IMPROVISED TEXTURE [Pre-Stressed Mechanism Apply for SURFACE Structural Engineering]

[Natural Systems and Biomimetics Workshop]

IMPROVISED TEXTURE Self-Organized Systems Bio-Inspired from Aurelia aurita Pre-Stressed Mechanism Apply for SURFACE Structural Engineering

Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR)

Emergent Technologies and Design

[SUPER]PERFORMATIVE ARCHITECTURE _TKUA_Spring'19

IMPROVISED TEXTURE Self-Organized Systems Bio-Inspired from Aurelia aurita Pre-Stressed Mechanism Apply for SURFACE Structural Engineering Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR)

[SUPER]Performative Architecture Studio STUDIO LECTURER/MASTER: ShihHwa Hung DESIGN TEAM: ChenYuan Hsieh , Dieter Liao

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 00

INDEX 02

Abstract

04

Introduction Chapter 1

| Aurelia aurita

04

1.1

06

1.2

Self-Healing Strategy

07

1.3

Self-Healing System Anatomy

Aurelia aurita

Chapter 2

|

Abstraction and Analysis

10

2.1

Abstraction from Biology / self-organization

11

2.2

Material System and Methods

16

2.3

Unit Morphology Experiments

22

2.4

Identified Parameters

Chapter 3

|

System Development

27

3.1

Site Condition

28

3.2

Compression Structural Optimization

34

3.3

Cluster[ Regional ] Pre-Stressed Structural system

Chapter 4

|

Further Advancements

36

4.1

Structural system

38

4.2

Lounge Chair

39

4.3

System Deformation

46

4.4

Cluster[ Global ]

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IMPROVISED TEXTURE 02

ABSTRACT

Workshop Brief: We will explore natural systems with variable stiffness, novel jointing strategies and surface adaptability to investigate mathematic, geometric, material and hierarchical logics and their applications to architectural systems. Through the understanding of science and biology papers and previous research in the field, effective principles and logics will be extracted and explored through phyisical and computational analysis processes. Physical modeling should be used in order to understand material relationships and for the calibration of digital experiments. The digital simulation of material, forces and flow will allow for a quantitative understanding of the organisation and resulting performance of the complex systems.

Our d esign c o mes from observing" aurelia aurita", also called “mo o n j ellyfish�.Th roug h research, w e kno w it is diffe rent from o t h er c reat ures,because it h as a self-repairing ad aptiv e mech anism. W h en mo o n jelly fish is cut off t h eir tent acle, it will achiev e sy mmet ry t h ro ug h t h e cont rac t io n o f t h e bo d y muscles. In t h e process o f self- repairing,mo o n j ellyfish is no t regenerat ing new cells, but reo rganizing t h e exist ing co mponents. Th is process we call "symmet ritzatio n." Th e pro c ess of sy mmet rit zatio n is t o g enerate me ch anical forc e t h rough rapid cont rac t io n o f t h e "muscles tissue".A nd t h e "meso g lea t issue" being st ressed ,causeing elastic response, pulling t h e tent acle t o t h e cut t ing posit io n, and finally ac h ieving sy mmet ry.

Th e ultimat e g o al of symmet ritzat ion is t o reduc e w at er resistance ,achiev ing a balance bet ween t h e sh ape and t h e env ironment .F o rmed t h e force t ransfer met h o d as t h e chart. Th e ad apt iv e mech anism j ust like wh en mo o n j elly fish faces change o f env ironment , it st art "self- o rg anize".Th erefo re, we propo se t h e c o nc ept o f "self- o rganizatio n".

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Aurelia aurita Introduction

1.1 Aurelia aurita - Moon Jellyfish

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ABSTRACT Introduction

1.1 Aurelia aurita

Geographic Range

Aurelia aurita are found near the coast, in mostly warm and tropical waters (but they can withstand temperatures as low as -6 and as high as 31 degrees Celsius). They are prevalent in both inshore seas and oceans.

Biogeographic Regions: Indian ocean(native),Atlantic ocean(native),Pacific ocean (native).

Habitat

Their habitat includes the costal waters of all zones, and they occur in huge numbers. They are known to live in brackish waters with as low a salt content as 0.6%.

Decreased salinity in the water diminishes the bell curvature, and vice versa. An optimum temperature for the animals is 9 - 19 degrees Celsius.

Spotlight on Aurelia aurita

Symmetrization and Regeneration Some organisms such as Aurelia polyps have shown both symmetrization and regeneration abilities. This leaves scientists to ask several questions about these amazing abilities of marine animals: Did symmetrization evolve together with regeneration, or are they conflicting abilities?

How frequently can an organism regenerate in one life stage, and then reorganize in another life stage?

How does their body choose between regenerating or reorganizing?

The key difference between radial and bilateral symmetry is that radial symmetry generates identical body halves around the central axis whereas bilateral symmetry generates only two sides as left and right.This unique strategy of self-repair, which we call [ symmetrization ].

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ABSTRACT Research Background

1.2 Self-Healing Strategy

Self-Healing

This unique strategy of self-repair, which we call [ symmetrization ]

0h

6h

18h

50h

0h

12h

36h

50h

Symmetrization

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ABSTRACT Research Background

1.3 Self-Healing System Anatomy In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, marine biologists have found that, upon amputation, the moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) rearranges existing body parts and recovers radial symmetry within a few days.

This so-called resymmetrization occurred whether the animal had as few as two limbs remaining or as many as seven, and the process was observed in three additional species of jellyfish ephyra (Chrysaora pacifica, Mastigias sp., and Cotylorhiza tuberculata).

Many marine creatures, including some jellyfish species, can regenerate tissues in response to injury, and this trait is important for their survival. If a sea turtle takes a bite out of a jellyfish, the injured animal can quickly grow new cells to replace the lost tissue. In fact, a marine animal called the hydra is a very commonly used model organism in studies of regeneration.

To simulate injury the scientists performed amputations on anesthetized ephyra, producing animals with two, three, four, five, six, or seven arms, rather than the usual eight. They then returned the jellyfish to their habitat of artificial seawater, and monitored the tissue response.

The pro c ess o f symmetrit zatio n is t o g enerat e mechanical fo rc e t h ro ug h rapid co nt rac t ion of t h e "muscles t issue".And t h e "meso g lea tissue" being st ressed ,causeing elastic response, pulling t h e t ent acle t o t h e cut t ing po sit ion, and finally ac h ieving symmetry.

The authors of the new study – Prof Lea Goentoro from the California Institute of Technology and her colleagues from the University of Oxford, UK, and Institute of Physics in Taipei City, Taiwan – wanted to know if the moon jellyfish would respond to injuries in the same manner as an injured hydra.

感覺器 Rhopalium

把手細胞 Manubrium 口腕 Arm

Compression

表皮

中膠層

胃皮層 胃腔 Manubrium

肌肉

─ 彈力

內部結構

─ 機械力

Compression

Elastic Repulsion

Angular Pivoting

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ABSTRACT Mechanism

1.3 Self-Healing System Anatomy Beyond radially symmetrical animals, we can imagine that fast reorganization to regain function may also be employed in bilateral animals, though perhaps not as dramatically as on the whole organismal scale. At the tissue and organ level, there are a large number of structures that have been observed to regain lost function, at least partially, through remodeling.We know, for instance, that in response to some spinal cord injury, corticospinal tract fibers reorganize to allow recovery of dexterous movements in primates (Nakagawa et al., 2015).

The ult imate goal of symmetritzation is to reduc e water resistance ,achiev ing a balance betw een t h e shape and the environment.

Therefore, we intend to establish the main abstracted procedural [comceptual] mechanism due to studies those information from self-healing system.

E xtern al

In tern al fo rce

Fo rce

Red u ce resistan ce

M id d le

M u sle

lam ella

E lastic

Rap id

resp o n se

co n tractio n

E lastic

M ech an ical

Fo rce

fo rce

& m ain tain b alan ce

Push o n

Re s ist ance

Mechanism Procedure

Environmental Factors

Wate r

Sym m etriz atio n

Pu sh th e arm s Grad u ally

Bell sh ap e co n tractio n

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ABSTRACT Mechanism

1.3 Self-Healing System Anatomy

Muscle system has the ability to uniaxially expand and contract

Muscle Fiber Network

Feedback of the adhesion layer of the middle layer through the viscous

Mesoglea

Elastic Fiber Network

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Abstraction and Analysis

2.1 Abstraction from Biology / self-organization According to the syst ems, we propose to replace" meso glea tissue system "with silico ne rubber, and replace "muscles tissue system"w ith mo ld. And w e use the two forces of tensio n and thrust to form a pre-force effect o n the silico ne, and let the silico ne produce force fee dback d ue to the pre-fo rce, w hich defo rmating t h e o uter shape.

Therefore, the self- repairing adapt ive mechanism inspired by aurelia aurita, thro ugh the arrangement o f the tensio n unit and the thrust unit , forms a struc t ural shape by "tenssellatio n".

Silicone Rubber

THE MATERIAL { Casting }

Elastic Steel/PLA

PRE-FORCE SETTING { pression type }

Rubber

PRE-FORCE SETTING { tension type }

Dense Wood Board/PLA

CASTING MOLD

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ABSTRACT Abstraction and Analysis

2.2 Material System and Methods

MDF Medium Density Fiberboard 6mm / 3mm LSR Liquid Silicone Rubber 6A / 9A ,Curing Agent 6A / 9A Elastic Steel Elastic Rubber Eletronic Weighter

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Abstraction and Analysis

2.2 Material System and Methods

PRE -STRESSED MECHANISM LIQUID SILICONE RUBBER [LSR] MATERIAL SYSTEM

FORCE RESPONSE TO OUTER CONTOUR

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ABSTRACT Abstraction and Analysis

2.2 Material System and Methods Design Approach \ Principles Self-organizing Theory

Self-Supporting Structure

外部輪廓系統 + 內部組織系統 Pre-Stressed Mechanical Unit Setting

External Contour System + Internal Organizing System

Tenssellation Network

+

Muscle Fiber Network

+ Elastic Fiber Network

Te n s i o n / T h r u s t

Pre-force Units Experiments Pre-Force Attribute Tension Forming Mechanism Pression Forming Mechanism

Pre-force structural System External Contour System + Internal Organizing System Compression Conditions

Medium Density Fiberboard [MDF]

Liquid Silicone Rubber[LSR] Geometric Contour

肌肉組織系統

中膠層組織系統

機械力

彈力

Muscle Fiber Network

Elastic Fiber Network

Viscosity Conditions

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Abstraction and Analysis

2.2 Material System and Methods

In this ad aptive mech anism, the muscles tissue c on t ract and stretch in o ne d imensio n, w hile the meso g lea t issue force response t o Viscosity.

[Properties]

Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR)

Low Viscosity – LSRs have relatively low viscosities when compared with thermoplastics. Typical viscosities at injection for thermoplastics are on the order of 5,00010,000 Pa-s, while LSR viscosities are on the order of 500-1,000 Pa-s (at shear rates around 10 s-1 ), allowing for much lower injection pressures during filling.

www.medical.saint-gobain.com

Material { Within Casting Mold }

Dynamic Viscosity [ Shear Viscosity ]

LSR Molding Cycle

Eject / Brush

Start Mold Close

Mold Open

Needle Valve Open LSR Injection Pack / Hold Needle Valve Close

Cure / Meter & Mix Material

LSR Molding Cycle Breakdown

www.medical.saint-gobain.com

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Abstraction and Analysis

2.2 Material System and Methods Pre-Stressed Thrust Unit Type

Pre-Stressed Tension Unit Type

It is the experiment of the thrust unit .In terms o f t h e thrust unit, w e t ried several sets and fo und that t h e elastic steel is not easy to control after being pressed, it will bo unce up, and the bending o f the int ernal elastic steel needs to be contro lled again.

Then, we experimented wit h t h e unit :The second is the experiment of the tension unit.Originally, we gave t he rig h t and left tension. After the force of t he rubber, the upper and lower directions responded, causinthe outer contour to expand d o wnward.-

Elastic Deformation {elastic steel}

Thrust Unit Type

Elastic Deformation {rubber}

Tension Unit Type

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Abstraction and Analysis

Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.3 Unit Morphology Experiments Pre-Stressed Thrust Unit Type 00

Elastic Deformation {elastic steel}

Timer 0s Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw Elastic Steel Diameter/ 2 mm

Force Factor/ Push Strength/

Release Force {elastic steel} Solidifying Point

0.8 kgw

60 mins Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 17.0 mm

Silicone Volume/ 300 cm3

Anchor Bounceback(Dis.)/ 12.0 mm

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Abstraction and Analysis

Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.3 Unit Morphology Experiments Pre-Stressed Thrust Unit Type 01

0

0 02 01

01

0

0 03 02

02

01

0

0

Hinge 0 Then is th e experiment of the thrust unit . In t erms o f t he thrust unit , w e t ried several sets and fo und that the elastic steel is int ernal ela-st ic steel needs to be contro lled again.

Achieve the difference in t he degree of the outer contourchanging t he no des and texture of the elastic steel. The next two experiments used t hree overlapping node members, three foexperiment, but because of the need for t hicker silicones, t he final results not successful.

Hinge 01

Hinge 02

Hinge 03

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Abstraction and Analysis

Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.3 Unit Morphology Experiments Pre-Stressed Thrust Unit Type 01

After that, we changed the nodes to two overlapping members.Each experiment was put into three, one on eac h side. Because of t he t hin ness of t he silic one produced, it has t he deformation of the outer contour.As a result, the t ype 1 pro duced a deformation of about 21 mm, t ype 2 was1 6 mm, and t ype 3 was about 1 1 mm.

From the texture of these three elements we can see that the compression of the texture as the outer contour is closer to its final outer contour becomes more noticeable.

Thrust Unit Type 02

Thrust Unit Type 03

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Abstraction and Analysis

Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.3 Unit Morphology Experiments Pre-Stressed Force type Apply for LSR Thrust Unit Type 01 Elastic Deformation {elastic steel}

Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw Elastic Steel Diameter/ 1 mm

Force Factor/ Push Strength/

Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw

0.5 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 21.0 mm

Silicone Volume/ 200 cm3

Anchor Bounceback(Dis.)/ 12.0 mm

Timer 0s Thrust Unit Type 02

Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw Elastic Steel Diameter/ 1 mm

Release Force {elastic steel}

Elastic Deformation {elastic steel}

Force Factor/ Push Strength/

Solidifying Point

60 mins

Release Force {elastic steel}

Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw

0.5 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 10.0 mm

Silicone Volume/ 280 cm3

Anchor Bounceback(Dis.)/ 2.0 mm

Elastic Deformation {elastic steel}

Timer 0s

Release Force {elastic steel}

Solidifying Point

60 mins

Thrust Unit Type 03

Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw Elastic Steel Diameter/ 1 mm

Force Factor/ Push Strength/

0.5 kgw

Force Factor/ Push Strength/ 0.0 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 5.0 mm

Silicone Volume/ 280 cm3

Anchor Bounceback(Dis.)/ 2.0 mm

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 19

Abstraction and Analysis

Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.3 Unit Morphology Experiments Thrust Unit Type 01

Force Factor/ Elastic Steel Length/ 400 mm Elastic Steel Radius/ 1.0 mm Push Strength/ 0.5 kgw LSR Mass/ 250 g LSR Thickness/ 7.0 mm Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 21.0 mm

Thrust Unit Type 02

Force Factor/ Elastic Steel Length/ 400 mm Elastic Steel Radius/ 1.0 mm Push Strength/ 0.5 kgw LSR Mass/ 250 g LSR Thickness/ 7.0 mm Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 16.0 mm

Thrust Unit Type 03

Force Factor/ Elastic Steel Length/ 400 mm Elastic Steel Radius/ 1.0 mm Push Strength/ 0.5 kgw LSR Mass/ 250 g LSR Thickness/ 7.0 mm Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 11.0 mm

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 20

ABSTRACT 2.3 Unit Morphology Experiments Pre-Stressed Force type Apply for LSR Tension Unit Type 00

Elastic Deformation {elastic rubber}

Timer 0s Force Factor/ Elastic Rubber Diameter/ 2 mm Elastic Rubber Length/ 400mm

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.5 kgw Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm

Release Force {elastic rubber} Solidifying Point

60 mins Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.0 kgw Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 5.0 mm

Silicone Mass/ 180 g Silicone Thickness/ 7.5 mm

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 21

ABSTRACT Material System { Casting Mold Typology }

2.4 Identified Parameters Relationship between Silicone Thickness & Force Distribution

Due to the quantity mass of LSR, the outer contour morphing distances might be restrain by the viscousity between LSR and the buttom panel of mould. To make the force distribution more efficiency on LSR (liquid silicone rubber) ,we try to design the mould which we casting on. Using different z-axis parameters to make the molding surface within different partitions of typology.

Similarly the optimization of inner structure.

LEVEL 01

LEV EL

01

LEV EL

02

LEV EL

03

LEV EL

04

LEVEL 02

LEVEL 03

LEVEL 04

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ABSTRACT Material System { Casting Mold Typology }

2.4 Identified Parameters Relationship between Silicone Thickness & Force Distribution

01

02

01-02 Level Force Distribution

01-02 Level Force A ttritube Weight

03

02-03 Level Force Distribution

02-03 Level Force Attritube Weight

04

03- 04 Level Force Distribution

03- 04 Level Force Attritube Weight

Then, we try to simulate the material system on those pre-stressed mechanism. Insuring the parameters which we could input on next step ( pre-stressed experients) 01 -0 4 O v erlappi n g

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 23

ABSTRACT Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.4 Identified Parameters

Tension Unit Type 01

Tension Unit Type 02

Tension Unit Unit Type Type 03 03 Tension

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ABSTRACT Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.4 Identified Parameters Tension Unit Type 01

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ Force Factor/ Elastic Rubber Length/ 400 mm Elastic Rubber Diameter/ 1 mm

0.5 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.0 kgw

Silicone Mass/ 160 g Silicone Thickness/ 7.0mm

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 2.0 mm

Timer 0s Tension Unit Type 02

Elastic Deformation {elastic rubber}

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ Force Factor/ Elastic Rubber Length/ 380 mm Elastic Rubber Diameter/ 2.0 mm

0.5 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 10.0 mm

Silicone Mass/ 100 g Silicone Thickness/ 4.0mm

Timer 0s Elastic Deformation {elastic rubber}

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ Force Factor/ Elastic Rubber Length/ 380 mm Elastic Rubber Diameter/ 2.0 mm

0.5 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm Silicone Mass/ 100 g Silicone Thickness/ 4.0mm

60 mins

Release Force {elastic rubber}

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.0 kgw

Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 0.0 mm

Tension Unit Type 03

Solidifying Point

Solidifying Point

60 mins

Release Force {elastic rubber}

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.0 kgw Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 7.0 mm

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 25

ABSTRACT Biological Model \ Design Approach

2.4 Identified Parameters We changed pulling direction,from pulling out ward to pulling in.Trying to respond to t he internal contour through t he force of the silic one, and indirectly affect the outer c ontour.And through the way of terrain, t he transmission of t he force of silic one can be made clearer. In t he middle, t he elastic lines are connected in series to make t hem structural.

Tension Unit Type 01

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.5 kgw Elastic Rubber Length/ 400 mm Elastic Rubber Diameter/ 2 mm Silicone Mass/ 180 g Silicone Thickness/ 7.5mm Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 2.0 mm

Tension Unit Type 02

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.5 kgw Elastic Rubber Length/ 380 mm Elastic Rubber Diameter/ 2.0 mm Silicone Mass/ 100 g Silicone Thickness/ 4.0mm Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 10.0 mm

Tension Unit Type 03

Force Factor/ Pull Strength/ 0.5 kgw Elastic Rubber Length/ 380 mm Elastic Rubber Diameter/ 2 mm Silicone Mass/ 100 g Silicone Thickness/ 4.0mm Contour(mid.pt) movement dis./ 7.0 mm

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 26

Chapter 3

|

System Development

Design Proposal / Site Condition

3.1 Site Condition In terms o f the external environment, w e expec t t o d isturbance t h e structural shape t h ro ug h t h e c o ndi t ions of t h e site. This disturbance contains the v ariatio n fact o rs of t h e environment and t h e enviro nment it self.We t ry t o c o mpare the fo rce relationsh ip betw een the unit s w ith t h e c h anges of t h e site and ad apt at io n i t.And we t h ink t h e relationship between swamps and water or the change betw een lake and river wat er is a g o o d plac e. Then, it can be said t h at t h e adaptation and balance of the shape and the soil mat rix.

Environmental Factors/ Topography/ Soil Condition/

+

Periodically Environmental Factors

Swarmp

Soil Texture

Oxbow Lake

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-an-oxbow-lake.html

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 27

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.2 Compression Structural Optimization

Pre-stressed Performing (Unit)

Structural Topology Stress Line- based [Remeshing 01]

Surface Frame Design

Vector Force

Vector Force

Adjustable line Cluster

Linear-based Division with variable coefficient Vector Force

Grid--Based

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 28

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.2 Compression Structural Optimization ARCH TYPE 00

ARCH TYPE 01

Principal stress lines, which are pairs of orthogonal curves that indicate trajectories of internal forces and, therefore, idealized paths of material continuity, naturally encode the optimal topology for any structure for a given set of boundary conditions. Although stress line analysis has the potential to offer a direct, and geometrically provocative approach to optimization that can synthesize both design and structural objectives, its application in design has generally been limited due to the lack of standardization and parameterization of the process for generating and interpreting stress lines. Addressing these barriers that limit the application of the stress line methods,this paper proposes a new implementation framework that will enable designers to take advantage of stress line analysis to inform conceptual structural design. Central to the premise of this research is a new conception of structurally inspired design exploration that does not impose a singular solution, but instead allows for the exploration of a diverse high-performance design space in order to balance the combination of structural and architectural design objectives.

Convergence of optimization results.

http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/acadia15_095.pdf

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 29

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.2 Compression Structural Optimization ARCH TYPE 00

Main Stressline A

Stress analysis

Main Stressline B

S t i f f n e ss_F a c to r Ran g e : 0 . 0 1 ~ 0 . 6 5 4 8 2

Shear Ran g e : 0 .0 1 ~ 0 . 6 5 4 8 2

Main Stresslines

D ef l ec ti o n Range:0 . 0 1 ~ 0 . 4 0 . 6 5 4 8 2

No rmal_Stress Range:0 . 8 3 3 2 ~ 6 . 7 9 5

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 30

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.2 Compression Structural Optimization ARCH TYPE 01

Main Stressline A

Stress analysis

Main Stressline B

Main Stresslines

S t i f f n e ss_F a c to r

Shear

D ef l ec ti o n

No rmal_Stress

Ra nge:0.01 ~ 0.654 82

Range:0.0 1 ~ 0.65 482

Ra n g e:0.0 ~ 0.40.65 482

Ra n g e:0.8 332 ~ 6.7495

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 31

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.2 Compression Structural Optimization ARCH TYPE 00 /Structural Optimization/ Remeshing Structural Params:

Stress vector(Start point)

In this step, we try to simulate the arch type 00 compression stats in different heights of foundation XYplane.

Stress vector(End point)

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 32

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.2 Compression Structural Optimization ARCH TYPE 01 /Structural Optimization/ Remeshing Structural Params:

Stress vector(Start point)

In this step, we try to simulate the arch type 01 compression stats in different heights of foundation XYplane.

Stress vector(End point)

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 33

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.3 Pre-Stressed Structural system Cluster[ Regional ]

ARCH TYPE 00 / Structural Optimization/ Remeshing

Structural Params: Cross Section Type: Circle_Hollow Radius: 100mm Thickness: 20mm

Stress vector

Fabrication method [Tenssellation], which can construct the two series types of pre-stressed morphing units to cluster structural system. After the cluster system constructed, we placed it upon the area with severe stress variables.

Force Distribution Cyan:Tension Red: Compression

ARCH TYPE 01 / Structural Optimization/ Remeshing

Structural Params: Cross Section Type: Circle_Hollow Radius: 100mm Thickness: 20mm

Stress vector

Adjustable line Cluster

Force Distribution Cyan:Tension Red: Compression

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 34

ABSTRACT Design Proposal / Structural System

3.3 Pre-Stressed Structural system Cluster[ Regional ]

ARCH TYPE 00 / Structural Optimization/ Remeshing

Scale 1:40 Model

ARCH TYPE 01 / Structural Optimization/ Remeshing

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 35

Local Regional Global

Parts of Aurelia aurita

Principles Abstracted

Investigation Focus

Self-Healing Strategy Single tentacle Anatomy

Functional Geometry Flexible Motion in [Symmertrization] Base-Material & Muscle tissue

Tile Form_ Unit Pre-Stressed Mechanism Different Force Types Apply on Materials Units Deformed by Material System

Self-Healing Strategy Part of tentacle cluster

Geometric Arrangement Cluster Mechanism

Component Tenssellation [Surface] Pre-Stressed Units Tiling /Arrangement Self- Supporting Structural System Construct Compression & Tension System

Self-Healing Strategy Mechanism between inner-organization & Environment

Geometric Arrangement Membrane Organization

Composite System One for Whole System[Branch Structure] Responsive Mechanism for Dynamic Loading

Figure 4.1.1 Table showing summary of principles that can be abatracted from the initial research about the Moon Jellyfish(Aurelia aurita) potential investigation focus.

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 36

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.1

Global

| Improvised Texture

Compression System / //Standard Form {contour}- Structure Topology [Topostruct] /-ergonomic /-material study /-stability & unstability parts

Pre-Stressed System / /- LSR Material system [coordinary to compression system] [accroding to dynamic loading] /- composite mechanism /- cluster

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Improvised Texture

4.2 Lounge Chair

Le Corbusier – Miniature – Chaise Lounge (1928)

LC4 chaise longue, was designed when the three designers; Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and Charlotte Perriand came together to put man at the centre of their design, taking the idea that form and function should be at the service of relaxation.

Brand: Cassina Designer: Le Corbusier Dimensions: 56x163 H69 cm

http://corbusier.totalarch.com/lc4

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 37

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.1

Global

| Improvised Texture

Lounge Chair -- Frame structure + Fabric installation

Improvised Texture

Proposal//

Tile Textile Texture

Lounge Chair --

Composite Behavioral System......

4.2 Lounge Chair

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe-- Barcelona Chair -- (1929)

CONSTRUCTION AND DETAILS Upholstered with 40 individual panels. Individual panels are cut, hand-welted, and hand-tufted with leather buttons produced from a single cowhide. Cushions are premium quality, highly resilient urethane foam with down-like dacron polyester fiberfillUpholstery straps are cowhide belting leather. Sides are dyed to match specified upholstery color. 17 straps are used for cushion supportFrame is polished chrome hand-ground and hand-buffed to a mirror finish. Upholstery straps attached with aluminum rivetsThe KnollStudio logo and signature of

Brand: Knoll Designer: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Dimensions: 75x77 H77 cm

https://www.dimensions.guide/element/barcelona-chair

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 38

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.3 System Deformation ( Development ) | Form Finding Ergonomic

The method of [Lounge Chair] form finding: 00 Double Layering Isosrf while using millipede [Grasshopper plugin] 01 Input the angle of plane & area domains which approaching Ergonogic design.

02 Galapago [Grasshopper plugin], which allow to generate multiple srf types based on differe-nt parameters range setting.

Surface Mechanism - Srf Type Single Srf Layer

Multi-Srf Layer

Planer srf [ unclosed ]

Cavity [ closed ]

Remeshing Texture

Surface Frame

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 39

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.3 System Deformation ( Development ) | Form Finding

This generative method allow us to finding appropriate form which has better surface structure & continous topology......

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 40

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.3 System Deformation ( Development ) | Composite Behavioral System Compression System //

stress lines force part layer01

[accroding to dynamic loading]

Deflection

[accroding to dynamic loading]

force part layer02

Principal stress

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 41

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.3 System Deformation ( Development ) | Composite Behavioral System

Tensegrity Structures

Reaction Diffusion input to system & /typology molding] section

Force Distribution Parts

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 42

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.3 System Deformation ( Development ) | Composite Behavioral System

The definition of surface composite system:

Main Loading parts

Compression Frame

Mold 00

Mold 01

Compression Frame on srf

The compression frames are located accroding to the main loading parts.The branching frames playing an important role because of its the only one stable structural system in this whole composite system. Then, the linear elastic rubber & elastic steel are located on the surface parts within different weigth of force distribution.

Mold system

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 43

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.3 System Deformation ( Development ) | Composite Behavioral System

The inner layer surface plays a role about the static balance of whole system, making a force effective response from contact surface [first layer]. The combination of both surface turn into a sense of improvised texture within pre-stressed mechanism.

The pre-stressed mechanism apply for surface engineering becomes a principle meaning through the Lounge Chair.

Pre-stressed system

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 44

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.3 System Deformation ( Development ) | Composite Behavioral System

linear tension mechanism located

linear tension mechanism located

Pre-stressed system [ Texture Deformed by Dynamic Loading ] Loading

Loading

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 45

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.4 Cluster [Global] | Proposal

Global---Proposal The Oblique Function

by Claude Parent and Paul Virilio

Visiona 2 Year: 1970 VISIONA 2, PHANTASY LANDSCAPE, furniture fair Cologne, D 1970 © Panton Design, Base

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 46

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.4 Cluster [Global]_Prototype

Unit Form Finding [ Enneper Surface]

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 47

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.4 Cluster [Global]

Unit Form Finding

Unit arrangments according to Surface subdivision

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 48

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.4 Cluster [Global]

Rest Area {small recreational space}

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 49

Improvised. Self-Supporting. Adaptive.

Structural System

Further Advancements

4.4 Cluster [Global]

Rest Area {small recreational space}

IMPROVISED TEXTURE 50