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4.4 PROTOTYPE MATRICES
The following matrices were formed through random generation of pairing climate zone, residential typology, and applied biophilic design practices. Site conditions were applied in accordance with climate zone and based on the general site conditions of regions designated under the climate zone.
Matrix 1
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Climate Zone: Cold Dry (6B)
Site Conditions: 37°11’08” N, 107°03’14” W
Flat and open land with dry, grassy, ranch-like conditions in a rural environment
Mountain and wooded land proximity with high snow, low rain, and mostly clear and sunny conditions
Residential Typology: Tiny (Tiny Home)
Biophilic Design Practices:
● Plants (Direct) – Potted Plants
● Spaciousness (Space & Place) – Open Floor Plan
● Water (Direct) – Fishpond
● Inside-Outside Spaces (Space & Place) – Screened Porch
● Naturalistic Shapes & Forms (Indirect) – Spirals in Design
Potted Plants Plants retroactive landscape/interior benefits: increased feelings of comfort and minimized stress increased productivity and performance positively impacted health and mood reduced stress and increased pain tolerance
Fishpond Water
proactive/retroactive building design/landscape benefits: reduced stress, increased feelings of tranquility, lowered heart rate and blood pressure improved concentration and memory restoration enhanced perception and psychological responsiveness observed preferences and positive emotional responses
Open Floor Plan
Spaciousness proactive building design benefits: encouraged mobility and exploration enhanced imagination and feelings of comfort observed view preference evoked feelings of curiosity and a welcoming experience
Spirals in Design
Naturalistic Shapes & Forms proactive/retroactive building design/interior benefits: observed view preference reduced stress enhanced concentration and creativity positively impacted attitude
Screened Porch
Inside-Outside Space proactive/retroactive building design benefits: encouraged mobility positively impacted attitude and attention observed view preference enhanced feelings of comfort
Matrix 2
Climate Zone: Very Hot Humid (1A)
Site Conditions: 25°47’27” N, 80°11’08” W
Flat and densely populated area with little vegetation in an urban environment
Marina proximity in a downtown, high-rise setting with no snow, high rain, and sunny conditions
Residential Typology: Studio (Studio Apartment)
Biophilic Design Practices:
● Patterned Wholes (Space & Place) – Mosaic Tiling
● Natural Landscapes & Ecosystems (Direct) – Garden
● Complexity & Order (Space & Place) – Grid System
● Geomorphy (Indirect) – Varying Topography
● Auditory Stimuli (Direct) – Running Water
Mosaic Tiling Patterned Wholes
retroactive interior benefits: observed view preference and understanding of environment reduced blood pressure positively impacted mood and productivity improved overall health
Garden Natural Landscapes & Ecosystems proactive/retroactive building design/landscape benefits: enhanced positive health responses shifted perception of environment increased feelings of comfort and safety improved attention and productivity
Grid System
Complexity & Order proactive building design benefits: positively impacted perceptual and physiological stress responses observed view preference fostered a sense of control and comprehension evoked feelings of calmness and awe
Running Water
Auditory Stimuli
proactive/retroactive building design/interior benefits: reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and stress hormones positively impacted cognitive performance and increased short-term memory accelerated physiological and psychological restoration reduced cognitive fatigue and improved motivation
Varying Topography
Geomorphy proactive building design benefits: observed view preference reduced stress enhanced concentration positively impacted attitude
Matrix 3
Climate Zone: Hot Dry (2B)
Site Conditions: 33°53’49” N, 114°24’35” W
Hilly and open land with desert-like conditions in a rural environment
Proximity to rock formations with no snow, low rain, and sunny conditions
Residential Typology: Single (One-Bedroom Home)
Biophilic Design Practices:
● Haptic Stimuli (Direct) – Textured Materials
● Animal & Vertebrae Motifs (Indirect) – Animal Forms
● Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli (Direct) – Natural Ventilation
● Natural Geometries (Indirect) – Golden Ratio Proportions
● Greening (Direct) – Living Wall
Living Wall Greening proactive building design benefits: increased feelings of comfort and minimized stress increased productivity and performance positively impacted health and mood provoked interest and satisfaction
Animal Forms
Animal & Vertebrae Motifs retroactive interior benefits: provoked satisfaction, pleasure, imagination, and creativity increased stimulation and emotional interest reduced stress observed view preference
Natural Ventilation
Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli proactive building design benefits: positively impacted heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and sympathetic nervous system activity observed and quantified behavioral measures of attention and exploration positively impacted mood and productivity
Textured Materials
Haptic Stimuli retroactive interior benefits: increased feelings of calmness and improved mental health and tranquility reduced fatigue and perception of pain positively impacted cognitive performance reduced systolic blood pressure and stress hormones
Golden Ratio Proportions
Natural Geometries proactive building design benefits: observed view preference reduced stress enhanced concentration positively impacted attitude
Matrix 4
Climate Zone: Mixed Humid (4A)
Site Conditions: 39°13’50” N, 84°32’57” W
Flat and populated area with deciduous vegetation in a suburban environment
Mid-rise apartment setting with low snow, average rain, and partly cloudy conditions
Residential Typology: Couple (One-Bedroom Apartment)
Biophilic Design Practices:
● Sensory Variability (Indirect) – Garden
● Geographic Connection to Place (Space & Place) – View of Surroundings
● Information Richness (Indirect) – Varying Colors and Patterns
● Mobility & Wayfinding (Space & Place) – Clear Pathways
● Geology (Direct) – Stone Finishes
Stone Finishes Geology
retroactive interior benefits: decreased diastolic blood pressure improved creative performance and imagination improved feelings of comfort increased feelings of safety and relaxation
Views to Surrounding Areas
Geographic Connection to Place proactive building design benefits: fostered feelings of familiarity and predictability generated a sense of place and supports self-identity enhanced feelings or relaxation, comfort, and security fostered a sense of stewardship and responsibility for nature
Clear Pathways
Mobility & Wayfinding proactive building design benefits: reduced feelings of sadness, anger, and stress positively impacted attitude and attention observed view preference decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Varying Colors & Patterns
Information Richness retroactive interior benefits: reduced blood pressure positively impacted mood and productivity improved overall health observed view preference
Garden Sensory Variability proactive/retroactive building design/landscape benefits: positively impacted satisfaction and well-being reduced systolic blood pressure and stress hormones positively impacted cognitive performance perceived improvements in mental health and tranquility
Matrix 5
Climate Zone: Very Cold (7)
Site Conditions: 47°11’54” N, 91°22’29” W
Flat and wooded land with grass and dirt conditions in a rural environment
Lake and rocky cliff and outcropping proximity with high snow, average rain, and partly cloudy conditions
Residential Typology: Family 1 (Two-Bedroom Home)
Biophilic Design Practices:
● Linked Series & Chains (Space & Place) – Connecting Rooms
● Views & Vistas (Direct) – Framed Landscape Views
● Affection & Attachment (Space & Place) – Local Stone Detailing
● Reflected Light (Indirect) – Light Colored Materials
● Natural Light (Direct) – Windows and Openings
Connecting Rooms
Linked Series & Chains proactive building design benefits: evoked senses of mystery, stimulation, and enticement encouraged mobility facilitated meaning and understanding of a space
Light Colored Materials
Reflected Light retroactive interior benefits: positively impacted circadian system functioning increased visual comfort and performance improved overall psychological and physical health
Framed Landscape Views
Views & Vistas proactive/retroactive building design/interior benefits: helped lower blood pressure and heart rate improved mental engagement and attentiveness positively impacted attitude and overall happiness reduced stress and positively affected emotional functioning
Windows & Openings
Natural Light proactive building design benefits: positively impacted circadian system functioning increased visual comfort and performance increased mental function and memory recall reduced headache symptoms
Local Stone Detailing
retroactive interior benefits: encouraged feelings of bonding, caring and emotionally connecting with others fostered a sense of stewardship and responsibility for nature enhanced feelings of relaxation, comfort, and security
Matrix 6
Climate Zone: Warm Marine (3C)
Site Conditions: 37°56’34” N, 122°31’19” W
Hilly and densely populated area with ample vegetation in an urban environment
Proximity to a sandy coast with no snow, average rain, and sunny conditions
Residential Typology: Family 2 (Four-Bedroom Home)
Biophilic Design Practices:
● Reverence & Spirituality (Space & Place) – Meditation Garden
● Natural Materials (Indirect) – Wood Finishes
● Gustatory Stimuli (Direct) – Fruiting Plants
● Simulating Natural Light & Air (Indirect) – Artificial Lighting
● Thermal Variability (Direct) – HVAC Control
HVAC Control Thermal Variability
proactive/retroactive building design benefits: positively impacted comfort, well-being, and productivity positively impacted concentration improved perception of temporal and spatial pleasure
Artificial Lighting
Simulating Natural Light & Air retroactive interior benefits: positively impacted cognitive performance and productivity enhanced feelings of comfort improved overall psychological and physical health
Wood Finishes
Natural Materials retroactive interior benefits: decreased diastolic blood pressure improved creative and cognitive performance positively impacted attitude and mood improved comfort and view preference
Fruiting Plants
Gustatory Stimuli retroactive landscape/interior benefits: reduced systolic blood pressure and stress hormones positively impacted cognitive performance perceived improvements in mental health and tranquility
Meditation Garden
Reverence & Spirituality proactive/retroactive building design/interior benefits: provoked feelings of transcendence, connection, meaning, and purposeful existence decreased feelings of isolation enhanced self-confidence and ability to bond with others
Matrix 7
Climate Zone: Cool Marine (5C)
Site Conditions: 47°55’10” N, 122°33’51” W
Sloped and sparsely populated land with greenery in a suburban environment
Proximity to rocky coast and pine forest with low snow, average rain, and partly cloudy conditions
Residential Typology: Shared (Four-Bedroom Duplex)
Biophilic Design Practices:
● Weather (Direct) – Covered Porch
● Images of Nature (Indirect) – Photos of Plants
● Curiosity & Enticement (Space & Place) – Concealed Spaces
● Evoking Nature (Indirect) – Natural Color Schemes
● Prospect & Refuge (Space & Place) – Views from Alcove Spaces
Photos of Plants
Images of Nature
retroactive interior benefits: reduced stress, anxiety, and fear increased pleasure response positively impacted attitude, concentration and stress recovery observed view preference
Natural Color Scheme
Evoking Nature retroactive interior benefits: observed view preference reduced stress enhanced concentration positively impacted attitude
Covered Porch
Weather proactive building design benefits: enhanced positive health responses shifted perception of environment reduced stress improved feelings of comfort
Concealed Spaces
Curiosity & Enticement proactive building design benefits: observed view preference encouraged exploration and discovery engaged human intellect and imagination
Views from Alcove Spaces
Prospect & Refuge proactive building design benefits: reduced stress and lowered heart rate reduced boredom, irritation, fatigue improved concentration and attention increased comfort and perceived safety
