This gender, conflict and power analysis describes the backdrop against which this work operates and seeks to identify opportunities and challenges for engagement. On a country-by-country basis, it seeks to identify key conflict dynamics and women’s concerns and priorities. It describes structures currently in place for conflict resolution and ensuring women’s participation to assess the extent to which these may be utilized in future action. The analysis is based on a thorough literature review and qualitative key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders in the targeted countries: Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.