Ho Yu Ming portfolio 2016

YU MING, HO\

CONTENTS RECENT WORK\ THAILAND\

Refugee Camps 34

KOWLOON\

Ma Tau Kok 08

NEW TERR.\

Ma On Shan 16

HK ISLAND\

Hopewell Centre II 26 Lee Garden One 100 Lee Garden Two 110

DESIGN STUDIO\ MYANMAR\

Tanintharyi Region 44 Kalonehtar Reservoir 48

SHANGHAI\

Suzhou Creek 62 50 Moganshan Rd 72

GUANGXI\

Dabao Village 68

HK ISLAND\

Cape D’Aguilar 120 Pokfulam Village 122 Happy Park 126

RESEARCH\ NEW YORK\

Buffalo Park System 118

NEW TERR.\

Ho Sheung Heung 119

VISUAL COMMUNICATION\ Fabrication Lab 128 Material Culture 130

ABOUT\ Me 133

HONG KONG\

MA TAU KOK\

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT IN MA TAU KOK Master plan, design concept, elements and intensions

Inspired by the contemporary garden, the landscape design contains its colorful and natural-looking elements by selecting a range of local species to increase overall aesthetic appeal and visual comfort. The plantation also provides visual screening, relief and lowering the ambient temperature. The outdoor comfort is enhanced by the plantations. A large portion of green open space is reserved around the existing partial

facade of Eastern Cotton Mills for the public to see and enjoy the historical faรงade.

The landscape treatment for both the At-Grade and Communal Open Spaces relate to the building form and usage of the open-air open spaces which are amenable to communal use, creating a pleasing green node, passive recreational area and serve as an outdoor extension of the proposed club house for the use of residents.

09

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

At-Grade Open Space as a pleasing green node and passive recreational area

Leisure facilities such as seating benches will be provided in Communal Open Spaces while other necessary facilities such as litter bins will be provided in both At-Grade Open Space and Communal Open Spaces. Fixed seating benches will be provided in appropriate areas to encourage people to gather; whilst, litter bins in styles matching 10

with the other furniture will be located in suitable areas. Final locations and quantity shall be worked out in the detailed design stage.

Lighting design will provide general illumination at night, creating an environment with increased sense of security.

PODIUM FLOOR PLAN

Communal Open Space as an outdoor extension of the club house

Planting design aims to provide the utmost greening effect for the whole development and reinforce the design style set by the architecture and the hard landscape. Soft landscape will provide a natural setting and enhance the quality of the development.

Careful placing of trees and tall shrubs will define areas and provide necessary screening between different activities. A strip of planter is proposed along the eastern boundary to mitigate the interface problem with the adjacent industrial building.

11

RENDERING

View from Mok Cheong Street through right of way

At-Grade Open Space, located at the ground level, provide greenery and open space for the resident as well as the customers and neighbourhoods. Vast amount of lawn area can provide vegetation, visual comfort and functional open air space to users. A variety of tree species offer shades to the area, helps to reduce noise and air pollution from the 12

surrounding area and create a more complex ecology and scenery. Stepping stones are applied in potential pathways to protect the vegetation and provide guidance to the user. The whole setting of the At-Grade Open Space can hopefully be a scenic view for the customers in the mall and users at podium level.

RENDERING

View from Mok Cheong Street through EVA

An facade of the historical building Eastern Cotton Mills is reserved and reinforced at its original location. The act of reserving this facade tries to show the acknowledgement of the value of historical objects while at the same time allowing developments to take place. The reserved facade becomes the focus of the landscape design, by creating a

resting area and choosing the appropriate plant species, an area for the public to appreciate the old facade is created. The conflict between conservation and development has long been an issue in Hong Kong, whilst one possible way out is to identify and conserve the most valuable part and integrate it the the design of development.

13

SECTION

Across the pool area

14

SECTION

Across the facade of Eastern Cotton Mills

15

MA ON SHAN\

COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MA ON SHAN Roof floor plan

Ribbon is the theme of this landscape design project. Tiles are designed to draw a ribbon pattern on the ground, guiding the users to walk around the roof. Pockets of resting area indicated by the use of different pavement are created to allow a more

private and quite space. Lawns are designed to have slope, so that it could form seats, fences and walls. A row of trees are used to screen out the service tower behind. The whole design have maximized the use of eco-friendly material and technology.

17

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Vehicle and bicycle parking area with green wall

The Ribbon concept continues throughout the site. The ribbon in ground level started at the entrance and split into two: one continue towards another end, one goes into the bicycle parking area. The parking area is semi-visible, partly fenced of by the 18

vegetations. The use of vertical plantings provide a nicer view from the ground, mall and from the roof. It also helps to maximize the greenery of the site, making the design more eco-friendly.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Connection between the mall, ground level and roof top

19

SECTIONS

20

21

SECTIONS

22

23

ROOF FLOOR PLAN Lighting effect at night

In order to enhance the soft-scape and reduce the impact of hard-scape, flush lightings are used as the main lighting theme. The ribbon landscape design concept also continues in the lighting design, ribbons of LED light strips are used to create a continuous 24

lighting. Flush lightings are used for both lighting up the pedestrian and highlighting the plants. The building materials of the roof top structures are transparent, allow light from inside of the structure to light up the surrounding area.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN Lighting effect at night

25

HOPEWELL CENTRE II\

LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN

Plan of Hopewell Certre II and surrounding landscape areas

The development of Hopewell Centre II faces lots of challenges, including the conservation and protection of Old and Valuable Tree (OVT) in the design process and construction process, the complexity of the original site traffic condition and sloped

site, and the lack of green and open space in the project area. The design of this project needs to address and improve the existing problems, fulfilling the developer’s social responsibility.

27

RENDERING

Bird’s eye view of the project area

28

29

SECTION

Across LCSD park

The design of this project includes re-engineering the existing slope, road, pathways and stairs, building a LCSD park for public use and a private park. Vast amount of existing trees needs to be removed or transplanted due to the development and re-en30

gineering. Most of the trees transplanted and compensated are located along the main road and within the LCSD park. The trees along the road helps to separate the park and the traffic and offer a better walking experience along the road.

SECTION

Across private park

Accessibility is also one of the main focus of this project. All parts of the development area are ensured to be accessible by wheel chairs with the aim of minimizing the need of elevators. The accessibility between the main roads will also be increased after the

development by the implementation of elevators and escalators in the building. The widening and linkage to Queen’s Road East is also well considered and planned as part of the project.

31

THAILAND\

REFUGEE CAMPS\

BAN MAE SURIN TEMPORARY SHELTER IN MAE HONG SON PROVINCE Map of household community-managed targeting category and shelter special need

Due to the prolonged civil war in Myanmar, many citizens of Myanmar go across the border and entered Thailand, they become refugees and settled in nine numbers of refugee camp. They are not allowed to work nor use permerant materials to build their shelter, hence, the living coditions of refugees are below standard. Over the years,

many NGOs, INGOs as well as individuals provided help and support to the refugees.

They help the refugees to negotiate with the Thailand goverment and help them to gain more power of control on their lifes, provide rations, building materials, medical support, family support, opportunity of residing in third countries, etc.

35

BAN MAE SURIN TEMPORARY SHELTER IN MAE HONG SON PROVINCE Map of potential risk of households

Whilst the work of the NGOs getting more and more smooth over the years, a useful and proper map of the camps have never been made. This is because the resources required to map a camp is really large, lack of professional knowledge required for mapping and the underestimation of the power of a map. The Border Consortium is a 36

NGO responsible for the livilyhood and distribution of rations to the refugees hence they have a lot of data of the refugees. With the aid of GIS programs, these data can be easily tranformed into maps, therefore The Boeder Consortium is the perfect organisation to take the role of mapping.

MAE LA (ZONE A) TEMPORARY SHELTER IN TAK PROVINCE Map of household community-managed targeting category and shelter special need

37

MAE LA (ZONE B) TEMPORARY SHELTER IN TAK PROVINCE Map of household community-managed targeting category and shelter special need

38

MAE LA (ZONE C) TEMPORARY SHELTER IN TAK PROVINCE Map of household community-managed targeting category and shelter special need

39

MAE LA OON TEMPORARY SHELTER IN MAE HONG SON PROVINCE Map of household community-managed targeting category and shelter special need

40

NU PO TEMPORARY SHELTER IN TAK PROVINCE

Map of household community-managed targeting category and shelter special need

41

MYANMAR\ WGS1984 UTM ZONE 47N Left: -145824m Bottom: 1627023m Right: 787627m Top: 2270491m

Number and proportion of IDPs in Myanmar (2014) <10k

<10-20k

>20k

<10%

<10-20%

>20%

TANINTHARYI REGION\

LAND GRAB AROUND DAWEI

from being a poor in a poor country to a poor in a rich country

121 ha

2012 Max Myanmar (Myanmar) Director RESETTLEMENT

700 ha 364 ha

2012 Italian Thai Development DAM

323 ha

2008 - PRESENT Companies from Dawei and Upper Myanmar LAND SPECULATION

2011 Italian Thai Development RESETTLEMENT

20500 ha

2010 Italian Thai Development INDUSTRY

4479 ha

2012 Italian Thai Development TRANSPORTATION

2015 Guangdong Zhenrong, Htoo Group, Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd ENERGY

1059 ha

FARMLAND LAW

VACANT, FALLOW, AND VIRGIN LANDS MANAGEMENT LAW

AGRICULTURAL LAND

VACANT/FALLOW LAND

VIRGIN LAND

60702 ha

2011 Vantage Myanmar Company Limited (Myanmar) AGRICULTURE (Loewen 2012, 8-11)

(LP DAAC 2011) (GADM 2012) (MIMU 2013) (CIESIN and ITOS, 2013) (MIMU 2014) (ESI CCI 2014)

30.00 km

Farming is the main source of income for Myanmar people. Farmlands around villages are considered as the life supporting materials for the villagers.

The Farmland Law (2012) in Myanmar protects farmer’s ownership of their agricultural land but their land may also be classified as vacant, fallow, or virgin under the VFV Law, allowing investors to grab villagers’ land without paying appropriate compensation.

Dawei SEZ area and some others major periphery flat-lands with high economic outputs or potentials had already grabbed by different investors in recent years and a number of villages had already been threatened. It is very possible that the next series of land grabbing will occur in the remaining areas where villages are more densely distributed as the land value of these areas are very high.

45

ODDS AGAINST THE PEASANTS

land as a tool for political and economic powers throughout history

- LOSS SECURITY OVER LAND

+ GAIN SECURITY OVER LAND 1826 BEGINNING OF BRITISH COLONIAL 1879 The Land and Revenue Act 1882 The Transfer of Property Act Farmers have full title to the land with right to buy, sell, lease, exchange etc. after working for 12 years and paying appropriate taxes

1894 Land Acquisition Act Government has the right to confiscate land for development projects and extract resources.

1909 The Registration Act Government collect taxes on land transaction 1909 The Embankment Act Local officials has the right to confiscate property and used forced labour in times of emergency 1923 The Cantonments (House Accommodation) Act The military has the right to take control of houses they need in certain zones 1947 Requisitioning (Emergency Provision) Act Government has the right to confiscate land for any government project

1889 The Upper Burma Land and Revenue Regulation To collect land revenue for all cultivable lands 1889 The Lower Burma Town and Village Land Act To assist government to demarcate the boundaries

MONEY FLOW (ARBITRARY UNIT)

FORCEFUL

LAND FLOW (ARBITRARY UNIT)

FORCEFUL

0 TO 12 YEARS

1879 The Land and Revenue Act

1930s GLOBAL DEPRESSION 1941 The Land Purchase Act Huge areas of land not being used for farming can be grant to landless farmers

1882 The Transfer of Property Act

1948 BURMA BECOME INDEPENDENT 1953 Land Nationalization Act All agricultural land is state-owned, except those owned by agriculturalist who now has exemption to land confiscation

1923 The Cantonments Act

1962 ESTABLISH OF BURMA SOCIALIST PROGRAMME PARTY

1968 FOUR CUTS CAMPAIGN Relocation of villages into new ‘strategic villages’ to eliminate separatist armies’ sources of food, funds, intelligence and recruits

1988 COUP RE-ESTABLISH DIRECT MILITARY RULE & GOVERNMENT

1963 The Disposal of Tenancies Law The right to dispose of landlord in aspect of agricultural land shall be ceased 1963 The Disposal of Tenancies Rules The poorest and the most insufficient agricultural labours has certain priorities setting in disposal of tenancies 1963 The Agriculturist’s Rights Protection Law To uproot the landlord-ism and to protect peasants from being exploited by means of tenancy

1974 BSPP IS INSTITUTIONALISED AS THE LEADER OF THE COUNTRY

1941 The Land Purchase Act

1894 Land Acquisition Act 1947 Requisitioning Act

1987 Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law No person should sell land to foreigner

1988 Foreign investment law

1991 ESTABLISH OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CULTIVABLE LAND, FALLOW LAND AND WASTELAND This committee was empowered to look after and allocate large land holdings for state enterprises and for joint ventures with international companies 2008 The Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar All lands are owned by the government

2011 CEASEFIRE BETWEEN THE KAREN NATIONAL UNION AND BURMESE ARMY NEW ELECTION: PRESIDENT THEIN SEIN 2012 The Farmland law 2012 The Vacant, Fallow, and Virgin Lands Management Law 2012 Foreign Investment Law (Ethnic Community Development Forum (Burma) 2015) (Ferguson 2014, 299-306)

PRESENT

Land Acquisition Act (1894), The Cantonments Act (1923) and Requisitioning Act (1947) are the main ways of land grabbing before the implementation of the first Foreign Investment Law (1988). But these land grabbing activities are mainly for the purpose of military uses and infrastructural projects by the government which can be considered as improving or securing residents life.

46

1963 The Tenancies Law

1987 Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law 1988 Foreign Investment Law 2012 Foreign Investment Law

2008 The Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar 2012 The Vacant, Fallow, and Virgin Lands Management Law

After 1988, foreign investment was allowed and the land grabbing activities become more intense for private development projects. With the recently implemented The Farmland Law (2012) and The Vacant, Fallow, and Virgin (VFV) Lands Management Law (2012) and the new Foreign Investment Law (2012), land grabbing becomes much easier for the investors, threatening local people’s life and property.

LAWS OF THE GAME

a legal framework for the business game

FAB ACQUISITION/ INVESTMENT

GRANT LAND PERMISSION ORDER

LAND VFV <50 ACRES

GOV. LAND FARMLAND

LUC FAB

INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPABLE LAND

LAND USE CERTIFICATE FARMLAND ADMINISTRATION BODY

SLRD

SETTLEMENT AND LAND RECORDS DEPARTMENT

VFV LAW

VACANT, FALLOW, VIRGIN LANDS MANAGEMENT LAW

CCVFV

CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF VACANT, FALLOW AND VIRGIN LANDS

<50,000 ACRES TAX/ FEE COMPENSATION LAND CONFISCATION

HIRE/BUY

HIRE/BUY

LAND FLOW MONEY FLOW ACTION

LAND INVESTMENT

GOODS GOODS

VACANT

SLRD INVESTMENT

CLASSIFY CLASSIFY

CCVFV

LAND USE CERTIFICATE

RECLASSIFY

LUC FORM

GOODS

GOODS

GOODS

MONITOR/ BUY

HIRE/BUY

BUY

AGRICULTURIST

PRIVATE LAND TRANSACTION LAND SOLD

INVESTOR (HURFOM 2012)

(UN-Habitat 2012) (FSWG’s LCG 2012)

INVOLUNTARY CONTRACT

STATE-BACKED DEVELOPMENT

FORMER BURMA MILITARY REGIME

INVESTMENT LAND ACQUISITION

RELATIONSHIP WITH BURMESE ARMY

LAND USED AS A PEACE TREATY

Location: Mon state’s kyaikmayaw Grabber: Zaykabar Co. Ltd, June Industry Co, Ltd & Pacific Link Cement Industries Ltd. Intention: Cement Production Area affected:10 villages

Location: Thanbyzayat Township to Thailand Grabber: Public construction Department Intention: Road construction Area affected:280 acres

Location: Nah Pa Doh Village in Palauk Grabber: Pyi Pho Htun International Co Ltd. Intention: Rubber plantation project Area affected: 1500 acres Victims: 44 villagers

Location: Letpadaung Taung Grabber: Army-owned company and China's Wanbao Mining Copper Ltd. Intention: Copper mine

Location: Kha Yone Guu Grabber: Mon Peace Process Group Intention: Military base

Location: Mon state’s Paung Townships Grabber: New Mon State Party (NMSP) Intention: Agricultural project Area affected: 3000 Acres Victims: Residents from 14 villages

Village head or village administrator always signed the land ownership contract on behalf of villagers.

Land with rubber trees owned by plantation owners were confiscated by the military.

Villagers were forcibly relocated with little compensation.

Violence was use during the seizure of land and no compensation has been given so far. (Motlagh 2013)

The land was confiscated even ownership paper was presented in order to establish relationship with the army.

The land was granted to the NMSP by government when signing the ceasefire agreement. (HURFOM 2013, 16-23)

Illegal land grabbing activities associated with ethnical military groups have often been reported in Myanmar, but with the establishment of The Farmland Law, VFV Law and Foreign Investment Law in 2012, a legal framework has been set up by the government to allow varies kinds of land grabbing activities to take place in a much easier way, disregarding the willingness of the original land owners and users.

Under this framework, The Farmland Law offers the only way for agriculturist to secure the ownership of their farmland, but since management bodies, traders, landlords and investors in agricultural area are also classified as “agriculturist“ in the law, one may easily imagine that the land ownerships are much more likely to flow towards those “higher classes“ rather than to those actual farmers.

47

KALONEHTAR RESERVOIR\

10 YEAR RELOCATION a scientific way of relocation

This project is composited from two parts: the first part of the project describes a village, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ka Lone Htarâ&#x20AC;? that is being affected by a dam construction project which is a part of the Dawei Special Economic Zone (DSEZ) infrastructure project serving as the main freshwater supply for it. This aim of this part of the project is to test out different solutions to the village based on suggestions from the villagers and the developer, and

also from the perspective of a landscape architect.

The second part of the project works on the solution chosen from the first part, tries to set the relocation project of Ka Lone Htar village as an opportunity for reconnecting the destroyed wildlife corridor.

49

AGRO-REFORESTATION MODEL

a new way of reforestation founded by agro-forestry

In recent years, local people of Myanmar in Tanintharyi region are organizing many protests against the DSEZ project due to the destruction of properties and environment as well as the involuntary relocation and insufficient compensation to the affected people. The village this project is looking at, the Ka Lone Htar village has long been one of the active protest members and is running the â&#x20AC;&#x153;No Damâ&#x20AC;? protest against the proposed 50

Ka Lone Htar Reservoir that will flood the entire village when completed construction.

Since the reservoir is meant to be the main freshwater source of DSEZ and only Ka Lone Htar village is affected, when compared to other projects within the region, the reservoir project has very high importance and priority, and the affected number of people is comparatively very small, therefore the reservoir is very likely to be built in some way.

RUBBER AGRO-REFORESTATION

rubber as a economical and ecological future possibility

The suggestion from Kalonehtar village is to have a series of smaller dams upstream instead of flooding the village while the developer company of DSEZ: Italian-Thai Development (ITD) had proposed to relocate the village upstream with proper compensation.

The first thing this project did is to look at the possibilities of the suggestion by the village which will decide whether a relocation project is needed or not. With the

application of Geographic Information System (GIS), three areas are identified to be the possible small reservoir locations. But when looking at the total water capacities of the three reservoirs (289 Million M3) and the total water demands from the whole DSEZ project (375 Million M3/Year), it is discovered that the villagersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; suggestion is not a feasible alternative and therefore a relocation project is needed for the village.

51

SECTION 2020

application of reforestation models

With the ten year relocation ensured, this project tries to search for relocation areas upstream as proposed by ITD with considerations of the community forest area proposed by the villager themselves which is also in the upstream area.

Looking into the land cover map in GIS, the proposed community forest is situated on top of the remaining bits of intact forest within the region which will essentially 52

affect and destroys the natural habitats. Therefore this project has chosen another area upstream which is a mildly deforested area but also with a higher economic value in terms of the suitability for plantations by overlaying varies layers of informations in GIS.

The chosen relocation area is also a broken link of the wildlife corridor which would be very important to restore it therefore the second part of this project tries to strike the balance between the needs for the villagers and the needs for corridor regeneration.

Thailand and Indonesia are having very similar physical conditions with Myanmar and they are having very advanced skills and researches in reforestation models and agro-

forestry models. This project has studied the process of the latest reforestation model from Thailand and different plantation models, ranging from monoculture to the latest agroforestry model in Indonesia. The general disadvantage of these models is that reforestation model usually does not offer enough economic output to the local people while most of the plantation models does not provide suitable habitats for the wildlife.

53

2020

2030

Farming is the main source of income for Myanmar people. Farmlands around villages are considered as the life supporting materials for the villagers.

The Farmland Law in Myanmar protects farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ownership of their agricultural lands but their lands may also be classified as Vacant, Fallow, and Virgin (VFV) under the VFV law, allowing investors to grab villagersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; land without appropriate compensation.

Dawei SEZ area and some others major periphery flat-lands with high economic outputs or potentials had already grabbed by different investors in recent years and a number of villages had already been threatened. It is very possible that the next series of land grabbing will occur in the remaining areas where villages are more densely distributed as the land value of these areas are very high.

55

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

advertisement for the reforestation model FRAMEWORK TREE SPECIES Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight ex Arn.

A small, understorey, shade-tolerant, evergreen tree or treelet, growing up to 15 m tall.

A common, large, pioneer, evergreen tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH to 60 cm).

Bischofia javanica Bl.

A large, common, light-demanding, evergreen tree, growing up to 35 m tall (DBH to 80 cm).

Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A. DC.

A shade-tolerant, medium-sized, evergreen tree, growing up to 18 m tall (DBH to 70 cm).

Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb.

Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.

A small to medium-sized, pioneer, evergreen tree, growing up to 12 m tall.

Ficus species can grow as vines, woody climbers, shrubs, treelets or large forest trees.

Glochidion kerrii Craib

A shade-tolerant, understorey treelet, growing up to 7 m tall (DBH to 7 cm).

A briefly deciduous, pioneer tree, growing up to 30 m tall (DBH to 64 cm).

Heynea trijuga Roxb. ex Sims

A small, evergreen tree, growing up to 15-20 m tall (DBH to 45 cm).

Hovenia dulcis Thunb.

A large, briefly deciduous tree, growing up to 30 m tall (DBH to 50 cm).

Lithocarpus elegans (Bl.) Hatus.

A small to medium-sized, shade-tolerant, evergreen tree, growing up to 15 to 20 m tall.

Macaranga denticulata (Bl.) M. –A.

A medium-sized, pioneer, evergreen, tree, growing up to 20 m tall (DBH 40 cm).

Machilus kurzii King ex Hk.f.

An medium-sized evergreen tree or treelet, growing approximately 15 m tall (DBH 60 cm).

Magnolia baillonii Pierre

A large, briefly deciduous tree, growing up to 35 m tall (DBH to 1 m).

Manglietia garrettii Craib

A medium-sized, evergreen or leaf-exchanging tree, up to 20 m tall (DBH to 41 cm).

Melia toosendan Sieb. & Zucc.

A medium-sized, briefly deciduous, pioneer tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH to 47 cm).

Nyssa javanica (Bl.) Wang.

A large, evergreen or leaf-exchanging tree, growing 30-40 m tall (DBH to 90 cm).

Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.)

A small to medium-sized, light demanding, deciduous tree, growing up to 30 m tall.

Prunus cerasoides D. Don

A medium-sized, pioneer, deciduous tree, growing up to 16 m tall (DBH to 38 cm).

Quercus semiserrata Roxb.

A large, evergreen tree, growing up to 30 m tall (DBH to 1 m).

Rhus rhetsoides Craib

A medium-sized, pioneer, deciduous tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH to 30 cm).

Sapindus rarak DC.

A medium-sized, light-demanding, deciduous tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH 25 cm).

Sarcosperma arboreum Bth.

56

A medium-sized, shade-tolerant, evergreen tree, growing up to 20 m tall (DBH to 40 cm).

A medium-sized, pioneer, deciduous tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH to 86 cm).

Eugenia fruticosa (DC.) Roxb.

Ficus species Gmelina arborea Roxb.

The response to it in this project is to develop a new kind of reforestation model named “agro-reforestation” which tries to use rubber plantations as the base for reforestation since rubber plants are tropical rainforest species with the functions of soil protection and providing habitats for the wildlife, and at the same time economically viable.

When compared with the typical models, the agro-reforestation model will have two

A very large, light-demanding, deciduous, tree, growing up to 60 m tall (DBH to 2.4 m).

Archidendron clypearia (Jack) Niels.

Balakata baccata (Roxb.) Ess.

A medium-sized, shade tolerant, evergreen tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH to 50 cm).

Spondias axillaris Roxb.

A medium-sized, deciduous tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH to 50 cm).

Castanopsis acuminatissima (Bl.)

A medium-sized, shade-tolerant, evergreen tree, growing up to 25 m tall (DBH to 1 m).

Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib

A large, deciduous tree, growing up to 30 m tall (DBH to 1.5 m).

years delayed reforestation process but achieving over 80% of the rubber productions.

The agro-reforestation program is laid out in six consecutive years with the consideration of human resources in the village and the management of the existing plantations owned by the villagers. The first three phases of agro-reforestation aimed mainly at protecting the existing intact forest and rebuilding the wildlife corridor.

LIVING WITH RESERVOIR

balancing reforestation and livelihood

This project essentially described the conflicts between villagers and developer. Different forces are taken into account in the decision making and most importantly different possibilities to accomplish the conflict between development and livelihood are tested out in here. The scope and methods of testing out different scenarios is a very strategic approach of planning which is also ideas from landscape urbanism.

The ideas of landscape urbanism also show in the second part of the project. The suggested agro-reforestation program is a very innovative approach based on the studies of Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s latest reforestation model and Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s latest agroforestry model which can allows the regeneration of natural habitat at a very high ecological value and efficient way while still accommodating human use with high economic output.

57

100 YEAR TIME-LINE

a 100 year plan for Kalonehtar village

Overlay method as suggested by Ian McHarg is also heavily practiced in the decision making of laying out a ten year relocation program, choosing a proper relocation area with high economic value in terms of agriculture, and also deciding to have a reforestation program to reconnect the wildlife corridor. The use of overlay method no doubts can helps a lot in logical decision making and give a power support in 58

convincing people, while many forces and factors that we does not know and cannot know or doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t takes into account in ecological determinism due to the lack of time, capital, communication, actual experience, source and knowledge etc. Those factors that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t takes into account, in this case is the soil quality, detailed ground cover and culture etc. may be fatal to any project.

The anticipation of the future of Kalonehtar village is the most important part of this project. Rather than studying the culture of Kalonehtar village or designing the actual settlement patterns and landscapes like an ordaniary landscape architecture project, this project tries to leave the design for the designers in the future or to the villagers themselves and has just anticipated some scenes in the future, while putting most of

the efforts in laying out the whole framework and time-line for regenerating the livelihood and the ecologies in order to add some more flexibility and indeterminacy in the planning which is also due to the lack of crucial informations and resources. Therefore once the informations are gathered, adjustments and some more designs could be done while still keeping the framework that this project has sets up.

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SHANGHAI\

SUZHOU CREEK\

B

C

C’

A’ A’

B’

D’

C’ B’

D D’ D

LAND USE OF SUZHOU CREEK 2000

2000

2002

2002

2004

the development of land use along Suzhou creek LANDUSE DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

2004

LANDUSE DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT SECTION A-A’ SECTION MENGQING PARK | A-A’ ZHONGYUAN LIANGWANCHENG II

MENGQING PARK | ZHONGYUAN LIANGWANCHENG II

2000

SECTION B-B’ SECTION B-B’ LIANGWANCHENG II HONGZIJI | ZHONGYUAN

HONGZIJI | ZHONGYUAN LIANGWANCHENG II

2006

2010 -2014 2010 -2014

2006

SECTION C-C’ SECTION C-C’ CHANGHUA ROAD TERMINAL PARK |

CHANGHUA ROAD TERMINAL ZHONGYUAN LIANGWANCHENG II PARK | ZHONGYUAN LIANGWANCHENG II

SECTION D-D’ M50 |SECTION SUHE NO.1D-D’

M50 | SUHE NO.1

2000

2002 2002

2004 2004

2006 2006

2009- 20092014 2014 M50

M50

Residential Residential Area Area

BUILDING HEIGHT BUILDING HEIGHT

Commercial Commercial Area Area

Recreational Recreational Area Area

Warehouse & Factories Warehouse & Factories

Vacant / Under Construction Vacant / Under Construction

SPATIAL OPENNESS SPATIAL OPENNESS

Land-use of Suzhou creek had changed a lot throughout the history. Ranging from commercial area, residential area, recreational area, warehouse and factories to vacant or under constructions. When we line up the sections of different areas along Suzhou

creek in different time, we can see the trend of the land-use change as well as the building height and density change. Different trends in different locations of Suzhou creek can reflect the land value, ownership and history of that particular area.

63

WATERFRONT TYPOLOGY

an overview of land use and waterfront space

Land-use along Suzhou creek is relatively simple, especially for constructions in recent years which are mainly residential and commercial projects. It is easy to understand that the view and experience of Suzhou creek has bring this result.

But the waterfront space experience is not only for the one who own the land or live in that area, it is open to the public too, therefore the needs for serving the public is at the 64

most important place. Looking into the waterfront typologies we can see much more patterns than the land-use. Although it is good to have variations, the diversity of waterfront space also cause the problem of discontinuity, affecting the overall experience.

Moreover, some of the private sectors who own the land right next to the waterfront tries to fence off the waterfront space, limiting the access to the users only.

65

N

HISTORY AND POLICY a brief history of suzhou creek

CHANGHUA ROAD TERMINAL PARK CHANGHUA ROAD TERMINAL PARK

D

DEVELOPMENTFO

TIMELINE

FORMATION

TIMELINE

1913-15 1913-15

1998

OPENING OF FACTOFLOUR FACTOOPENING OF FLOUR RY(CONSERVED),3 NO.2 (CONSERVED),3 AND RY NO.2 AND 5 (CONSERVED) 5 (CONSERVED)

1998

2002

BEGINNING OF SUZHOU BEGINNING OF SUZHOU CREEK REHABILITATION CREEK REHABILITATION PROJECT PROJECT

2002

2015

ABANDONING OF ORIGINAL ABANDONING OF ORIGINAL OPENING OF COMMERCIAL FACTORY ZONE (PRESENT FACTORY ZONE (PRESENT COMPLEX (1000 TREE) TERMINAL PARK) TERMINAL PARK)

2015

OPENING OF COMMERCIAL COMPLEX (1000 TREE)

GOVERNMENT POLICY

1912

1966

FOUNDATION OF FUXIN 1912 FLOUR COMPANY

1999

RENAMED AS SHANGHAI 1966 FLOUR FACTORY

FOUNDATION OF FUXIN FLOUR COMPANY

Reformation of Shanghai 1999 Urban Master Planning Reformation of Shanghai

RENAMED AS SHANGHAI FLOUR FACTORY

Urban Master Planning

2010

OPENING OF SUZHOU CREEK2010 SIGHTSEEING BOAT TRIP AND OPENING OF SUZHOU CREEK TERMINAL PARK

SIGHTSEEING BOAT TRIP AND TERMINAL PARK

REVITALIZATION TIMELINE

REVITALIZATION TIMELINE DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT

BOAT TOUR ROUTE BUILDING REVITALIZATION

FORMATION

ABANDONED FACTORIES

BUILDING REVITALIZATION

SAILING SCHEDULE:

ABANDONED FACTORIES

1115 | 1345 | 1515 | 1645 35% CITY GREENING

FARE:

RIVERFRONT GREENING

One way Ticket: 80 RMB Return Ticket: 130 RMB

1979

2010

PARK TOURISM CONTINUITY OF WATERFRONT SPACE

GOVERNMENT POLICY

1979

CONTINUITY OF WATERFRONT SPACE RIVER REVITALIZATION

MONUMENT CONSERVATION

2010

SCENIC SPOT

PEIR

PEIR BOAT TRIP ROUTE FROM CHANGHUA ROAD TERMINAL PRAK

HISTORICAL BUILDING

HIGH FLOOD WALL L STAIRS RAMP

SECTION(2014)

CONSTRUCTION WALL BLOCK VIEW AND DEGRADED SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

TERMINAL PARK

Suzhou creek is the founding place of Shanghai, when we walk along the creek, we can see many clues of the Shanghai history. Historical events, government policies inCURRENT USAGE different periods, historical figures had shaped a lot the waterfront space.

ENCLOSURE

RENTED OUT IN SMALL UNITS FOR DIFFERENT PARTIES eg.

ARTIST

66

ENCLOSURE

2014 5M

FLOOD WALL AND WATERFRONT SPACE government policies as the design tool of waterfront spaces

One of the most distinct elements along Suzhou creek is the flood wall. In order to prevent flooding, the government has strict regulations on the flood walls after the Suzhou creek revitalization. The result of that is the flood walls are often too high that is even higher than a person, making the waterfront experience really bad as the water element is excluded to the users. The solution to it by the government is to lift up the

pedestrian along the waterfront, but it is not a good idea that people are not willing to walk up the stairs from our observation. Instead, people tries to walk on the vehicle lane right next to the pedestrian which may cause serious accidents. A later solution to this is to have terraced flood walls which the level of the pedestrian and the flood wall is lowered and a inland second flood wall is established usually in a subtle way.

67

WATERFRONT SPACE

land use versus spatial arrangement

Waterfront space is not only about the pedestrian along the river, it is also related to the space in-land. The accessibility to the waterfront, spatial openness, greenery, land use, etc. all these factors composite to the waterfront experience. In here, some 68

of the typical land uses (private housing, old neighbourhood, warehouse, park and multi-functional space) are picked with samples to analyse the waterfront experience with the factors of spatial arrangement, privacy and circulation taken into account.

69

FLOOD WALLS

study on individual spatial-dividing component

Flood walls, being one of the most important elements of Suzhou creek, has huge variations along the river-front. It was caused by different policies, developers and issues, for example, typical flood walls are stone walls while in recreational space and highend private residential area would use transparent or decorative metal fences instead.

70

Different type of flood walls provide different functions and user-experiences: stone walls are strict forward, cheap and easy, so people may wall on top of it to catch the fish.

Transparent and decorative fences are more expensive in cost and maintenance, but it allows people to see the water and looks more decent.

71

50 MOGANSHAN ROAD\

M50 ART DISTRICT

accessibility of 50 moganshan road

M50 ART DISTRICT

PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND PARKING SCALE 1:7500

FOREIGN TOURISTS TRAVELLED

BY TOUR COACH

METRO ROUTE

M50 BUILT-IN CAR PARK PLACE : 35

METRO STATION BUS ROUTE BUS STOP TOUR COACH DROPOFF CAR PARK OTHER COMMERCIAL CAR PARK

M50 EXTERNAL CAR PARK PLACE : 46

WALKING ROUTE FROM PUBLIC TRANSPORT

USER TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS

PRIVATE VEHICLE/TAXI

BUS

TRAVEL COACH

METRO

ART PIECE BUYER

1 6

2

3

4

5

ART RELATED PROFESSIONAL ARTIST FINE ART STUDENT FOREIGN TOURIST LOCAL TEENAGER

ART-RELATED SPACE TRAVELLING ROUTE

SALESMAN AND WORKER

FOR 50USERS Moganshan RoadVARIOUS is the remainPROGRAMS of a well known flour factory in Shanghai named Fu Xin flour factory. After1 the move-out of the factory, these buildings became vacant& STUDIO for a FURNITURE & GRAFFITI 2 CAFE 3 GALLERY long period of time. Many years after that, artists moved into this place simultaneously due to the cheap rent and the ease of tuning factory buildings into studios and exhibition halls.SECTION With time, more and more artists have moved in and this place becomes a

famous art space within Suzhou creek as well as Shanghai and the government named this 4place M50 to cerebrate the establishment zone.

FINE ART TUTORIAL 5 EXHIBITION HALLS of this art 6 ART WORKSHOP The problem in this situation is that the accessibility, spatial arrangement and the waterfront space is really bad which caused its low rent. This is also caused by the minimal revitalization done by the users as well as the preservation of historical buildings.

73

CALCULATION AND BOUNDARY a fragmented waterfront experience in m50

74

Located at one of the turning nodes of Suzhou creek, more than half of M50 is touching the water edge, and with the two main roads on west side and south side, M50 and its extension area is separated from the surroundings. Along the water edge upstream is the terminal park, one of the big public parks along the creek with much more visitors than M50. But the waterfront space connecting the park and M50 is blocked

a the wall that remains from the Fu Xin flour factory, therefore the visitors to the park cannot bring into M50. The only entrance of M50 is located at 50 Moganshan road which is right next to a large construction site and opposite to a large private high-rise residential area. The shading and the sense of private offered by the residential area and the construction site really discourage people from going into M50.

75

ART ECOLOGY IN CHINA

creating money as the only mean of art

In 2011, China has become the largest art market in the world, overtaking UK and USA. But it does not mean that art culture and education in China is well developed, the art industry of China is heavily biased to the commercial side, indicated by the excessively strong and expanding secondary art market â&#x20AC;&#x201C; auction house while the primary art market that allows direct interactions between art-creator and art-buyer is abnormally 76

weak and lacking, meaning that art is not related to ordinary peoples in China.

The price of art pieces in China is also generally unreasonably high as an abstract form of currency as well as is being speculative. Critisisms are ofter heard form the artist that the use of art pieces had became money making, corruption , money laundering rathar than buyers and users are enjoying the art piece.

SPACE-USER RELATIONSHIP attracting space factors to different user

The ecology of art in China is generally missing the place for local people which oppose to the imagery of the biggest art market in the world.

Therefore this project aims at generating back the art ecological cycle of the local side, by integrating art production, education and primary art market into the daily routine and daily activities of local communities, artists, art-buyers and art-tourists in the

form of impermanent outdoor waterfront exhibition space and hybridized art-living structures within M50 and M50 extension area.

The cycle is completed by connecting back to the current cycle through an auction house in order to offer a sustainable cycle as the consuming power of the local peoples are not euough yet to complete the cycle.

77

M50

a money making art-space

As the artist are moved-in in a simultaneous way and there is no existing management bodies, even the set-up of â&#x20AC;&#x153;M50â&#x20AC;? did not changed any physical arrangement within the site, therefore the distribution of programs in M50 are very disorganized. As suggested before, art-market in China is business based and the art- businesses are often one of the discouraging factors for local peoples to get involved in the art culture. The existing 78

physical arrangement of M50 created many conjunctions between the business routine, tourist routine and the local people routine. Furthermore, the set-up of M50 brings lots of foreign peoples into that area, these tourist are recognized as strangers by the local people. All these factors combines together and resulted in extreme low number of local visitors even M50 is at the centre of city.

M50+

planning as a tool to retrieve the meaning of m50

The first thing this project tries to do is a bottom-up approach which is to reorganize the routine of the local people, art-tourist and the art-buyers by replanning the program distribution only in order to facilitate the activities of each partiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; interest as well as encouraging local people to go into M50. After the replanning, activities that favour to the local people for example art-retail stores and art-workshops are planned next to the

Suzhou creek as the river-front is a very attracting factor to the local people. Activities the favour to the art-buyers are planned in the more inland area and the activities that favour to the art-tourists are planned between the art-buyers and the local people to act as a buffer. This part of the project also tries to reconnect the broken pieces of waterfront in order the increase the accessibility of M50.

79

CIRCULATION

a proper way to circulate around m50

In the new planning of M50: M50+, circulations of art-buyers, tourist and local people are separated but at the same time some programs that more that one parties may be interested in for example art-workshops are interested by both art-tourists and local peoples, exhibitions are interested by both art-buyers and art-tourists etc.

80

These programs are planned between the corresponding parties in order to encourage the communication between them. Allowing communications between different parties would be a healthy act to the art-ecologies.

ART CONSUMPTION

mode of art consumption in m50

The existing art ecologies are much based on the secondary market which is the action house. In each time, large amount of art-pieces with similar genre are sold in a quick and efficient way, and huge amount of money is involved therefore making the amount of art transaction had overcome UK and USA in 2011. In this project, through

the replanning of the programs, the chance of local involvement in art making and art-consuming is highly increased. In such case, a healthy art-ecology is regenerated by the primary market that is encouraged in the planning.

81

CHAOS TO DISCIPLINE

replanning as a way to rescue m50

The current settings of M50 can be described as in a chaos situation, different parties are mixed together in a very unhealthy way: communication is not possible, interactions are none. In order to solve this problem, it is important to reorganize the whole structure of M50, create safe zones for each parties in the first step. The next step would 82

be allowing interactions between the local people and the art-tourists. In this step, primary market is generated and it is a show case to the art-buyers and tries to attract them to go into the local side and finally it would be well mixed. This model can then be applied to many other art-zones in China to bring back the art ecology.

83

SITE STRATEGY

development of m50 and m50+

84

85

HATCH PLAN

86

M50+

an art-living space

87

ART-LIVING ZONE

RENDERING

art-bussiness zone \ main road

art-living zone \ outdoor exhibition space 90

art-living zone \ open market

art-living zone \ open market

STRATEGIES

building and planting strategies for m50+

92

art-living zone \ outdoor exhibition space, amphitheater

recreation zone \ interactive installation

MODULES

building and program modules for m50+

94

95

96

97

RECREATION ZONE \ WATERFRONT

LEE GARDEN ONE\

PODIUM REVOVATION LEE GARDEN ONE /F Landscape Deck - FloorINPattern Podium floor plan - landscape deck area

Lee Garden One is one of the first class commercial buildings with shopping mall at the lower floors owned by Hysan Development in Causeway Bay. In order to catch up with the contemporary style, Hysan Development decided to renovate the shopping

mall area together with the outdoor landscape deck area. The original landscape deck area has a feature wall and a shrub garden and is not accessible by the public. The new design tries to create a outdoor sitting and dinning area for the customers.

101

ELEVATION

2/F Landscape Before and after of Deck th renovation

Majority part of the renovation take place at the podium side.

102

LANDSCAPE DECK DESIGN

Plan, section andDeck elevation- Elevation & Section 2/F Landscape

The new podium design will replace the feature wall and remove the shrub garden to make room for the resting area. A much thinner feature is designed to allow room for a row of bamboos to be planted along the wall. Bamboo is used all over the renovation

area to create a new and refresh feeling to the users. Two doors are proposed to allow customers to enter and leave the landscape deck area from the shopping mall. Special light effects are also introduced to the feature wall.

103

RENDERING

104

FS (1:125)

ZEN GARDEN DESIGN Plan and design intensions

STEPPING STONES: CONNECTING INSIDE AND OUTSIDE

SAND RIVER: CONNECTING THE TWO ROOFS

ZOOM-IN PLAN (1:50) Not only the outdoor landscape deck area is renovated. Two indoor roof tops just inside of the landscape deck are also renovated to create a harmonized view and composition.

Zen Garden is decided to be the main theme of the roof design. This is because it has 106

linkage with the outdoor bamboo and at same time not overwhelming, cause the outdoor landscape deck is the main focus of this renovation. The use of Zen garden also match with the stone texture of the new feature wall.

FEATURE STONES: FOCAL POINT OF TWO ROOFS

ZOOM-IN PLAN (1:50)

107

GREEN ROOF DESIGN

Land as a tool for political and economic powers throughout history

GREEN ROOFS DESIGN INTENT 1 (1:125)

An alternative design is to use strips of moss to create patterns.

108

L

45.11 m

RENDERING

LEE GARDEN TWO\

TREE PLAN

Study on current site condition

As the renovation of Lee Garden One is taking place, being also a first class commercial and shopping complex, whether or not to renovate Lee Garden Two is on the table. The pedestrian area along Yun Ping Road outside of Lee Garden Two has a very unpleasant

area: only two small trees in poor form is located at the junction of Yun Ping Road and Pennington Street. As idea of having more trees or plantations comes out from the developerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mind, a study on the current site condition has carried out.

111

ODDS AGAINST THE PEASANTS

Land as a tool for political and economic powers throughout history

Connecting to Yun Ping Road, Hysan Avenue has lots of mature trees with beautiful flowers, fruits and form. A row of old and valuable tree (OVT) is also located there. At the other end of Yun Ping Road heading to Hysan Place also has a row of mature trees, 112

continue this row of tree till the end of the road connecting to Pennington Street seems to be a good idea to create a more pleasant feel as well as blending in to the existing environment.

ODDS AGAINST THE PEASANTS

Land as a tool for political and economic powers throughout history

113

ELEVATION

Option one: long and narrow planters

ELEVATION 2 - PLANTER OPTION 1 (1:20) After in-depth study and consulting different government departments and companies.

Adding a new row of tree in the project area seems to be impossible as the existing pedestrian is not wide enough to pass the new government regulation and there are 114

multiple underground utilities (UU) in the pedestrian area, relocating the UUs requires multiple years of construction, blocking the traffic, affecting the shops and users, and costing too much money.

SECTION

Option one: long and narrow planters

LONG PLANTER

CUPRESSACEAE 柏科 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 金針柏 Thuja orientalis 黃金側柏

PODOCARPACEAE 羅漢松科 Podocarpus macrophyllus 羅漢松

TAXACEAE 紅豆杉科 Taxus chinensis 紅豆杉

Evergreen

Evergreen

Evergreen; Fruiting: Sep-Nov

350

350

1000

Fibreglass (GRP) Metallic colour

Evergreen

2750 250

350

2150

REMARKS: SUBMISSION To LandsD is required, and will be circulated to LCSD and HyD for comments prior to approval.

350

1150

MAINTENANCE duty may need to beared by the proposer.

SECTION - PLANTER OPTION 1 (1:20) Replacing the original idea with the use of portable plants seems to be a better solution. A study on the size of planters and the choice of plant materials has carried out.

Three sets of planter and plant combinations are designed for different scenarios: use

longer and narrow planter with shrubs to solve the problem of not wide enough pedestrian, use planter with hanging plants and poster area to create extra advertisement space, and use a big planter with small trees to mimics the original idea.

115

ELEVATION

Option two: planter with poster

HANGING PLANTER Bougainvillea glabra 簕杜鵑

GROUND PLANTER Ajuga reptans 匍筋骨草

Fuchsia spp. 吊鐘海棠

Duranta erecta 金露花

Flowering: May-Sep

Flowering: Apr-Dec

Viola odorata 香堇菜

Spathiphyllum kochii 白掌

Flowering: Jan-May Pilea cadierei 花葉冷水花

Zebrina pendula 吊竹草

Arachis duranensis 蔓花生

Flowering: Mar-Oct

ELEVATION - PLANTER OPTION 3 (1:20) Option two.

116

SECTION

Option three: planter for small trees

CUBE PLANTER

MORACEAE 桑科 Ficus benjamina ‘Variegata’ 花葉垂榕

Ficus microcarpa ‘Golden leaf‘ 金葉榕

CASUARINACEAE 木麻黃科 Casuarina nana 千頭木麻黃

Evergreen

Evergreen

Evergreen

650

650

650

Fibreglass (GRP) Metallic colour

2750 250

650

1850

REMARKS:

650

MAINTENANCE duty may need to beared by the proposer.

1600

SUBMISSION To LandsD is required, and will be circulated to LCSD and HyD for comments prior to approval.

SECTION - PLANTER OPTION 2 (1:20) Option three.

117

NEW YORK Buffalo Park System

the

city

within

a

garden

NEW TERR. Ho Sheung Hueng

wetland agriculture of Hong Kong

HK ISLAND Cape

Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Aguilar

elements of natural landscape

HK ISLAND Pok Fu Lam Village

wayfinding system and tourist guide

GUANGXI Dabao Village Area

allpication of fences in playground

FENCE AND CLIMBING BARS

FENCE AND SHELTER

PLAN

CIRCULATION SCALE 1:50

SECTIONS 2 SCALE 1:20

AXONOMETRIC SCALE 1:20

SEAT AND SHELTER

ELEVATION SCALE 1:20

A-4

A-5

A-6

A-7

A-8

A-1

A-2

A-3

A-4

A-5

2080

B-3

B-5

30°

30°

B-6

B-7

B-8

30°

B-1

30°

120°

B-2

2068

B-6

100°

105°

B-7

1

SCALE 1:20

A

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

B

B-8

3

4

5

6

7

8

1770

150°

1860

135°

1994

2038

2082 90°

SECTIONS

30° 30°

85°

80°

75°

150°

150°

135°

150°

30°

125°

120°

115°

110°

2068

150°

2080

30°

30° 30°

95°

45°

30°

45°

150°

1770

30°

1860

1934

45°

1994

150°

2038

2068

2082

B-5

90°

95°

100°

30° 30°

150°

2080

2038

B-4

30°

30°

150°

WEST TO EAST

30°

30°

105°

110°

115°

B-3

150°

90°

A-8

30°

30°

125°

B-4

30°

1934

1860

1770

90°

1994

60°

85°

80°

75°

70°

65°

B-2

2082

2068

2038

1994

150°

60°

B-1

60°

150°

150°

55°

150°

150°

150°

150° 150°

1934

1770

1860

150° 150°

A-7

150°

30°

120° 120°

A-6

2080

A-3

2082

A-2

1934

A-1

70°

150°

65°

SECTIONS

1

SCALE 1:20

A

EAST TO WEST

2

3

4

5

55°

60°

6

7

8

1

2

B

3

4

5

6

7

8

HK ISLAND Happy

Park,

HKU

a r t - i n s t a l l a t i o n

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