Transportation Planning Work Sample

Travel Characteristics of New Jersey Himadri Kundu Transportation and Land Use, Spring 2016 Edawrd J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy Rutgers University, NJ

 Objective of the research paper was to  study the demographics, travel characteristics, travel behavior (to a certain extent) and the relationship to land use in New Jersey  In particular  residential land use, residential choice and how that influences the commuting behavior, mode choice behavior for non-work travel of individuals

 New Jersey

Introduction

 one of the most diverse states with high immigrant population among the US  unique influence of the New York Metropolitan area on the land use, travel behavior and demographics  skewed both the population and demographics of New Jersey state in comparison to the rest of the country  4th highest Asian population in the US and 7th highest Hispanic population amounting to almost 9% and 18% respectively of the state’s population (U.S. Census 2011, ACS Estimate)

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Land Use – Transportation Systems

Built Environment

Transportation

Density

Trip Distance

Accessibility

Mode Choice Trip Time/Cost

Diversity Urban Design

 Essential part of modelling techniques is to predict and plan for future  Choice of variables established from previous research  Complexity of human behavior involved

 Demand – Supply model based on Utility function  But utilities vary with personal preferences  Difficult to account for effects from personal attitudes and self selection

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Methodology • • •

2009 NHTS data Descriptive Statistics Spatial Analysis

 Conventional travel survey analysis - the travel characteristics of the households and individuals  Categorized on the basis of household income levels and then according to the residential densities of the census tracts  Household family income was classified into 2 groups:  < $ 40,000 p.a. - Low Income  > $ 40,000 p.a. - Medium to High Income

 Residential Densities were grouped into 5 different classes (units/sq. mile) •

Scope to create better models

    

Very Low: 0 - 99 Low: 100 - 499 Moderate: 500 - 1999 High: 2000 - 9999 Very High: 10000 - 99999

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Transit Use v/s Residential Density

Results & Analysis

120% 100%

Residential Density (housing units/ sq. mile)

Time to work (mins)

Transit Use

# of Bike trip Last week

Personal VMT/day

Trip Distance

High

Very High

100 - 499 16.0

500 - 1999 8.6

2000 - 9999 5.3

10000 - 99999 N.A.

16.8 28.0

17.2 14.8

16.3 18.3

10.4 N.A.

29.5 0.0

30.7 0.3

29.4 0.1

32.3 2.0

32.8 1.4

3.4 7.2

2.0 2.8

2.3 3.0

3.8 2.6

7.4 4.7

4.3 86%

4.9 100%

3.8 95%

3.9 81%

4.8 0%

97% 0.7

96% 0.9

93% 0.7

87% 0.7

78% 0.2

1.2 0%

0.9 0%

0.8 0%

0.9 4%

0.7 100%

0% 0.3

1% 0.0

3% 0.2

2% 0.0

13% 0.0

0.5 10.5

0.5 7.8

0.4 5.0

0.4 3.6

0.0 2.5

Low

15.9 10.6

11.6 7.0

9.2 5.2

10.0 3.4

7.3 6.2

Medium - High

15.4

13.4

15.6

7.6

6.2

Low Medium - High

# of Walk trips in the past Low week Medium - High

Cars Ownership/HH Size

Moderate

18.9 15.6

Medium - High

# of Transit trips in the past Low week Medium - High

Auto Use (% of all modes)

Low

Low Medium - High Low Medium - High Low Medium - High Low Medium - High Low Medium - High

% of all modes

Distance to Work (miles)

80%

60%

Medium - High Income

40% 20% 0% Very Low

Low

Moderate

RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

High

Very High

Residential Density for Household Income 60% 50%

Relative Frequency

Travel Characteristics

Very Low HH Family Income Level 0 - 99 9.3 Low

Low Income

RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

Very Low

40%

Low 30%

Moderate High

20%

Very High 10% 0% Low Income

Medium - High Income

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,5 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov

Automobile to Work vs Residential Density 120%

% of all modes

100% RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

80%

Very Low

60%

Low

40%

Moderate

20%

High Very High

0% Low Income

# Transit trips past week vs Residential Density 10.00 RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

8.00

Number of trips

Source: 2010 Census Topological Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) files for the New Jersey transportation network.

Medium - High Income

Very Low

6.00

Low

4.00

Moderate High

2.00

Very High

0.00 Low Income

Medium - High Income

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Time to work vs Residential Density 40.00 35.00

Time (minutes)

30.00

RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

25.00

Very Low

20.00

Low

15.00

Moderate

10.00

High

5.00

Very High

0.00 Low Income

25.00

Distance to Work vs Residential Density RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

20.00

Distance in miles

Source: 2010 Census Topological Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) files for the New Jersey transportation network.

Medium - High Income

Very Low Low

15.00

Moderate

10.00

High

5.00

Very High

0.00 Low Income

Medium - High Income

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# Bike Last week v/s Residential Density 0.60 0.50 RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

0.40

Very Low

0.30

Low

0.20

Moderate

0.10

High Very High

0.00 Low Income

Source: Housing + Transportation Affordability Index, url:

8.00

http://htaindex.cnt.org/

6.00

Medium - High Income

# Walk trips vs Residential Density

Number of trips

7.00 RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

Very Low

5.00

Low

4.00

Moderate

3.00

High

2.00

Very High

1.00 0.00 Low Income

Medium - High Income

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VMT vs Residential Density 18.00 16.00

Distance in miles

14.00 12.00

RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

10.00

Very Low

8.00

Low

6.00

Moderate

4.00

High

2.00

Very High

0.00 Low Income

Source: Housing + Transportation Affordability Index, url:

Medium - High Income

Age vs Residential Density 100.00 RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

80.00

http://htaindex.cnt.org/ Age in years

Very Low 60.00

Low Moderate

40.00

High 20.00

Very High

0.00 Low Income

Medium - High Income

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Trip Distance vs Residential Density 18.00 16.00

Distance in miles

14.00 RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

12.00

Very Low

10.00 8.00

Low

6.00

Moderate

4.00

High

2.00

Very High

0.00 Low Income

1.4

Number of Cars owned

Source: 2010 Census Topological Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) files for the New Jersey transportation network.

Medium - High Income

Cars/HH Size v/s Residential Density

1.2

RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

1.0

Very Low

0.8

Low

0.6

Moderate

0.4

High

0.2

Very High

0.0 Low Income

Medium - High Income

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 Similar trends to other travel behavior studies for New Jersey and others states  Built environment has considerable influence but so does other factors

Conclusion

 Increase in density & diversity also likely to increase avg. travel time and congestion  Difficult to force people to change their preferential modes  Restricting further sprawling and providing residential mobility for low income households with a preference for dense urban transit areas.

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Thank You

Contact information (732)948-3243 himadrishekharkundu@gmail.com

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