Materials & Finishes E-Portfolio

ASSIGNMENT 1

NAME: HEANNA YAP SHI SHI STUDENT ID: 0335522 MODULE: BLD60704 MATERIALS & FINISHES COURSE: BA (HONS) INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE INTAKE: SEMESTER 2

CEILING – CONCRETE SLAB DRY KITCHEN AREA

Concrete Slab as ceiling

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Reinforced concrete slab is a crucial structural element that is used to provide flat surfaces for floors and ceilings. As shown in Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.3, it can clearly be seen that it is a two-way slab as it sits on beams in two directions.

Figure 1.3

Two-Way Slab

Two-way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads are carried by the supports along with both directions. So, the main reinforcement is provided in both sides along both the directions due to bending occurring on both sides.

Dimensions of Dry Kitchen Area 3500 MM (W) X 4725 MM (L) X 3350 MM (H)

Specification 150 MM (THK) CONCRETE SLAB W/ WHITE EPOXY PAINT FINISH

Material Characteristic, Safety, Comfort & Aesthetic, Concrete Slab Concrete slab is at both economic and low maintenance cost as it is one of the most common structure used in construction of houses. It is a very durable material, high in compressive strength but low in tensile strength.

As it is a two-way slab, the cost of formwork is higher because additional formworks for the beam is needed hence why to save cost, it was used as a part of the ceiling with white epoxy paint finish.

Epoxy Paint Epoxy paint is suitable to be used for this ceiling as it is a tough and hardwearing water-based paint. White epoxy paint was used for the ceiling to match the walls and to give the room a simple, clean, spacious and open look.

Safety Concrete can be fire resistance therefore if any fire occurs from the wet kitchen area, it will prevent it from quickly spreading throughout the whole house. It is can also reduce acoustic performance in terms of impact noises.

Aesthetics

Although having exposed wiring and piping as shown in Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.4 may be less aesthetically pleasing, any maintenance needed can be accessed at ease.

Spalling Concrete In Figure 1.5, it is evident that spalling of concrete may occur overtime as a result in corroding of steel bars embedded in the concrete slab which causes concrete cover to crack and bulge. If it is not treated correctly, it may be harmful when bits and pieces of the concrete cover starts to fall off the ceiling.

How to Prevent?

Preventions method can be taken to account by painting ceilings regularly, sealing cracks and holes regularly and ensure enough ventilation.

How to Repair?

1. Remove all the spalled concrete to expose corroded steel bars.

2. Scrape and clean the exposed steel bars and use a wire brush to remove any rust.

3. Apply 2 coats of anti-rust paint to the steel bars.

4. Apply a bonding agent to the affected surface to ensure proper adhesion.

5. Patch the hacked area using polymer modified cement mortar.

6. Paint over the patched area with white epoxy paint to match the existing ceiling.

Installation Method Construction

3

1

5

1

4

2

6, 7, 8

Construct a temporary structure using struts, beams and shuttering below

the slab position.

2

Build the formwork on top of the structure to hold the concrete in place.

3

Assemble reinforcements as indicated by building engineer guidelines.

4

Pour concrete in-situ into the formwork by using a boomed concrete pump.

5

Let the concrete cure for 10 – 28 days while keeping it wet and frost-free to

prevent cracking and all building activities must not take place for 10 days.

Remove formworks once the concrete has cured and reached the correct strength of the supporting structure.

Paint Finishing 6

Sand concrete slab to remove bumps and uneven surfaces as sealer and

paint won’t adhere to a dirty surface.

7

Ensure that surface is absolutely sry before using a long-handled paint

roller to apply a concrete sealer to the ceiling. Leave it to dry for 2 – 8 hours.

8

Use the long-handled paint roller to apply 2-3 coats of white epoxy paint,

which will adhere to the ceiling and will provide a hard surface that won’t be easily chipped or scratched. Let it dry a day between each coat.

3500

150

200

350

150 MM (THK) EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB W/ WHITE EPOXY PAINT FINISH

10 MM (THK) MASONRY PLASTER W/ WHITE INTERNAL PAINT FINISH

3000

100 MM (THK) EXISTING BRICK WALL

10 MM (THK) MASONRY PLASTER W/ WHITE EXTERNAL PAINT FINISH 200 MM (THK) EXISTING REINFORCED COLUMN W/ WHITE INTERNAL PAINT FINISH 200 MM (THK) EXISTING REINFORCED COLUMN W/ WHITE EXTERNAL PAINT FINISH

A

SECTION A SCALE 1:10

150 MM (THK) EXISTING CONCRETE SLAB W/ WHITE EPOXY PAINT FINISH 200 MM (W) X 350 MM (H) EXISTING CONCRETE BEAM W/ WHITE EPOXY PAINT FINISH

A-A

DETAIL A-A SCALE 1:50

CEILING – SUSPENDED CEILING DINING AREA

Suspended Ceiling – Exposed Grid

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Suspended ceilings are secondary ceilings suspended from the structural floor slab above, creating a void between the underside of the floor slab and the top of the suspended ceiling. As shown in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2, it can clearly be seen that it is an exposed grid suspended ceiling system. The installation method of this particular ceiling is with timber joist, old cellulose ceiling tile nailed onto the timber joist and finished with timber cornice, shown in Figure 1.3 and Figure 1.4.

Dimension of Dining Area 3500 MM (W) X 4000 MM (L) X 3000 MM (H)

Specifications 3 MM (THK) X 610 MM (W) X 1220 MM (L) OLD CELLULOSE CEILING TILE W/ WHITE FLAT-LATEX PAINT FINISH 50 MM (THK) X 100 MM (W) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST 50 MM (THK) X 100 MM (W) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST W/ BLACK FLATLATEX PAINT FINISH 50 MM (THK) X 50 MM (W) X 350 (L) VERTICAL PINE WOOD JOIST 10 MM (THK) X 30 MM (W) PINE WOOD FLAT CORNICE W/ WHITE FLAT-LATEX PAINT FINISH 150 MM (THK) EXISTING CONCRETE SLAB

Material Characteristics, Safety, Comfort & Aesthetic Timber Joist – Pine Wood Pine wood is a coniferous wood that is medium-weight and relatively soft. Its strength and elasticity are good.

Pine wood is typically used for building and construction there for it can easily be installed onto the concrete slab as it can be nailed easily. It has high natural moisture content, which can lead to a blue staining of the wood through fungal infection but the physical properties of the wood is unaffected.

Old Cellulose Ceiling Tile Old cellulose ceiling tile is one of the most common ceiling tile used in construction of suspended ceiling for old houses in Brunei. It is a paperbased cellulose mix treated with boric acid to give it fire resistance properties. 1 tile is 3 mm thick and 610 mm by 1220 mm. It is lightweight, very affordable and easy to install as it is nailed directly onto the timber joist. Each tile is also painted over with white flat-latex finish to cover the nails which gives the room a neat finish.

Flat-Latex Paint Flat finish coats are latex-based and usually used for ceilings. Therefore, it is suitable to be used on the ceiling because of its latex materials, which is resistant to water damage. There are 2 types of flat-latex paint used, white and black.

Aesthetic Not only does it look neat and aesthetically pleasing but it can also hide electrical wirings and piping. Overtime, ceiling tile may turn yellow due to dirty water leaking onto the back of the tile and soaked through the surface causeing discolored stains or due to rust contamination. As it is easy installed, tiles can be detached or replaced when needed to.

Installation Method Construction 1

1.

Fix the timber framework directly

to the beams. Horizontal timber joist installed at every 305 mm gap.

2

2.

Fix the struts to the supports.

Vertical timber joist installed at every 600 mm gap.

3

3.

Fix the wall supports and

framework members. Horizontal timber joist installed at every 305 mm gap.

4

4.

Fix the first row of ceiling tiles with

10 mm gap between each tile. Nail gap 12 MM 10 MM

of 12 mm.

10 MM

5

5. Cut tiles to length and leave a gap of 10 mm at the edge.

10 MM

6

6. Edge the profile with timber flat cornice using miter joints at 45 degrees to give it a complete finish.

Paint 7. Apply white flat-latex paint onto the tile and leave it to dry for 24 hours.

8. After paint on tile is absolutly dry, apply wood primer onto the exposed grid and leave it to dry for 2 – 8 hours.

9. Then, apply black flat-latex paint onto the exposed grid and leave it to dry for 24 hours.

3700

200

305

50

50

50 MM (THK) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST

250

350

150

150 MM (THK) EXISTING CONCRETE SLAB

50 MM (THK) VERTICAL PINE WOOD JOIST 50 MM (THK) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST W/ BLACK PAINT FINISH

10 MM (THK) MASONRY PLASTER W/ WHITE INTERNAL PAINT FINISH 100 MM (THK) EXISTING BRICK WALL 10 MM (THK) MASONRY PLASTER W/ WHITE EXTERNAL PAINT FINISH

200 MM (THK) EXISTING REINFORCED COLUMN W/ WHITE INTERNAL PAINT FINISH

2970

200 MM (THK) EXISTING REINFORCED COLUMN W/ WHITE EXTERNAL PAINT FINISH

B

SECTION B SCALE 1:10

3 MM (THK) OLD CELLULOSE CEILING TILE W/ WHITE FLAT-LATEX PAINT FINISH

150 MM (THK) EXISTING CONCRETE SLAB 50 MM (THK) X 100 MM (W) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST 50 MM (THK) X 50 MM (W) X 350 MM (L) VERTICAL PINE WOOD JOIST 50 MM (THK) X 100 MM (W) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST W/ BLACK FLAT-LATEX PAINT FINISH

3 MM (THK) X 610 MM (W) X 1220 MM (L) OLD CELLULOSE CEILING TILE W/ WHITE FLAT-LATEX PAINT FINISH

10 MM (THK) X 30 MM (W) PINE WOOD FLAT CORNICE W/ WHITE FLAT-LATEX PAINT FINISH

B-B

DETAIL B-B SCALE 1:50

WALL

STONE

TIMBER

METAL

TILES

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

A

A

700

500 COMPACT FURNITURE LAYOUT PLAN SCALE 1:10 DRAWN BY: HEANNA YAP SHI SHI ID NO: 0335522 CHECKED BY: ST/NN

EL A

COMPACT FURNITURE ELEVATION SCALE 1:10

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: COMPACT FURNITURE PLAN AND ELEVATION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

NOTE:

500

SCALE: AS SHOWN DATE: 15

JULY 2020

DWG NO: DWG_HY_CF_1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

15

FP C

500

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

354MM (W) X 707MM (L) X 15MM (THK) CUSTOMIZED BIRCH VENEER PLYWOOD FLIPABLE TABLE TOP W/ SELECTED WALNUT WOOD STAIN IN VARNISH FINISH 322MM (W) X 643 MM (L) X 20MM (THK) CUSTOMIZED BIRCH VENEER PLYWOOD SEAT W/ SELECTED WALNUT WOOD STAIN IN VARNISH FINISH

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

SEC COMPACT FURNITURE SECTION A-A SCALE 1:10

15MM (W) X 50MM (L) X 15MM (DIA) CUSTOMIZED BIRCH VENEER PLYWOOD WOODEN HINGES W/ SELECTED WALNUT WOOD STAIN IN VARNISH FINISH C/W SELECTED STEEL BAR TO BE INSTALLED IN THE MIDDLE FOR TABLE TOP TO FLIP

DET COMPACT FURNITURE DETAIL "1" SCALE 1:3 "1" DRAWN BY: HEANNA YAP SHI SHI ID NO: 0335522 CHECKED BY: ST/NN

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: COMPACT FURNITURE SECTION AND DETAIL

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

NOTE:

15MM (W) X 50MM (L) X 15MM (THK) CUSTOMIZED BIRCH VENEER PLYWOOD WOODEN HINGES W/ SELECTED WALNUT WOOD STAIN IN VARNISH FINISH C/W SELECTED STEEL BAR TO BE INSTALLED FOR COMPACT FURNITURE TO ROTATE

SCALE: AS SHOWN DATE: 15

JULY 2020

DWG NO: DWG_HY_CF_2

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

500MM (W) X 700MM (H) X 15MM (THK) CUSTOMIZED BIRCH VENEER PLYWOOD W/ SELECTED WALNUT WOOD STAIN IN VARNISH FINISH

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

6000

105 105

2000 480

2850 2400

105

105

2100

930

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

B

DRAWN BY: HEANNA YAP SHI SHI ID NO: 0335522 CHECKED BY: ST/NN

FRONT ELEVATION SCALE 1:20

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: FEATURE DETAIL PLAN AND ELEVATION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

NOTE:

EL F

SCALE: AS SHOWN DATE: 15

JULY 2020

DWG NO: DWG_HY_FD_1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

B

FLP FLOOR LAYOUT PLAN SCALE 1:20 1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

105MM (THK) CORNER FITTING COVE CEILING

"1"

25MM (THK) HEAT INSULATION TO BE INSTALLED 25MM (THK) ACOUSTIC FOAM WALL COVERING TO BE INSTALLED 50MM (THK) GYPSUM BOARD TO BE INSTALLED

CUSTOMIZED PLYWOOD COMPACT FURNITURE 100MM (H) SUSPENDED FLOOR

15 MM (THK) GAP TO ALLOW RETRACTABLE BED TO SLIDE

DET WALL DETAIL "1" "1" SCALE 1:5

"3"

SEC SECTION B-B SCALE 1:20 DRAWN BY: HEANNA YAP SHI SHI ID NO: 0335522 CHECKED BY: ST/NN

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: FEATURE DETAIL SECTION AND WALL DETAIL "1"

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

NOTE:

SCALE: AS SHOWN DATE: 15

JULY 2020

DWG NO: DWG_HY_FD_2

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

"2"

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

15MM (THK) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST 70MM (H) AIR-VENTILATED SPACE SELECTED WIRE HANGER TO BE INSTALLED

15MM (THK) GYPSUM BOARD IN WHITE PAINT FINISH TO BE INSTALLED 20MM (THK) HORZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST

15 MM (THK) VERTICAL PINE WOOD JOIST

50MM (THK) VERTICAL PINE WOOD JOIST

15 MM (THK) GYPSUM BOARD IN WHITE PAINT FINISH TO BE INSTALLED

DET WALL AND CEILING DETAIL "2" "2" SCALE 1:5

DRAWN BY: HEANNA YAP SHI SHI ID NO: 0335522 CHECKED BY: ST/NN

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: FEATURE DETAIL WALL AND CEILING DETAIL "2" WALL AND FLOOR DETAIL "3"

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

NOTE:

DET WALL AND FLOOR DETAIL "3" "3" SCALE 1:5

SCALE: AS SHOWN DATE: 15

JULY 2020

DWG NO: DWG_HY_FD_3

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

15MM (W) X 25 MM (L) HORIZONTAL PINE WOOD JOIST

DESIGN SAMPLE BOARD COMPACT FURNITURE 1 BIRCH PLYWOOD VENEER WALNUT WOOD STAIN VARNISH FINISH

FEATURED DETAIL FLOOR FTW MODERN CARPET DARK GREY

COMPACT FURNITURE 1 COMPACT FURNITURE 2 BIRCH PLYWOOD VENEER MAHOGANY WOOD STAIN VARNISH FINISH

EXTERIOR WALL TEXTURED SHIPPING CONTAINER RETRACTABLE BED BLACK FABRIC CUSHION UNDERLINING WHITE 54"

INTERIOR WALL ACOUSTIC FOAM WALL COVERING BLACK CEILING 15MM (THK) GYPSUM BOARD WHITE PAINT FINISH

RAILING 6MM (THK) CLEAR TEMPERED GLASS

COMPACT FURNITURE CUSTOMIZED WOODEN HINGE