Lighting & Energy Performance Study – Sugar Hill Library

Lighting Design

Environmental Tech II Habiba Elnagdy

Part 1: Basis Of Design

The library is located in the Sugar Hill Luminaries Lawn in Harlem. It consists of three pavilions that are connected to each other, along with a central atrium. The design of the library focuses on promoting cultural enrichment and sustainability. At twilight, the West Pavilion, which has a Photovoltaic roof, emits gentle light in the community areas, while the atrium's metal mesh ceiling adds to a functional and welcoming ambiance. The Southeast Pavilion, situated in the eastern direction, is illuminated in a strategic manner to cater to children's areas and collaborative meetings. On the other hand, the Northeast Pavilion provides a more muted lighting atmosphere, specifically designed for calm reading spaces. Both pavilions are enhanced by the presence of green roofs.

The curtain walls of the East Pavilions adhere to the principles of Low-E coated glass, creating a practical interaction between the city lights and the interior. This design highlights a smooth integration of technology and natural components. The illuminated walkways on the green roofs inspire visitors to explore and interact with the natural elements while also serving as a means for rainwater drainage. This library is situated against the night sky of Harlem and has been constructed responsibly. The lighting in the library serves practical purposes by directing guests and creating a sense of community.

Part 1: Initial Design

sDA

ASE

AVG.SCORE: 99.2% DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

AVG.SCORE: 79.26% OVER-EXPOSURE

The daylight autonomy score is calculated for an occupancy from 9.00AM to 18.00PM, which is equivalent to 9H per day. In accordance to the program, the reference has been set as New-York libraries to be open on average 45H per week. The target illumination is 300lux. The initial design features large glazed facades which provide high direct & inirect illumination levels. As a result, the daylight autonomy is superior to 99%.

The term «Annual Sunlight Exposure» (ASE) denotes the proportion of an area that is exposed to excessive direct sunlight, defined as an illumination of >1000 Lux for minimum of 250 occupied hours per year, at work plane height.

This exposure has the potential to induce glare, discomforting to users.

The initial design features large glazed facades providing high direct illumination levels, which can lead to mportant glare issues. As a result, the average ASE score is superior to 79%, with a majority of the servant spaces being concerned by this issue.

Part 2: Design iteration 1

CLADDING

sDA

ASE

AVG.SCORE: 26.0% DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

AVG.SCORE: 0% OVER-EXPOSURE

By applying a cladding to the the entirety of the facade, the daylight autononmy has dropped to a very low 26%.

Further iterations could be beneficial to find a more refined solution which preserve the initial illumination qualities of the design, resulting in higher daylight autonomy levels. These interations could imply playing with the following parameters : + Enlargaing the opening dimension of the repeated module + Reducing the thickness of the double skin

By applying a dense cladding to the entirety of the facade, all of the over-exposure situations have been eliminated.

Further iterations could be beneficial to find a more refined solution which preserve the initial intention of connection to the outside and unobstructed views. These interations could imply playing with the following parameters : + Opening dimensions of the repeated module + Thickness of the double skin +Parametric approach to create bespoke variations to the skin according to the orientations and surronding masses.

Part 2: Design iteration 2

LOUVERS

RIBBON WINDOW

BLIND WALL

sDA

ASE

AVG.SCORE: 99.0% DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

AVG.SCORE: 46.1% OVER-EXPOSURE

This iteration proposes the implementation of 3 different strategies to evaluate their efficiency in limiting glare while conserving the high daylight autonomy. The first strategy used is a series of louvers (4” x 10” x 16’) rotated by 20° from the facade to limit direct illumination. The second strategy are horizontal shades at the top & bottom of the glazed wall to limit higher sun angles light rays. The third strategy introduces a blind concrete wall to limit glazed surfaces and reduce the illumination. All strategies do not affect the daylight autonomy which remain above 99%.

This iteration proposes the implementation of 3 different strategies to evaluate their potential efficiency to limit glare.

All three strategies have an impact in reducing over-exposure situations, with an average over-exposure reduced to 46% The louvers are efficient in reducing glare on west-oriented surfaces, by preventing lower sun angles penetration in the afternoon. The horizontal shades limit the penetration of direct sunlight at the centre of the space, but have little effect on the spaces close to the glazed walls. Finally, the blind wall has a drastically reduces the over-exposure on a large portion of the adjoining space.

RECESSED DOWNLIGHT

OPERABLE BLINDS T.VIS (7.2%)

Part 2: Design iteration 3

sDA

ASE

AVG.SCORE: 50.0% DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

AVG.SCORE: 0.6% OVER-EXPOSURE

This iteration proposes to add to the previous iterations by introducing operable blinds with a transmission of 7.2%.

The blinds are applied to all the glazed walls. As the blinds are operable, they preserve a maximum of the daylight autonomy but still drastically affect the daylight autonomy levels with an average score halved at 50%

This iteration proposes to add to the previous iterations by introducing operable blinds with a transmission of 7.2%.

The blinds are applied to all the glazed walls. As the blinds are operable, they completely eliminated the overexposed situations. This results in a ASE score of 0.6%.

Part 2: Design iteration 4

TRIPLE GLAZING, LOW T.VIS (29%)

LOW ALBEDO SURFACE | DARK TEINTED CONCRETE

sDA

ASE

AVG.SCORE: 71.7% DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

AVG.SCORE: 32.6% OVER-EXPOSURE

This last iteration introduces low transmission triple glazing (29%) which reduces the amount of light penetrating into the spaces. A second addition is the colouring of the concrete wall in a low-albedo colour (black coloured concrete) to eliminate diffuse light reflection in the space.

This last iteration introduces low transmission triple glazing (29%) which reduces the amount of light penetrating into the spaces. A second addition is the colouring of the concrete wall in a low-albedo colour (black coloured concrete) to eliminate diffuse light reflection in the space. The over-exposure score drops of 8% to 32.6%, which represent a significant improvement from the previous iteration. The changes do not affect the homogeneity of the result

Part 3: Electrical Lighting Schudele PRODUCT SPEC. SHEET RECESSED DOWNLIGHT

IES (LIGHT DISPERSION)

Efficient, pleasant light.

Efficient, pleasant light.

Echo 137 It is a well-known fact that all good things come from above. free. The luminance of Echo is positively influenced by both mix This is particularly true for Echo. Regent’s new downlight is a ing chamber and diffusion disc. The result: a pleasantly soft delight even before being switched on. The installation of the lighting experience which even sensitive eyes will find enjoyable, lightweight is a matter of seconds and feasible completely tool- yet without compromising efficiency.

It is a well-known fact that all good things come from above. free. The luminance of Echo is positively influenced by both mix This is particularly true for Echo. Regent’s new downlight is a ing chamber and diffusion disc. The result: a pleasantly soft delight even before being switched on. The installation of the lighting experience which even sensitive eyes will find enjoyable, lightweight is a matter of seconds and feasible completely tool- yet without compromising efficiency.

Echo 137

FEATURES Glare-free light thanks to highly precise light conduction High luminous efficiency Passive cooling Quick and tool-free mounting FEATURES Lightweight system suitable for all ceiling types Glare-free light thanks to highly precise light conduction Streamlined design makes for perfect integration into ceiling architecture High luminous efficiency

SPECIFICATIONS Downlight with pleasantly homogeneous luminance levels Efficient, Ceiling cut out 137 mm pleasant light.

Aluminium-coated or white reflector Tool-free assembly of accessories SPECIFICATIONS DALI Downlight with pleasantly homogeneous luminance levels Operating included Ceiling cutunit out 137 mm in delivery

Passive cooling Aluminium-coated or white reflector Quick and tool-free mounting Tool-free assembly of accessories APPLICATION AREAS TECHNICAL LightweightDATA system suitable for all ceiling types DALI Retail & Hospitality: retailinspaces, System power 14 W Streamlined design makes for perfect integration into ceiling architecture Operating unit included deliverypresentation of merchandise/key loca tions, restaurants, hotels, art & culture establishments Luminous flux of luminaire 1150 lm, 1400 lm, 1450 lm ItColour is a well-known come from above. free. The luminance of Echo is positively influenced by both mix temperature fact that all good 3000things K, 4000 K This is particularly true for Echo.

Regent’s new downlight is a ing chamber and diffusion disc.

The result: a pleasantly soft ≥ 90 Colour Rendering Index (CRI) R TECHNICAL DATA APPLICATION AREAS delight even beforeflux being switched on. The installation of the lighting experience which even sensitive eyes will find loca enjoyable, Maintained luminous L80 50'000 h System power 14 W(B50) Retail & Hospitality: retail spaces, presentation of merchandise/key tions, restaurants, hotels, art & culture establishments Protection class I1150and lightweight a matter of seconds feasible completely tool- yet without compromising efficiency.

Luminous flux ofisluminaire lm, 1400 lm, 1450 lm Ingress Protection IP20 Colour temperature 3000/K,IP44 4000from K below when mounted in closed ceilings Colour Rendering Index (CRI) R ≥ 90 Maintained luminous flux L80 (B50) 50'000 h Protection class I Ingress Protection IP20 / IP44 from below when FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS mounted in closed ceilings 1 A B C Glare-free light thanks to highly precise light conduction Downlight with pleasantly homogeneous luminance levels ECHO 137 LED High luminous efficiency Ceiling cut out 137 mm System Luminous flux Colour Notes Unified Glare Rating Emergency unit Ref. n° Passive cooling Aluminium-coated or white reflector power of luminaire temperature Quick and tool-free mounting Tool-free assembly of accessories 1 14 W A B C 1450 lm 4000 K reflector silver 1 A 1001.1900 Lightweight system suitable for all ceiling types DALI reflector silver 14 W 1400 lm 3000 K 1 A 1001.1892 ECHO 137 LED Streamlined design makes for perfect integration ceiling Operating unit included in delivery Product information 08.11.2017 © Regent Beleuchtungskörper Technical specifications be changed without previous notification. www.regent.ch 14 W into AG 1150 lmarchitecture 4000 K can reflector white 1 1/3 B 1001.2475

Echo 137

14 W Notes 1150 lm 3000 K Glare Rating reflector white Emergency unit 1 B System Luminous flux Colour Unified Ref. n° 1450 lm 4000 K reflector silver with emergency unit 1 A power of luminaire temperature14 W 14 W reflector 1400 lm 3000 K reflector silver unit 1 A 14 WTECHNICAL 1450 4000 K silver 1 with emergency A 1001.1900 APPLICATION AREAS DATAlm 14 W 1150 lm 4000 K reflector white with emergency unit 1 B 14 WSystem power 1400 lm 3000 K 14 W reflector silver 1 of merchandise/key A 1001.1892 Retail & Hospitality: presentation -1/3 Product information 08.11.2017 © Regent Beleuchtungskörper AG Technical specifications be changed withoutretail previous notification. www.regent.ch 14 W 1450 lm 4000 K can reflector silver UGRspaces, ≤ 19 1 loca C tions, reflector restaurants, hotels, art & culture establishments 14 W 1150oflm 4000 K 115014lm, reflector white 1 B 1001.2475 1 C Luminous flux luminaire lm, 1450 W 1400 1400 lm lm 3000 K silver UGR ≤ 19 lm 4000 K reflector silver UGR ≤ 19 unit 1 C 14 WColour temperature 1150 lm 3000 K 300014K,W4000 reflector 1 with Bemergency 1001.2467 K 1450white 1400 lm 3000 K reflector silver with UGR ≤ 19 unit 1 C 14 WColour Rendering 1450 lmIndex (CRI) 4000 K R ≥ 14 silver emergency unit 1 with Aemergency 1008.8748 90W reflector 14 WMaintained 1400 lm flux 3000 K L80 (B50) 50'000 reflector with emergency unit 1 A 1008.8742 luminous h silver 14 WProtection class 1150 lm 4000 K I reflector white with emergency unit 1 B 1008.8936 below when 14 WIngress Protection 1450 lm 4000 K IP20 / IP44 from reflector silver UGR ≤ 19 1 C 1001.1916 closed ceilings 14 W 1400 lm 3000 K mounted inreflector silver UGR ≤ 19 1 C 1001.1908 14 W 1450 lm 4000 K reflector silver UGR ≤ 19 with emergency unit 1 C 1008.8772 14 W 1400 lm 3000 K reflector silver UGR ≤ 19 with emergency unit 1 C 1008.8758

1001.2467 1008.8748 1008.8742 1008.8936 1001.1916 1001.1908 1008.8772 1008.8758

Part 4: electrical lighting design 85W FIXTURES

INITIAL ANALYSIS

AVG.SCORE: 72 MEAN LUX | 13 MEDIAN LUX The point-in-time luminance analysis targets the efficiency of artificial lightning to meet the luminance requirements of the space according to its program. A library requires an average of 300lux, with additional surface lighting requirements of 1000lux. Using the IES files provided by the manufacturer, and by matching the lumen output of each fixture, we obtain the following results. The mean luminance is 72lux, and the median lux level is 13lux which is very low compared to the targets. The lumen output of the fixtures are not providing enough light to illuminate vast open spaces.

POINT IN TIME ILLUMINANCE

AVG.SCORE: 164 MEAN LUX | 83 MEDIAN LUX By using a different type of fixture designed for larger open spaces, with a power imput of 85W, we obtain the ollowing results. The mean luminance is now 164lux, and the median lux level is 83lux which remains well below our targets. The lumen output of the fixtures are not providing enough light to lluminate the spaces. We notice differences in results depending on the ceiling height of each spaces which vary through the building.

Part 4: electrical lighting design 110W FIXTURES

REFLECTIVE CEILING - INDIRECT

AVG.SCORE: 282 MEAN LUX | 267 MEDIAN LUX For this iteration, the fixtures have been oriented toward the ceiling as pendant luminaires, and feature a power input of 110W. A reflective ceiling surface has been added, with a reflective index of 74%. The mean luminance is now 282lux, and the median lux level is 267lux which remains slightly below our targets despite a 37% increase. It seems like the fixtures are powerful enough to illuminate the spaces, but are quite energy-consuming. We notice a uniformity of the results through the use of indirect lightning, which can provide comfort for readers compared to bright point lights.

REFLECTIVE CEILING (74% REFLECTANCE)

69W UP + DOWNLIGHT FIXTURE (SEE NEXT PAGE)

DIRECT + INDIRECT LIGHTS

AVG.SCORE: 380 MEAN LUX | 328 MEDIAN LUX For this iteration, a new type of fixture including both downlight & uplight, have been implemented as pendant lum naires, and feature a power input of 69W. The combination of indirect and direct lightning should create a uniform lightning while providing high luminance through the downlights features. The mean luminance is now 380lux, and the median lux level is 328lux which is slightly above the requirements for the program. A remaining heterogeneity of light conditions persist due to the differences in ceiling heights.

Part 4: electrical lighting design 9W ACCENT/READING LIGHTS

PRODUCT SPEC. SHEET E

ACCENT LIGHTNING

Compar Pendant downlight 72

3000

direct/indirect distribution with silver louvre

38

LED

1200

LED

LED

C p 5

Technical data 32534.000 White (RAL9002) LED module: 12.1W 1438lm 4000K neutral white LED module: 12.1W 1438lm 4000K neutral white LED module: 40W 4150lm 3000 6000K Tunable white DALI Version 2

Light emission above: LED module:

Product description

plastic.

Deviating from the technical data

powder-coated.

2 suspensions: wire suspension with connector for height compensation.

Wire and connection cable, L 3m. Strain relief. metal/polymer, white.

5-pole terminal block. Through-wiring possible.

DALI control gear.

DALI control gear for ERCO tunable white colour mixing. Colour compensation for precise light colour.

Controllable via DALI Colour Control Device Type 8 (TC).

2 light emissions below: LED module: high-power LEDs. Lens system made of optical polymer.

Avbländningsraster: plast, aluminiumbelagd, silver högblank.

CRI 80. L80/B10<=50000h. Dimming range 10%-100%. Dimming method PWM. Standby power 0,30W. Weight 4.03kg

Connected load Colour deviation Colour rendition index Lumen maintenance (LED manufacturer LED failure rate Dimming range Dimming method LMF Standby power per control gear Luminaires per circuit breaker B16

W?

4371lm 69.0W 63lm/W 1.5 SDCM CRI 92 L90/B10 ≤50000h L90 ≤100000h 0.1% ≤50000h 10%-100% CCR_PWM E 0.5W 8

69

OCCUPANCY W

Per light fixture

MAIN LIGHTNING

+

9 3.63

9

x

kW

All lightning AVG.SCORE: 1000 MEAN LUX | 956fixtures MEDIAN LUX (83)

9

2

hours per day

AM

6

ho pe

3

PM All l For thisWlast iteration, we will focus on the work surfaces. A new type of appoint fixtures of indirect light have been Per light fixture implemented, and feature a power input of 9W. The combination of indirect and direct lightning should create a uniform lightning while providing high luminance through the downlights features. The mean luminance on the reading READING LIGHTS tables is 1000lux, and the median lux level is 956lux which in line with the targets set.

8,

Product information 08.11.2017 © Regent Beleuchtungskörper AG Technical specifications can be changed without previous notification. www.regent.ch

Part 5: energy calculation Product information 08.11.2017 © Regent Beleuchtungskörper AG Technical specifications can be changed without previous notification. www.regent.ch

69

69

W

+ 3.63

Product information 08.11.2017 © Regent Beleuchtungskörper AG Technical specifications can be changed without previous notification. www.regent.ch

W

9 3.63

2/3

kW

9

hours per day

AM

6

W

AM

x

All lightning fixtures (83)

9

W

9

kW

All lightning fixtures (83)

9

OCCUPANCY

OCCUPANCY

MAIN LIGHTNING

MAIN LIGHTNING

+

2/3

Per light fixture

Per light fixture

PM

hours per year

3.636

Daylight autonomy

76%

2340

hours per day

x kW PM

8,494

READING LIGHTS

READING LIGHTS

23409

hours per year

3.63

2.26

lbs per kWH

kW

All lightning fixtures (83)

All lightning fixtures (83)

Per light fixture

Per light fixture

kWH / Year

8,494

kWH / Year

N N

SUMMER SOLSTICE: 73.5°

AVERAGE SOLAR TILT: 50.0°

WINTER SOLSTICE: 26.5°

50.

N

0°

00°

kWH / Year

0 50.

°

° 26.50

.50

73

°

26.50

00° 50.

lbs per kWH

00°

50.

°

.50

94

73

kW

g fixtures (83)

t

0°

2.26

2.3

WINTER SOLSTICE: 26.5° of CO2 per year

40.0

r

ID O EA 40 RIEN L PA ° T TA N ILT T EL IO N

ID O EA 40 RIEN L PA ° T TA N ILT T EL IO N

0°

AVERAGE SOLAR TILT: 50.0° Daylight autonomy

76%

To calculate the C02 emissions of my lightning design, I proceed to the following : +Firstly, we calculate the total power output of the design. The main lightning accounts for 3312W with 48 light fixtures. The reading lights account for 315W with 35 fixtures. +Secondly, I multiply the power output by the annual occupancy hours ( 45H per week, 52 week/year) which gives us the consumption in kWH/Year : 8,494 40.0

SUMMER SOLSTICE: 73.5°

40

63

1/3

2

of