Sustainable Development Goals To Architecture

Sustainable Development Goals To Architecture GROUP 5

CONTENTS Acknowledgments

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1

introduction

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SDG 2: Zero Hunger

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SDG 3: Good health and well being

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SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

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SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

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SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

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SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

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SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

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SDG 13: Climate Action

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SDG 15: Life on Land

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SDG 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thanks to Ms Suja to tutor and guide us in the SDG goal book and lead us to success. We also appreciate for Ms Salvi’s hardwork on guiding us.

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INTRODUCTION The Sustainable Development Goals are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate, environmental degradation, prosperity, and peace and justice. The Goals interconnect and in order to leave no one behind, it ís important that we achieve each Goal and target by 2030. Click on any specific Goal below to learn more about each issue.

In September 2015, the General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Building on the principle of “leaving no one behind”, the new Agenda emphasizes a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development for all. The SDGs also explicitly include disability and persons with disabilities 11 times.

Disability is referenced in multiple parts of the SDGs, specifically in the parts related to education, growth and employment, inequality, accessibility of human settlements, as well as data collection and the monitoring of the SDGs.Although, the word “disability” is not cited directly in all goals, the goals are indeed relevant to ensure the inclusion and development of persons with disabilities.

The newly implemented 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development holds a deep promise for persons with disabilities everywhere.

The year 2016 marks the first year of the implementation of the SDGs. At this critical point, envision 2030 will work to promote the mainstreaming of disability and the implementation of the SDGs throughout its 15-year lifespan with objectives to:

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Raise awareness of the 2030 Agenda and the achievement of the SDGs for persons with disabilities; Promote an active dialogue among stakeholders on the SDGs with a view to create a better world for persons with disabilities; and Establish an ongoing live web resource on each SDG and disability.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 2 : ZERO HUNGER

To end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.

TARGETS 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons 2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed 6

2.A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries 2.B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round 2.C Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility Built environment /architecture responses to SDG 2 : Zero hunger Hunger is the leading cause of death in the world. Our planet has provided us with tremendous resources, but unequal access and inefficient handling leaves millions of people malnourished. If we promote sustainable agriculture with modern technologies and fair distribution systems, we can sustain the whole world’s population and make sure that nobody will ever suffer from hunger again.

Response Due to non direct relationship of architecture towards food, actions taken in order to fulfill the responding involvement in achieving zero hunger are carried out in forms of enhanced lifestyles in agriculture, sustainable crop farming initiatives and building of greenhouses to promote better growth and food production.

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LOCAL: LADANG CARE Architect : Malaysian Care Location : Chenderiang, Perak Year: 1979

Source : https://www.malaysiancare.org/care-projects/ladang-care/ Description Fresh scent of cultivated vegetation fills the air on the 15-acre land, bordered via 2 lovely rivers, 10km from the Chenderiang city in Perak. two This is Ladang Care, the place we engage in a long-term developmental effort with the Orang Asli community.

And we are increasing this Community Development Extension Centre.

Challenges The Orang Asli are among the unfortunate community in Malaysia with 50% dwelling under the poverty line without proper food source as well as secured food supply.

Traditional agricultural activities have always been their fundamental form of sustenance. Whilst industrial agriculture has aided in assuaging poverty, the side-effect of biodiversity loss and degradation of natural forests is detrimental. By easing the hassle of poverty, some other bigger issue is truly looming when the environment is being compromised.

Contribution The Community Development Extension Centre conducts Sustainable Agriculture training, researches and demonstrates cultivation of a number of crops, farm animals and technologies. The majority of our trainees in the sustainable agriculture guides have been Orang Asli farmers and native community people from Sabah and Sarawak.

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Some farmers have taken the seed of understanding to be nurtured again in their own village and we are with them step-by-step. Currently, they are working with 31 villagers in Perak and Pahang, and are planning to lengthen the offerings to East Malaysia.

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GLOBAL: IMPACT FARM, COPANHAGEN Architect: Human Habitat Location: Copanhagen Year: 2016

Source : https://atlasofthefuture.org/project/impact-farm/ Description The farms are designed for disassembly making it possible to accommodate brief lease and transferring of site, which is a frequent issue in metropolitan areas in excessive demand. Also the farm is designed as a social venue for neighborhood constructing in the ground floor. In Copanhagen the farm has raised awareness of city farming and its advantages via instructional workshops, concerts, food & cooking festivals, and a majority of the produce has been dispensed to nearby cafés and restaurants.

Challenges The growing urbanization and growth of cities into mega cities make focus of resilience, aid effectivity and meals security more important. Resources and time spent on transport and provision of some primary food, can be saved through local farming.

Also shortage of water and electricity in many places, makes it important to innovate 10

cropping systems, making them more resource efficient. Impact Farm aims at rethinking neighborhood food supply, however in the contexts where it has been built so far, the emphasis has been put on community constructing and education.

Contribution The greenhouse is designed as a fantastically environment friendly agricultural system, with the capacity to produce two-three tonnes of plants a year on solely 50m/2.This is made possible by way of a so known as hydrophobic system, the place vegetation are cultivated without soil, enabling cultivation to enlarge upwards across a couple of levels.Rainwater are collected for the usage of irrigation, then they are recirculated through the system of a closed loop. The technique of hydrophobic cultivation results in extensive financial savings in the use of freshwater at 70-85% in contrast to greater conventional techniques of production.

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GLOBAL: THE MICHIGAN URBAN FARMING INITIATIVES Architect : Tyson Gersh and Darin McLeskey Location : Detroit, USA Year : 2011

Source: https://www.miufi.org/ https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/aea7za/turning-derelict-buildings-into-an-urbanfarm-in-detroit Description Tyson Gersh and Darin McLeskey, then-students at the University of Michigan, headquartered the Michigan Urban Farming Initiative (MUFI) in 2011. They met at a assembly for The Detroit Partnership, a pupil team that fosters relations between the college and Detroit. The first project for MUFI was once the institution of their principal site in the North End district of central Detroit. Since its founding, most of MUFI's efforts have gone to the improvement of this site.

Challenges A 2017 Detroit Food Metrics Report confirmed that nearly half of of all Detroit households are missing dependable get admission to to a enough extent of affordable, nutritious food. At the same time the shrinking town has inside its limits an vicinity of vacant a lot equivalent to the vicinity of the town of Paris. In the face of these challenges a culture of urban agriculture has emerged, which has set Detroit at the forefront of progressive urban farming.

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Contribution Located in Detroit’s North End neighborhood, the campus of Michigan Urban Farming Initiatives (MUFI) covers greater than 1 ha. Of city land. Within its footprint, the campus points a series of projects, each of which is in various degrees of development. Approximately one 0.33 of the campus is devoted to production farming, every other 1/3 to interactive agriculture, and the ultimate 1/3 to hardscaped space. Since it started operation in 2011, MUFI has been able to row and distribute over 22,000 kilos of produce - grown the use of natural methods - to over 2,000 households inside 2 – square miles at no cost to the recipients.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 03: GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages.

TARGETS 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births.

3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births.

3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases.

3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.

3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.

3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.

3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.

3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.

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3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.

3.a Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate.

3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all.

3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States.

3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks.

Built environment /architecture responses SDG 3: GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING The architecture design can affect the health and well-being of its occupants. The design features, such as improved lighting, better air quality and planting can positively impact people's health and well-being. On the other hand, a green building concept is more than just environmental friendly, it also provide a healthier, happier and much more productive as well as reducing emission from building. Hence, it can reduce pollution and improve the air quality resulted in benefiting the human lives.

Response    

Ventilation system design affect and may improve the interior air quality.

Opening design such as windows are able to allow light to penetrate through the building, sufficient light can positively impact people's mental health.

Greenery design can improve building interior air quality due to the plantation can filter the fine particle and also produce CO2.

A harmonious design of the building can bring people a peaceful feeling and may improve their mental health and well-being.

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LOCAL: HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA Architect: Hijjas Architects & Planners Location: Putrajaya, Malaysia Year: 2014

Source: https://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2018/12/03/heriot-wattuniversity-malaysia-hosts-christmas-open-day-on-dec-16 http://www.futurarc.com/project/heriot-watt-university-malaysia/ Description Heriot-Watt University the first green campus in Malaysia. The campus sits beside a stunning lakeside location providing an excellent environment, close to Putrajaya marina and its modern leisure and sports facilities. The exterior design of this campus is a big green roof elevated from the ground; it is the most recognisably sustainable feature of the campus.

Challenges The huge green roof design features improved the campus interior environment quality and the campus is located right beside the lake to bring in the natural positive view into the campus in order to improve the people mental health quality.

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Contribution The campus roof shades naturally ventilated space below, reduces thermal transmittance. Beside of that, passive design features include campus lighting ‘powered’ by the maximum use of natural daylight, a rainwater harvesting system and optimised air conditioning and thermal control system. The overall campus design bring in sufficient natural light and air into the interior hence to improve the interior environment quality, the big green roof that elevated from the ground and the campus is located right beside the lake it brings the positive view and feeling to the staff and students, it is very suitable for the staff and students release stress and improve their mental health when working or studying.It end up to improve the interior quality of the campus and mental health of the people.

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GLOBAL: BOSCO VERTICALE (VERTICALE FOREST) Architect: Stefano Boeri, Gianandrea Barreca and Giovanni La Varra (Boeri Studio) Location: Milan, Italy Year: 2014

Source: https://www.gardendesignjournal.com/features/project-bosco-verticale https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bosco_verticale.jpg https://www.cottodeste.us/projects/bosco-verticale Description Bosco Verticale also known as Vertical Forest, a sustainable design concept of residential building, it seems to be almost covered by green plants. The main concept of this building is regeneration of the environment and urban biodiversity without the implication of expanding the city upon the territory.

Challenges Air pollution from urban areas may affect human health. To overcome this issue, the main design concept of this building is use green plantation to cover the building in order to filter the air and improve the indoor air quality.

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Contribution The building is largely self-sufficient, equipped with solar panels, geothermal heating and grey-water system that irrigate the greenery. The Vertical forest that located in every single floor helps to build a microclimate system to filter fine particles such as dust or haze from the urban area. The microclimate system which will also produces humidity and absorb CO2, produce oxygen, and protect against radiation and noise pollution which resulted in improving indoor environment to the residents, hence to positively impact the health and well-being.

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GLOBAL: ATLAS HOTEL HOIAN Architect: Vo Trong Nghia (VNT Architects) Location: Quang Nam, Vietnam Year: 2016

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/799842/atlas-hotel-hoian-vo-trong-nghiaarchitects/5832f004e58eceb1c100032e-atlas-hotel-hoian-vo-trong-nghia-architectsphoto?next_project=yes Description Atlas Hotel is located in Hoi An Old Town, the wall of the building are built from locally-sourced sandstones block and the building installed more than hundreds cantilevering planters in between the exposed concrete floor slabs so that the greenery appear at all the façades balconies, along the narrow corridor and rooftop as well.

Challenges

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This building combines the charm of the old town, The design concept of this building is to reconnect the guest with nature and improve the interior environment quality by allowing the natural air and light penetrate into the building without using any air conditioner in order to reduce the emission of CO2.

Contribution The building façade filled with greenery; the planters are arranged along the entire façade of the building not only provide shading but also allows cooler air ventilate to the interior spaces. Beside this, natural light is also able to filter in through perforation in the stone wall without causing heat buildup. The design of this is able to minimise the use of air conditioner and bring in more natural light and air into the building consequence in improving the interior air quality and natural ventilation. Natural ventilation and good lighting system can also help to positively improve people's mental health and well-being.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 07: AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

TARGETS 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services 7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix 7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency 7.A By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology 7.B By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support.

Built environment /architecture responses SDG 7: AFFORADABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY The architectural design of a building or space have to be environmentally friendly to bring up the least impact to the environment. Environmental issue such as economy reliant on fossil fuels and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions creating drastic changes to our climate system. This is having a visible impact on every continent.Therefore, clean energy has to be introduced to ensure that people have appropriate usage of renewable energy in the world.

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Reduce usage of non-renewable energy such as burning of fossil fuel hence reduce air pollution.

Promote consumption of clean energy so create awareness of the importance of usage of renewable energy that bring up less negative impact to the world.

Expanding infrastructure and upgrading technology to provide clean energy sources in all developing countries.

Focusing on the alternative way to minimise the usage of high energy consumption equipment to reduce the side effects that contribute to the environmental problem.

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LOCAL: PKNS HQ by Veritas Group Architect: Veritas Group Location: Shah Alam, Malaysia Year: 2016

Source: https://theveritasdesigngroup.com/portfolio/architecture/officebuildings/perbadanan-kemajuan-negeri-selangor-headquarters-(pkns-hq).html https://www.pkns.gov.my/en/corporate-info/vision-and-mission Description PKNS HQ located at the edge of a man-made lake in the heart of the Shah Alam administrative centre. This building consist of six-storey and it contains five floors of office lots and a ground floor retail space that encourage business activities to be held.

Ramping up to views in panoramic level, the oversailing roof doubles back on the lake's side and connect with a pedestrian walkway. This green promenade is set to be a prominent venue from where people can enjoy views of the surrounding area or act as a gathering point for events. The area displaced by the built-up of the building is thus reclaimed and returned to the public real Challenges Least usage of the climate advantage in tropical countries like Malaysia that enjoy hot 24

and humid weather all year around without four seasons. Tropical climate should be utilised efficiently such as converting sunlight into renewable energy such as solar energy to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy that bring negative impact to the surrounding environment.

Contribution Renewable energy such as solar energy had been applied to this building to minimise the bad impact contributes to the surrounding environment. This building had achieved 60% energy reduction compared to other typical Malaysian commercial buildings, which equivalent to approximately 2.4 million kg of carbon dioxide diverted per year (similar to 17 million km of car driving). This building adopts Solar Absorption Cooling by implementing 1200m2 of evacuated-tubes solar collectors to capture solar heat, and reveal as the second largest installation among Asia. Besides, a massive green roof of 5600m2 covers majority of the building’s roof surface for public usage. The design of the roof provides absorption of solar radiation, evaporative respiration and promotes rainwater recycling. This headquarter promotes best practice in passive design implementation achieving the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) of 24.13W/m2. It is constructed with double glazing to ensure envelope optimisation and offers sloped ceilings to increase amount of daylight penetration. The design of the building also fulfilled the mission of the board of administration which aim to nurture a vibrant and sustainable living through continuous innovation that green equipment like solar panel had installed on the roof of this building.

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GLOBAL: WAITAKERE CIVIC CENTRE Architect: Architectus, Athfield Architects Location: Waitakere, Auckland Year: 2006

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/124974/waitakere-civic-centre-architectusathfield-architects https://worldgbc.org/clean-air-buildings/causes https://bosscontrols.com/buildings-impact-environment/ Description Designed by Architectus in conjunction with Athfield Architects and sited adjacent to the North Auckland Rail Line, the new Civic Centre comprises three main components – the Civic Wing consisting the Council Chamber, Councillor’s facilities and the Directorate; the Administration Wing including public interface facilities and open-plan office space for council staff and the Link element, which forms the main public access and pedestrian connection to the new rail station and local business district. Local cultural heritage is expressed in particular in the Council Chamber, the form of which reflects that of a gourd, a significant artefact for local iwi (Maori people).

Challenges Lack of implication of clean energy in working space is the main factor that contributes to environmental pollution such as the bad gases released from air conditioner and excessive use of lighting in working area. Large percentage of water also been wasted out of all the amount of water used.

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Contribution Energy efficiency has been achieved through measures such as extensive sun screening, high levels of thermal insulation, integrated air floors and extensive use of natural daylighting. All of this measure had contributed to the application of renewable energy and ensure fully access of clean energy in this building. The construction materials have been carefully chosen from sustainable and recyclable sources. Water use within the building has been minimised and storm water is treated on site through green roofs and rain gardens that is built prior to entering the public system. Within the Administration Wing, a grand staircase provide connection to the staff areas across a five storey void hence to discouraging lift usage and promoting staff interaction and socialisation in urban working building.

GLOBAL: OFFICE IN TOKUSHIMA Architect: OHArchitecture Location: Itano district, Tokushima Year: 2016

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/796624/office-in-tokushima-oharchitecture Description The office building is located in a residential area in Itano district, Tokushima prefecture. There is a combination of new and old houses, which are well planned or have been there for a long time. In this site location, the building is required the consideration for these houses which have different time axis of life. On the other 27

hand, it also should open to outside as a place in which various people are in and out to produce new ideas.

In this plan, they thought about how to integrate the office to the surrounding environment. As a method, instead of delineating the inside and the outside, they proposed to devise a way to cover both sides as an office space integrally. The space is made up of the “cover” instead of walls and roof that act as boundaries that separate inside and outside, or windows that obliterate the border between inside and outside.

Challenges Emission of carbon dioxide gas by high energy consumption appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators contribute to rises of surrounding temperature.

Temperature increase gradually by years causing depletion of ozone layer and clean energy should apply in building to reduce the effect caused by it.

Contribution This “cover” which opens like an umbrella takes in the soft reflected light inside and act as shielding to the direct sunlight, and ventilates from the top region by the wind blowing up along the “cover”. In this way, this cover makes the space homogeneous and comfortable in a technical way. The “cover” has the internal space wear the external environment and cooperated with the existing natural environment. As a result, it has achieved a rich office space which ensuring both concentration and relaxation. First and second floors of this building is concrete finishing that driving the hot water pipe. It functions to be a thermal storage as minimising the heating effect on this building, and it can also reduce the air-conditioning load. As a result, it realizes the office in a comfortable way without implement air draft from the air-conditioner.

Hence, it minimised the usage of air-conditioner that contribute to the thermal pollution causes the emission of carbon dioxide gas.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 08: DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

TARGET 8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries.

8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labourintensive sectors.

8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services.

8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead.

8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value.

8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training.

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8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms.

8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment.

8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.

8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all.

8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries.

8.b By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization.

Built environment /architecture responses SDG 8: DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

Response   

A healthy workplace increases the efficiency of the work and creates a drastic rise of productivity.

It rises the financial activity surrounding the building itself.

Increasing financial level.

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LOCAL: POINT 92 Architect: Zlg Design Location: Damansara Perdana, Malaysia Year: 2012

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/386153/900-zlg-design Description This formidable office building is situated on a sloped site, overlooking Damansara Perdana and its ribbons of highways. The play of ambience through the incorporation of day lighting with façade treatment is a tried and true timeless aesthetic, as are the impeccable play of materials the architects are known for. Staying true to the intention of creating an ambience that includes the surrounding context to the inteio of the building, visitors will experience a breathtaking view of Damansara Perdana as they reach the lobby through a slowly rising escalating step way above the drop off. Despite its small size, the planting of about 500 trees around the site give rise to the feeling of dense vegetation surrounding the main arrival floor space. This deck allows visitors to take in the view by providing randomly placed precast concrete benches that encourages despite while wooden lanterns with marine plywood ceilings buttoned tightly against a raw concrete under croft create a soothing canopy. The reception desk with a pandomo recessed and undulating rebated wall greets the visitor and reminds them of the graphics and geometry of the building’s façade walls.

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Challenges Consideration of the construction material that suitable for internal working space for user and it bring less impact to the environment. A practical working space integrate with natural element to boost the productivity of the workers and enhance the working environment.

Contribution As an office plan, the generating feature of the floor plate is in fact a cut-out space which comprises of several levels of voids connected through gardens and meshes of vertical planting. The centre support column is braced to either side with different thickness of beams each corresponding to different floor forces framing the vertical space that is the garden. The terrace is specially lit and designed grandly to give the viewers from outside a taste of the garden. A practical working space integrate with natural element to boost the productivity of the workers and enhance the working environment.

In facts of materiality, to show that simple local materials can be crafted to create a building that is appealing and distinctive, local materials were carefully design and crafted, combine to give a feel that is natural and pleasing. Off form white concrete and local marine plywood were chosen as the main materials. To overcome the problem of building on a slope, the design opted for in situ concrete wall instead of the usual precast concrete solutions. Not only was it necessary to use metal formwork in sets to meet with a target schedule, it is also informed of the uniformity issues if the façade was casted in regular sequences. Hence the randomly casted sequence. Elegantly rising from the slopes, the slanting walls in the façade continues the natural geometry of the site while the rectangular punctuations complement the ever developing built environment in Damansara Perdana.

Point 92 is also a certified green building by the Green Building Index (GBI) of Malaysia. A key green feature is the insitu placed white concrete façade, which comprises of 150mm thick walls with only 38% openings for windows, minimizing heat gain while maintaining optimum natural light in the office spaces. The design consideration has promote secure working environments for all workers in a way that greenery is widely distributed in this building.

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GLOBAL: HUAWEI HEADQUARTERS OX HORN CAMPUS Owner: Huawei company Location: Dongguan, China Year: April, 2019

Source: https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2019/05/photos-of-huaweis-europeanthemed-campus-in-china/589342/ Description Huawei Ox Horn Campus is a European-themed model village constructed on the south shore of Songshan Lake in Dongguan, Guangdong province, China. It was constructed in the late-2010s to house the research and development offices of technology company Huawei.

Challenges An unhealthy workspace causes low efficiency of work. A relaxing environment inspires the employee raising the work efficiency.

Contribution Huawei OX Horn Campus is an European-themed modern village production center.

It is divided into 12 different theme village which provided to each department in total of 25000 employees. For every department, the common point of all the theme villages are all relaxing and poetic which inspires the employee and raise work efficiency.

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GLOBAL: YAHOO HEADQUARTERS USA Owner: Yahoo inc.

Location: Sunnyvale, California, USA Year: 2001

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!

Description Yahoo Headquarters is located in Sunnyvale, California, USA. As a classical IT company, Yahoo Headquarters is also a tourist area opening to the citizens around the area. It has sustanable environment which is quite worth it to walk around.

Challenges The certain area has low economical ups and downs causing the slow development.

Yahoo Headquarter located at that area to stimulate the economic growth of the area.

Contribution As a classical IT company, Yahoo Headquarters is not just an administrative office but also tourist point in the area.Tickets are required to enter and there are streets and shops in the area. It’s like a small sustainable town which provides citizen to do business over the area, and also the tourism point which stimulates the economy growth of the area.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 09: INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.

TARGET 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.

9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries.

9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets.

9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.

9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending.

9.A Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, 35

least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States.

9.B Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities.

9.C Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020.

Built environment /architecture responses SDG 9: INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Investment in infrastructure and innovation are crucial drivers of economic growth and development. With over half the world population now living in cities, mass transport and renewable energy are becoming ever more important, as are the growth of new industries and information and communication technologies.

Response   

Upgrade old buildings to make it more sustainable.

Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure.

Include economical development while building sustainable infrastructures.

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GLOBAL:TANGSHAN ORGANIC FARM Architect: Archstudio Location: farmland on the fringe area of Guye district, Tangshan, China.

Year: 2016

source:https://www.archdaily.com/798694/tangshan-organic-farm-archstudio Description The project is found within the farmland on the fringe space of Guye district, Tangshan.

The site could be a 6000m² regular flatland with villages and houses scattered around. the essential function of the building is acting as a process workshop of organic food.

Challenges decrease energy waste and waste matter level whereas providing a full process of improvement on agricultural activity.

Contribution Tangshan Organic Farm could be a workplace that is full of natural atmosphere and suppleness.It is an upgraded infrastructure and retrofit industries to form them sustainable. The central courtyard spans out around the building indiscriminately, topologically form a courtyard space of multiple layers, that meets the demand for natural ventilation and natural lighting decreasing the extent of energy waste. it's a resilient infrastructure that acts as a process workshop of organic food from raw materials to packaging in an exceedingly manner of fulfilling the resilient of interconnected ecosystems whereas rising agricultural productivity.Tangshan organic farm is an upgraded infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable which is previously a scattered village.

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GLOBAL: ROTTTERDAM’S FLOATING PARK Architect: A group of students in Rotterdam, Netherland Location: Rotterdam, Netherland Year: 2017

Source: https://www.businessinsider.my/rotterdam-floating-park-made-out-of-recycledplastic-waste-2018-7/?r=US&IR=T Description Rotterdam’s Floating Park is found in Rotterdam’s waterways,Netherlands. it's a floating economical structure create by unrenewable plastic waste by a bunch of university students.

Challenges As world climate change and global situation intensify, unrenewable waste is polluting the nature habitat.The challenge is to utilize the unused waste and additionally create/protect the natural habitat itself to achieve resilient infrastructure goals.

Contribution Rotterdam’s Floating Park is an economical infrastructure that created out of plastic recycled from Rotterdam’s waterways. it's also a transborder infrastructure which opens 38

to public. The recycled plastic is built into polygonal shape pods, that mimic the landscape of Rotterdam’s Maas river before humans altered the landscape, according to the Recycled Island Foundation. the park’s plastic hexagons were designed for not only human but additionally to be prime habitat for native water birds, plants, fish, and even alga. The pods will be used to create gardens, as habitat for wildlife, and that they will be form into completely different seating arrangements. Also, it includes litter traps that forestall any plastic waste from getting into the ocean.

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LOCAL: ONE UTAMA SHOPPING CENTRE Owner: Bandar Utama City Centre Sdn Bhd Location: Selangor, Malaysia Year: 2003

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Utama Description 1 Utama shopping mall is placed in Bandar Utama, Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Opened in 1995, its gross settled house totals 5,592,015 sq. feet (519515²). it is the most significant mall in Malaysia and additionally the seventh largest within the planet.This shopping center has the largest rooftop garden and therefore the Secret Garden in southeast asia (30,000 sqft).

Challenge As the numerous energy waste in shopping malls, a property upgrade of the building is required to be additional resilient and energy saving to satisfy the property goals by conversion renewable energy to support the building.

Contribution 1 Utama shopping mall is that the 1st property store and it's the most important rooftop garden and therefore the secret garden in Malaysia. Not just for foliage purpose, the rooftop garden is really one of the renewable energy assortment purpose, that collects 12.08 gallons of rain per year, preserved 16.46% water usage.Also,1 Utama shopping mall 40

has intelligent building automation system that helps to conserve 15% of energy. it's an upgraded building (old wing+new wing) that supports economic development and human well-being.

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SUSTAINABLE GOAL 11 : SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

TARGET 11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities

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11.A Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning 11.B By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels 11.C Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials Built environment /architecture responses SDG 11: SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES Making cities sustainable means creating career and business opportunities, safe and affordable housing, and building resilient societies and economies. It involves investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways.

Responses     

Promotes sustainable living by implementing green public spaces within city Large scale usage of vegetation in city reduces air pollution Safe, accesible and sustainable transport system to solve connectivity of places and community Community linkage by providing public spaces for events and activity Save and healthy Transportation option

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LOCAL: KLCC PARK Architect: Roberto Burle Marx Location: Kuala Lumpur City Centre Year: 1998

Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/357754764132252097/?lp=true https://cdn.kuaby.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/wading-pool-klcc-park.jpg https://www.molon.de/galleries/Malaysia/KL/KL_CC/images01/04%20KLCC%20 park.jp Description A park which is located within the city centre of Kuala Lumpur surrounded by buildings and communities. It is a contrasts as a calm environment in the midst of the hustle and bustle of the city.

Challenges Connectivity between buildings and the highly congested city traffic. Lack of greeneries which increases the air pollution within the city.

Contribution Provide a better option of transportation option, where people move from buildings to building around it by walking thru the park instead of driving, reducing the congestion of road traffic due to lesser vehicle usage. Safer transportation option provided by the

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park to surrounding community. Minimizing adverse per capita environmental impact of cities by reducing the use of fuel consuming vehicle which reduce air pollution.

Attention towards air pollution is paid by bringing vegetations into the city centre which promotes sustainable and healthy living towards community nearby.

It also serve as a universal green public space which is accessible and save for all age. It also provides a community link towards surrounding community providing public spaces for public events and healthier lifestyle within a city.

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GLOBAL: THE HIGH LINE NEW YORK Architect : Piet oudolf , charles enfro , James corner Location New york Year : 2009

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/24362/the-new-york-high-line-officially-open Description The High Line is a 1.5–mile long public park built on an abandoned elevated railroad stretching from the Meatpacking District to the Hudson Rail Yards in Manhattan.

Inspired by the melancholic, unruly beauty of this post industrial ruin, where nature has reclaimed a once vital piece of urban infrastructure, the new park interprets its inheritance. It translates the biodiversity that took root after it fell into ruin in a string of site–specific urban micro-climates along the stretch of railway that include sunny, shady, wet, dry, windy, and sheltered spaces.

Challenges The wild seeded landscape left after the line had been abandoned. A waste of land that can a greening opportunity and the left over transportation line that can be convert to alternative transportation option.

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Contribution It is an extraordinary gift to our city’s future .The promenade has initiated more than 30 new projects in the nearby neighborhood, including Renzo Piano’s new satellite for the Whitney Museum of American Art. Greening opportunities within the congested and polluted city of New York,more than one hundred different species of plants, selected from nurseries along the East Coast, were planted. It provides a universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible green and public space towards the city and the community nearby which enchance the sustainability of the cities and promotes sustainable living of the community.

Greeneries brought into city reduces adverse per capita environmental impact of the city. Greeneries used as a tool to maintain the air quality.

Provides a alternative transportation options to linked community ,This highline links different places and different community , it provides a healthier and save transportation options (walking) to the people, people could walk in a save pedestrian garden above ground level compare to crossing huge highways and roads with congested traffics at the same time enjoying healthy atmosphere provided by the greeneries. This new transportation option not only promotes better living style , it also reduces the use of cars and public transport which in return reduces pollution in the city.

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GLOBAL: RAISED GARDEN OF SANTS IN BARCELONA Architect: Sergi Godia, Ana Molino architects Location: Barcelona Spain Year: 2016

Source : https://www.archdaily.com/801120/raised-gardens-of-sants-in-barcelonasergi-godia-plus-ana-molino-architects/58491b22e58ece82c300020d-raised-gardens-ofsants-in-barcelona-sergi-godia-plus-ana-molino-architects-photo?next_project=no Description An urban renewal project for the Sants railway corridor. Putting it underground, confine it inside a lightweight, transparent box for a good part of the section, with the roof being turned into an 800-metre-long raised and landscaped boulevard which would later be extended along the neighbouring municipalities as far as Cornellá, giving rise to a 5-km-long “green corridor”.

Challenges The line of train and metro tracks through the district of Sants (Barcelona) has been an open wound in its urban fabric, dividing the district into two virtually unconnected parts along an 800-metre section, from Plaza de Sants to calle Riera Blanca, creating the resulting urban dysfunctions in terms of acoustic pollution and deterioration of the surroundings.

Contribution The structure that holds up the building is comprised of prefab concrete parts in a 48

sequence on a diagonal which adopts the shape of a great Warren beam evoking the old railway bridges, leaving large empty triangles that lend themselves to glazing them over to allow a view of the train passing through the city, reducing its acoustic impact to a minimum, improving the surrounding community living by paying attention and solving this sound pollution.

The garden serve as a safe and accesible green public space to the community from both district and leave both district connected again even with the railway still existing.

It also provide access to safe, accesible and sustainable transport system, by seprating walking and the railway and congested road providing a safe connection for walking between the distrcit.

Large amount of vegetation brought into the city reducing the air pollution in order to reduce the adverse per capita environment impact towards the city.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

TARGETS 12.1 Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries 12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources 12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses 12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse 12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle 12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities 12.8 50

By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature 12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production 12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products 12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities Built environment /architecture responses SDG 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION The decision making in choosing materials is not only affecting the building design, but also the surrounding environment. For example nowadays people always dispose their waste inappropriately that cause harm to the environment. This goal is made for people to understand how to take advantages of natural resources and human resources to create an eco-friendly environment and super efficiency lives.

Response    

Wise thinking of design that allow to restore resources and conserve energy.

Double glazing glass allows light to brighten the interior and also reduces heat from coming into the building.

Creating an environmental friendly vibes by using recycled material in appropriate way.

Supportive technology (such as sensoric system) to prevent energy being wasted.

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LOCAL: WAT CHAROK PADANG Architect: Local people in Kedah Location: Kedah, Malaysia Year: 2004

Source: https://instamediabuzz.com/media/2000781471719116201/BvENCXfAp https://rakyatnet.com/icuti-gunung-jerai-kedah-malaysia/wat-charok-padang-1/ http://albertyap.com/blogs/2011/02/15/wat-charok-padang/ Description Wat Charok Padang, or the Glass Bottle Temple, is a Thai Buddhist temple close to thte city of Sik,Kedah in northern Asian nation. It’s embellished with 100,000 green and brown glass bottles, thus its nickname and it’s sometimes delineated because the solely glass bottle temple in Asian nation. That is virtually true as there’s a little temple in Melaka which contains recycled bottles into its decoration. Wat Charok Padang contains a compound with a little glass lined marquee, a bigger 2 level building additionally lined in glass bottles, an enormous bottle structure created of thousands of little bottles, a three level hall, monks’ residences and alternatives structures Challenges Being able to make use of the recycled materials to create a super comfort environment especially meditation because monks usually come to the temple to pray and do meditation 52

Contribution Glass bottles build a stimulating construction material and also the builders have achieved some enticing results with their styles that prepare bottles embedded in concrete. Glass bottles are easy to get, cheap, sturdy and attractive and if they have been used before and recycled that's an ingenious approach of handing waste matter. big bottle manufactured from thousands of little bottles. Even the bathrooms are adorned with bottles.

GLOBAL:WAT PA MAHA CHEDI KAEW Architect: Thailand, Monks Location: Khun Han District, Thailand Year: 1986

Source: http://patricklepetit.jalbum.net/SISAKET/PHOTOS/KHUN%20HAN/Wat%20Pa %20Maha%20Chedi%20Kaew/index.html https://sobify.com/wat-pa-maha-chedi-kaew-6/ Description 53

Wat Pa Maha Chedi Kaew is also known as the Temple of a Million Bottles, is the first such Buddhist temple to use heineken glass bottles as its main material.

The monks of Wat Pa Maha Chedi Kaew first started collecting beer bottles in 1984, and in the late 1990s they had collected so many bottles that they decided to use them as a building material. They have so far used more than 1.5 million recycled beer bottles to construct the 20 buildings that make up the temple complex, which consists of the main temple, a crematorium, a hall, prayer rooms, a water tower, tourist bathrooms, and several raised boudlings that function as living quarters for the monks.

Challenges Least benefaction taken making use of glass bottles idea to take advantages of the climate weather which can be improved rather than just creating building using recycled materials. On the other hand the unconsistent floor which decrease the walking comfort.

Contribution The temple is structurally made of empty beer glass collected from local people. The recycling method is very simplify and unique which is also providing shades throughout the interior. The bottles are ideal as building materials because they don’t lose color, are easy to clean, and provide good lighting to the building’s interior, the discarded bottle caps are used to create Buddha mosaics around the complex.

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GLOBAL: ECOARK Architect: Arthur Huang Location: Taipei, Taiwan Year: 2010

Sources: https://id.pinterest.com/pin/153544668528979268/?lp=true https://id.pinterest.com/pin/483433341235030672/?lp=true https://round.glass/sustain/urban-jungle/a-roof-over-one-s-head-making-buildingsfrom-bottles/ https://inhabitat.com/amazing-plastic-bottle-architecture-withstands-earthquakes-intaipei/ Description EcoARK pavilion is world’s first large-scale recycled-plastic building built from 1.5 millions recycled plastic bottles. The main idea of using recycled materials is to focus on sustainability for Far Eastern’s 60th anniversary, also as desire to build the smallest 55

possible carbon footprint as it is thought to be a good opportunity for Taipei to step into the International limelight.

Challenges The polli-bricks is implausible to achieved without the engineer generating an advanced machine to create a new kind of brick with plastic materials, the great importance of engineers capability to create a fully functional recycled materials is indeed a challenge.

Contribution The usage of recycled plastic bottles for a building design is thoroughly spectacular, but it is not the only eco-friendly feature of the EcoARK. This pavilion was built with lowcarbon building techniques to maintain a zero-carbon footprint during operation. Not to mention the narutal ventilation that keeps the building cool without air conditioner.

The polli-bricks also provides insulation from heat and rainwater is collected and reused to cool the building. Lastly the solar and wind powered systems that generate the electricity to power 40,000 LEDs that light the building up at night.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 13: CLIMATE ACTION

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impact.

TARGETS 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.

13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.

13.A Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible.

13.B Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities Built environment /architecture responses SDG 13: CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change are extremely contributed by buildings. Most buildings are responsible for 30 percent of global greenhouse emissions. By that green buildings can be designed and have a huge potential in combating climate change. One of the most effective ways to do so is through measures like energy efficiency. Not only that, buildings can be designed through meticulously using low-emission materials in buildings. It is also possible for buildings to produce and store more energy from renewable sources than they consume.

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Response   

Installing green walls to support the action of afforestation in helping with the improvement of air quality Planting as much vegetation as possible to combat deforestation Breeding endangered species by protecting them in a suitable environment to prevent it from getting extinct

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LOCAL: BAMBOO PLAYHOUSE Architect: Eleena Jamil Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Year: 2015

Source: https://aasarchitecture.com/2016/07/bamboo-playhouse-eleenajamil-architect.html/the-bamboo-playhouse-by-eleena-jamil-architect-12/ https://www.dezeen.com/2015/11/17/eleena-jamil-bamboo-playhouse-lakeisland-kuala-lumpur-malaysia-perdana-botanical-gardens/ Description The Bamboo Playhouse is a public pavilion located at Perdana Botanical Gardens, Kuala Lumpur’s oldest park in the heart of the city. The area is almost 91 hectares with a large lake stretching through the centre. Visitors and tourists are usually attracted to the greenaries where there is a huge collection of mature local trees. The pavilion itself is situated on a small island in the lake and is used by many as a place to meet, rest and play. Bamboo is a local material in Malaysia where it has almost 50 species growing.

There are several species that is thick and has strengths suitable to use in construction.

The aim of this project is to demonstrate that bamboo is a sustainable building

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material, and when it was completed in 2015, it became the first formal bamboo structure in the country.

Challenges The main challenge for the bamboo playground is mainly of the material element which is a homegrown sustainable material. The process of getting the treated bamboo are challenges due to time and cost.

Contribution The spaces in the pavilion allows visitors to relax and walk around the structure plus being located in the centre of the park and the lake. Such that the pavilion is an open space without the need to have walls because there is no air conditioning, just provided with the roof to give shade to the visitors. The building material plays an important role in the low emission structure due to bamboo being a sustainable material.

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GLOBAL: ZERO CARBON BUILDING Architect: Ronald Lu and Partners Location: Hong Kong Year: 2012

Source: https://www.arup.com/projects/cic-zcb https://inhabitat.com/solar-powered-zcb-is-the-first-zero-carbon-building-in-hongkong/zcb-zero-carbon-building-ronald-lu-and-partners-4/ Description The building is the first designed zero carbon building in Hong Kong. It was established to demonstrate an eco-design building combining with green technologies where the goal is to reduce the emissions of city buildings, producing a more comfortable and healthier environment. The three-storey complex houses an exhibition halls that showcase green building technology and design. A gallery also houses an eco-home displaying eco-friendly furniture such as bamboo flooring system.

There is also an outdoor landscape area that is home to Hong Kong's first native woodland.

Challenges In the environmental aspects, the very main challenge relates to extreme weather that potentially affect undermining L/ZCBs. The climate change causes flooding more often, which requires additional tanking using materials such as concrete. Also, 61

environmental challenges intersect with socio-cultural factors where extreme weather such as heat waves leads to the inappropriate bolting-on of air condition to what are otherwise L/ZCBs.

Contribution The site generates renewable energy from photovoltaic panels and a tri-generation system using biofuel made from waste cooking oil. Building design enhancement include passive design with climate-responsive built form, orientation, layout and envelope enhance natural ventilation, daylighting and solar shading. The big entrance hallway is orientated and fully opened to allow summer breeze providing a comfortable area for gathering and temporary exhibition without the use of air-conditioning.

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GLOBAL: YANNELL HOUSE Architect: Jonathan Boyer and Farr Associates Architects Location: Chicago Year: 2009

Source: https://www.treehugger.com/sustainable-product-design/chicago-net-zerohouse-is-clean-lined-and-elegant.html https://www.farrside.com/yannell-house

Description Home of pharmacist Michael Yannell, who, when he decided to have his own house build something of ecological beauty and sustainable. His way of sending a signal to others who have similar something that would encourage others to explore sustainable house design. Micheal Yannell calls it a "net zero" energy residence, which produces more energy than it consumes. 48 solar panels on the roof generate the home's electricity and water from the washing machine is recycled to be used in the home's toilets. Not only that, the home's underground garage is also topped with a green roof.

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Challenges One of the project team challenges was to adhere to strict construction processes. The existing building was deconstructed and recycled as much as possible, reusing oak floors in the new house. Cost was also a major challenge as high-end residential construction starts around $350 per square foot in Chicago, and the Yannell Residence cost about $400 per square foot to build. At 2,675 square feet and with a total cost of $1.6 million, the Yannell house is smaller and costs a little bit less than a typical highend home in the city.

Contribution At the Yannell house, three 260-foot deep wells dive below the home. By using the soil temperature to heat or cool channels of water, then transferred back into the house’s heating and cooling system. In an attempt to potentially lowering overall costs, the geothermal system does not rely on fossil fuels the way that the natural gas system does.

The house is extremely insulated, no heat are able to escape in the winter or cool air to escape in the summer also with 48 photovoltaic (PV) panels on the roof. The grey water system that uses a 550-gallon to collect rainwater and a system for recycling water from the home’s washing machine to be used in the toilets. The house has an underground garage covered in a green roof, which absorbs CO2, as well as rain water, and does a small part to fight the urban heat island effect.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 15: LIFE ON LAND

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss TARGETS 15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements 15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally 15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world 15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development 15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species 15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed 15.7 65

Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products 15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species 15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts 15.A Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems 15.B Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation 15.C Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities Built environment /architecture responses SDG 15: LIFE ON LAND The building has to be sustainably designed with green materials used to build up the building. The building industry has the responsibility with the supply chains of sourced materials like timber. It definitely has to have a green building concept which green building certification tools are used during and after construction to reduce water use value the biodiversity by ensuring it is protected. Reducing the damages and enhancing the biodiversity can be done by landscaping with the local floras.

Response    

Harvest water like rainwater for safe indoor use that could minimize the usage of water in buildings Integrating the usage of renewable and low-carbon technologies, to supply the building’s energy needs Improving indoor air quality and reduce indoor temperature through passive design Creating new green spaces to help preserve nature and also protect diverse wildlife and land quality

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LOCAL: G TOWER HOTEL Architect: BEP Arkitek Sdn. Bhd. & The Architectural Network Location: Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur Year: 2006

Source: www.gtowerhotel.com

Description It is known as Malaysia’s first green building that was fully-certified by the Singapore Building & Construction Authority (BCA). The hotel is located in Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur. Commitment has been made to have to building as a “living green” and also to reduce carbon footprint seriously. There are four principles maintained by the building; RETHINK, REDUCE, REUSE, AND RECYCLE.

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Challenges The green walls needed much maintenance in maintaining its quality throughout the time. Landscaping maintenance is the main thing needed to be done throughout to prevent any plants or negative effect from happening. Landscaping maintenance includes watering, fertilizing, pruning of shrubs, mulching, mowing, weeing, fungicide, plant disease treatment, herbicide, and insecticide spraying. Many more maintenance are needed like external landscaping and internal landscaping etc.

Contribution The building was designed to reuse as many resources as possible. Rainwater would be harvested from the key water catchment areas and then utilized to irrigate the green roofs and green walls throughout the whole building. The green wall is also known or functioning as the “Vertical Garden” which is a wall surface fully covered with vegetation. This would greatly impact in increasing afforestation as much as it could.

Besides, The wall garden in GTower has this triple wall garden which able to bring out a natural aura of tower and adding green ambience to its iconic design sensibilities.

All these green roofs and green walls have benefit a lot to the surrounding environment by having it to purify the air quality. It also does absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen which plants usually do. It has greatly impacted towards the environmental changes positively especially having the building located in a dense urban area.

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GLOBAL: THREE HOUSE CONDOMINIUM Architect: ADDP Architects Location: Chestnut Avenue, Bukit Timah, Singapore Year: 2012

Source: https://stateofbuildings.sg/places/tree-house Description It is located in Bukit Timah, Singapore. Tree House is a 24-storey condominium which set a record for the largest vertical garden in the world. The existing green walls are able to provide the residents to live a healthy lifestyle by connecting with nature. The building design was inspired from the green space located nearby Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and also the Upper Peirce Reservoir.

Challenges The vegetations on the green walls needing a lot of plant maintenance by adding platforms and ladders needed. The plants need time to be cultivated before installing.

To have a green wall design, it is challenging to ensure it is cost effective. Besides, modular steel frame needed a year to fabricate and to be installed.

Contribution The walls of the building are covered with vegetation. However, the plantings that cover the exterior wall which faces the west side works as an insulation. It can also 69

filter out the carbon dioxide from the air to reduce the pollutants. Besides, not only green walls help to reduce heat absorption from happening, but to also minimize the energy used to cool the spaces. It has been studied that an estimation of between 15% and 30% energy to be saved for the west facing master bedrooms after having insulated by the vertical gardens. The green turf artificial green walls allows the architect to extend the greenery spaces that were previously impossible with flexibility.

In addition, the sloped walls functions as a ‘bio-shelter’. It helps collect water for the purpose of landscape irrigation. As for the features sky terrace located on the 7th, 13th, and 19th floor, it is an additional green space for the residents and also a benefit towards the environment.

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GLOBAL: CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Architect: Renzo Piano Location: California Academy of Science Year: 2008

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Academy_of_Sciences Description It is the World’s greenest museum located in San Francisco, California. It has a hilly living roof covered with vegetation and also featuring recycled denim insulation to an eco-friendly new home. It received its first LEED Platinum rating in the “New Construction” category.

Challenges The academy face great challenges in finding a suitable environment for new endangered species to survive and sometimes having to prepare their shelter maybe costly. Therefore, it is a challenge to find an appropriate cost for it. Besides, it is also a challenge in having to maintaining the quality of the living roof as the vegetations surrounding has to have maintenance once awhile to prevent it from being uninhibited.

Contribution The living roof play an important role in helping the surrounding air quality. About 100% of the plants on the living roof and also 80% of the surrounding landscape consist of the native vegetation. The roof’s surface area is 87% covered by vegetation which greatly helps with reducing the urban heat island effect.

Based on the education given at the academy, It provides education relating green building through various channels. The living roof is used weekly for public programs, research studies done by high school and university students, and also citizen science projects.

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Furthermore, the academy provides breeding programs which benefits a lot towards the endangered species. As a public museum, research institution, and also an aquarium, it provides a distinctive way of raising awareness on the biodiversity and help contribute to the critical conservation efforts. The first endangered species that have been taken care of are the African Penguins. Since 1983, all penguin chicks that were hatched have been part of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Species Survival Plan. The aim of this is to conserve the species genetic diversity in captive populations through collaborative exchange and strategic breeding. In order to help decrease the demand for specimens taken from the wild, breeding helps a lot. It is a serious threat towards the species’ long term survival when bottom trawling, plastic pollution, ocean acidification, and over collecting happens.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 17: PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS

Strength the means of implementation and revitalized the global partnership for sustainable development.

TARGET 17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection.

17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries.

17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources.

17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress.

17.5 Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries.

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Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism 17.7 Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed 17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology.

17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacitybuilding in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation.

17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda.

17.11 Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020.

17.12 Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access 17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence 17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development 17.15 74

Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development.

17.16 Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multistakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries.

17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships.

17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts.

17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries.

Built environment /architecture responses SDG 17: Partnerships for the goals The world today is more interconnected than ever before. Improving access to technology and knowledge is an important way to share ideas and foster innovation.

Coordinating policies to help developing countries manage their debt, as well as promoting investment for the least developed, is vital to achieve sustainable growth and development.

Response   

Taking actions on sustainable living with the cooperation from a partnerships or sponsorship of suitable associations in order to have it go on smoothly.

Having cooperative relations with the government to support the idea of sustaining the green lifestyle in a specific place Finding for sponsorships to defeat the issue of poverty happening in the slum.

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LOCAL: SP SETIA HEADQUARTER Architect: Shatotto Location: Setia Alam, Malaysia Year: 2014

Source: https://www.spsetia.com/en-us/corporate/about-us/corporate-responsibility https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SP_Setia https://www.edgeprop.my/content/s-p-setias-corporate-hq-leading-examplesustainability https://vincentloy.wordpress.com/2015/02/03/architectural-insight-sp-setiaheadquarters-shah-alam/ Description SP Setia, considered as one of the largest developers in Malaysia. Their new large venture “Setia Alam” is located in Shah Alam, south west region of Kuala Lumpur. In this approximately five thousand acres of new city, SP Setia decided to build their own headquarters on a four-acre of land. This developed the idea for a very formal design approach to emphasize on the social commitment of SP Setia to contribute in the national development of Malaysia through their edifice in this new city.

Challenges To realize a sustainable living lifestyle for the community as responsibility for a publicly traded government-linked company. Encourage and promote effective public, publicprivate and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and have good outcome for specific development goals.

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Contributions Instead of emphasizing on the green hardware installation, SP Setia is more concerned about the sustainability in partnership and corporation core value in either company or for the community.The link bridge to Setia City Mall, situated opposite the HQ, has been built to encourage the staff to walk instead of drive. The link bridge sets an example for other neighbouring developments since the master plan of Setia City has a network of pedestrian paths and elevated walkways linking the various buildings within the commercial centre.

This building allows Team Setia to experience and live a greener lifestyle. Team Setia will be constantly create awareness through our internal communications on how the team can play their part in reducing their carbon footprint such as carpooling, encouraging usage of green-technology cars with the allocation of preferred parking for such cars, walking across to Setia City Mall through the landscaped pedestrian walkway and using the stairs instead of lifts. Not many employees can practise a greener lifestyle at work, but at S P Setia is practise what they preach. SP Setia group have intimate cooperative relation with government hence it is important for partnership to make sure the development consist element of sustainability, thus minimising the impact on environmental issues.

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GLOBAL: MEDIAGUAS Architect: Techo Organization Location: Chille, France Year: 2010

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediagua Descriptions Mediaguas homes were built for citizens in Chile that does not have proper living proper conditions. Mediaguas are homes that are a type of prefabricated house, constructed of wood panels. It can be erected in one day and also is a traditional home.

This traditional home is usually built after a natural disaster happen, and to provide quick shelter for the people. It was also a project called “A roof for Chile” Challenges 104 million individuals lives homeless in Latin America. Families come up short on an appropriate home and have no entrance to fundamental administrations, for example, clean water, power or sewerage. They are exposed to cold, downpour, earth and contamination which produce numerous medical issues. Adults are regularly jobless and their youngsters need to work from an early age to help support their family.

Contribution TECHO is youth driven non-benefit association present in Latin America and the Caribbean. Through the community oriented work of families living in extreme 78

poverty with youthful volunteers, TECHO looks to overcome poverty in the slums.

TECHNO is persuaded that poverty can be permanent overcome if society perceives poverty as a need and effectively moves in the direction of beating it. Crucial connections are a key piece of TECHOs methodology, and TECHO is occupied with corporate organizations with significant worldwide organizations who bring funding,sponsorships, information, much labor into the organization's tasks.

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GLOBAL: MARINA BAY SANDS Architect: Safdie Architects Location: Singapore Year: 2010

Source: https://www.safdiearchitects.com/projects/marina-bay-sands-hotel-andskypark https://www.marinabaysands.com/hotel.html https://www.theworlds50best.com/Partners/marina-bay-sands.html Description Marina Bay Sands is an integrated resort with a hotel, casino, retail mall, nightclubs and museum in Singapore, is an iconic to Singapore skyline with environmentally sustainable and advanced design concept.

Challenges The goals of Marina bay are to do business in sustainability way, according to their global sustainability programme, Sands ECO360°, is to guide the company’s responsible operations and reduces their carbon footprint and overall environment impact. It consists of four priorities which is Green Building, Environmentally Responsible Operations, Green Meeting and Sustainability Education and Outreach.

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Marina Bay Sands drives sustainability with the objective to continuously improve the stewardship of their business, environment and the community. They are committed to actively participating in government sustainability and community including encouraging fair-trade principles or supporting the local employment and service. They are dedicated to providing an environmentally-friendly healthy and safe workplace that promotes diverse recruiting of individuals of all ages, religious beliefs and cultural background. Beside of that, transparent reporting and annual benchmarking of sustainability performance, engage stakeholders for their views and ideas is also one their commitment. Which to achieve the goals of enhancing global partnership for sustainable development.

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