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2007
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2007
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Notes If the rvhole work is performed it's preferable to perform it the order however single movements might be performed in free adiustnrent.
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Play iregular and chaotic rhythmic divisions
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A. Corelli: Concerb grosso No, 2 in S Major, Op. 6 (l fiS3- 1713) .1. Wvace
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<<Lnp-1pnrplr-tup [notation] .ib.Lt' pn31 [nr- rnurS lptulgbt hpurdt.nnrpbrutu r[ulurlrg[r[nr-pfftp: tlfunp fuu1urr',ul1L b 1b1"p-glrbL drurlurLrru\p, uu1-fufufu &ut$urfurul1p: br,r bpurdtnnrpfr-Lp hr ubLe F".tFt' '[t'-t, bpudtlnurl|]utu 4,fufirr-trp l1p 1''bpl1url[r[ngfubpnrl, lruSLblrg rnbunryu[urL [unpl,prpulrlulrlrhpnr lrutnpryu\rufunrpbrul rlp 6: tn F u lltprlpnfu bLg dru ri rulr ru {ru rn p 1,.t,, urlrp bfu -1, 11- [u F-3g, .[bnl-qb'r, .,["]t dbh bf ud*nru[urt rl*'r["3p, n1Ln3t!u[ btgnulur[urL ryuuru\ufu bpurdpnnr-p[rr-Lp, l1u[ubru1 | unul1 funprulpnrpbrufu r[n-1. t' .l_brt"l, bprud[r1mLbf'U hE unf {h! fu-t" br- u.rnru! nr-ful1fur1pb1nr[ br [rurnurpbltt.[>>?: \uop, rupbr-rirnburL <<rluuru[uL>> bpudlnnt-pb"rlr8 rylnrp[rr-fup ruL\urpbft b urnrulrg (urbunlu.rh-fur, 4,ru1rlurrirulr4[rL: tlpbtrlrnbrulr <<bprudl.nru4rufu>> bt <<umbl8ru>>
br- [rfupfunr-pn11np6nr-ptr.fuo 4ruutlurgnrp[rrtrfubpnilr 4urrlbrlurrnru[puL bLp]uhur3rugnul[rfu
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Lrurfuup rpupAr.urlrulrAfunr-ruf funprulpnr-p[rr-fup' rnhunrpu[ulnr-p[rdrp, bp.udpnru4rufu[rfu
br rnrupur&nr-b1nr- ,lbl"g, bp bfupu[ru3nrp[rrfup nrdblur5l-rb1nr ryp6[rg: U[,ru l1nrylfll, rufuunr[np lbtr lrbpprurf'urlgnr-rlllbpp Lnprulpnr-pbu! br prufurur-np[rfu rl[r[hr: llu,rlr-rnp-,r1bt Qnlglnp! nr- b[b1bgu[.utl prulurr-np bprudlnnr-pfr-Lp lrnpruLnlpnrpbrulr r[bpru&b1nr- r{rnpAbf,U plrrlnrLrnr-ru6 bpbr-nlplbft bL: F.ulg fuurbr- bppbrlfu, prulpnrur8 urnbl8rulnp&nrptt.L rlp, [rurl rurbftt 6ttft' rulnp rlblb{rfu, [tnr-fubLrut lu!fuprufu pufr rnurpru8nr-rl, np dnlnr[nrpru e!-hrufu u1u4-fu1 hf q$ut q--J! urfullr14rurn bp1b1 nr \rurnrupbl' rlurnlbfr urriblrurn-fFbf \rurnrupnlur[ruL llurylbpnr[, -3uqb, funpur1pntru8p ruLggfub1n{ purlrul"[t tutpel: cl.urpnrfup tF.urnf nrpbrul, &funrl,r1fu b: ttl, 1nr-urn{ lltuLgL[r prufuurr-npnrpbul {,nrilrru1nr_
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27
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<<9nr-4rudhru!lr nurppbprutl>> ):
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28
2007
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29
2007
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3nl-Lhu<nqsbllFbrr
2007
68
Qfryuqburl rlbLbpry hU "h"h 1pbpb tfnhhl urLlurrl
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69
6'hb"btt'buq
snFlhu<nqsbuPbF
2007
urqanr-p[rilrllbpnr riuru[rL: 0p[rfuruI dull b urr]uF dnlnrfnr-ptE, nF lrhp[u5 [rpur[rufuntrlT pnggt', b.Pb.,,fu fb! uL 1n;nrp[,r-L nr-L[r [rppbr- b1[ru1n-gh, Lhqt'-gh, "t pb 4urlbpnt urlrnrrufunr-rifubpntfu l,brnbr-b1nr{' tteftb. b1[ru1nu-rupurpr furpngru-ufuP: lur3ntp[rrfup rnrullurr$r ,Ibk -q_t b, p-55 rutt rip' npnfr dblb'- bTuE rnurppbpnr,plrr-1rfubp[r [uur urruprufru[url ulurSrlru!fu bpnrfu, bppbrll 4ruuurE bfu ufuprulAurfr 4bnrurnpnr-pbuL, gL r14n r-u1
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3nI.LhU<nI{SbUpbn
2007
70
UbObft\rUr{
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2007
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phtfu dE ['rrnu.rpnlur{urL rypfurlpnrplirufu rl,'u[rL], Oxford University Press, 239:
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80.-[tu,p
81.-0Ll{, tu1. ur1[u.p, b[ 134: 82.-Columbia 82296, matrix: 398122
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85.-Columbia, E5 l9l, l9l7 86.-Columbia, E7 043, l92l 8?.-Edison, 82203, l92lz 88.-Edison,82210: 89.-Edison,82214 90.-Columbia,E2297t 91.-Columbia, 83458: 92.-Columbia,E2783t
: z
93.-U"[.,-\, 13A-B: 94.-U"[".u11, 14A-B: 95.-Columbia,82690 ( 1916 ): 96.-Columbia, E27 4l ( 19 16 ): 97.-Columbia,E32l I ( 191?): 98.-Columbia, E2322 ( 19 16 ): 99.-Columbia, E2452 ( 19 lb ): 100.-RCA Victor, 67537 ( 1918): 101.-1,r[r[n1nu f]u1,,1['1burfu, Str1p-tr 9nluu6bufu. 'L p u 1u p [ {p - - - p - 111n r-p[r r-fu , O.u u u.r rn ['fu ru, 1 I 9 9:
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102:
100, 102:
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2007
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(U0q$u)
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lUulrurnpbulr [rp r{rujlnr-fu rno db6ruprrp UnlrurPtrt U ;op[rLruE b 1959-b! br- Aofuru8 Opnpn{r[rbr-ug[r l,tru[urullppu[rufu bprrdl-ur[rufu ']qfr"gtr urlur[bprnfubpnr-!: tlfu"p 4rurlburn [runnrgnr-ur&gfubpp br- Agnnrrllrbpp qb.-e tb go1-p[bfu ru;fu ]rpnlnr-plt.lrp' pb rufu urprnur[ruplopbl -q-nbgtth b [tppb. Lnrurlu4ruLrlfuruj[rL gnrgrurlpru[ufu 1np6, np hf e".l--turyr[b !u.rbr- bp{rfrutuC b. gfuupru[rutunr-p[rtL: tlnrutfufu lupdntrlg L-t" hn 1,-[.u.1pb bp[nr tr[rr-phpnr [unr-fphp, ruutru kn r[bpur;ur;rnurprupb lrpurguLtt.fn br1urfunfug l1p pnlnr- u51 r[[rdru\[rtr rtf[: $.ufu1-t1 lupdnr-rlp .n[unr-p 4nr{nr-bp1ru\urfu ofopngur5lrl ,lp!r b, nf [lnnrpurulbu e!€"!t b br r1u1fu.u[nr-rlur5[rL unnr-,lnrf uturp{! {bpflurrftuup [finale] urt urr-bpuulfu gfurplpA.ull b, runrrlr-bpuulbu .l-hf,Ft,."q_ur\urfu br[unpruulbu Snrq['1: 0r1r[r r[bpflrupul rlp [coda]' nr-f hn rynlrnr[r unut[rfu luJrdnrrl! rluru$r r[bpgnru& purlnrur8e ,l[, br rur-urprnrullulr uludnr-durfu.p ,l[' nF pultur"ht,q-ft l1ufu rlorn I OnrlbfuCttfu: llbh [uougnr[, Unlurp[rfu[ +n[& fEfu b' 1np u1b,ng tb Abtpb {rur[ugtub1:
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94
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