IT Application For Sustainable Design Assignment 2: Building Performance Analysis Report

  

 

  





 







  



 

 







    

   



 











 

 









 

    













    













  



   





 



 

  

































 

           













        t       



                                       

        

            

                









    

            

        

 





























































 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



































































 



 













 







   





 



 





   











   



   







 



   

















  





 









 



























 



 



















  

   

 













 











  



 





 













































 

































 

















  





  



   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





























 

  

 















 

 









 

    

    



 



 











   

   

 











 



  

 

     



  







  

    

    



















    

                    

          



             

                

           

   

   

          

                                   

         210                     

 

 

















                                                 



 







            

                            

     

      





      

   

Page 6

Proposed Sustainable Strategies

Potential Performance in Energy Reduction 2

Total energy reduction (kWh/m /yr)

8.40

10.00

8.30

5.30

30.50

4.50

26.9

57.40

Factors

Reduce energy consumption value by changing building orientation, form and layout

After taking consideration on different factors of energy reduction, decision is made to improve the energy efficiency, hence reduce wastage of energy.

Potential passive design strategies able to increaase the energy efficiency by a greater total reduction of energy consumption value of 32 kWh/m2/yr. Degree of wall openess has control and extra revised to fulfill the functionality of the building as hotel and provide target user, hotel guest with sufficient daylighting and fair view. Eastern wall have the least energy reduction value among all side of wall because it does not contribute much for thermal heat inside the building.

Besides, improvement of active strategies is remain as the ideal scenario, which having value of 119.3 kWh/m2/yr. As the amount of the reduction is crucial and significant, its clearer to propose relevant design strategies to tackle the issue.

Reduce operating schedule Long operation time of the whole building increase the running cost, hence non economical friendly and contribute to wastage of energy. Reduction of operating time by shifting the operation time of appliance based on it neccesities period able to make the hotel operate in a more energy efficient and systematic way.

Application of energy efficiency system/ appliances Using energy saving appliances/mechanism

Identify and eliminate phantom electricity loads

Energy saving appliances like LED lighting and energy efficient air conditioning system, is use to reduce total energy usage of the whole building. Long lasting properties of LED lighting able to save maintainence cost, providing side effect that become economically friendly.

This is is the minor electricity flow when the appliances does not under operating status. Some small action such as unplugged the electrical equipment while not in used, or setting standby session able to reduce total energy cost.

Add-on shading device

Shading device such as louvers or trellis wall added to reduce usage of cooling equipment such as air conditioning, prevent solar radiation penetrate thru perimeter/opening of the building.

Page 7

Sun & Shadow Analysis Ground

Mezzanine

Room’s Floor

Rooftop

Morning sunlight from east, west direction partially shaded All levels are highly shaded on west. Vegetation is shaded up to second floor, where the meeting room is located.

Ground and mezzanine area under shade with control size of openings. All room floors basically shaded during morning time due to the main room space array on both north and south side. Least room placed along east and narrow opening to allow sunlight shine into the building.

8 am

Noon time sunlight strike on top, interior been fully shaded Mid day sun strike on top of building, interior of the whole building been shaded, high ceiling atrium in building lower down interior temperature. East and north side of the building having some daylight penetrate into the space.

12 pm

Some rooftop facilities such as decking and swimming pool is fully exposed to sunlight.

Evening sunlight from west, eat direction partially shaded Evening sunlight area on west facade, large area of interior space been lighten up and mainly on circulation/common space.

6 pm

Enclosed rooftop area like gym and bar remain bright due to application of glazed wall. Open zone such as swimming pool and decking become shady due to blockage of service core.

Proposed Strategies Landscape as barrier/buffering More tall and big canopy of trees should be plant along/surrounding the site, provide a more cooling ambience, reduce thermal heat load of the building. Blockage by tree foilage can reduce building temperature by 10-15 degrees.

Control degree of openess due to nature of space Greater area of glazing applied to temporal space like corridor and lobby, having sense of openess and welcoming whereas limited area of glazing used in private space, away from thermal heat and ensure privacy.

Application of low-emissivity glass Low-e glass is applied on almost whole building to make building away from reflectance heat, provide a more spatial comfort quality and reduce electricity cost on lower down building temperature (HVAC).

Page 8

Proposed Strategies

Solar Radiation Analysis

Material selection on building envelope U-value of wall material, decrease to <0.3W/m2k (ideal U-value for wall material). Lower thermal conductivity wall is more insulate away from solar heat.

Installation of solar PV panel Taking advantage of harsh western sunlight, solar PV panels is installed on roof mainly facing west direction, maximise generation of solar converting to electrical energy.

G FLOOR

MEZZANINE

1ST FLOOR

2ND FLOOR

3RD FLOOR

ROOFTOP

Annual solar radiation obtained highest rate mostly open landscape (courtyard) and opening in every room units, especially rooms facing east direction. Common space such as reception lobby and restaurant having moderate solar radiation due to tranparent quality of the space, having engagement with exterior environment/lakeside view. Corridor along east,south and north side remain low solar radiation due to less direct exposure to the sunlight, especially the east direction’s corridor. East corridor concealed inside the building, hence least solar radiation on the same placement among each floors. Rooftop space having greatest solar radiation especially on non-roofing area.

Page 9

Lighting Analysis Slightly greater daylighting at east in the morning

G

M

1

Courtyard remain shaded in the morning, slighty greater lux value on east and south opening, meaning that both side of room’s guest will experience greater daylighting compare to the north. rooms along north side having moderate lux value due to smaller opening (uneccessary to have balcony due to lack of view/ facing commercial block.

9 am

Lift lobby with great exposure to exterior having slightly lower lux value, hence not having great thermal heat along the corridor.

2

3

RT

Evenly distributed daylighting in noon time

G

M

1

12 pm

Daylight distributed evenly on perimeter of the building during afternoon time, Sun position perpendicular to ground line maximise the lux value almost the area on roof top and interior space mostly shaded due to full roof covering. Common space and room units having moderate daylighting value, provided optimum comfort level for hotel guest. Workshop and cafe zone experience greatest lux value due to application of glazed roof.

Corridor along the cafe zone experience greatest lux value, buffer thermal heat away and provide more cooler environment for theater space and along the set back corridor space.

2

3

RT

Page 10

Large shaded area in the evening

G

M

1

6 pm

Courtyard experiencing greatest lux value, help buffer away the harsh western sunlight. Common space, programmatic space and rooms unit having lowest lux value, whole building away from natural daylighting and mechanical and electrical method is required to remain interior space brighter. Interior of building remain cozy during evening, by having maximum lux value of 559. Rooftop space having moderate lux value because of its placement and transparent quality.

Corridor in between superior room and deluxe room facing courtyard having moderate lux value, invite natural daylighting strike on corridor.

2

3

RT

Proposed Strategies Application of sun shading devices (louvers, overhanging eaves etc.)

Designated atrium inside the building

Installation of light controlling device

Shading device such as louvers and overhanging eaves added to reduce glare. degree of openess is control based on function of the area, hence to provide optimum light for users.

Atrium is designated on top of the public common space, making the spot least rely on usage of electrical lighting equipments. Low maintainence cost occur by lessen the involvement of man made equipment. Atrium with solid roofing introduce diffuse/indirect sunlight passing thru sideway, light penetrate into the building.

Light controlling device such as automated fabric canopy/shade device, assemble underneath the glazed roofing on ground floor, to ensure the well control of daylighting depends on weather condition.

Changes of Building Envelope

Page 11

Introduction of

1. Extended overhang sloped roof Extending the perimeter of roof by 1m each, to create more shade for the interior space.

Optimised Hotel Design Overview Project Type: Accomodation Location: Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya (Coordination: 3.06304740905762, 101.616180419922) Levels: 5 Energy Consumption: 256 kWh/m2/yr

2. Lifted sloped roof with glazing Existing pool relocated on ground level, lifted sloped roof with low-e glazing is added to create atrium space, allow diffused light penetrate into the interior space.

3. Aluminium horizontal louvers Durable material to shade interior away from excessive daylight penetrating thru glazing.

4. Vertical fin Shade away from western and eastern sun from sideway.

MAJOR FACADE CHANGES (NORTH) LAKESIDE VIEW

MAJOR FACADE CHANGES

5. Rooftop landscape Greenery planted on top of building reduce heat absorption of the building envelope especially roof area, able to cool down temperature of the building during daytime.

6. Extension of overhang shaft balcony As barrier to reduce amount of heat reflect/radiated into the rooms units.

(EAST)

7. Application of low-e glazing Low-e glazing is apply on whole building to reduce heat transfer thru building skin.

8. Addition of 2m overhanging eave Extra shades for restaurant during morning sun.

JALAN TAYLOR’S VIEW

9. Strategic landscaping Dedicious trees inserted on courtyard space and perimeter of the building’s boundary, to provide shade and reduce surrounding temperature.

Page 12 Drawing of Optimised Hotel Design

SWIMMING POOL

Ground Floor Plan NTS

Mezzanine NTS

First Floor Plan NTS

Second Floor Plan NTS

Third Floor Plan NTS

Rooftop Plan NTS

Page 13 Drawing of Optimised Hotel Design

Section A-A NTS

South Elevation NTS

East Elevation NTS

North Elevation NTS West Elevation NTS

Page 14

Facade Treatment & Design Strategies West

Spatial Allocation A

Existing rooftop pool been shifted to ground level (near courtyard and lift lobby), Lifted sloped roof with glazed is added to create atrium space underneath the roof, allow diffuse light going into the interior space during daytime. This able to save electrical cost by reducing application of lighting device in common space (lobby, restaurant, stage area).

Highest energy reduction among 4 sides of walls.

Greatest heat absorption due to harsh western sunlight.

Schematic design form Subtractive form become U shape to stay away from western sunlight (less room unit on western side to maximise spatial comfort).

STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING AS ENHANCEMENT (OPTIMISATION) MINIMISE ENERGY CONSUMPTION. Room units near west side parallel with sun direction (away from direct sun penetration)

Sloped roof lifted with greater degree on east to stay away from harsh western light, allow diffuse light go into building.

Rooftop pool relocated on ground level, shaded by gigantic trees & building blok, provide optimum user comfort/

C

Spatial arrangement Service core/ sloped roof direction block majority space away from western sun.

B East

Strategic Landscaping

Moderate energy reduction among 4 sides of Moderate heat absorption specifically during morning time.

landscape been introduced on rooftop of the building A Vertical to reduce excessive heat gain of building envelope, minimise interior temperature.

Vertical landscaping Addition of greenery on rooftop level reduce thermal gain of building, hence reduce energy consumption to cool down room temperature.

of trellis/Ivy along lift lobby (main service core), B Insertion provide minimal shade and filter out dust from exterior space.

Overhang shaft balcony Extension of distance of end of balcony from room opening, by 2m as barrier to stay room units/meeting room away from excessive sunlight especially in morning.

of bushes on the end of corridor of every room unit’s C Insertion floor (1st to 3rd floors), buffering noise and harsh western sunlight causing disturbance of user. trees planted along perimeter and courtyard of buildD Dedicious ing, act as green lung for building to reduce overall surrounding temperature and provide shades for user while ultilises the outdoor space.

D

Overhang eaves Shade restaurant from excessive daylight, causing disturbance for user during morning and noon time.

Page 15

Active Design Strategies South

Moderate energy reduction among 4 sides of walls, slightly lower than east side.

Large area of glazed facade to provide welcoming atmosphere for guest.

Rainwater harvesting system Rainwater collecting point

Aluminium horizontal louvres provide shading effect for full glazed wall, control amount of daylight goes into the interior, due to programme and optimum brightness requirement of the space.

Protrude and extrude balcony design to control amount of sunlight and heat radiated into the room units.

Rain water is collected on rooftop tank, water will be transfer by gravity pull, to respective toilet for every room unit and public toilet for flushing and irrigation purpose. This act reduce cost for water supply.

Installation of solar photovoltaic panels Big tree foilage to filter out great amount of sunlight penetration, reduce reflectance heat cause by properties of glass. Total energy consumption is reduce and also lower down temperature of frontage.

Proposed installation area

North

Less energy reduction among 4 walls, mostly under shaded condition.

Lowest heat radiation hence lowest energy consumption.

Proposal of installation of solar photovoltaic cells mainly on west side and facing harsh sunlight condition.

Placement on roof above WC besides gym and flat roof seperate recreational and servicing zone.

Vertical fin assemble alternatively in between 1st and 2nd floors/2nd and 3rd floors to provide sideway shades from eastern and harsh western sunlight. It does not affect much by mid hour sunlight due to sun orientation, the northern side facing commercial block with similar height as opposite.

Addition of glazing wall applied on theater space as to provide flexibility of usage due to specific condition. It introduce warm daylight into interior enviroment and save in electrical lighting energy consumption during morning to evening time.

Proposal of total surface coverage able to save approximately 234.434 kWh/year, according to Revit Solar Analysis.

Application of energy saving appliances/mechanism Plug Load Efficiency Application of programmable or smart thermostat

Energy saving appliances like LED lighting and energy efficient air conditioning shall used to reduce total energy efficient. Besides, its also reduce amount of wasted/harmful gas contributed to the environment. Long lasting properties of LED lighting able to save maintainence cost, providing side effecr that become economical friendly.

They can be set to automated turn off or reduce cooling during the device are not using during specific time. Hence, it can help eliminating wasted energy from operation.

It include indicators for replacement of air filter and HVAC system problems, hence improving the efficiency of cooling system.

ENERGY EFFICIENT HVAC SYSTEM PROGRAMMABLE THERMOSTAT

ENERGY SAVING BULB (LED)

SMART THERMOSTAT

Identify and eliminate phantom electricity loads COMMON PHANTOM LOADS

Active energy consumption

Practicing habit to switch off and remove plug from socket to reduce phantom load consumption. Incorporating smart strips also an alternative to ensure the equipment does not drawing unnecassary power.

Kitchen Appliances incl. toasters, microwaves, kettles, coffee makers etc.

Office Equipment

Sleep/ off mode energy consumption TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (kWh/year)

incl. laser printers, fax machines, telephones, projectors etc.

Chargers incl. mobile charges, iPad charger, laptop chargers etc.

Monitors incl. computer monitors, television screens etc.

Page 17

Sun & Shadow Analysis Ground

Mezzanine

Room’s Floor

Rooftop

AFTER OPTIMISATION Vertical landscaping on rooftop makes the rooftop zone become more shady, user shades awaty from eastern sun.

8 am

12 pm

Circulation and common gathering space have more daylight goes in. Lifted sloped roof makes atrium space and invite morning sunlight to come into the building. Its contrubute to saving of electricity cost by reducing amount of lighting operation during daytime.

Mid day sun strike on top of building, interior of the whole building been shaded, high ceiling atrium in building remain having low interior temperature.

East and north side of the building having similar daylight penetrate into the space.

Rooftop facilities at open are fully exposed to sunlight.

Evening sunlight area on west facade, Greenery planted at the end of corridor buffer away harsh western sunlight. Dedicious trees planted on courtyard to shades inner perimeter of the buildings.

6 pm

Enclosed rooftop area like gym and bar remain bright and control by addition of aluminium horizontal louvers. Open zone such as swimming pool and decking become shady due to blockage of service core.

Page 18

Features

Solar Radiation Analysis

REFLECTIVE PAINT FINISHES White solar reflective painted, thermal mass material concrete walls reflect the solar radiation, insulates the solar heat from exterior to interior and reduce the indoor temperature.

INSERTION OF GREENERY Strategic landscaping able to reduce thermal heat gain of building envelope, hence reduce total energy consumption from time to time.

DEPTH OF OPENING Overhanging eaves and adjustment of window size based on sun orientation/facade facing direction has been done to minimise solar heat radiated into building.

G FLOOR

MEZZANINE

1ST FLOOR

2ND FLOOR

3RD FLOOR

ROOFTOP

Annual solar radiation obtained been reduce due to dense plantation on open landscape (courtyard) and depth of opening in every room units been increase, especially rooms facing east direction. Common space such as reception lobby and restaurant having moderate solar radiation due to tranparent quality of the space, having engagement with exterior environment/lakeside view. Despite of remain moderate solar radiation, sufficient daylighting is happening on that area as its not crucial for a temporal space. Corridor along east,south and north side having lower solar radiation due to less direct exposure to the sunlight, especially the east direction’s corridor. Buffering of greenery at the end of west side of corridor make users avoid from harsh west sunlight during evening. Programmatic space such as restaurant and theater having optimum condition for both solar radiation and daylighting quality.

Page 19

Lighting Analysis Daylighting quality for room units get improved

G

M

1

Courtyard remain shaded in the morning, lux value ranging 3000 to 250 LUX for all room units. room units facing east side having greatest value of 3000 LUX during 9 am sharp, follow by south side and least with 2000 LUX for room units located on north side of facade. Daylight distributed evenly with minimum 250 LUX on every common space and also circulation space.

9 am

Array of glazing facade inside meeting room having high amount of daylighting penetrating in to the mezzanine floor, brighten public space for both ground and mezzanine floor.

2

3

RT

Greatest daylighting quality on atrium space

G

M

1

Atrium space having greatest daylighting quality of interior space during noon time, as show on the analysis diagram. All room units having slightly greater amount of daylighting compared to morning time, hence reducing total electrical energy consumption. Rooftop level full exposed under hot sun, as the sun positioning on top of building.

12 pm

Restaurant connected with reception lobby having great daylighting quality during morning, due to addition of lifted sloped roof creating atrium with diffuse light.

2

3

RT

Page 20

Courtyard lighten up inner perimeter of building

G

M

1

6 pm

Courtyard remain greatest lux value, help buffer away the harsh western sunlight. Common space, programmatic space and rooms unit having lowest lux value, whole building away from natural daylighting and mechanical and electrical method is required to remain interior space brighter. Interior of building remain cozy during evening. Rooftop space having moderate lux value because of its placement and transparent quality.

Theater room been added with two glazing window, daylighting quality of space been improved and control due to function of spaces, it able to cut the electricity cost of this space by halved.

2

3

RT

Building Energy Comparison After process of active interventions, latest total energy consumption reduced into 116 kWh/m2/year, once active strategies is applied.

After process of optimisation, current total energy consumption reduced into 256 kWh/m2/year. It only experiencing minor reduction about 7 kWh by alternating passive design strategies. +Active Interventions

Passive Strategies

Page 21

Passive Factors NORTHERN WALLS Reduction of 95% to 24% Result from daylighting, thermal radiance of building envelope and energy wasted

SOUTHERN WALLS Reduction of 95% to 26% Result from daylighting, thermal radiance of building envelope and energy wasted

Active Interventions OPERATING SCHEDULE Decrrase from BIM to 12/5 Elimination of phantom load and reduction of operation time during unnecessary period.

LIGHTING EFFICIENCY Decrease from BIM to 3.23 W/m2 Application of thermostats and LED appliances/Energy efficient HVAC system.

WESTERN WALLS Reduction of 95% to 12% Result from daylighting, thermal radiance of building envelope and energy wasted

PV-SURFACE COVERAGE Increase from 0% to 90 % Result from solar energy generated by photovoltaic panels, converted into mechanical and electrical energy

EASTERN WALLS

PLUG LOAD EFFICIENCY

Reduction of 95% to 11% Result from daylighting, thermal radiance of building envelope and energy wasted

Reduction of 95% to 11% Eliminate phantom load in daily operation, off operation of appliance while not using it.

Page 22

Comparison Schematic Building

Optimised Building 263 kWh/m2/year Relatively High Greater glare, low brightness Less Shades

Energy Consumption

256 kWh/m2/year

Solar Radiation

Relatively Low

Daylight Illuminance Sun & Shadow Effect

Lower glare, greater brightness More Shades

Conclusion Throughout the whole exercise, i am able to identify aspects that affect sustainablity level for a building. This assignment allow me to explore how to identify and resolve sustainable issue by using BIM. I had learnt Revit and Insight 360 as set of tools, to find out the accurate information by diagrammatic and systematic analysis, hence to provide solutions by critcal thinking using architectural approach. Exposure of the information technology way to find out issues is crucial and important for this generation, hence let use ultilised technology well to simulate and implement our design as improvement. After issues been identified, both passive and active design strategies is applied to achieve optimum design for client/users.

As a nutshell, im able to find out technique either on technological or critical thinking way, to resolved impact on building towards enviromental issue, and resolved it by tons of sustainable approach. We could not denied sustainability approach is important to create spatial quality that achieve user confort. This approach can improved human living quality, thermal comfort, cost efficient and also creat a better living environment for future generation.

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References 1. The Carbon Neutral Design Project | Society of Building Science Educators | American Institute of Architects - Carbon Neutral Design Strategies. (2020). Retrieved 20 November 2020, from https://www.tboake.com/carbon-aia/strategies1b.html 2. Prowler, D. (2016, September 8). Sun Control and Shading Devices&nbsp;&nbsp;. WBDG. https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices.

3. East, A. N. (2020, September 16). Getting Familiar with Solar Shading Devices. Architects Zone. https://architects.zone/solar-shading-devices/.

4. Rain Water Harvesting - NEXT.cc. (2020). Retrieved 21 November 2020, from https://www.next.cc/journey/design/rain-water-harvesting 5. Grant, M. B. (2018, January 6). 8 Smart Thermostat Advantages. Smart Thermostat Guide. https://smartthermostatguide.com/8-smart-thermostat-advantages/.

6. Sustainable Design Part Three: The Basic Principles of Passive Design. (2020). Retrieved 20 November 2020, from https://www.slideshare. net/tboake/sustainable-design-part-three-the-basic-principles-of-passive-design 7. Low-emissivity Glass. Pilkington. (n.d.). https://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/uk/householders/types-of-glass/energy-efficient-glass/low-emissivity-glass.

8. Martin, R. (2020, April 2). What Is The Most Energy-Efficient HVAC System? Emagazine.com. https://emagazine.com/what-is-the-most-energy-efficient-hvac-system/.

9. 11 Ways to Reduce Energy Consumption in Commercial Settings. (2020). Retrieved 20 November 2020, from https://blog.visual.electromatic.com/reduce-energy-consumption 10. Lin, Y. (2019, August 6). How Much Are Phantom Loads Costing Your Business? EnergyLink. https://goenergylink.com/blog/how-much-are-phantom-loads-costing-your-business/.