Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

Opening Stor y

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

An anthropologist who studies cultures of African tribes made the children of one tribe run a race.

“I’ll give a prize to the one who arrives to that tree as first place!”

The prize was a basket full of delicious cookies and chips that the African children have never tried before. The anthropologist thought that the children would run with their best efforts in order to take first place. Contrary to expectation, the children ran together side by side holding hands with each other. The children who arrived at the finishing line together shared the cookies and chips with each other. When the anthropologist asked them if they wanted to have all the cookies for themselves by taking the first place, the children answered in one voice.

“Ubuntu!”

“If I take all the cookies by myself, then my other friends will be sad. How I can be happy by myself?” * Ubuntu: An expression in Bantu language meaning “I am because we are.” It is an ideology of African tradition, and the ideological root of African peace movement.

Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

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1. Law-Abiding Spirit: Basis of Law

I sometimes wish that people would put a little more emphasis upon the observance of the law than they do upon its enforcement.

Calvin Coolidge (Former President of USA, 1872-1933)

Would laws be needed to a person who lives alone in a deserted island?

Rules that must be kept are not needed for a person who lives alone in a place where there is no one. However, if there is one other person living in that place together, then they will have to set up rules that need to be kept. Humanity that lived by hunting and gathering faced a great change as it became an agricultural society. Agriculture made the people live a sedentary life, and a village community was created. The surplus produce made by the agricultural society invent the idea of “private property.”

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

The surplus produce and a desire to possess “private property” created a conflict among individuals and groups. This became a cause of conflicts and wars, great and small.

Like this, as people started to form communities, the understanding and desire between individual and individual, groups and groups collided. If this collision is not mediated, then there will be only disorder and a chaotic society. So, binding law was needed in order to realize justice, ensure security, protect rights and interests, and maintain order in a community.

A law is made of promises and morals in order for many people to live peacefully by establishing order in a community.

MEMO

Law-Abiding Spirit: Basis of Law

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1. The Role of Law People can live a safe and peaceful life by solving conflicts that occur among each other through law. Also, law became the standard to punish those who did wrong or did not keep the law. The law performs a function to maintain social order.

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Preventing and solving conflicts

Maintaining social order

It performs a role to solve conflicts between people fairly.

It maintains social order so that people cannot do unjust acts to create a peaceful society.

Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

2. Features of Law A law which has a binding force is greatly differentiated from ethics, morals, and customs. A law is more powerful than any other social norm existing within a country, and has the power to control acts against public interests.

Classification

Law

Morals

Purpose

Realization of Justice

Realization of Virtue

Regulation Target

Results of Acts

Conscience and Motive

Observance Basis

With Force

With Free Will

In Case of Violation

Punished by State

Criticized by Society, Guilty Conscience

*Binding : An effect which restricts free acts through laws, contracts, regulations, treaties, etc.

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3. Law-abiding Spirit and Examples Even though a law exists, if the one that needs to keep the law does not keep the law, then it is meaningless. The value of the law is in its lawabidingness. For this law-abidingness, one must have the law-abiding spirit first. The law-abiding spirit should be on the basis of the heart, willing to live in peace and harmony within a community.

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

[ A Policeman Who Kept the Rules ] There was one incident with Winston Churchill, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, made his driver drive in a hurry.

A traffic officer who checked speeding vehicles made the car stop. Then, the driver yelled at the policeman. “Prime Minister Churchill is in the car.” The policeman answered, “But speeding is speeding. I will give you a ticket so please pay the fine.” Prime Minister Churchill was displeased and said to the policeman. “Hey, do you know who I am?” Then the policeman answered, “Yes! You have the similar face as our Prime Minister, but not in how he abides by the law.” Eventually, Prime Minister Churchill had to pay the fine. However, Churchill was deeply impressed by the traffic officer who performed his role faithfully. After Churchill came back to his office, he called the police chief and explained what had happened, and ordered that policeman to get a special promotion. However, the police chief refused the order. “There is no such regulation to give one a special promotion for catching speeding vehicles.” Even though things did not turn out the way that Churchill hoped, but he was satisfied to see the policeman working to follow the rules.

Law-Abiding Spirit: Basis of Law

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Discussion

1. Let’s discuss why law is needed, and the difference between law and morals.

2. Let’s do research and present good cases regarding the law-abiding spirit.

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

2. Citizens of Peace: A Walking Law of Peace

If there is to be peace in the world, there must be peace in the nations.

If there is to be peace in the nations, there must be peace in the cities.

If there is to be peace in the cities, there must be peace between neighbors.

If there is to be peace between neighbors, there must be peace in the home.

If there is to be peace in the home, there must be peace in the heart.

Anonymous

MEMO

Citizens of Peace: A Walking Law of Peace

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What are Character Traits of Peace?

The traits of peace refer to characteristics based on values to achieve peace. We have learned the traits of peace from lessons 5 to 11. A thankful heart towards the grace received, consideration for the benefits of others, sacrifice without compensation, understanding and forgiveness towards others, politeness towards elders, effort to preserve legacy of ancestors, and a law-abiding spirit. We have looked at each trait’s meaning and the ways of practice.

What would happen if we have these traits of peace? We would have the power to overcome greed which is one of the reasons that break order in our society. Furthermore, one would realize his or her own value and exert good influence on others. The restoration of one’s character is connected to the restoration of order in the world, and it becomes an important starting point for world peace.

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

1. I Who Have the Character of Peace : A Walking Law of Peace In the world, there are people who do not keep the law even though they study law. On the other hand, there are people who keep the law by consciousness even though they do not know about the law. People who have the character traits of peace have the law-abiding spirit, and they keep the law voluntarily by following the law of conscious. They sometimes hear from others, “that person can live even without the law.”

They then become a walking law of peace themselves. They become an example to others by abiding the law, and can even teach others to abide by the law. We call these people “citizens of peace.”

In the 20th and 21st centuries, science and technology have developed so much, incomparable to that of the former era. However, the character traits of people and civic consciousness have retrogressed compared to the development of science and technology. The result depends on whom and how science and technology are used. If people use science and technology as a tool of war or threat, then the near future is not so bright. Science and technology are just ways and tools, and the important thing is the philosophy and mindset of how to use the tools. We need “citizens of peace” who have the mindset to use science and technology peacefully for the prosperity of humanity.

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2. Necessity of Citizens of Peace and Their Role Why do we need citizens of peace, and what role can they perform?

Citizens of peace perform the role to stop wars from armed forces by becoming messengers of peace, and become leaders to solve various conflicts by peaceful means. They urge the leaders in their countries and citizens for peace and cessation of war to spread a culture of peace to the world in various ways.

How can citizens of peace contribute to stop wars? Through lessons 3 and 4, we saw that the order of the human world has collapsed in the international society, and the current international law has no legally binding force so it is difficult to solve conflicts in international society with law. Then, who can mediate and solve conflicts in international society? The answer is: the citizens of peace. Any head of state cannot ignore the voices of citizens, and it is difficult to push a policy that all citizens disagree on. The citizens of peace urge leaders of each country to support peace, and deliver voices against wars. They urge people to solve conflicts not with armed forces but by peaceful means.

Then how can people become citizens of peace? It is through peace education. Just like how students learn mathematics and science, if they learn about peace, then they will understand the necessity of peace and reasons why wars must be stopped. They will also understand the process and ways to achieve peace. Through this peace education, if they

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

have understanding of peace, anyone can become a citizen of peace.

Like scientific knowledge is accumulated through education and brings advanced science to the future generation, a culture of peace through peace education will be delivered to the future generation. Like how science and technology do not retrograde, a culture of peace that has spread throughout the world will not retrograde easily. When a culture of peace is spread to all parts of the world, it will be difficult to start a war with the greed of a few. It will be the beginning to achieve a lasting peace.

MEMO

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Discussion

1. Let’s find citizens of peace around us who can live without law and talk about why those people can be called as the citizens of peace.

2. In order to become a citizen of peace, what are the things we need to do, and let’s share our thoughts with others.

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

3. International Document of Peace: Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW)

Everyone in the world hates wars and wants peace, and the answer to achieve this is the DPCW’s 10 articles and 38 clauses. If the DPCW is implemented, then the world will become a peaceful place free of wars.

Peace is not the work of an individual or the work of one company or country.

It is the duty and work of everyone who lives in this global village.

We cannot destroy this beautiful Earth with wars and we cannot lose our lives from wars.

World peace and cessation of war! We can do it if we do it.

All the people around the world want peace more than wars.

We are all one under the Earth. We can if we do it.

Man Hee Lee (HWPL Chairman, South Korea, 1931-Present)

International Document of Peace: Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW)

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1. Necessity of International Legal Document of Peace, DPCW In World War II which ended in 1945, there were about 70 million casualties. The international society realized how dangerous modern warfare that uses nuclear weapons is. So they began to realize the necessity of peace and international order. The United Nations (UN), which has 193 Member States, was founded to make efforts to solve various international conflicts by peaceful means. Even in the UN, various international legal instruments exist, including the International Court of Justice (ICJ), but none of them are legally binding. So, trials are progressed with the agreement of both countries. Despite the efforts of the UN and countries around the world, there are still wars and terrors occurring. Thousands of nuclear weapons that were created after World War II in the Cold War era are possessed by different countries around the world. The power of nuclear weapons are great enough to destroy the Earth many times.

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

Limits of International Law

[Limits of principal agent in implementing international law] No legislative organ transcending States can be found since implementation is done with the agreement between States

[Limits in trial norms] No trial of the International Court of Justice is progressed without the agreement between States in conflict

[Limits in the process of law enforcement] Difficult to impose sanctions on States that do not execute law

International Document of Peace: Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW)

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1) What is the international legal document of peace, DPCW?

The DPCW, comprised of 10 articles and 38 clauses, is an international legal document drafted to end wars completely on Earth and achieve a lasting peace. It was drafted to achieve a complete peace on Earth and leave as a legacy for the future generation.

DPCW Parade

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

2) Why do we need the international legal document of peace, DPCW? First, current international law does not include articles that can end wars completely on Earth. Secondly, peace is not a problem of one country but the problem that should be solved at an international level. Thirdly, a standard is needed for all citizens of peace to keep and monitor. The DPCW becomes the standard of peace, and the citizens of peace become the eyes and ears to monitor and see if the DPCW is kept.

DPCW Parade

International Document of Peace: Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW)

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2. The Value of DPCW’s 10 Articles and 38 Clauses and Its Contents The DPCW’s 10 articles and 38 clauses can be divided into three parts.

Articles 1 to 5 are on the prevention of conflict, articles 6 to 7 are on mediation and resolution of conflict, and articles 8 to 10 are on sustainable peace. The following are the 10 articles of the DPCW.

Article 1 Prohibition of threat or use of force

Dispute settlement

Article 2

Article 7

War potential

Right to self-defense

Article 3 Friendly relations and the prohibition of acts of aggression

Article 4 State boundaries

Article 5 Self-determination

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Article 6

Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

Article 8 Freedom of religion

Article 9 Religion, ethnic identity and peace

Article 10 Spreading a culture of peace

Looking more closely at some articles in the DPCW, Article 1 is about “prohibition of the threat or use of force.” States should refrain from the use of force in all circumstances, other than where permitted by international law, and should condemn aggression as constituting an international crime.

Through four clauses in Article 1, it makes States refrain from the use of force inconsistent with international law.

Article 2 is about “war potential.” States should cooperate for the gradual reduction of armament production and military bases. It is about gradually diminishing trade and production in weapons. It also consists of measures that decommission weapons manufacturing facilities should be repurposed to be beneficial for humanity.

Article 9 is about religion. According to Clause 3 of Article 9, it recognizes the threat of peaceful coexistence that violent religious extremism may cause. Also, States should implement legal measures against individuals or groups attempting to perpetrate or assist in gross and systematic acts of violence in the name of religion.

Article 10 is about “spreading a culture of peace” which suggests practical ways to achieve world peace. According to Clause 1 of Article 10, States should recognize and engage with groups and organizations that seek to further the cause of peace as a global movement.

International Document of Peace: Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW)

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3. Process of Realizing the DPCW ① “Legislate Peace” of Citizens around the World

Peace cannot be sustainable and secured only with certain sectors of society or systems, so HWPL planned out an international legal instrument of peace and various activities to implement the DPCW around the world with civil society.

“Legislate Peace” is a bottom-up campaign to establish an international law of peace and solve numerous conflicts by peaceful means. This campaign is spreading throughout the world with the active participation of civil society. Women and youth of civil society are becoming one and urging their heads of states to carry out appropriate actions. The following are the specific activities:

Contents of activities Signature Project for the DPCW (Collecting signatures and letters supporting the DPCW) Peace Walk Conferences, forums, seminars, and lectures urging support for the DPCW Installing peace monuments and establishing peace museums

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

② National Support and Adoption by the UN General Assembly

HWPL aims to develop the DPCW into a legally binding international document of peace. For this, the DPCW will be introduced to the UN General Assembly as a resolution.

③ Civil Society Acting as Observers

When the DPCW is adopted by the UN General Assembly as a resolution, it will be implemented by having a binding force through international institutions such as the UN and the International Court of Justice. Civil society comprised of citizens of peace will act as observers. The powerful driving force of the DPCW that shows its effectiveness is in the civil society. Especially, the International Women’s Peace Group (IWPG) and International Peace Youth Group (IPYG) play a key role urging for peace and cessation of war.

International Document of Peace: Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW)

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1. Do a research on wars that occurred after the World War II and give a presentation. Let’s find out what was the cause of war, the scale of war, and the result. (Examples: Korean War, Vietnam War, etc.)

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

Discussion

2. If a war breaks out in the location of where you live, what kind of situation will you and your family face? Think about this and discuss it together. Also, think about the things that you can do to prevent wars and discuss.

International Document of Peace: Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW)

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Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace Conclusion Law is the minimum norm for the social order, and the value of law is in its law-abidingness. The law-abiding spirit should be on the basis of the heart, willing to keep the law, maintain order, and protect peace. The law-abiding spirit is one of the traits of peace that can realize peace in the world.

Citizens of peace refer to those who have the traits of peace.

A person becomes a pianist by learning the piano and a person becomes a scientist by learning science. Like this, a person who learns peace education can become a citizen of peace. The citizens of peace urge for the restoration of order in humanity and cessation of war. Also, they act as observers so that peace does not break. Peace is an essential element for the sustainable development of humanity. Therefore, the importance of peace education and citizens of peace is being emphasized more and more.

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Lesson 11 Law-Abiding Spirit and Law of Peace

The DPCW’s 10 articles and 38 clauses are drafted as an international legal document of peace in order to achieve a complete peace. The goal is to have the DPCW be adopted as a legally binding instrument. Various sectors of society including youth and women act as observers to enforce the DPCW. Through the DPCW, cessation of war and world peace will be achieved and it will be left as a legacy to the future generations.

Ladies and gentlemen, take a look at the night sky.

There are so many stars that you cannot even count.

Some people say that there are greater things in the universe than the Earth. However, they have not found a star like the Earth where living things can live.

Should we destroy such a great place like the Earth?

Please think about this. If a war breaks out now, then it will not be a war like those in the past. It will be a war where the Earth will be destroyed completely.

After the war breaks out, what can we do?

Right at this time, we have to put a system so that a war will never occur ever again.

Man Hee Lee (HWPL Chairman, South Korea, 1931-Present)

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