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26. May, 2022 • ©Mid-South Horse Review • www.midsouthhorsereview. com Greener pastures

2022 IPCC Report: At the Crossroads

NASA:GlobalClimateChange

geneva,april 4, 2022 – from 20102019 average annual global greenhouse gas emissions were at their highest levels in human history, but the rate of growth has slowed. Without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, limiting global warming to 1.5°C is beyond reach. However, there is increasing evidence of climate action, said scientists in the latest intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (iPCC) report released today,april 4, 2022.

Since 2010, there have been sustained decreases of up to 85% in the costs of solar and wind energy, and batteries. an increasing range of policies and laws have enhanced energy efficiency, reduced rates of deforestation and accelerated the deployment, of renewable energy.

“We are at a crossroads. The decisions we make now can secure a liveable future. We have the tools and know-how required to limit warming, ” said iPCC Chair Hoesung lee. “i am encouraged by climate action being taken in many countries. There are policies, regulations, and market instruments that are proving effective. if these are scaled up and applied more widely and equitably, they can support deep emissions reductions and stimulate innovation. ”

The Summary for Policymakers of the iPCC Working group iii report, Climate Change 2022: mitigation of climate change was approved onapril 4, 2022 by 195 member governments of the iPCC, through a virtual approval session that started on march 21. it is the third installment of the iPCC’s Sixthassessment report (ar6), which will be completed this

year.

We have options in all sectors to at least halve emissions by 2030 limiting global warming will require major transitions in the energy sector.This will involve a substantial reduction in fossil fuel use, widespread electrification, improved energy efficiency, and use of alternative fuels (such as hydrogen).

“Having the right policies, infrastructure, and technology in place to enable changes to our lifestyles and behavior can result in a 40-70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This offers significant untapped potential, ” said iPCC Working group iii Co-Chair Priyadarshi Shukla. “The evidence also shows that these lifestyle changes can improve our health and wellbeing. ”

Cities and other urban areas also offer significant opportunities for emissions reductions. These can be achieved through lower energy consumption (such as by creating compact, walkable cities), electrification of transport in combination with low-emission energy sources, and enhanced carbon uptake and storage using nature. There are options for established, rapidly growing, and new cities.

“We see examples of zero energy or zero-carbon buildings in almost all climates, ” said iPCCWorking group iii CoChair Jim Skea. “action in this decade is critical to capture the mitigation potential of buildings. ” reducing emissions in industry will involve using materials more efficiently, reusing and recycling products and minimizing waste. for basic materials, including steel, building materials and chemicals, low- to zero-greenhouse gas production processes are at their pilot to near-commercial stage.

This sector accounts for about a quarter of global emissions. achieving net zero will be challenging and will require new production processes, low and zero emissions electricity, hydrogen, and, where necessary, carbon capture and storage. agriculture, forestry, and other land use can provide large-scale emissions reductions and also remove and store carbon dioxide at scale. However, land cannot compensate for delayed emissions reductions in other sectors. response options can benefit biodiversity, help us adapt to climate change, and secure livelihoods, food and water, and wood supplies.

The next few years are critical in the scenarios we assessed, limiting warming to around 1.5°C (2.7°f) requires global greenhouse gas emissions to peak before 2025 at the latest, and be reduced by 43% by 2030; at the same time, methane would also need to be reduced by about a third. even if we do this, it is almost inevitable that we will temporarily exceed this temperature threshold, but could return to below it by the end of the century.

“it’s now or never, if we want to limit global warming to 1.5°C (2.7°f), ” said Skea. “Without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, it will be impossible. ”

The global temperature will stabilize when carbon dioxide emissions reach net zero. for 1.5°C (2.7°f), this means achieving net zero carbon dioxide emissions globally in the early 2050s; for 2°C (3.6°f), it is in the early 2070s.

This assessment shows that limiting warming to around 2°C (3.6°f) still requires global greenhouse gas emissions to peak before 2025 at the latest, and be reduced by a quarter by 2030.

Closing investment gaps

The report looks beyond technologies and demonstrates that while financial flows are a factor of three to six times lower than levels needed by 2030 to limit warming to below 2°C (3.6°f), there is sufficient global capital and liquidity to close investment gaps. However, it relies on clear signaling from governments and the international community, including a stronger alignment of public sector finance and policy.

“Without taking into account the economic benefits of reduced adaptation costs or avoided climate impacts, global gross Domestic Product (gDP) would be just a few percentage points lower in 2050 if we take the actions necessary to limit warming to 2°C (3.6°f) or below, compared to maintaining current policies, ” said Shukla.

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals accelerated and equitable climate action in mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts is critical to sustainable development. Some response options can absorb and store carbon and, at the same time, help communities limit the impacts associated with climate change. for example, in cities, networks of parks and open spaces, wetlands and urban agriculture can reduce flood risk and reduce heatisland effects. mitigation in industry can reduce environmental impacts and increase employment and business opportunities. electrification with renewables and shifts in public transport can enhance health, employment, and equity.

“Climate change is the result of more than a century of unsustainable energy and land use, lifestyles, and patterns of consumption and production, ” said Skea. “This report shows how taking action now can move us towards a fairer, more sustainable world. ”

Editor ’ s Notes: on april 7, 2022, nPr reported that the future cost of climate inaction could cost $2 trillion a year. With time running out to head off the worst damage from climate change, the u.S. government is starting to quantify the cost of inaction for taxpayers.

The White House office of management and Budget (omB) released the first ever accounting of how unchecked global warming would impact the federal budget, looking at its potential to dampen the economy as a whole, and balloon the costs of climate-related programs over time.

Based on current warming trends, omB predicted climate change could reduce the country ’s gross Domestic Product, or economic output, by as much as 10% by the end of this century. major storms, floods, wildfires and other extreme weather events already cause around $120 billion a year in damages in the u.S., according to omB. The costs of six types of federal, disaster-related programs could rise anywhere from $25 billion to $128 billion by the end of the century.

Climate risks to national security, changes to ecosystems, and infrastructure expenditures do not have yet a price tag attached to them. But the cost to public health and businesses “ will be larger than the impact on our fiscal balance sheet, ” wrote the report's authors. read the full article at: https://www.npr.org/2022/04/07/1091258 821/the-future-cost-of-climate-inaction-2trillion-a-year-says-the-government

Photos courtesy of NASA on its website global Climate Change: vital Signs of the Planet, naSahas some very revealing before and after photos of changes that have taken place across the planet. There is also data on the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, changes in global temperature,arctic Sea ice extent, percentage loss of ice sheets, sea level rises, and more. on this website you can find detailed facts on the evidence, causes, effects, vital signs, and scientific consensus. under the Solutions tab, find information on earth science, mitigation and adaption, sustainability, and government resources. under the explore tab is where you ’ll find the images of change, videos, interactive, amazing images in the Beautiful earth gallery, and earth 360, where you can join scientists for a 360-degree view of the planet. visit: https://climate.nasa.gov/

Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Photo: Barry Jerald Jr.) Audubon: Earth Day Events

earth Day, april 22, is a special day to join the global community in taking a moment to rejoice in nature.We receive beautiful bird photos every week from the audubon Society, so in commemoration of earth Day and the spring migration, we are sharing some of those photos with you.

Spring is migration season and birds are able to change their bodies in incredible ways for migration. migrating is a major physical challenge.The energy required to fly hundreds or thousands of miles in a short span leaves birds with little room for error and vulnerable to many natural and human-caused threats. in preparation for such perilous journeys, birds undergo physical transformation unmatched by human gains from years of training.

To fly vast distances between breeding and wintering grounds, birds can shrink their internal organs, rapidly gain and burn through fat stores, reduce sleep requirements, and more. read more about some of the incredible ways that birds morph their bodies for migration here: www.audubon.org/news/five-incredibleways-birds-change-their-bodies-springand-fall-migration

Spring migration is here and some of our favorite warblers have started arriving—and with them, plenty of confusion. Whether you ’re inside birding by your window or strolling through your favorite patch, identifying individual tunes through the cacophony of birdsongs is pretty advanced stuff. listen here toaudubon’s online guide to identifying warbler songs: https://www.audubon.org/news/how-tellapart-sound-alike-warblers audubon also celebrated april as national native Plant month. for the second year in a row, Senators mazie Hirono (DHi) and rob Portman (r-oH) co-sponsored the resolution to recognize the importance of native plants to wildlife, people, the environment, and the u.S.

economy. audubon has identified nearly 50 million acres, from missouri to the gulf of mexico, as the most important places for birds and people in the lower mississippi river.To address climate change and other threats impacting this region,audubon has created an interactive map of priority habitats to maintain, adapt, or restore. find information on the lower mississippi river Conservation Blueprint here: https://www.audubon.org/news/our-blueprint-resilient-lower-mississippi-river

White-throated Sparrow (Photo: Tim Harris)

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