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Understanding Campus Expression Across Higher Ed
Heterodox Academy’s Annual Campus Expression Survey
Published March 2023
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Data collected November 2022
Please direct media queries to: press@heterodoxacademy.org.

Citation: Zhou, S. & Barbaro, N. (2023).
UnderstandingStudent ExpressionAcrossHigherEd: HeterodoxAcademy’sAnnual CampusExpressionSurvey. Heterodox Academy.
Executive Summary
Continued Self-Censure by Students on Campus
Takeaway 1: Students’ Reluctance to Discuss Controversial Topics Remains High But Shows Signs of Improvement
Takeaway 2: Students’ Reluctance Is Associated Primarily with Fear of Negative Social Consequences from Peers
Takeaway 3: High Peer Interaction Is Associated with Greater Expression Among Students
Takeaway 4: Campus Culture Needs Continued Improvement to Foster Viewpoint Diversity
About the Data and Methods
The Student Sample by the Numbers
Takeaway 1: Students’ Reluctance to Discuss Controversial Topics Remains High But Shows Signs of Improvement
Students’ Reluctance to Discuss Specific Topics Students’ Political Orientation and Demographics Associated with Reluctance
Takeaway 2: Students’ Reluctance Is Associated Primarily with Fear of Negative Social Consequences from Peers Mismatch Between Students’ Reported Fear of Peers and Their Own Reported Likelihood to Criticize Others
Takeaway 3 : High Peer Interaction Is Associated with Greater Expression Among Students
Takeaway 4: Campus Culture Needs Continued Improvement to Foster Viewpoint Diversity