustainable rural development in Albania / Roland Cela, Valbona Skendri, Shkelqim Fortuzi, Irfan Tarelli, Fatbardh Sallaku. - p. 91-92.

Land use and land policy issues lay at the heart of the proper economic, social and physical development of the Albania country. Progress in many inter-related spheres-such as economic development, social stability, investment in physical facilities, agricultural sustainability, environmental protection, urban growth and management-requires a clear and transparent legal and administrative system to be in place to regulate competing property and other interests. The distribution of agricultural land during the land reform in the early 1990s created a structure of small and fragmented landholdings.

According to the Statistical Yearbook of MAFCP (2011), in Albania there were about 388,697 farm families, the average area of family farms being of 1.26 ha of owned land divided in 4.7 parcels and the average area of parcel being of 0.27 ha. The total area of the agriculture land of 695,000 ha comprises 24% of the entire territory of the country. Out of the total agriculture area, 561,000 ha or 81% is under private ownership and 134,000 ha or 19% is under public (state) ownership. The Land

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The nexus between soil quality and food security in the Southern Mediterranean region / Cosimo Lacirignola, Pandi Zdruli, Nicola Lamaddalena. - p. 32-33.

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Reform of 1991, which brought a radical change in land tenure and property rights on agriculture land (from state to private ownership), is one of the biggest and most important reforms implemented in Albania so far. Through the application of the Law No. 7501 “on Land�, the land was divided on an equal basis among cooperative members and state farm workers according to soil quality and productivity and the number of family members registered in the civil registry in August, 1991.

It is widely recognized, that the current farm structure depicting small farm holdings and scattered parcels does not only affect the agriculture sector but likewise obstruct spatial planning and territorial organization especially in terms of land administration, land use planning and land resource management. Decision-makers from both the public and private sector are faced with limited possibilities and alternatives to allocate scarce resources. This hampers the implementation of rural regional development policies, strategies, programs and projects aimed to improve rural livelihoods. The land reform had positive impacts as it transferred a critically important asset to rural families. However, the resulting high level of fragmentation and small size of farms lead to the decrease of the agricultural production, use of inadequate farming technologies, soil degradation and other negative impacts over the agricultural sector with major negative effects on the rural population. Poor rural infrastructure and low incomes in rural areas is a major cause of migration of population toward urban areas and abroad. The overall objective of this paper is to provide the methodology as well as the approaches followed in local level scale for the pilot land consolidation activities in central part of Albania. This is done in a way that has contributed to the sustainable, inclusive and gender and socially equitable development of the rural and agricultural sector, economic growth, enhanced food security and reduction of poverty, rational use of natural resources, environmental protection and restoration of natural areas.

The management and monitoring of soil fertility in organic agriculture as a basic request for organic farms in the Mediterranean area / Pandeli Pasko, Donato Mondelli, Maurizio Raeli, Vincenzo Verrastro, Fatbardh Sallaku. - p.

111-112.

The conservation of organic matter is one of basic principles for the development of organic agriculture, along to producing healthy food and preservation of nature as a whole. The soil fertility and soil fertility items are present in all holistic definitions of organic farming, e.g. IFOAM (soil life), USA (soil quality conservation), EU (health of soil) and Australia (caring for earth). At the same time, the soil fertility is also one of main motivations to shift to Organic Farming among EU farmers. Organic food production cannot be separated from the conservation of soil fertility and historically the 'Organic farming begun with the aim to health the soil' and the key to successful farming therefore, was to feed the soil, not the plant.

Consequently, the list of permissible inputs has been compiled in relation to soil fertility and duly reflected in organic Standards. Though the organic matter incorporation is part of organic farm practices, it is affirmed that 'the difficulty in increasing the organic matter content in some environments may threaten the sustainability of organic farm systems'. Many organic farms situated in the Mediterranean areas with high temperatures and low precipitations have to face seriously this problem and not fail in increasing soil organic matter. Along to the abundant information of organic matter increase in organic farms, the information coming from long term trial fields observing organic matter changes in different rotation systems an agronomic systems, e.g. organic versus conventional, do not always confirm the sustainability of organic system The fact that the data come mostly from temperate area in Europe and in USA permit us assume the importance of managing the conservation of soil fertility in the organic farms of the Mediterranean area. Although the soil analysis is considered an essential tool for organic farmers (IOTA), there is no legal obligation or advice in voluntary bases to organic farms for systematically management of soil organic matter as it happens for quality characteristics of organic food. Given that the organic fanning systems depend on soil fertility, the monitoring of soil fertility in organic farms mainly through soil analysis of organic matter is strongly recommended for organic farms, especially for semi-arid and high temperature areas where the rate of mineralization of organic matter is higher, because 'the improvement of soil fertility need to be demonstrated rather than simply claimed'.

The continuous decrement of agriculture land area in Albania and the example of estate indivisibility in the mountainous area of south Tyrol / Pandeli Pasko, Fatbardh Sallaku, Seit Shallari. - p. 176-177.

The agriculture land area in Albania has incurred considerable changes during the last century from agronomic and social point of view. After the 1946 year, generally thanks to reclaim of swamp areas, forests, lawns and pastures - the agriculture land of Albania increased quickly by 53 and 17% every two decades (1950/1970/1990); by 1990 this area was more than double compared to 1946 or 704 000 ha and that of arable land up 579 000 ha. In relative terms the area pro capita increased to 0,32 ha/capita by 1950, but decreased up to 0,21 ha/capita by 1990 due to higher increase of population. The relatively large estates, set up by forced collectivization, failed to implement advanced technology, but the way they were fragmented in about 350 000 household of 1,2 ha, put grave problems of land use, conservation arid management. The further division of small households between family members and the increase of the occupation of agriculture area with buildings (generally for familiar use) is a potential risk for further decrease of agriculture area. The risks coming from the repeated division of agricultural households have been faced in different ways from centuries, but they have not always been successful especially in mountainous areas. In Italy there are visible the consequences of two different ways in resolving this question.

The continuous household division in Piemonte mountainous area has been accompanied by the abandon of vast areas as non-efficient for agriculture activities. In the contrary, in South Tyrol (Alto Adige) mountainous area, the households are is still cultivated. This is mainly due to the institution of the 'indivisible estate or household' since 1404 year and then in 1502 by the Austrian Law on land. This law has avoided the land fragmentation and has permitted the survival of agriculture in the mountainous areas. The emigration from these areas has also been restrained. These laws have been continuously updated and renewed e.g. in 28.11.2001 in the framework of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano. The basis of this law is the conservation of the entity of household and its inheritance to only one of the heirs given he or she is willing to develop

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agriculture activities. Such experience could be highly interesting for Albania and an option for land conservation considering the land a common resource.

Currently Albania has a national soil database at 1:250,000 scale and more detailed soil database for the coastal areas only at scale 1:50,000. Inceptisols and Alfisols cover approximately 50% of the area followed by Mollisols and Entisols with about 15%. The terrain in Albania is complex and steep making it ideal for mapping soils based on terrain attributes derived from elevation data. There is need for more detailed soil maps for resource management. The objective of this work was to produce a preliminary detailed soil map at scales 1:24,000-1:50,000 based on landscape models using terrain attributes and landform classification schemes derived from ASTER 30m elevation data. Initially, geologic parent material maps and climate were used to divide the country in similar regions. Terrain attributes were used to further divide each region in similar landforms tat were further classified into landform components that typically are associated with specific soils. This classification provided the first raster based map that could be used for field planning of soil survey and validation.

Morphological, physical and chimical properties of deposol and natural soils in eastern Herzegovina / Vesna Tunguz, Goran Perkovic, Ljiljana Nesic, Hamid El Bilali, Milivoj Belic, Ljubisa Cvijic. - p. 244-245.

Land is one of the most important natural resources. Uncontrolled use of land by technical stakeholders in most cases leads to its permanent loss. These processes reduce even more limited areas for crop production, and thus increases the dependence of food and other plant products. In the process of coal exploitation and thermal power operation, soil damage occurs by means of surface mines, material disposal (tailings, slag and ashes) as well as by sedimentation of aeroprecipitates created at the operation of the thermal power plant. This paper presents the results of a detailed field and laboratory analysis of morphological, physical and chemical properties of deposol and natural autochthonous soils near to the dump with the aim to characterize the soil damage. In relation to the autochthonous soil, deposols are characterized by a greater depth of solum, heavier mechanical composition, increased alkalinity and carbonate status and lower contents of humus and overall nitrogen.

This paper presents the results of measurement the activity concentration of natural radionuclides 40K, 238U, 226Ra, 232Th in the samples of deposol and black soil on firm limestone. Concentrations of natural radionuclides were determined by gamma spectrometry using a HPGe detector. The results of spectrometry of gamma emitters of the samples indicate that the concentration of radionuclides is of the same order of magnitude as in the thermal power stations in other countries (UNSCEAR), so that it can be concluded that deposols can be recultivated with adequate measures. It has been ascertained that due to the proximity of the dump there have been no changes ift the properties of autochthonous soil near the dump.

Because of the noticed erodibility of the southern side of the dump, biological recultivation-greening (grass planting) is recommended with the aim to prevent erosion, and that would, at the same time, provide the stabilization of slope, as well as ecological protection and aesthetic effect.

Soil labouring machinery in Albania : present and future aspects / Biagio Bianchi, Fatbardh Sallaku, Cosimo Lacirignola, Pandeli Pasko. - p. 268-269.

The transition of Albanian agriculture after 1990-ies, along to drastic changes in the socio-economic field (land reform, open market, etc.) has been accompanied with enormous changes of its mechanics agriculture park. From prevailing chain heavy tractors (DT 55, DT 75) used to work for soil labour in plain area and less in hilly area, it was passed to wheel tractors, designed to enhance the profitability of large scale farming, pulling and powering various farm implements: trailer, cultivator or harrow, plough, various seeders and harvesters. In 696 000 ha of agricultural land (in which 409 800 ha field crops and the rest of about 286 000 ha vines, fruit and olive groves). Part of this area has been abandoned for several years or not been sufficiently worked and could be used for fruit crops and vines. At present, based in FAO data, in Albania there are 8 633 tractors. Only the last years there were bought from Italy more than 200 tractors. In designing the new park characteristics more convenient for Albanian conditions relative to soil characteristics, climatic conditions and small size holdings (1.2 ha) and parcels (0,26 ha), it is needed to take into consideration that the tractors originate from different countries and there is a lack of 'ecological' ploughs. Where new generation machinery for soil labour are not in use and especially in soils with high clay content the consequences of continuous use of old machinery can bring soil compaction, formation of a deep crust which prevents the roots to absorb efficiently the nutritive and water resources and also increase of fungal and bacterial diseases, reducing of capillary action. In the present situation for the specific conditions of Albania it can be suggested (a) to revise the situation and adapt the tractors also to hilly and mountainous relief; (b) to introduce specific methods/accessories which can be adopted to hilly /mountainous conditions; (c) to study technical and mechanical solutions to allow the tractor to develop bearing surface suited to the load and the ground and (d) set up hiring centres and associations for common use of tractors and their accessories. On the other hand, the engine power of the tractors cannot be reduced too much, because it would also reduce the working width of the accessories and increase production costs. Some preliminary solutions to be accompanied with technical and economic feasibility studies could be: (a) use of extra-large tyres compatible with the registration certificate of the agricultural machine; (b) low tyre pressure, studying correct ratios and (c) track systems, to reduce the soil compression below 600 g/cm2.

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Land and Water management

Digital soil mapping for a detailed Albania soil map / Zamir Libohova, Sokrat Sinaj, Pandi Zdruli, Niko Qafoku. - p.

209.

news

from the Library

CENTRO DOCUMENTALE - ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI

Integrated Pest Management

Afechtal M., Djelouah K., Cocuzza G., D'Onghia A. M. Large scale survey of Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) and its aphid vectors in Morocco. – pp. 753-758.

In: Sabater-Muñoz B., Moreno P., Peña L., Navarro L. (eds.). XII International Citrus Congress - International Society of Citriculture. Vol. 2. Acta horticulturae, 1065.

A large scale survey of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and its vectors was carried out in the main Moroccan citrus growing areas (Souss, Gharb, Moulouya, Tadla, Haouz and Loukkos). A total of 5,192 plants from commercial groves, nurseries and varietal collections were analyzed by DTBIA. In the groves, about 25% of the tested trees proved to be CTV-infected, with the highest incidence in the Loukkos region that showed a 60% of infection rate. Few infected trees were detected in the Souss and Gharb regions and no CTV infection was found in the remaining sites. A survey for CTV vectors in the Gharb and Loukkos regions showed that Aphis spiraecola and A. gossypii were the most abundant aphid species, accounting for 56 and 33% of the total aphid population, respectively, while no evidence for the presence of Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) was observed. Sequencing of the coat protein gene from six Moroccan CTV isolates revealed that five of them showed high nucleotide identity with the Spanish mild isolate T385 and the other, from Loukkos, had high similarity with the 19-21 severe Portuguese CTV strain.

Available: http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?session=27833

Quality control and production of biological control agents : theory and testing procedures / edited by J.C. van Lenteren. - New York : CABI, 2003. - X, 327 p. ; 26 cm.

The use of biological control agents has been increasing worldwide and there are now many companies mass-producing such organisms, particularly for the control of insect pests. However, there is a great need for quality control in the production and use of these natural enemies, which include insect parasitoids and predators, fungi and viruses. This book has been written by leading scientists from Europe and North America to provide both background theory and practical guidance on this subject.

Available: H10-115

Les clémentiniers et autres petits agrumes / Camille Jacquemond, Franck Curk, Marion Heuzet, coord. - Versailles : Quae. - 363 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

Cet ouvrage raconte l'histoire du clémentinier et présente la synthèse des connaissances actuelles (origine, diffusion, variétés, porte-greffes, évolution des marchés, physiologie, maladies biotiques et abiotiques, insectes ravageurs…). Il propose également des itinéraires techniques de conception et de gestion d'un verger, depuis la multiplication des plants jusqu'au conditionnement des fruits, en passant par les moyens de protection sanitaire et les techniques culturales.

Available : F01-414

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Con questo volume l'Inea si pone l'obiettivo di fornire un contributo alla comprensione delle dinamiche che hanno determinato la crescente attenzione verso le biomasse, al ruolo del settore agricolo nella loro produzione, alle politiche che possono accompagnarne lo sviluppo, agli aspetti economici ed ambientali connessi. I primi due capitoli affrontano i temi della sicurezza energetica, della necessità di ridurre le emissioni di gas ad effetto serra e dell'obiettivo della diversificazione dei redditi agricoli come principali motivazioni alla base della crescente attenzione della politica, dell'economia e dell'opinione pubblica alla produzione, sia su scala globale che a livello locale, di biomassa per la produzione di energia, ripercorrendo le principali tappe a livello internazionale e comunitario. I tre capitoli successivi analizzano le tematiche economiche e politiche relative alla biomassa agricola e forestale, distinguendo da un lato la filiera dei biocarburanti liquidi destinati ai trasporti, di cui si discute nei capitoli 3 e 4, dall'altro la biomassa solida e gassosa destinata alla produzione di elettricità e calore, le cui problematiche sono analizzate nel capitolo 5.

Available: P06-43

Il *campionamento dell'artropodofauna per il monitoraggio ambientale : applicazioni per la valutazione dell'impatto ambientale delle piante geneticamente modificate / a cura di Giovanni Burgio ...[et al.]. - Frascati : ENEA, 2013. - 137 p. ; 30 cm.

Il Progetto MAN-GMP-ITA, che vede impegnati il CRA, l'ISPRA, l'Università di Bologna, il Consorzio In.Bio, oltre l'ENEA, ha l'obiettivo di valutare il rischio dell'esposizione a Piante OGM in aree protette e sensibili in diversi areali del nostro Paese. La ricerca non utilizza piante geneticamente modificate per la sperimentazione in campo. L'obiettivo, infatti, è assumere informazioni dettagliate dei livelli preesistenti di biodiversità nelle aree da proteggere per poter poi fissare con precisione gli obiettivi di protezione ambientale ed elaborare e proporre una metodologia per monitorare e gestire i possibili effetti sulla biodiversità.

Il presente manuale “Il campionamento dell'artropodofauna per il monitoraggio ambientale” rappresenta un deliverable del Progetto e nel contempo contribuisce a fornire alla comunità scientifica uno strumento sviluppato secondo regole e metodologie in linea con gli attuali canoni scientifici condivisi ed applicabili ad analisi ecologiche dell'artropodofauna anche in ambiti diversi.

Available: F01-416

Luigi Sisto e-mail: l.sisto@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606265 Giuseppe Inchingolo e-mail: inchingolog@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606269 Wanda Occhialini e-mail: occhialini@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606266 Fabio La Notte e-mail: lanotte@iamb.it Tel.080/4606358

Responsabile: A cura di:

Progetto grafico:

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Sustainable Agriculture

Bioenergie : quali opportunità per l'agricoltura italiana / a cura di Annalisa Zezza. Napoli : Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2008. - 335 p. ; 24 cm (( In testa al front.: INEA, Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria