Drive & Ride

October 2019 A Special Supplement to

Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

Keep a tune-up schedule

The importance of routine vehicle maintenance

Where road meets rubber

Tire maintenance keeps drivers safe

‘Fuel’ your gasoline knowledge What is octane and should it affect drivers’ decisions at the pump?

2

October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

The importance of routine vehicle maintenance

O

wning a car is a big responsibility. Drivers who plan to keep their vehicles for the long haul must emphasize maintenance if they want to keep adding miles to their odometers. In fact, the automotive information site CarAdvice says that routine maintenance may be the most important thing drivers can do for their vehicles.

A vehicle needs consistent care if it is to run efficiently.

Maintenance also reduces the risk of roadside breakdowns and costly repairs. Here’s a look at some of the benefits of staying on top of maintenance.

Saves money: Even though maintenance costs money, sticking to a consistent maintenance schedule can save big bucks in the long run. For example, the cost of rotating and aligning tires is considerably less than repairing a car after a major blowout and paying for a tow

and tire replacement.

Improves performance and efficiency: Routine maintenance includes oil changes, filter changes and fluid top-offs. Such tasks keep engines running smoothly. Ignoring this routine maintenance can put engines in jeopardy of breaking down and adversely affect vehicle performance, diminishing fuel economy and leading to a sluggish ride.

Identifies safety issues: Routine inspections and work performed by reputable service stations help drivers stay abreast of recalls or issues that can affect the safety of the vehicle.

Maintains a maintenance record: When the time comes to sell the vehicle, having a log of routine maintenance indicates to potential buyers that the vehicle was well cared for.

Keeps compliance: Vehicles covered under manufacturer’s warranties typically need to be maintained in adherence to factory-recommended maintenance schedules. This ensures that the vehicle is in compliance and

will be covered in the event of a warranty claim.

Routine vehicle maintenance is important for a variety of reasons. Drivers can work with a trusted and reliable mechanic to develop a schedule that keeps their cars and trucks on the road.

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Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review • October, 2019

Standard vehicle maintenance intervals you may want to follow

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o two automobiles are the same. So it makes sense that vehicles have different maintenance guidelines.

Such guidelines, which include recommendations regarding how frequently oil should be changed and how often tires should be rotated, are typically included in vehicle owner’s manuals. Drivers are urged to familiarize themselves with these guidelines, which can protect vehicles as well as the people inside them.

According to CarGurus®, a free internet-based automotive resource, many manufacturers adhere to the 30-60-90 schedule. That schedule recommends everything from inspections to part replacements when vehicles reach 30,000, 60,000 and 90,000 miles.

These recommendations are meant to serve as guidelines, and drivers should know that certain factors can affect how often routine maintenance should occur and when parts must be replaced.

For example, harsh driving conditions can lead to excessive wear and tear that causes parts to erode long before owner’s manuals suggest they should. As a result, drivers should always speak with their mechanics during service appointments to determine if their vehicles are aging gracefully or if they need a little extra TLC. Drivers should always read their manuals for recommended service intervals. The following are some general maintenance guidelines, courtesy of CarGurus®, that drivers can keep in mind as the miles pile up on their vehicles’ odometers.

Oil and oil filter: Many new cars now run on synthetic oil, which tends to last between 5,000 and 10,000 miles. Older vehicles using traditional oil may need to adhere to the once-standard oil change interval of 3,000 miles. Mechanics will typically replace oil filters with the same frequency as they replace oil.

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hen buying a home, buyers are often on the lookout for the most competitive interest rate they can find.

Buyers may request estimates from various lenders in the hopes of finding low interest rates that can save them tens of thousands of dollars over the life of the loan. Car buyers may not know it, but similar due diligence can be performed when buying a new car. According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, buyers may be able to negotiate with dealers in an effort to secure the lowest auto loan interest rate possible. The CFPB notes that, with dealer-arranged financing, dealers collect information from buyers and then forward that information to potential lenders. Those lenders then choose whether or not to finance the loan. Those that propose financing will offer a rate, referred to as the “buy rate,” to the dealer. The interest rate negotiated between the buyer and the dealer may be higher than the buy rate, as it accounts for the effort the dealer put forth in arranging the financing. However, buyers may be able to negotiate to receive the buy rate, or least something closer to the buy rate than the dealer initially offered.

Buyers also should know that they have options other than dealer-arranged financing. Before visiting a dealership, buyers can contact banks, credit unions or other lenders to get preapproval for an auto loan. In such instances, these lenders will quote buyers an interest rate, and buyers can then compare those quoted rates with the ones they receive from dealers, ultimately choosing the best rate for them.

generally need to be replaced every 15,000 to 30,000 miles. However, CarGurus® notes that drivers who park in dusty environments should err on the side of caution and have their air filters replaced every 15,000 miles.

Fuel filter: Clogged fuel filters can affect engine performance and even prevent engines from running. Fuel filters may need to be changed at 30,000-mile intervals.

Battery: A typical car battery tends to last around four or five years.

Brake pads: Worn out brake pads will make a screeching sound. Brake pads should last around 50,000 miles, though they should be inspected at regular intervals regardless of mileage.

Brake rotors: Brake rotors can be resurfaced or replaced, and this should be done around 60,000 miles. Resurfacing can only be done once and is less expensive than a full replacement.

Hoses: Hoses crack over time, but generally do not need to be replaced until they reach the 90,000-mile mark.

However, hoses should be inspected routinely, as busted hoses can cause very significant damage.

Recommended maintenance intervals are only intended to serve as guidelines. If drivers notice any changes in vehicle performance, they should consult a mechanic immediately, regardless of how many miles are on their cars or trucks.

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October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

3 potential indicators of engine trouble M

Even drivers whose automotive clubs or insurance companies provide roadside assistance services want to avoid using such services. One way to do just that is to learn about potential indicators of engine trouble.

1. Warning lights Vehicle warning lights exist for a reason.

According to the automotive retailer Pep Boys®, a check engine light typically illuminates when vehicle sensors detect there are issues stemming from a loss of power. This can be dangerous, and Pep Boys® recommends

drivers pull over and call for a tow the moment the light comes on. In addition to check engine lights, drivers should heed warning lights referring to oil pressure and oil levels.

2. Poor gas mileage An easy way for drivers to monitor vehicle performance is to keep gas mileage in mind. If a vehicle suddenly feels like it’s not getting as much mileage out of a tank of gas as it used to, this might be indicative of engine troubles. A fuel additive such as a fuel injector cleaner might be helpful because it can clean clogged fuel injectors that can affect performance and lead to poor acceleration.

However, the automotive retailer Advance Auto Parts® notes that such products are not a one-size-fits-all cure.

If vehicles continue to suffer from reduced gas mileage, drivers should bring them to a mechanic for a thorough examination.

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Some signs of engine trouble are not as subtle as reduced gas mileage.

Vehicles that begin to jerk while they’re being driven are likely suffering from some form of engine trouble. Jerking might put a scare in drivers, but it’s not necessarily the result of a major problem, even if it is one that should be addressed immediately. A jerking vehicle that stalls puts drivers, their passengers and other motorists at risk of accident, so bring this issue to the attention of your mechanic immediately. Poorly functioning spark plugs may be the culprit behind jerking, and that’s a relatively inexpensive and quick fix. However, other issues can cause jerking as well, so don’t delay in speaking with your mechanic.

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Although that study was conducted in 2012, it’s reasonable to conclude that wasted fuel remains a big and potentially dangerous issue. One way to cut down on the environmental and financial toll of traffic is to find different routes that help drivers avoid traffic jams. Even if such routes are more circuitous, they may end up helping commuters save time and money in the long run. Popular GPS-based traffic apps can guide drivers to less congested roadways by allowing users to set filters to avoid traffic.

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Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review • October, 2019

Reading (and understanding) a window sticker

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onsumers shopping for new cars are no doubt familiar with the stickers plastered on the side windows of vehicles at dealerships.

These stickers are loaded with information and are designed to describe the vehicle and its various options. Learning to read the window sticker in depth can help guide vehicle purchases and give consumers a good understanding of the vehicles they’re considering The window sticker, known to auto industry professionals as the Monroney label, is required by law to be the same across all manufacturers in regard to the information it includes. However, the automotive resource Edmunds notes that the layout of the sticker can vary depending on the automaker. The following is some of the information shoppers will find on the window sticker, as well as a rundown of what that information means.

Model information: The top of the sticker will contain the model information, which includes the model, year and style of the vehicle.

Also included are the engine size and the type of transmission. Exterior and interior colors also will be included.

MSRP: One of the prominent components of the window sticker will be the manufacturer’s suggested retail price.

This does not necessarily represent the amount a buyer will spend on the car, nor is it what the dealer paid for the vehicle, which is the invoice price, says Cars. com. Many buyers try to negotiate a price lower than the MSRP. Standard equipment: This section of the window sticker lists all of the features and items included in the vehicle. Categories will

include exterior, interior, safety/security, comfort/ convenience, and mechanical/performance.

This section can be used to compare vehicles of the same trim level.

Warranty information: The warranty information is usually found next to the standard equipment information, offers YourMechanic.

This will include the comprehensive warranty and those specific to certain elements of the vehicle. This warranty information is what is included in the base price, although customers can

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VIN: The vehicle identification number will be located on the sticker as well. The VIN on the sticker should match the one on the dashboard to ensure it is the right vehicle.

Optional equipment: This is a list of the factory-installed options, which may be bundled into packages, states Edmunds.

Mileage and safety: The window sticker

also will showcase the fuel economy and environmental impact of the vehicle. Safety information may include ratings from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration or the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. If the car was released before being rated, the sticker will indicate it has not yet been rated.

Vehicle consumers can consult the window sticker and make a list of the key features they desire in their new car or truck, and then compare them against similar features in other makes and models.

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October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

Handle a breakdown with ease

D

rivers expect their vehicles to safely transport them from point A to point B. But sometimes drivers find themselves stranded on the side of the road due to a breakdown. That can be an especially precarious position to be in, but knowing what to do during a breakdown can help drivers and their passengers get through such situations unscathed.

1. Find a safe spot to pull over. Whenever possible, guide the car to a shoulder or area out of the line of traffic but still visible to oncoming traffic.

If the car is not drivable, enlist the help of someone to push it into a safe zone.

Hazard lights also may alert other motorists who might offer assistance.

Once your hazard lights are on, pop the hood, which can serve as an additional alert to other drivers.

2. Turn on hazard lights.

Esurance advises to put on hazard lights, which will warn other drivers that something is wrong.

3. Engage the emergency brake. Turn the wheel away from the road and put on the emergency brake to help

prevent the car from rolling.

4. Set up other warning signals. Prepared drivers keep cones, reflective triangles or flares in their cars. AARP suggests placing three warning signals. The first should be 50 feet away and directly behind the vehicle. The other two can then be placed nearer to

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the vehicle.

5. Remain in the vehicle.

It is safer to stay in the vehicle and call for help than to get out and stand on the side of a busy roadway.

6. Call for assistance.

Use a mobile phone to dial a roadside assistance service or tow truck.

Drivers also may want to

contact the nearest police station to ask for help.

Roadside assistance programs are available for a fee from private companies and sometimes through vehicle dealerships or insurance companies.

Such services can provide peace of mind if and when breakdowns occur.

Safety features that may help you save money on auto insurance

V

ehicles with high safety ratings may not only save drivers’ lives in the event of collisions, but they also may save them money.

As an incentive for buying cars with various safety features, many insurance companies offer deep discounts to drivers.

Although insurance companies may vary in what they consider safety features, the following are generalized options that may qualify drivers for discounted insurance rates.

Adaptive cruise control: This feature monitors traffic conditions and adjusts speed by controlling the throttle and brakes to maintain distance from other vehicles.

Antilock braking system: These systems have been standard equipment on vehicles manufactured since 2012.

Lane departure warnings: These systems alert drivers if they get too close to the edge of a lane.

Air bags: These safety features help cushion the blow for people during a crash and include front and side-protection.

Discounts increase with the number of air bags.

Blind spot sensors: These sensors light up or make a sound when a vehicle is in drivers’ blind spots, potentially preventing collisions during lane changes.

Daytime running lights: Daytime running lights may make drivers eligible for small discounts.

Electronic stability control: This prevents vehicles from skidding out or rolling over during hard turns.

7

Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review • October, 2019

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hort of buying a home, many consumers will never spend more money than they do when purchasing a new vehicle. According to the automotive resource Kelley Blue Book®, new-vehicle prices increased by 2 percent between April 2018 and April 2019, rising to slightly less than $37,000 in that period.

With so much money at stake, car buyers’ decisions in regard to which car to buy and how to finance the purchase are significant. Some financial variables, including sales tax, may be set in stone. However, buyers can make the process of buying new cars more affordable.

1. Pay the taxes upfront.

When buying a new car, buyers will receive a rundown of all of the costs from the dealership that’s selling them the vehicle. Sales taxes will be included in that rundown. Buyers who are financing their vehicles can save money over the long haul by including the sales taxes in their initial down payment. Doing so means buyers will only pay interest on the vehicle and not the vehicle as well as the taxes going forward.

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Car buyers who have cash back credit cards can use those cards when making down payments and/or paying the taxes on the vehicle to reduce the initial costs of buying the car. For example, if a credit card rewards card holders with 2 percent cash back on every charged purchase, buyers can then lower the cost of that down payment by 2 percent by simply using their cards when making the payment. Just be sure to pay the balance in full when the bill is due, as credit card interest charges can negate any savings you might earn.

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3. Carefully read the service contract.

Many dealerships now offer service contracts that can be rolled into monthly payments. These contracts may cover certain maintenance costs as defined in the agreement.

Each auto service contract is different, and some may just be offering duplicate coverage already provided by the manufacturers’ warranty. Buyers always have the option to decline the service contract and should never agree to it without first reading the entire contract. Requesting to do so can be difficult, as service contracts are often proposed as buyers finalize their financing agreements, and many packages must be accepted on-site before the loan is finalized. But buyers have the right to take their time and read the contracts.

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October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

Tire maintenance keeps drivers safe

M

aintaining tires is an important component of safe driving. Tires are some of the hardest working parts on a car or truck and are subjected to wear and tear every time rubber meets the road.

Tires affect many components of driving, including handling, braking and the comfort of the ride. Maintaining tires makes driving safe not only for drivers and their

passengers, but also for fellow motorists.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says that, in 2017, 738 fatalities occurred because of tirerelated crashes. Many of those crashes were no doubt preventable, and that only highlights the importance of maintaining tires and monitoring their performance.

Poor tire maintenance

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can lead to premature wear and potentially result in a blowout. The automotive group AAA notes it is important to visually inspect tires as often as possible. Drivers should look for overall tread wear. Pay special attention to tread wear on one edge of the tires, which could indicate poor alignment. Erratic tread wear may mean tires are out of balance.

be aware of the routine maintenance steps that can keep them safe and improve the life expectancy of tires.

Tire pressure: The NHTSA says only 19 percent of consumers properly check and inflate their tires. Keeping tires properly inflated is one of the most important steps to maintaining them. Tires lose around 1 psi per month, and underinflated or overinflated tires can contribute to unusual wear, blowouts and even excessive fuel consumption.

Drivers also should pay attention to how their cars drive and sounds.

Unusual vibration or thumping noises suggest issues with the tires. A car Rotation: Check the that pulls in one direction also may be experiencing owner’s manual or recommendations from tire problems. the tire manufacturer, but know that most Vehicle owners should

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mechanics advise having tires rotated every 5,000 to 8,000 miles. Rotation helps distribute wear more evenly on tires.

Balancing: AAA says balancing also helps minimize uneven wear and tear. Balanced tires are achieved by using small weights attached to the wheels to limit vibration of the tire and wheels as they turn. New tires should be balanced, and tires also should be balanced after one or more is removed to repair a puncture.

Alignment: Vehicles have wheel alignment measurements that pertain to manufacturers’ specifications. Alignment that falls outside of the range can impact handling, fuel economy and tread wear. A drift or pull suggests alignment problems and should be addressed.

Vehicle owners should keep tire inspection and maintenance in mind as part of their overall car care plan.

9

Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review • October, 2019

What is octane and should it affect drivers’ decisions at the pump?

A

nyone who has ever driven their vehicles into a filling station is no doubt familiar with the word “octane.” But few drivers may know what octane refers to and how it might affect their vehicles.

So what does this mean for the average driver when he or she arrives at the pump and has to choose between 87, 89 or 93 octane gasoline? Likely very little.

The U.S. Department of Energy notes that most gasoline vehicles are designed to run on 87 octane gasoline. However, some vehicles are still designed to run on higher octane fuel, so drivers should always consult their owners’ manuals to determine which octane is best for their vehicles.

According to Kelley Blue Book®, octane is a colorless component that boils at high temperatures. Octane is added to fuels, including gasoline used in vehicles, to eliminate preignition in combustion engines.

The higher the octane rating, which is a measure of a fuel’s ability to resist “knocking” or “pinging,” the less likely the fuel is going to explode unexpectedly. In fact, KBB notes that gasoline with a high octane rating can withstand more compression than gas with a low octane rating.

recommended by the vehicle manufacturer may actually void the warranty. That gives drivers even greater incentive to consult their owner’s manuals before filling up for the first time.

Drivers may wonder if using a higher octane fuel than the one recommended by their car’s manufacturer will improve performance. And in certain instances, it might. The DOE notes that higher octane fuel may improve performance and gas mileage and reduce carbon emissions when towing or carrying heavy loads.

However, there’s typically no such benefit when driving in normal conditions.

Using a lower octane fuel than the one mentioned by the vehicle manufacturer can damage the engine over time. The DOE even notes that using a fuel with an octane rating other than the one

Drivers encounter octane anytime they visit a filling station. Learning more about octane and what it does for vehicles can help drivers become more informed motorists.

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10

October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

The benefits to buying a car in person T echnology has changed many things about the way people live their lives, including how they buy their cars. Whereas trips to the dealership were once inevitable for drivers in the market for new vehicles, the internet is now littered with websites enabling users to buy new cars with the click of a mouse. But buying cars online, and often sight unseen, can be a risky proposition, and there are many reasons why buying new cars in person can benefit buyers.

More than meets the eye: One of the more widely promoted websites that

“sells” cars is TrueCar.com.

Television ads for TrueCar® are ubiquitous, but viewers might not realize that TrueCar.com is essentially a network of auto dealerships in which member dealerships pay to obtain buyers’ contact information. That’s important information to know for buyers who want to buy a car online so they can cut out the “middleman” (i.e., dealerships).

before buying them. That’s not always possible when buying vehicles online. While buyers may be able to return cars purchased online after they have been delivered, that can be inconvenient, negating what many feel is the single biggest benefit to buying a car online. When buying cars they have already driven in person, buyers won’t be surprised when getting behind the wheel.

only afford to purchase new vehicles if they get a good deal on an existing trade-in.

By visiting dealerships in person, buyers can negotiate a higher trade-in value than they might be able to get online. In addition, when shopping for new cars, many buyers return to the same dealership where they purchased previous automobiles. An existing relationship with a dealer might make buyers eligible for discounts they’re unlikely to earn when buying cars online.

No surprises: Some online auto dealers promise delivery of the car. That can seem especially convenient, but it’s always in buyers’ best interest to test drive cars

Savings: Online dealerships may market themselves as more buyer-friendly than traditional dealerships, but Convenience: Online such claims should be taken auto dealerships often cite with a grain of salt. Many can convenience as one of the

biggest feathers in their caps. But it can be more convenient, and considerably less time-consuming, for buyers to simply walk into a dealership and ask to test drive various vehicles.

Buyers who visit dealerships can test drive various vehicles in a single morning or afternoon, while those who stick to buying online may have to drive far and wide to drive more than one car in a single day.

The tradition of buying cars in person can still pay dividends for buyers accustomed to buying things online.

Is there a “best time” to buy or sell a vehicle?

T

he automotive industry is big business.

According to the Statista Research Department, roughly 79 million cars and light trucks are expected to be sold worldwide by the end of 2019.

Certain times of the year may be more favorable for buying or selling vehicles.

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When to sell Cars depreciate quite a bit the moment they move off of the lot.

Most lose upwards of 20 percent of their value within the first year, according to Edmunds, a leading automotive information company and pricing index. Certain things contribute to depreciation, including mileage,type of driving and whether the car was maintained or not.

Sometimes the best times for a person to sell are when it no longer is financially prudent to keep the vehicle. For some, this may mean when the bumper-to-bumper warranty expires or if mileage starts to tick up, adversely affecting resale value.

Kelley Blue Book® says that most dealerships do their biggest “wheeling and dealing” toward the end of the calendar year. November and December are some of their most profitable months, and consumers who are able to budget for a new vehicle at this time of year can get great prices. Dealers want to carry over as little inventory as possible into the new year, so some are motivated to negotiate more on the current year models, enabling them to make room for new inventory and meet existing sales projections.

The financial resource Bankrate says the day of the week one chooses to buy also may be The time of year to sell something to consider. that is most favorable is Monday, Tuesday between the months of and Wednesday are March through August, slow days at many dealerships, which may offers U.S. News and make negotiating a World Report. When deal easier. Shopping temperatures start to holiday sales, such as climb, people begin those on Black Friday thinking about warmor New Year’s Eve, also weather and getting can help consumers outdoors. This is a earn time of year when tax refunds are issued, and better deals. it is far enough away Timing is everything from the holidays to in the vehicle market. make big purchases Learn the best times more affordable. to buy or sell a vehicle When to buy and reap the rewards.

11

Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review • October, 2019

Exercise caution around brake dust

A

s cars age, certain wear and tear is to be expected. One of the realities of frequent driving, particularly for drivers who routinely drive in stopand-go traffic, is the gradual deterioration of brake pads.

Do-it-yourselfers can replace brake pads on their own, but those that do should be aware of a potential hazard when doing so.

The Mesothelioma Center says that brakes sometimes contain asbestos due to that material’s heat-resistant qualities. As brakes start to wear down over time, the asbestos can escape.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) says that, while many new automotive components are asbestosfree, asbestos hasn’t been eliminated entirely from the industry. That is why mechanics and do-ityourselfers need to exercise caution when repairing or replacing brakes.

Brake dust may inadvertently expose individuals to cancercausing asbestos through inhalation or ingestion.

OSHA says that exposure

to asbestos, if not properly controlled, can cause mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis. Symptoms may not appear for years or even decades after contact with asbestos fibers.

The Mesothelioma Center estimates that asbestos is present in 30 to 80 percent of brakes and other components. The routine task of “blowing out” brake surfaces, which involves using an air hose to clean the surfaces of brakes and rotors, is one of the most common ways people are exposed to asbestos through brake dust.

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pads. However, brake dust also can contain some metallic elements and other components housed in the brake pad — including asbestos.

The automotive resource YourMechanic says that, while brake dust is not indicative of a poor braking system, over time brake dust can corrode the clear coat on a car and may eat into the aluminum alloy surface of the wheel. That is why so many drivers try to clean away brake dust, potentially exposing them to dangerous materials.

DIYers may be better off

visiting professional service centers to have brakes addressed rather than doing the job on their own. OSHA says all automotive brake and clutch repair facilities in the United States must comply with the OSHA asbestos standard. These include using negative pressure enclosure/HEPA vacuum systems and low pressure/wet cleaning methods.

While asbestos is being phased out of many automotive components, it is always best to treat bakes, clutches and more with extra caution in the event that asbestos is present.

Questions older drivers can ask themselves to see if it’s still safe to drive M en and women know that adjustments must be made as they get older. Athletes nearing their golden years may not be able to push themselves as hard at the gym as they once did. Professionals nearing retirement age might not be able to pull long hours at the office like they used to.

But aging affects more than just work and play. As men and women age, their ability to perform everyday tasks, including driving, may diminish as well.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration notes that, as people age, certain changes they experience can affect their ability to safely operate an automobile. Changes in eyesight, physical fitness and reflexes may require aging drivers to reassess their skills behind the wheel. The NHTSA notes that drivers can ask themselves the following questions as they try to assess their driving abilities.

How is my eyesight?

The American Optometric Association notes that vision changes naturally occur as a person ages. Such changes do not necessarily mean drivers have to give up the keys to their vehicles. In fact, they may just require more routine eye examinations.

The NHTSA says having trouble reading signs easily, recognizing someone from across the street, seeing streets signs and pedestrians, and handling headlight glare are common signs of age-related eye problems.

Can I control my vehicle?

Age-related loss of strength, coordination and flexibility can make it hard for aging men and women to control their vehicles.

Some signs that drivers might be having

trouble controlling their vehicles include trouble looking over shoulders to change lanes, difficulty moving foot from the gas pedal to the brake pedal and difficulty turning the steering wheel. Pain in the knees, legs or ankles also can make it difficult for drivers to control their vehicles.

Does driving make me nervous, scared or overwhelmed?

Drivers who feel confused by traffic signs and traffic (including pedestrian traffic) should stop driving until they can discuss the issue with their physicians. Medication can sometimes make drivers feel sleepy or confused, and some aging drivers even find themselves overwhelmed in otherwise normal driving situations.

Are my loved ones concerned about my driving?

Aging drivers may feel offended when family members question their ability to drive. However, the NHTSA notes that sometimes other people notice things about a person’s driving that the person does not. The concern expressed by loved ones should not be taken lightly.

Do I drive with passengers?

Drivers who routinely drive with passengers, especially young children, carry extra responsibility. As a result, such drivers owe it to themselves and their passengers to honestly assess their driving abilities.

Various remedies can address age-related driving issues, and drivers should discuss them with their doctors the moment they feel as though their skills behind the wheel are starting to diminish.

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12

October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

Common end-of-lease questions and answers L

easing a vehicle has its advantages. Lessees often point to the excitement of getting a new vehicle every three years as one of the best reasons to lease. Monthly lease payments also tend to be less expensive than monthly financing payments, allowing people without much money to put toward a new vehicle the chance to drive a new car or truck anyway.

Figures support the idea that more and more drivers are giving leasing a try. According to Cox Automotive, a leading auto industry research company, new vehicle lease originations rose from just over one million in 2009 to roughly 4.5 million in 2016.

Come the end of a lease, drivers new to leasing may have lots of questions regarding returning their vehicles. The following are some common end-of-lease

questions and their answers.

Can I return my car to any dealer?

Many lease agreements dictate that vehicles be returned to an authorized dealer of the make of the car. For example, drivers who lease a Hyundai are typically required to return their vehicles to a Hyundai dealership. Returning the vehicle to the dealership who initially leased you the vehicle may be the easiest way to go, especially if you want to buy the vehicle.

Should I bring my checkbook?

The initial lease agreement may list potential end-of-lease charges that could be applicable upon returning the vehicle, so drivers should be prepared to pay these fees upon turning the car in. These charges may pertain to excess wear and use, excess mileage and unpaid fees, such as parking

Did you know?

The United States and Canada have two of the lowest minimum age driving requirements in the world. Minimum driving age requirements vary by the state and province in the United States and Canada, respectively. However, in many areas of the United States, drivers can begin driving with a learner’s permit around the age of 14 (drivers with learner’s permits often must be accompanied by fully licensed drivers), while the minimum driving age in most Canadian provinces is 16 (it is 14 in Alberta).

Throughout much of Africa, including in countries such as Egypt, Kenya and Morocco, the minimum driving age is 18. The Central American countries of Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua also make young people wait until the age of 18 before they can get behind the wheel. Much of South America is the same, with only Argentina (17) and Chile (17 with parental approval) allowing young people to drive before they turn 18.

Many countries in Asia, including China (18), India (18 for cars, 16 for gearless bikes under 50 cc) and Japan (18 for cars and motorcycles over 401 cc), also have higher minimum age driving requirements than the United States and Canada.

violations or past late payments.

The agreement also will note a disposition, or turn-in, fee if one applies.

from the same manufacturer within a certain period of time after turning in their leased automobile.

Can I turn the vehicle in early?

How much to buy my leased vehicle?

Hyundai Motor Finance notes that turning a vehicle in before a lease reaches full maturity could result in an early termination fee.

Such charges may be significant, so drivers should consult their lease agreements to see if they are applicable.

What is the turn-in fee?

A turn-in fee is payable at the end of the lease if drivers do not purchase the vehicle.

Sometimes referred to as the disposition fee, the turn-in fee may be waived if drivers lease or finance a new vehicle

Some lessees may want to purchase their vehicles rather than turn them in at the end of the lease. But before doing so, they want to know how much it will cost to purchase the vehicle.

This information should be included in the lease agreement and is often referred to as the “purchase option fee.”

Drivers may have many questions before returning a leased vehicle and are urged to contact a dealership or lender to get answers before their lease reaches its maturity date.

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How to make driving in inclement weather more safe

I

mpaired visibility can be a safety hazard while driving. Everything from sun glare to hail can affect a driver’s ability to see the road and navigate it effectively. Before drivers get behind the wheel, they should make note of their local forecast and make a plan for what to do if rain, snow or other conditions make it challenging to drive.

The International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences indicates that, based on an examination of crash test data conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the “likelihood of a crash increases during periods of low visibility, despite the tendency for less traffic and for lower speeds to prevail during these times.”

Drivers can take several steps to improve their visibility when driving in poor weather conditions.

If they’re not functioning properly, wipers cannot do their jobs. Drivers should replace their wipers at the first indication that they are no longer effective.

In some conditions, wipers can freeze or stick.

Drivers should then pull over and clean the wipers manually.

Clear obstructions.

Always make sure the windshield is clear before driving. This can include removing ice and snow in the winter and cleaning off mud or bug splatter in the spring and summer. Use the front and rear defrost if condensation fogs up windshields and windows.

Slow down. Foul weather can reduce drivers’ ability to see far into the distance. Drivers should always drive slower in inclement weather in order to improve reaction time.

Top off fluids. Always keep the windshield washer reservoir full and keep extra fluid in Inspect and change windshield wiper blades. the trunk. In addition, look for a fluid that does Wipers are instrumental not freeze in very cold in clearing precipitation away from the windshield. temperatures.

13

Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review • October, 2019

Learn how to drive in fog. Each year, more than 38,700 vehicle crashes occur in fog, states the Federal Highway Administration. Travelers Insurance recommends slowing down, staying focused and using regular headlights and not high beams when driving in fog.

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In snowy or icy conditions, drive only if it’s absolutely necessary, as snow and ice can impair visibility and make roads slick, says AAA.

Avoid driving at dusk and dawn. The human eye can have trouble adjusting to rapidly changing light and darkness conditions, Go out only if necessary. which are common

at dusk and dawn. If possible, drivers should make trips during the heart of the day, especially if poor lighting conditions typically make it difficult for them to drive.

Drivers can take steps to improve visibility when inclement weather makes roadways hard to navigate.

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14

October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

Safety measures for winter drivers

W

inter weather causes many people to retreat indoors until the spring

thaw. However, for those who embrace the cooler temperatures or find that life must go on despite

snow and ice, taking inventory of their vehicles is a must before the first snowflakes start to fall.

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Tire care is an especially important area of vehicle maintenance. The tire experts at Michelin say that regular tires may be ineffective for winter driving. Summer tires are made from materials that are optimized for warm conditions. When the mercury drops, these same materials can harden, reducing their ability to grip the road.

That lack of traction can be compounded by the presence of snow or ice.

Even all-season tires, which are designed to be driven year-round, can be insufficient in severe weather conditions.

Winter tires can help drivers safely navigate winter roadways.

Bridgestone Tires says that having the right snow tires matters when driving in winter weather conditions. It’s important to look for tires that can disperse water sufficiently and also grip the road.

Snow tires are designed to remain softer and more flexible to conform to the road better in cold conditions. Some winter tires are even studded to provide better traction.

Unfortunately, even the best winter tires cannot provide perfect traction on slippery roadways. That is why it is essential — in conjunction with the use of winter tires or snow chains — to modify driving techniques to navigate safely.

• Drive slowly. Slow

down on winter roads.

Allow a greater distance for stopping than for dry conditions. Slippery conditions can make it more challenging to stop, and excessive speeds can make the situation worse.

• Shift into low gear. On hills, rely on low gears to maximize traction to travel up and down hills. This can minimize skids or sliding.

• Get the vehicle a tuneup. In addition to tires, be sure the braking system, battery and other major components of the vehicle are in good working order.

• Replace windshield wipers. Reduced visibility can compromise the safety of drivers and their passengers. Replace windshield wiper blades before winter arrives.

Consider purchasing winter-rated windshield blades.

• Know how to recover from a skid. When skids occur on black ice or slush, drivers should take their feet off of the pedals and steer gently in the direction they want to go.

As the vehicle regains traction, only then should the brakes or accelerator be applied.

Winter weather requires making some vehicle modifications, and drivers may want to alter the way they drive to be more safe on the road.

15

Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review • October, 2019

Safely use GPS systems while driving

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Set the address destination and plot the course while the vehicle is parked. GPS should not be tinkered with while driving. If new directions are needed, or if you need a look ahead at the route, pull over to do so safely.

I

t wasn’t too long ago that drivers pulled into filling stations and rest stops to pick up maps to help them find their way.

But nowadays global positioning systems have rendered paper maps and atlases somewhat obsolete. GPS systems are now so advanced that many even help drivers avoid traffic and/or toll roads.

Navigation systems

can be used from smartphones or technology built into cars. GPS systems are convenient and often very accurate. But drivers run the risk of accident anytime their attention is diverted from the road — even during momentary glances at GPS devices. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says distracted driving is

systems may sometimes direct drivers down the wrong side of one-way streets, so common sense should always prevail.

Know how to operate the device before driving. Learning the tools and features of the Engage vocal guidance. device while the car is in motion is a recipe for Allow the navigation an accident. Instead, system to speak learn how to use it before directions to you so you can keep your eyes on the hitting the road so you dangerous and claimed road as much as possible. can engage the screen 3,166 lives in 2017 alone. or navigation system as minimally as possible The Ontario Provincial Familiarize yourself while on the move.

Police say distracted with the route prior to driving continues to be the your trip. GPS systems Enlist the help of a coNo. 1 cause of accidents are not infallible, so you pilot. Ask a passenger in the province, causing should have a basic to take charge and help more fatal accidents than understanding of where with directions so you can any other factor. you are going even if you keep your eyes on the plan to use GPS. This road.

How can drivers safely way you can anticipate use navigation systems turns or highway exits GPS navigation systems while before the alerts and come in handy, but they operating a vehicle? The stay attuned to the should always be used following tips can help. traffic ahead. Navigation with safety in mind.

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16

October, 2019 • Pioneer, River Valley and Herald Review

Plan your fall foliage excursion

A

utumn means different things to many people.

Students may embrace the dawn of a new school year, while others might embrace the crisp weather after a season of heat. One of the more widely enjoyed aspects of autumn is the chance to take in the brilliant foliage.

Although New England may be renowned for its bright, orange, red and yellow panoramas, dazzling displays of foliage can be witnessed anywhere temperatures descend enough for deciduous trees to shed their leaves.

The first step to a successful fall foliage excursion is to find the right spot. The Catskill and Adirondack Mountains of New

York, Amish Country in Pennsylvania, the Great Lakes from Michigan to Ohio, and many other areas can be great places to witness nature at its most colorful. To make the most of fall foliage road trips, drivers can keep the following suggestions in mind.

to forests and sprawling landscapes will do.

• Go on foot. To get the best photos, head out at sunrise or sunset. Soft, golden light dappled by leaves will bring out the golden tones in photos.

Going on foot will help you discover the nuances of the season and slow down for a change.

• Get off the highway.

To see great fall vistas, take a detour from major thoroughfares and visit small towns and mountain passes.

Invest in some maps, as cellular networks may be inaccessible in remote locales.

• Don’t overlook overcast days. Traveling in the rain may not be fun, but overcast days might be ideal. On such days, the sun won’t be too warm and drown out the colors.

• Avoid tourist-heavy areas. Drivers may prefer less crowded roadways to accompany the great scenery. Such drivers should visit areas that are not tourist meccas.

Any area that plays home

• Bring along binoculars.

Wildlife is often mobile and abundant in the fall, as animals scurry to feed and gather supplies before the winter. As a result, autumn is a great time to spot wildlife that’s normally hiding in thickets

and woodland areas.

• Plan for stops along the way. Don’t forget to bring some spending money in the form of cash so that you can enjoy the small farm stands and shops that often dot rural landscapes. Pick up farmfresh produce or choose a plump pumpkin. Yard sales also are abundant this time of year. Small shops may not take credit cards, so if you plan to buy, cash is king.

Trees begin shedding their leaves as early as the beginning of September in Canada and the northern United States. As the days press on, the fall finery will gradually shift southward.

For those who can afford to take a weekday off, do so, as weekends might be overcome with fellow nature enthusiasts.

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Check tire inflation and inspect the tread for uneven wear, indicating the need for wheel alignment. Also look for bulges and bald spots.

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REED CITY 231-832-2277

BALDWIN 231-745-2003

SOUTH LYON 248-486-9404

SHERIDAN 989-291-3355

EDMORE 989-427-3500

CARSON CITY 989-584-3137

HEMLOCK 989-642-3200

SAND LAKE 616-636-5985

MIDDLEVILLE 269-795-9286

HOWARD CITY 231-937-4517

BROOKLYN 517-592-2137

PETOSKEY 231-347-6272

MUSKEGON 231-773-5735

ROTHBURY 231-861-7761

WAYLAND 269-792-6237

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GRAND RAPIDS 616-459-6111 N 616-247-7771 S KENT CITY 616-678-4070

EAST JORDAN 231-536-9530