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Sunday November 6, 2016

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Times Feature

For pennies a day B

efore the introduction of paper money, coins were mainly used for financial transactions in Guyana – then known as the colony British Guiana. In today’s independent Guyana economy however, coins are rendered in what are now considered low values.

In May 2016, the Bank of Guyana announced the pending removal of the one dollar and five dollar coins from circulation. “[T]he one dollar coin of which obviously it has lived its life already...” according to the BOG governor during his announcement.

In that same announcement, commemorative souvenir Jubilee $5,000 and $2,000 coins were introduced.

Brief coin history in Guyana

According to “The Guyana Story - From Earliest Times to Independence” by Odeen Ishmael, before

the arrival of the Dutch in Guyana, the indigenous people survived on subsistence farming, hunting and fishing.

From time to time they used a barter system by which they exchanged goods with each other. For example, one person might give half a deer to his neighbour in exchange for a basket of sweet potatoes.

But actually, the indigenous people did not barter much among themselves since they farmed, hunted and fished in communal groups, and they shared the produce among themselves.

Later, the Dutch colonists and traders bartered European goods such as knives, cutlasses, and cloth for indigo and dyewoods which were collected

50 cents showing the Coat of Arms (reverse)

1955 five cents showing Queen Elizabeth II

by the Amerindians.

Money was introduced by the Dutch colonists, but there was never much in circulation. Actually, for large business transactions, they rarely used money. It was normal for them to write promissory notes which eventually would be redeemed from their agents in Amsterdam where they sent their sugar and other produce to be sold.

The Dutch colonists introduced the guilder and other coins such as pennings, stivers and bitts whose values fluctuated over time. Side by side with these coins from other European nations circulated. These included the English guinea, the Mexican dollar, and the Portuguese gold ducat, moidore, and joe.

By the end of the eighteenth century a type of paper money issued by the Government or the banks in Europe began appearing in Guyana. Usually, when a person had accumulated a quantity of pa-

per money, he would exchange the notes for gold at the Receiver's Office for Colonial Taxes. This Office would then reissue the paper money to the general public again.

When the British seized Guyana in 1803, English coins began to make a gradual appearance. But the Dutch coins continued to be the main means of commercial exchange throughout the rest of the century, by which time the Portuguese and Mexican coins could hardly be found in circulation.

Many slaves saved coins that they acquired by doing odd jobs during their free time, or through the sale of the produce from their provision grounds.

Interestingly, the first bank to be established was a savings bank for the slaves in 1828. This occurred at a time when the British Government was implementing policies aimed at improving the social condition of the slave population in its colonies.

In 1836, two other banks, the Colonial Bank and the British Guiana Bank, were set up. The former, many years later, was taken over by Barclays Bank, while the latter, during the second decade of the twentieth century, was absorbed by the Royal Bank of Canada.

In 1900, the Dutch coins were withdrawn and were replaced by British coins such as the half penny, penny, sixpence, twelve pence, shilling, florin, half crown, crown, sovereign and guinea. Official British paper money was also introduced into Guyana at this time.

This system of currency remained until 1951 when Guyana joined with the British Eastern Caribbean territories to use common Eastern Caribbean coins and currency notes, even though many of the British coins continued to circulate for a while.

Guyana, on attaining independence in 1966, withdrew from the Eastern

Penny (reverse)

Caribbean currency board and began to issue its own coins (one cent, five cents, ten cents, twenty-five cents, fifty cents) and currency notes with values of one dollar, five dollars, ten dollars and twenty dollars.

Today, coins are issued in one dollar, five and ten dollars; having years earlier replaced their respective notes, while cent coins where long ago withdrawn.

The one and five dollar coins earmarked

“tails”.

Sunday Times Magazine interviewed 66-year-old Judith Deosarran who reminisced about growing up in British Guiana and how happy she was when she was able to take one of the coins, used in her time, to the shop to purchase something delicious, or being able to purchase groceries with just a shilling.

“My father would tell me that with a penny [in 1940] he could’ve

Dollar showing a portrait of Cuffy

earlier by the BOG to be withdrawn are still in circulation.

The obverse of a coin means the “front face” of the object and reverse means the “back face”. The obverse of a coin is commonly called “heads”, because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse

1967 ten cents

purchased a salara shaped like a ‘donkey collar’, which six persons could eat to satisfaction. With a 1960 shilling, I could’ve bought a pound of flour, sugar, salt or a big slice of fish that could feed about six persons. Five cents (1964) could’ve gotten you a tall drink of lemonade and large buttered bread. With the ‘Cuffy dollar’ you could get eddoes, plantains, cassava, coconuts, calaloo and other veggies for soup or metemgee. These were the good old days when these little coins could’ve purchased so many things,” Judith remembered.

For the young generations who are unfamiliar with the coins featured today, we encourage you to learn more about them through research or simply by talking to the older folks who actually used them.

You’ll find the information they impart very impressive. (Historical information from: “The Guyana Story - From Earliest Times to Independence” by Odeen Ishmael)

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

3

Times Feature

Students in Guyana learning about stamps

The Guyana Philatelic Society

Fostering and facilitating interest in stamp collecting T

he Guyana Philatelic Society (GPS) aims to create greater interest and activity in the study of British Guiana and Guyana stamps and postal history.

It is a source of information for British Guiana and Guyana collectors, where they can connect via exhibitions and group meetings, and by using the Society’s social media internet sites being developed.

With these tools, GPS

California, U.S.A. “I started out by holding a small stamp show with displays of British Guiana stamps at the Sleepin’ Hotel in Brickdam. I was pleasantly surprised at the attendance and interest in stamp collecting. It seemed like everyone that came was a collector during a period of their life or knew someone that was a stamp collector. Needless to say during that show, I felt compelled

A few members of the Guyana Philatelic Society at a members meeting in New York

facilitates a collectors exchange or the buying and selling of stamps by its members. This includes all philatelic materials, envelopes, collections, books, to name just a few. The Society also offers philatelic advice from its experts and conduct appraisals of single stamps or collections of stamps from Guyana.

The purpose of GPS is to provide up-to-date information on Guyana stamps; assist collectors to build bigger and better collections by providing greater opportunities to obtain philatelic material; and educate the youths of Guyana on stamp collecting.

In an interview with Sunday Times Magazine, Ann Wood, founder of the Guyana Philatelic Society, related that the Society was started in 2012 as a nonprofit organization based in

to start a stamp club to renew the interest and provide support for collectors in Guyana, thus GPS started. In 2013, I contacted the former Postmaster General, Mr. Henry Dundas, about exhibiting at GPO in Georgetown, since the Philatelic Bureau is located there. He gladly welcomed us and we have been exhibiting at GPO regularly since then,” Ann recalled.

Ann is originally from Kitty, Georgetown, and has lived for more than 30 years in the United States.

As a child, she became fascinated by the stamps on the letters that her father, Dr. Sam Ramphal, a radio evangelist, received as a result of the radio program, “Deliverance Time”. During that period, she started her collection and is still an avid collector of British Guiana and Guyana stamps.

Over the years, Ann acquired most of her Guyana stamps through the mail with the help of the Guyana Philatelic Bureau where she has held an account for more than 30 years. She also regularly attends stamp shows throughout the world and searches the internet to find stamps.

Ann is a member of the American Philatelic Society, The Royal Philatelic Society London, the British West Indies Study Circle, The British Caribbean Philatelic Study Group and other specialized stamp clubs. In addition, she is an expert with the American Philatelic Society for British Guiana and Guyana stamps.

The avid stamp collector travels from the US to Guyana twice a year to organize stamp exhibitions, workshops and school visits, and gives away free stamps at all events to promote the hobby.

In 2014, Ann, with the guidance of former Postmaster, Henry Dundas, visited and photographed all 70 of Guyana post offices, something that has rarely been done by anyone. She has also created postcards of the post offices.

Ann continues shares her knowledge, time and resources so that others can enjoy and learn from stamp collecting just like she does.

“We hope to use stamp collecting as an educational tool in schools across Guyana; to help collectors increase their knowledge of stamp collecting by providing access to philatelic books and catalogs for research; and to provide philatelic resources for collectors,” Ann noted.

GPS will be donating several stamp catalogs and philatelic books to the National Library during the week of November 14, 2016, where the Society will be giving away over 100 pounds of stamps. Additionally, the Society will be visiting schools in Mackenzie and Lenora. Members’ meetings, workshop, stamp show and stamp swap are also planned.

In May 2016, the Society was at the World Stamp

Show held in New York with over 100,000 collectors in attendance. GPS displayed the postcards with the post offices of Guyana and held a members meeting with many of its international members in attendance.

GPS has grown to more than 200 members in several countries and continues to grow rapidly. Its members are people from all walks life: those who collect new issues from Guyana to those who have only very limited stamp budgets. Above all, GPS stamp club offers the friendship, knowledge and experience of its members who give advice on all aspects of collecting.

For more information, visit https://guyanastamps. com or Guyana Philatelic Society on Facebook.

Ann at a stamp exhibition

4

Sunday Times Magazine

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Times Feature The Guyana Animation Network

T

he Guyana Animation Network (GAN) is a community formed to raise awareness on the opportunities available in the animation and ICTs industries for Guyanese.

GAN, which was officially launched July 2, 2016, provides a platform for Guyanese animators, artists, story writers and creators to benefit from greater networking, training, capacity building and development opportunities locally, regionally and internationally. It also seeks to bring together businesses, professionals, national officials and other persons who can develop the creative industries in Guyana.

“Guyana possesses a very unique, creative and vibrant culture. It has many young and old, who are eager to develop their animation, creative and artistic skills which can be used to catapult this country forward,” explained Jubilante Cutting, founder of GAN. Jubilante pointed out that with proper guidance, the establishment of an NGO and networking on a community, regional and international level, Guyanese animators and artists will gain enough training and motivation to kick-start a yearning for respect of the creative industries.

“GAN’s ultimate goal is to allow animators, artists

and supporters/advocates of this industry to make this potentially lucrative industry one that will function as a solid and fluid machine. It seeks to develop in a manner that serves the best interests of not only the local, regional and international animation studios but also the driving forces of the industry, the animators, the artists and creators,” Jubilante declared.

This year, the Guyana Animation Network and the Suriname Animation Network (SAN) decided to establish the first collaboration of its kind in the Caribbean called SAGA Networks (SAN + GAN) to commemorate this momen-

GAN's display at Animae Caribe Festival

From L-R: Adley Breeveld - president of SAN, Nicholas Maxwell - president of TTAN, Camille Selvon Abrahams - Creative Director of the Animae Caribe Festival, and Jubilante Cutting - president of GAN.

tous occasion.

Although the networks sought to benefit from the many activities, the collaboration’s main focus was on the festival’s Animated Ideas Bootcamp, which facilitated a training and development project that encourages group participation for the development of animation concepts for pitching and production.

The winning group will be partnered with Caribbean animation studios and funded to create a short trailer a poster and a Production Bible that will be used for marketing and promotion for further funding both in the region, and international bodies.

To assist in the development of these concepts are exceptional coaches, all with a background in design and creation, such as Caiphus Moore (with more than ten years of experience at EA Games), Yoane Pavadé and Saïdou Bernabé of Parallel, and 14 out of Martinique who have spent 15 years abroad working as 3D graphic designers for some of the largest international studios.

SAGA Networks won second place in the Animae Caribe Festival Boot camp

Film and New Media Festival with their film pitch “The Old Higue” and fourth place with film "Project Mimas." SAGA also won most promising animator, along with the Trinidad and Tobago Animation Network (TTAN).

A contingent of 21 members from both SAGA Networks attended the festival which lasted for seven days. Both networks were also recognized for their work in collaborating for the sake of building the Caribbean Animation Industry and showing that

it is possible.

The Animae Caribe Animation and Digital Media Festival continues to embrace and encourage the growth of local content by providing an outlet for innovative animators in the Caribbean to develop, expand and showcase their talents to a wider local and international audience.

With support from regional institutions like CARICOM, Caribbean Development Bank and the University of Trinidad and Tobago, this year’s Animae Caribe Animation and

Animator from Disney at the Animae Caribe Festival demonstrates how characaters are created

Character creation of "Captain Guyana" done

by Guyanese animator Josiah Hooper

Digital Media Festival was a week of animation screenings, along with appearances from animation and gaming professionals from the Caribbean diaspora who are impacting the animation industry from companies like Disney, Pixar, EA Games and others.

The festival aims to establish a thriving arts and animation movement in the Caribbean, and push animation and the new media industry to the forefront within the region and worldwide.

For more information, visit Guyana Animation Network on Facebook.

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 5

Times Women

R

omanee Kalicharran is a dance virtuoso of Guyanese and Puerto Rican heritage who loves how “Guyanese culture meshes cultures from India with Caribbean flavour”.

Romanee was born in the US. Her mother, Judith Kalicharran nee Cintrón, was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and her father, Ramesh Kalicharran also known as Kali, was born in Essequibo, Guyana.

Sunday Times Magazine interviewed Romanee, who spoke about the richness of her diversified cultural background and how it inspires her to help others through the art of dance.

Sunday Times Magazine: What do you like about your Guyanese heritage?

Romanee Kalicharran: We have the songs and the music as well as religious traditions intact. Although many have lost their spoken language component as well as certain aspects from India, the overall culture remains as a time capsule in the Caribbean. So what I really appreciate is that people have taken upon themselves the responsibility to maintain whatever was kept and to do things the way that it was brought down from their ancestors. I also like, as I said, the IndoCaribbean flavour that is infused in the music such as Taan, Chutney, Indian soca, and all of the forms that have transformed into popular music as well dance.

The food there is with a flavour all its own.

Romanee's passion is to promote the art of dance and help others through it

Playing barriles (drums) used in Puerto Rican Bomba music and dance

Sunday Times Magazine: What inspired you to take up dancing?

R o m a n e e Kalicharran: Exposure to all different art forms as a young child. My parents put my family into many different activities. We were involved in traditional forms, such as arts and music, as well as activities such as karate and swimming, guitar, piano, and others. However, what stuck with us were the traditional forms: Tabla, Kathak, Dholak, Bhajan, classical and folk Indian music and dance. And we really took it upon ourselves to maintain those things. As a child, I found that it was something that was important. And now I realize as an adult why it was that important. So my inspiration

With Pandit Birju Maharaj

is now drawn from the continuity of culture.

My profession is art creation and education. Kathak dance is part of that, but I also do much more surrounding the arts. I do teach dance. I do perform dance.

But I also do music direction, training of contestants for cultural shows and pageants, teach children cultural studies almost on a daily basis, and choreography for specialized programs... and the list goes on. There’s much more surrounding dance, because dance is something that is instantaneous and once it’s performed it’s done. But the process behind it and the content is very much important as well. I am also a musician and I also love to educate and to do lecturing upon inter-culturalism, not only in performing arts, but in general and the maintenance of culture, and also the promotion of innovation.

Sunday Times Magazine: Are you formally trained?

Romanee Kalicharran: I was formally trained in Kathak and Bomba, as well as other music and dance forms. For Kathak, I started with Gora Singh. He was the first Guyanese-born dancer to go to India on a scholarship to learn with dance masters and returned to Guyana with that knowledge. Here in New York, I learned with him as a child for only about two years.

That was very groundbreaking because he was an Indo-Caribbean like myself. I then continued on to learn from Satya Narayana Charka of East West School of Dance. He is from India. I was the first Indo-Caribbean or Puerto Rican to graduate from that institute. I have been also been trained under Master, Pandit Birju

Maharaj over the years. My other training in Bomba was with Don Angel Reyes. Also, I learned with Tata Cepeda, who is the granddaughter of the Master of Bomba, Don Rafael Cepeda. I feel that it’s very important to have that formal training in order to combine or to speak about these art forms.

I have my NY State certification as a dance teacher. I have taught in Spanish in Puerto Rico and different states in the U.S. I have performed in Canada, India, France, Guyana, and Switzerland, just to name a few. However, my base of teaching is in New York within the schools and independently for serious students of Kathak. I also do workshops with Bomba and with other dance styles.

One of my first performances was for the late President of Guyana, Dr. Cheddi Jagan. I was very young at the time and didn’t realize the impact of that performance. However, now I see that it was very important to be on the stage in front of such an important leader. I felt at that time putting the mala (garland) on his neck was a blessing for me because he appreciated not just my performance, but everyone there.

Sunday Times Magazine: Have you ever visited Guyana?

Romanee Kalicharran: I have visited Guyana many times. I’ve gone to the different areas of Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo, as I have family in all those areas. I love it there. It’s a way to reconnect to my Guyanese roots in a way that’s different from being in New York. To just smell the air, be in the environment, and taste the food is phenomenal. The music and the occasions there remind you

of why you are who you are.

I have also visited Puerto Rico many times and the same thing happens there. I feel reconnected back to my roots in a way that’s different from here. The attitude of the people is so friendly that it feels like home. Both feel like home. I’ve also felt the similar inspiration in India, which was important for me to connect to my ancestry. Dancing in each of those places and teaching in those lands made everything come full circle for me.

Sunday Times Magazine: What would you like to accomplish as an artist?

R o m a n e e Kalicharran: I would like to make a positive impact for the future generations and for the world at large.

Being of mixed heritage and being involved in different dance forms and genres of music give me the insight and tools to speak to various audiences through various forms. What I would like to accomplish with all of this at the end of the day and the end of my term on this Earth is to leave it better than the way that I found it. I hope to leave a mark

here that someone can refer to as a way of expression for themselves or as a point that they can take from and possibly learn from or be inspired by. I also hope to raise the bar of respect for the elders that hold these art forms and keep them alive. I hope to accomplish bringing up the respect of artists and the roles of artists in our everyday lives.

Art is something that helps our survival as human beings in the realm of our everyday lives and the hustle and bustle of work. The artistes' role is very particular and very important. As far as my own repertoire, my own work, I would like for it to be something appreciated and hopefully make an impact to whoever picks it up.

I'd like everyone to know their work is just as valid as anyone else’s. All forms of music and dance have their time and place and are valid and important in their own right.

For more information on Romanee’s upcoming performances and events, visit Romanee and Company on Facebook.)

One of her awards in recognition of her 'outstanding achievements and community service'

6 Sunday Times Magazine

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Times Book World The Shaping of Guyanese Literature

‘Pulling the punches: Defeating Domestic Violence’ by Luke Daniels Domestic violence – it has a beginning and there must be an end

By Petamber Persaud

“P

ulling the punches: Defeating Domestic Violence” by Luke Daniels is a hard-hitting book that does not bob and weave but deliberately aims at, and takes pot-shots of sordid realities of this issue, stepping on stumbling-block toes of our civilization that spawned patriarchy, a system of monstrous proportion, limiting lives from the cradle to the grave, infringing on basic human rights, stealing the joy of living by imposing oppression in its various manifestations; ingraining themselves into norms of society as we accept violence meted out “just for your good/ just a slap/just words”; mini-

Author Luke Daniels (YouTube photo)

mizing the violence and prolonging the hurt, wrecking a toll on future generations

as violence become a learned behaviour, resulting in immeasurable economic, social

and mental health cost.

These “revelations” are brutal but there is a redeeming factor: there is a beginning and there must be an end.

How will it end?

Accepting, admitting, and coming to grips with the realities, saying no to all forms of violence, unlearning violent traits in individuals and removing oppressive systems –especially state-sponsored oppression imposed upon society.

In “Pulling the punches…”, Daniels bares all, even sharing his story to add credence to some areas of concern, as if validation is necessary for this most pressing and depressing societal malady.

Although this is a selfhelp book aimed at perpetrators/survivors (man, woman, and state), it offers guidance to anyone concerned about the use of violence, and to practitioners in the field of domestic violence.

The book is prepared in six progressive/graduating chapters: from the root of domestic violence to the rooting out of this scourge, mindful that the full and true solution rests in self-realization and “repentance”, leading to release/salvation.

Each chapter is important to the whole as each chapter looks at a key “awarenessraising” issue to fully grasp and grapple with the problem in order to equip ourselves with the appropriate attitude and tools to effective put an end to domestic violence.

A word of caution: change in individuals and in systems comes at different paces and the use of violence is a choice.

In chapter one, the focus is on the birth, evolution and entrenchment of a patriarchal society that spawned the socialization of violence, breeding the oppression of both male and female; pointing to three contributing factors, namely where perpetrators were hit/abused as children, where sexist attitudes still exist, and control/dominating patterns are practiced. Perpetuating these ills is one sordid side of the gloomy picture but condoning these ills is worse. And according to the book, “real solutions involve outlawing all forms of violence and teaching an ethos of non-violence”.

In chapter two, labelled ‘Men’s Liberation’, the focus is on the confusion about men’s oppression in a society where men are deemed the chief perpetrators in the oppression of women. This is what the book offers on the

confusion: “[w]ith the oppression of men there is no one group, but the society as a whole does the oppressing, through its customs, culture and institutions. Chief among these latter are the army, police, prison and economic system”.

Further, men are stereotyped to be superior – strong and indestructible – from youth where they are given “an arsenal of war toys” and told “big boys don’t cry”; internalizing unhealed hurt, growing into the next sphere of providers to “bring home the bacon”; and even in the sport of boxing which is a “hurt business” and then having to deal with the fear of same-sex relationships and homophobia.

of oppression” and similarly, “sexist language is used as a tool to undermine women” excluding them from “historical (after all it is his-story we are talking about) accounts”.

Chapter four, labelled ‘Giving up Addictions’, focuses on mind-altering substances: “That licit drug companies are allowed to peddle their poison freely is a disgrace that can only be seen as a dereliction of duty by governments to protect its citizens from ill health, misery and early death”.

Another major form of addiction is gambling especially as it is seen as not hurting anyone.

Chapters five – ‘Parenting for Change’ and six – ‘Building loving rela-

Cover for “Pulling the punches: Defeating Domestic Violence” by Luke Daniels

Chapter three,labelled ‘Women’s Liberation’, looks at some of the factors contributing to oppression of women and how it is condoned in name of religion, tradition, custom and culture. Some other factors include politics, education, equal-pay discrimination, sexism and pornography, the latter a multi-billion-dollar industry controlled mostly by men. It is worthy to note that one of the “key places we learn sexism is in the home. Gender socialization begins from the moment babies are put into blue or pink and it continues for most of our lives”.

Under the subsection “language and liberation” it is stated that language has always been used as a “tool

tionships’ ought to go hand in hand because of the commonalities found in both areas. The underlining factor in both areas is the need for a non-oppressive environment where hurt can be healed, where lives would not be limited and where growth and development is possible.

In “Pulling the punches: Defeating Domestic Violence”, there are numerous repetitions and overlapping, all designed in the effort to keep the issue in focus as a work in progress.

This book is recommended reading for every strata of Guyanese society.

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@yahoo.com

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 7

Times Heritage

W

hile much is known of the indigenous piwari/paiwarri and kasirri drinks, documentation of other fermented and non-fermented drinks of this group of Guyanese remains sketchy, and perhaps over time some have even ceased to be produced.

Prolific historian James Rodway, has become oftentimes the sole source of our much- undocumented national history, and here he provides some insight into the seemingly lost and forgotten traditions of indigenous Guyanese.

Fermented drinks

Beltiris is a name derived from the Arawak word beletto, signifying anything soft or jelly-like. Whereas Paiwarri and Kassiri are used chiefly for purposes

of feasting and sport, beltiri is essentially a fermented drink for home consumption.

It is made from cassava, having, in the course of making cassava bread, expressed the fluid from the squeezed cassava by means of the matapi and using kereli -- an Arawak word for the chewed fresh cassavabread, previously soaked in sugar-cane juice, which has been thoroughly saturated with saliva and spat out again by the different women and children, sometimes men assisting. In certain areas this chewing process is said to be essentially woman's work.

Berria is another cassava beverage product made by heaping up hot cassavacakes and covering them with plantain leaves; after fermenting through the ac-

tion of the heat, they dissolve them in warm water, and placing the resulting broth in earthen jars where it effervesces and produces a beer which is called Berria.

This recipe though, varies somewhat among users: Demerara River Indians manufacture a cassava drink on practically identical lines, but without the use of any kereli.

Kumani, of the Demerara River, is a composition of cassava bread, cassava sticks or twigs, and soft wood, all burnt and pounded together, and placed in jars with water for weeks to ferment: portions of the fermented matter are then wrapped in leaves.It is sweet and honey -like, and when mixed with water, used as a beverage.

Sakura is said to have been introduced by the seafaring Surinam Caribs. A

Wapishana (L) and Atorad (Atorai) in warrior dance costumes at a festive event

Aerial view of National Library and St. George's Cathedral circa 1950-1959

HMS Curlew schooner waiting to load up at Demerara wharf circa 1924

kind of pap, made of chewed cassava, cooked yams and such-like (a handful of it mixed with a calabashfull of water forms a sort of soup).

Among the Macusis, a few days before starting on a journey, the housewife bakes some fresh cassava bread, of which one is chewed, while the others are kneaded into a paste; together with the chewed mass and the thickened juice of the manihot, fermentation commences after four or five days.

When it’s time to quench a thirst, a small quantity is taken and placed into a drinking cup. Water is then poured on it, and the contents stirred until they are dissolved.

Maize drink in British Guiana, certainly on the Pomeroon, involves the maize, after being pounded (if dry), or grated (if fresh), being thrown into warm water and boiled; chewed kereli is then added, and the liquor strained next day; within three days it is ready for consumption.

Pine-Apple juice, an intoxicating liquor, is prepared by peeling the fruit and grating it on a sieve, allowing the juice to take its own time to ferment. The Arawaks have no special

word for it, just calling it nanna-ura, literally, “pinejuice”.

The Wild Cashew (Anacardium rhinocarpus) similarly yields a very pleasant alcoholic drink.

Arawaks call it obudi-ura, lit., “cashew-juice”.

Cane- juice similarly requires no special preparation. While the sugar-cane is being squeezed in the "mill/" the juice trickles down the artificial gutter whence it is collected. It takes some three weeks to fully ferment, and is highly intoxicating. The doubtfully Indian name, on the Pomeroon at least, is warrap.

Non-fermented beverages

Of the many non-fermented liquors, perhaps the most important on the coastlands is that obtained from the Ite-palm (Mauritia flexuosa) either from the trunk or from the fruits.

Among the Macusis, to accelerate the collection of the sap, the upper end of the trunk is raised on a scaffolding of about a foot to 18 in. high, and a fire lighted under its whole length. When the drink is made from the fruits, the tree need not nec-

essarily be sacrificed.

The large bunches of fruits when more or less mature are stacked in a close heap and covered with a thick layer of the leaves for some four days, at the end of which time the fruits will all be found to have dropped from their stalks.

A pit is then dug in the swampy ground, about three feet wide by two feet deep, into which the water wells up from below, and into this basketful after basketful of the fruits are thrown in.

A thick covering composed of many layers of Ite leaves is again placed over the whole which is left as it is for about eight days. By this time, the seed coverings will have become soft, and hence can now be easily scraped off, a procedure in which the person will be probably assisted by his family who either come and work at it on the spot, or else carry the mush home with them.

Once removed, this soft substance is mixed, as required, with water and a little honey, and thus drunk.

Rodway states that “[I] t tastes nice and is said to be very fattening.” (TO BE CONTINUED)

8 Sunday Times Magazine

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Travel & Tourism Oshi Falls (Patrick Greaves photo)

O

shi Falls, also known by several other names such as Salto Oshi, King George VI Falls, Ushi Falls, Utshi Falls, Uitshi Falls, is located on the Oshi River in Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Region Seven.

The waterfall was reportedly discovered in 1938 by American entomologist and physician Paul A. Zahl.

The Falls belong to the most spectacular falls in the world – but few people manage to see them.

This waterfall represents a single 214-metretall vertical plunge adorning a broad cliff amphitheater. The landscape there is still covered with pristine rainforest. (www.wondermondo. com) (Cover photo: Breathtaking Oshi (Photo by Air Services Limited))

Closer look at the pristine forest surrounding the Falls (Photo from Annette & Dave Martins 'Is We Own' Facebook page) Spectacular view of Oshi (Photo by Air Services Limited)

A cascading beauty

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 9

Times Healthy Living

What happens What you don't want to know about fast food to your body A when you sit all day t some point, you're probably going to end up eating fast food; but you can still make good choices by not choosing certain food items that, according to the people who work inside drive-thrus, are gross, unsanitary, or just plain strange.

The list.com takes readers into the fast food world in their feature ‘What you don't want to know about fast food”: The good news: many Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises across the USA donate a lot of their unsold chicken to local charities and homeless shelters. The bad news: some of that chicken is too old or stale to donate to the hungry, so KFC employees supposedly strip the chicken from the bones and soak the meat in barbecue sauce for a day or so. The staleness is effectively masked with the powerful taste of tomatoes and vinegar, and it's plopped onto buns and sold as sandwiches.

Chicken McNuggets do have chicken in them, but it's nowhere near as plentiful as the main ingredient.

There are actually 38 ingredients in these fried poultry lumps, and the majority of them are corn products and corn derivatives. A whopping 56 per cent of a McNugget is technically corn. And 0.02 percent is tertiary butylhydroquinone, a petroleum by-product used as a preservative. TBHQ is also known as butane—lighter fluid.

Fast food soda machines see a lot of traffic, and

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it's already hard enough for employees to keep the ice machines full. According to a study (which was originally done as a science project started by 12-year-old Jasmine Roberts), 70 per cent of the ice collected from fast food places was dirtier than the water in those same restaurants' toilets.

Polystyrene cups have been banned in many major cities because they take thousands of years to decompose but some restaurant chains still serve drinks in them, especially for coffee and hot chocolate. When filled with hot beverages, Styrofoam cups are known to leak styrene-styrene, which is a neurotoxin linked to depression and concentration issues. Cold drinks only make a little of the stuff leak out, but when the cups are heated—as happens when they're filled with coffee—the styrene can't get out of its Styrofoam prison fast enough. Do yourself a favour and buy a thermos or a travel mug.

Many burger chains, particularly McDonald's, have such a high volume of business that they premake sandwiches and load them up in a heater/hopper for faster service. But if a sandwich is not popular—like the fish sandwich—it can sit there for hours.

Unless it's a time of year when fish sandwiches are popular (such as during Lent, when McDonald's and other restaurants put the Filet-O-Fish or similar items on sale to attract those who temporarily don't eat meat for religious reasons), you may want to avoid the fish.

Keeping the unhealthy out of healthy salads

s a general rule, you really can't go wrong eating leafy greens.

They're low in calories, loaded with nutrients, and most of us don't get enough of them in our diets. The problem is they don't taste super great on their own, so we wind up adding all kinds of unhealthy ingredients just to make salads palatable.

Here are a few traps to avoid.

Bacon bits (of course). Although bacon may be a no-brainer when it comes to toppings to avoid in your salad, they warrant mention because of how sneaky they are about ruining your salad. If you can limit yourself to only a single teaspoon, you're adding about 35 calories to your meal. But the real culprit here is the 125 mg of sodium as well as the fats that come along with it. Not only does your waistline pay the price, your heart does, too. And let's not forget we all learned that processed meats like bacon were found to cause cancer.

Croutons: bread by another name. If you're eating a salad for lunch, you're probably trying to watch refined carbs and empty calories very carefully. Many croutons can also contain high levels of sodium. At about 60 calories per dozen, you're better off eating whole wheat bread that at least contains fibre to help you digest and feel fuller.

Thick, creamy dressings. While dressings like ranch, blue cheese, creamy Italian, and Caesar can turn your bowl of leafy greens into a savoury delight, they're one of the worst additions to an otherwise healthy salad. Many can add around 200 calories per serving, with 180 of those coming from fat. And that's if you only have one serving. Most people tend to add

two or three servings to their salad. It's almost always better to opt for light vinaigrette instead… and remember to go easy on it.

Cheeses. Like bacon, cheese is one of those foods we instantly recognize as unhealthy, yet somehow magically forget when we add it to a salad.

For example, one cup of crumbled feta cheese is approximately 396 calories, and it has fewer calories than cheeses like parmesan and cheddar. Adding cheese could potentially cause your salad to have more calories than a Big Mac, which clocks in at 563.

"Crispy" chicken. Adding protein in general is going to add more calories to your salad than the greens and vegetables, but we all need protein and there are plenty of healthy ways to get it. Unfortunately, the term "crispy" is generally code for fried. When you order a crispy chicken Caesar salad, you're essentially ordering a salad with chicken fingers in it. It kind of defeats the purpose. Stick with grilled chicken instead.

The portion. The thing about nutrition and healthy eating is nothing is truly horrible for you in the right amounts. As a general rule, the worse a food is for you, the less you should eat. You're not going to die if you eat a piece of bacon, but if you're having it with your breakfast all the time (or sprinkling it on your salad for lunch), you're doing your body a disservice. Try to stick to salads that are a reasonable portion. That way it's easier to judge how much you're putting in your body. If you need double the dressing to fork it down, then you're doubling those calories, too.

E

xcessive sitting, or a sedentary lifestyle, has unfortunately become the norm in our culture.

According to the World Health Organization, physical inactivity is actually the fourth leading risk factor for death among adults around the world.

T h e Annals of Internal Medicine r e p o r t found sitting for long periods of time causes changes in our bodies that can't be

undone w i t h w o r k ing out a few times per week.

Excessive sitting causes an increased risk for heart disease, cancer, and poor bone density; sitting for eight to twelve hours per day increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by 90 per cent.

Fortunately, taking breaks from sitting, even just to stand up and stretch for a minute can help offset these risks. Here are just a few of the changes going on in your body as you read this (or have you stood up already?)

Our muscles weaken Our bodies are meant to move.

Sitting for extended periods truly affects every body system, starting with our muscles. When sitting at your desk at work or over a phone, we all naturally lean forward towards the screen, straining our necks.

Certified strength and conditioning specialist Douglas Lentz told Women's Health that sitting all day also affects all the muscles that support the spine. "When you sit all day, your hip flexors and hamstrings shorten and tighten, while the muscles that support your spine become weak and stiff," he explained. This leads to chronic pain, which could of course make it more difficult to be active in the future.

Chronic conditions It is not just our back muscles that suffer from sitting all day.

Not surprisingly, sitting for most of the day has been linked to heart disease and diabetes. The longer we sit, the fewer calories our bodies burn. Because we're not using our muscles, our heart does not have to pump as hard or fast, allowing fatty acids to build up and more easily clog the heart.

In fact, people who are very sedentary or sit most of the day

are twice as likely to have heart disease as those who are active throughout the day. Excessive sitting is also linked to increased rates of type 2 diabetes and cancer.

Brain fog Sitting for too long even

affects our brains. When we move our muscles, our heart pumps fresh, oxygenated blood to the brain. Sitting for an extended period of time slows down all of our body's functions, including brain function.

If you've ever felt down after a long day in front of your work

computer, it might be because excessive sitting is linked to feeling depressed.

According to a Harvard University blog post, excessive sitting has even been linked with an increased risk for dementia.

Get up and move

Even though this problem is serious, it's actually pretty simple to fix. All we have to do is stand up and walk around a little during the day. You don't have to give up your office job in order to be more active throughout the day.

If you usually sit at a desk during the day, ask your manager if an alternative desk is an option. Some companies actually offer standing or treadmill desks to their employees.

If your boss isn't ready to throw down the cash for a treadmill desk, make sure to plan plenty of standing and walking breaks throughout the day. Even if you don't have a standing desk, you could stand to use the phone or to text.

At least every hour, stand up for a few minutes and walk a lap around the office. Try setting your phone alarm to remind you to take a standing or walking break. There are even apps to help with this, such as ‘Stand Up!’ and ‘StandApp’.

At home, try to sneak in exercise anywhere you can - when watching a show, rather than fast-forwarding through commercials, use that time as a walking or standing break; as a rule of thumb, the more activity, the better.

10 Sunday Times Magazine

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Fashion

Designer Andy Anthony Cummings

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uyanese designer Andy Cummings’s recent collection of men’s shirts showcases his designing talents in creat-

ing applauded pieces for a distinct look.

“I get my inspiration from my African culture in the Caribbean, but mostly from Guyana. The patterns and colours used in this collection display the richness of my African heritage,” the designer said in an interview with Guyana Times Sunday Magazine.

Cummings graduated from the Burrowes School of Art in 2012 with a major in Ceramics and minor in Textiles. He was awarded best graduating student and best ceramic student for his year. In that same year, he won the Guyana Model Search/Designers Portfolio, which gave him the opportunity to be fashion partner with veteran Guyanese designer Sonia Noel.

Cummings was named Most Promising Young Designer of 2013.

Forever looking for newer and bigger challenges to conquer, in late 2014 the designer decided to enter “Mission Catwalk” - a regional designer competition that targets the Caribbean’s best young designers. He made inroads again when he became the first designer from Guyana to make it to the finals of the competition. Cummings was able to secure the “Most Promising Designer of the Year” title.

Now, the designer’s dreams, which he is working feverishly to make a reality, are to pursue a fashion degree from an accredited university and to work for an international fashion company with the aim of one day operating his own establishment.

To contact the designer, call 672-2243 or email a.acummings68@yahoo.com

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 11

Star Times Hollywood

I

vanka Trump, born October 30, 1981, is a real estate executive, entrepreneur, wife and mother.

As Executive Vice President of Acquisitions and Development at the Trump Organization, she is leading some of the company’s most high-profile deals, including the US$250-million renovation of the iconic Doral Golf Resort in Miami. Together with her brothers Eric and Donald Jr., Ivanka founded the Trump Hotel Collection, the fastest-growing luxury hotel company in the world. Ivanka is the founder of the Ivanka Trump Collection. She graduated from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in 2004. She wrote the New York Times bestselling business book, “The Trump Card: Playing to Win in Work and Life” in 2009 and was named to Fortune magazine’s prestigious 40 Under 40 List in 2014. Ivanka has appeared with her father, Donald Trump, in “The Celebrity Apprentice” for several seasons and was back as a boardroom judge, alongside her brothers, in the most recent season, which received the highest ratings in the show’s history.Ivanka married Jared Kushner, fellow entrepreneur, real estate developer, investor and owner of The New York Observer in 2009. The couple have two children, daughter, Arabella Rose, and son, Joseph Fredrick.

In her free time, Ivanka enjoys traveling, cooking and tending her garden with Arabella.Ivanka has played an integral role in helping her father become the next President of the United States of America.

12 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Times Hollywood

Kanye West rescues fan

W

hile he doesn't usually show love for them, Kanye West cares about his fans too. The rapper proved it when he recently rushed to help a concertgoer who nearly fell and could've been badly injured at his recent "Saint Pablo" show.

In a just-surfaced video, Kanye was seen surrounded by his entourage as he walked past a bunch of fans screaming on a balcony.

They also pushed one another, almost causing one man standing in the very front to fall off.

Kanye spotted the inci-

dent and immediately ran below the balcony in hopes he would catch the man if he were to fall. Kanye then gestured with his hands for the other fans to calm down and give each other space.

He continued to walk as one of his security guards dealt with the crowd.

Usually, Kanye won't even smile for his fans.

During the Super Bowl 50 last year, he even made headlines for ignoring random men who took a selfie with him. Looking annoyed, he's seen scowling and pouting while fans widely smiled at the camera. (AceShowbiz)

Drake posts photo Zayn Malik reveals struggle of Taylor Swift amid dating rumors with eating disorder

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Z

ayn Malik had an eating disorder while he was still in One Direction. The "Pillowtalk" singer revealed in his new book, "I didn't feel like I had control over anything else in my life, but food was something I could control, so I did."

Zayn continued, "I had lost so much weight I had

become ill. The workload and the pace of life on the road put together with the pressures and strains of everything going on within the band had badly affected my eating habits."

"When I look back at images of myself from around November 2014, before the final tour, I can see how ill I was," he said. "Something I've never talked about in public before, but which I have come to terms with since leaving the band, is that I was suffering from an eating disorder."

(AceShowbiz)

rake posted a photo with Taylor Swift on Friday, November 4, amid ongoing rumors that they are collaborating in the studio.

In the pic, Drake, 30, and Swift, 26, are standing in front of a small crowd. "Is that velvet?" he captioned the snapshot.

The photo was taken during the rapper's birthday bash at L.A.'s Delilah late last month. Other famous attendees included Swift's ex John Mayer, her former pal Katy Perry, Jamie Foxx and French Montana.

Fans are even more puzzled following Drake's Instagram post though.

"Drake posted a picture with Taylor Swift and I have never been so stressed out!!!

What IS this?" one commenter tweeted on Friday. A second added: "can someone

tell me is up with drake and taylor swift??"

Others are torn about a possible love connection. "I can't live in a world where Drake and Taylor Swift are dating," one person wrote, while another shared, "I'm actually obsessed with drake & taylor swift hanging out."

Drake and Swift have kept mum about all the chatter. However, Drake did mention in 2010 that he would be "down" to collaborate with the pop star.

"Seeing Taylor Swift in person is always fun for me.

I bought this Taylor Swift T-shirt the other day that I might wear tonight," he told Extra at the time. "I just have this small little thing with her; I just like her whole being. I'm excited about her career." (US Magazine)

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 13

Star Times Bollywood

V

ivek Dahiya is an Indian model and television actor, who has appeared in Hindi television series “Yeh Hai Mohabbatein” and “Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...

Veera”. Currently, he is seen in “Kavach...

Kaali Shaktiyon Se”in male lead as Rajbir Bundela.

Dahiya obtained his Masters in International Business Management from De Montfort University, England.

14 Sunday Times Magazine

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Bollywood

Deepika Padukone Ranveer Singh is Indian ambassador for Switzerland Tourism talks to Vogue B about Priyanka ollywood’s livewire actor Ranveer Singh has been named the Indian ambassador for Switzerland Tourism.

“I had such a great time on my trip to Switzerland this summer! I did some crazy things like sky diving and paragliding. Now that I am the official Brand Ambassador of Switzerland Tourism, I am just raring to go back in the winter and see what it looks like in the snow. I can’t wait to try the slopes of St. Moritz and Titlis Engelberg. It will be so much fun,” said Ranveer.

The 31-year-old actor will now be in charge of promoting Switzerland Tourism’s campaign for 2017 - Nature wants you back!

Known for his effervescence and adventurous nature, Ranveer tried an array of activities in Switzerland to get his adrenaline pumping.

R

ivalry is not a new word for Bollywood.

Actors are known to walk out of films because of their conflicts with each other. However, there are some who consider it a healthy competition.

In an interview with “Vogue”, Deepika Padukone said that she doesn’t have any problem with Priyanka Chopra.

Both, Deepika and Priyanka, are working hard to earn a name in Hollywood. While Priyanka is already a major TV star after “Quantico”, Deepika is soon going to be seen with

Vin Diesel in “xXx: Return Of Xander Cage”.

Deepika said, “We have had very different beginnings. I still remember I was in school when she won Miss World! I’ve known her for many years and nothing has changed.”

She further said, “What she wants from her career will be very different from what I want and that needs to be understood and respected.”

Priyanka Chopra is currently shooting for “Baywatch” with Dwayne Johnson. (Hindustan Times)

From wakeboarding on Lake Zurich to ski jumps at the Swiss Museum of Transport in Lucerne, tobogganing on

Mt. Pilatus, paragliding and skydiving in Interlaken, he tried them all. But adventure was just one of his holiday thrills.

“Being a versatile energetic and adventurous personality, Ranveer explored and enjoyed all that Switzerland has to offer. His passion and excitement for the country is what compelled us to request him if he would take on the mantle of Brand Ambassador to which he enthusiastically agreed,” Claudio Zemp, Director - India, Switzerland Tourism added.

The “Bajirao Mastani” star is now looking forward to visiting Switzerland in winter early next year. During his next trip to the country, Ranveer will be visiting St. Moritz, village of Titlis Engelberg and will enjoy an array of activities and the country’s local culture. (Hindustan Times)

Sonu Sood-starrer is China’s official entry to Oscars

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hina has selected historical adventure film “Xuanzang”, which also stars Bollywood actor Sonu Sood, as its official entry for the 89th Academy Awards.

The 43-year-old star, who is making his debut in Chinese film industry with the movie, is playing the character named Harsha.

Directed by Huo Jianqi, it also stars Indian ac-

tors Neha Sharma and Ali Fazal.

Sonu is also part of Indo-Chinese co-production “Kung Fu Yoga” starring Jackie Chan in the lead role.

The project is a part of the three-film agreement signed between India and China during Chinese President Xi Jinpings visit to India. (PTI)

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

15

Times Trends

Trending NOW

Ear Makeup W

e've seen a lot when it comes to beauty art: there's lip art, hair stencil art, eyelid art, and of course nail art. Add this to the list — ear art.

One of the ear art looks includes the lobe dipped in gold shimmer, which reminds us

Glitter ear

Star of the week

of jewellery. There is also a silvery outline of the ear, which actually looks quite pretty against dark hair.

It is very impressive how experimental and creative people are getting with makeup!

Ear lobe painted black is the most popular

'Gold' ear lobe

Metallic ear makeup

Some people are drawing lines on with liquid eyeliner

Some opt for solid colours on their lobes

A

mbika Gavina Ramraj is a fashion model who aims “to help others and make a change in the lives of individuals”. The 17-year-old is an A Level student at School of the Nations' Sixth Form Collegestudying Advanced Level Psychology and Sociology, and Advanced Subsidiary Business, after finishing Advanced Subsidiary Environmental Management, Psychology, and Sociology.

The former Queen's College student is a national badminton player, representingher country in many international tournaments. Apart from academics and sports, Ambika enjoys modelling. Presently, she is a modelin preparation for upcoming Guyana Fashion Week 2016 events, competing in the Guyana Fashion Week Model Image Competition. For Ambika, modellingon the runway gives her a “sudden surge of confidence which is empowering”. She added: “I enjoy the fact that it [modelling] teaches you much more than just how to look pretty or to walk well. Being a part of Guyana Fashion Week, I have learned discipline; my social skills have been aided, many abilities have been broadened and I have grown and continue to grow as an individual.It has also taught me how to love myself as I am, and that what is important is how I feel, not just how I look.

I should feel beautiful in my own skin and accept myself and my imperfections wholly.” To learn more about Ambika’s participation in the Guyana Fashion Week Model Image Competition, visit Gfw ModelImage on Facebook.

16 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Times Art

"The secret is in the Cube"

G

Artist Kyle Rahaman

uyanese “surreal” artist Kyle Rahaman always had an“interest in creative things”. He views art as a medium of dealing with anxiety and deterrence from “interesting vices”.

“Art is partly an expression of subconscious thought that otherwise would never come out. For me, having access to an art room in high school was inspiration enough. I also had a great art teacher, Ravi Doodnaugth, who encouraged me.I have always been drawn to things that arouse emotions – which I find ironic since I have been told I

have the emotional capacity of a rock,” Kyle revealed in an interview with Sunday Times Magazine.

In 2006, Kyle studied visual arts for CXC through Marian Academy. Since then, he was not involved in any art related activities until last year when he entered the Tenth National Biennial Drawing Competition. His pieces from the competition were displayed at Castellani House (National Art Gallery), located on Vlissengen Road. Some of his artworks were also displayed at past events held at Umana Yana.

“I had to re-teach myself some things and figure out mediums I have never used, like water colour. Since I was never very good at painting, it took more than a little brushing up upon my painting to get the hang of it - though I am still not satisfied with my skill with it,” he admitted.

Kyle pointed out that he draws inspiration from people he meets or just seeing something interesting on the road or reading books. Recently, he read a few of Howard Phillips Lovecraft's (an American author who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror) fiction stories and plans on painting“something creepy soon”.

"Unraveling"

“Often times, just sitting and doing a bit of introspection I can grab an idea from whatever I dredge up from my subconscious.

Depending on the piece, I communicate something in my mind that is dark, maybe depressing and a bit too blurry to explain in words.

Sometimes it is just something random and I am not trying to communicate a darn thing, but people will find their own meaning,” he disclosed.

The artist has done sculpting with clay and metal in the past, but due to his work space being “too clut-

Intricate painting of a heart

One of his thought-provoking paintings

tered”, Kyle is hesitant to resume using those art media.

His preferred medium at the moment is charcoal.

“I have done portraits and landscapes for practice. But what I enjoy doing the most is weird, surreal art. I am also a fan of gothic, geometric and dark illustrations. Art is just a hobby right now. I have considered making a fulltime commitment, but for now I am splitting my energies between a few different things.

However, as more people get to know I paint they will make requests to recreate a piece they like or do something entirely different or

the usual portrait requests, so I will be back to my canvas,” Kyle explained.

Encouraging young artists, Kyle recommends “knowing some theory, how to use warm/cold colours, gradients, knowing your materials, and experimenting with different things”.

“There is a lot of info online on techniques and tools.

Being frustrated and overly critical of yourself is natural I think. Get used to not liking your own work sometimes – or a lot of times.

There's a window of opportunity between inspiration and motivation - find it and live there,” Kyle expressed.

guyanatimesgy.com

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 17

Times Tech

R

umours are that Apple’s iPhone 8 could dispense with the charging cable and the home button when it is launched next year.

The two features may go the same way as the headphone jack when the latest model is launched for the device’s 10-year anniversary in 2017.

It has also been rumoured that the smartphone will feature an edge to edge display in the top of the range model alongside two standard

Tech BYTE

T

versions.

Foxconn Technology in Taiwan is making wireless modules to go with their next model according to Nikkei.com.

An industry source told the Asian publication: “Whether the feature can eventually make it into Apple’s updated devices will depend on whether Foxconn can boost the yield rate to a satisfactory level later on.”

It is currently not obvious whether Apple would offer a wireless charging plate similar to Samsung’s offering, or something different.

But one of the patents filed by Apple in the US shows images of a charger similar to that used

Finalists chosen for prestigious British architectural design award

he prestigious Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) has launched a brand new architecture

award: the RIBA International Prize. The first finalists consist of six high-profile projects from around the globe that RIBA feels exemplify the best in modern public architecture.

The six finalists were chosen from a total of 30 entries hailing from five continents. RIBA's judges will now travel to visit each shortlisted building in person and the winner will be announced on November 24.

Here are a few of the finalists; you can go to http:// newatlas.com/riba-2016-international-prize-architectureshortlist/46157/#gallery to see more.

The Ring of Remembrance is located in Notre-Dame-deLorette, France. The design has 600,000 names of fallen soldiers inscribed in it. It was created to adequately represent the sheer horror of World War I while remaining duly respectful

Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid's Heydar Aliyev Centre. Hadid in 2014 won the London Design Museum's Design of the Year award for the Centre, located in Baku, Azerbaijan

by the Apple Watch.

Other rumours indicate that the home button could be for the high jump and replacing it with a phone capable of scanning a fingerprint anywhere on the screen.

Sketches in the patent application show an iPhone with a fold down the middle of the screen,

Tech news

M

with carbon nanotubes giving strength to the structure.

In the patent application, Apple says the housing for the phone could be aluminium, glass, ceramic or even plastic for the bendable screen.

Apple is granted about 2000 patents a year, and just because it patents

something it does not mean that it will result in a product.

Apple is expected to majorly revamp the iPhone design next year although if it does develop a foldable iPhone that is likely to be something several years down the line.

Hacker group targets Windows vulnerability exposed by Google

icrosoft has warned that a Windows vulnerability exposed by rival Google was being exploited by a hacking group suspected of cyberattacks on US political institutions.

Hackers that Microsoft researchers call Strontium launched a low-volume spearphishing campaign aimed at a specific set of people, Windows and Devices Group executive vice president Terry Myerson said in a blog post.

Spear phishing involves tricking people with personally crafted email messages that get them to click on links or files boobytrapped with malicious code that infects machines, letting hackers steal information or take control.

The vulnerability exposed this week let hackers slip into computers through web browsing software, eventually installing “back doors” through which they could enter as they please.

Strontium, given an array of names by cyber security researchers, has been described as a sophisticated hacking operation with ties to Russia.The group has also been suspected of involvement in hacks of political parties in the US presidential race.

In a threat report, Microsoft described Strontium as having the markings of being backed by a nation state, but did not conclude which one.

However, the US technology titan did take aim at Google, saying that a “responsible” member of the industry would have put users first and waited for a patch to be ready before making the vulnerability public.

“Google’s decision to disclose these vulnerabilities before patches are broadly available and tested is disappointing, and puts customers at increased risk,” Myerson said.

Google countered that it gave Microsoft

seven days to fix the flaw, as per its policy regarding critical flaws, before making it public on Monday.

“This vulnerability is particularly serious because we know it is being actively exploited,” Neel Mehta and Billy Leonard of the Google threat analysis group said in an online post.

Google said it told Microsoft and Adobe about the vulnerabilities on October 21, and an update to Flash addressing the weakness was released five days later.

Microsoft said people using the Edge browser on fully updated Windows 10 operating systems should be protected from the attack.

“We have coordinated with Google and Adobe to investigate this malicious campaign and to create a patch for down-level versions of Windows,” Myerson said.

Adobe patches for Windows are being tested and Microsoft plans to release them on November 8.

18 Sunday Times Magazine

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Times Home & Cooking

guyanatimesgy.com

Recipe of the Week

Chicken, potato and carrot patties Ingredients 500g chicken thigh fillets, trimmed, cut into 3cm pieces 2 potatoes, peeled, cut into 3cm pieces 1 carrot, peeled, thickly sliced 1 small brown onion, roughly chopped

D

ecorating the living room in your home should not be a daunting task, and should not necessarily depend on a lavish budget. Key design elements and thoughtfully arranged pieces can bring that designer look to any home.

1 1/4 cups fresh white breadcrumbs 2 tbsps. tomato sauce 1 tbsp. barbecue sauce 1 tbsp. oil 6 hamburger buns, split, toasted 6 green lettuce leaves 1 cup tomato chutney

Method

a non-stick frying pan over medium Put minced potato, carrot and heat. Cook patties, in batches, for 4 to onion in a bowl.Add breadcrumbs, 5 minutes each side or until browned tomato sauce, barbecue sauce and and cooked through. Transfer to a salt and pepper to mince. Mix until baking tray. Place in oven to keep warm while cooking remaining patties. well combined.

Top bun bases with lettuce, patties Using wet hands, roll mixture into six 2cm-thick patties. Place onto a tray. and chutney. Cover with bun tops and Cover and refrigerate for 15 minutes. serve.

Serves 6 Preheat oven to 150°C. Heat oil in

An unusual or statement rug can enliven your living room and be a conversation starter with guests

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Lush, beautiful plants can instantly create a stunning room

erjuice is the unfermented juice of unripe grapes and is used in similar ways to lemon juice or vinegar. Also known as verjus, it can be substituted with white wine.

True Balsamic vinegar is an artisan product from Modena, in Emilia Romagna, Italy, and is made with grape must (juice) that is simmered to make a concentrate, allowed to ferment, then, for a minimum of 12 years, matured in barrels of progressively decreasing size, made from different woods in order to impart different flavours. The result is dark, rich and syrupy and to be used very sparingly.

The real Balsamic vinegar will be marked with tradizionale and/or “DOC” and will be expensive. You can also buy the more affordable, industrially made aceto balsamico di Modena, which uses vinegar as well as grape must; as it's not aged for so long, the flavours won't be as strong.

I

Don’t be discouraged with white upholstery in the living room. Whether you choose to use seat covers or not, just be sure to choose fabric that spot cleans easily (rather than having to remove and wash almost every day)

f your door has a knob, keep it open by using rubber bands if you will be in and out – bringing in the groceries for example. Loop a single rubber band around the door’s inside and outside knobs, twisting it so that the “X” presses the latch open and keeps it open until you’re ready to close the door.

If you want to store special occasion outfits safely, cover each one with an old pillowcase. Cut a hole in the closed end of the pillowcase to slip over a hanger.

Avoid tangled necklaces by threading the chain through a straw, then hook the clasp. If you are travelling, store the necklace with the straw in your toothbrush holder.

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine19

Family Times

PARENTING

Encouraging girls in STEM

I

JOKES

The dream Wife: "In my dream, I saw you in a jewellery store and you bought me a diamond ring."

Husband: "I had the same dream and I saw your dad paying the bill."

Easy question Paddy and Murphy are having a pint in the pub, when some scuba divers come on the TV. Paddy says, "Murphy, why is it them deep sea divers always sit on the side of the boat with them air tanks on their backs, and fall backwards out of the boat?"

Murphy thinks for a minute then says, "That's easy. It's 'cos if they fell forwards, they'd still be in the boat!"

Not so smart A woman gets on an airplane and sits down in the first class section of the plane. The stewardess rushes over to her and tells her she must move to coach because she doesn't have a first class ticket.

The woman replies, "I'm beautiful, I'm smart, I have a good job, and I'm staying in first class until we reach Jamaica."

The disgusted stewardess gets the head stewardess who asks the woman to leave. The woman yet again repeats "I'm beautiful, I'm smart, I have a good job and I'm staying in first class until we reach Jamaica."

The head stewardess doesn't even know what to do at this point because they still have to get the rest of the passengers seated to take off; the woman is causing a problem with boarding now, so the stewardess gets the co-pilot.

The co-pilot goes up to the woman and whispers in her ear. She immediately gets up and goes to her seat in the coach section.

The head stewardess asks the co-pilot in amazement what he said to get her to move to her correct seat.

The co-pilot replies, "I told her the front half of the airplane wasn't going to Jamaica."

Out of luck A guy named Joe finds himself in dire trouble.

His business has gone bust and he's in serious financial trouble. He's so desperate that he decides to ask God for help.

He begins to pray... "God, please help me. I've lost my business and if I don't get some money, I'm going to lose my house as well. Please let me win the lotto."

Lotto night comes and somebody else wins it.

Joe again prays... "God, please let me win the lotto! I've lost my business, my house and I'm going to lose my car as well".

Lotto night comes and Joe still has no luck.

Once again, he prays... "My God, why have you forsaken me?? I've lost my business, my house, and my car. My wife and children are starving. I don't often ask you for help and I have always been a good servant to you. PLEASE just let me win the lotto this one time so I can get my life back in order."

Suddenly there is a blinding flash of light as the heavens open and Joe is confronted by the voice of God Himself: "Joe, meet Me halfway on this. Buy a ticket!"

n a world that’s becoming increasingly complex, where success is driven not only by what you know, but by what you can do with what you know, it’s more important than ever for our youth to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to solve tough problems, gather and evaluate evidence, and make sense of information.

These are the types of skills that students learn by studying science, technology, engineering, and math—subjects collectively known as STEM. ---US Department of Education Unfortunately, STEM is an area that few girls are actively involved in at school, much less in the workplace; a situation that today’s educators and youth administrators hope to reverse.

STEM, it is important to encourage her to explore these fields. Try these simple steps: 1. Ask her about her plans for the future. Encourage her to explore fields of work that are nottraditionally associated with women.

2.If a girl expresses concern about getting messy or dirty, help her get past this “eek and yuck”response.

Encourage her to think “interesting” and “fascinating” rather than - or along with - “ew,gross.” Help her take small steps to become more comfortable with STEM content and materials.

Reflect with her about how some of the biggest messes or mistakes can lead to great discoveries. (TO BE CONTINUED) Whether your girl child

seems interested or not in

STORY TIME

Donkey of Hodja (A Mulla Nasruddin Hodja Story)

N

asruddin Hodja took his donkey to the market place and sold it for 30 dinars.

The man who bought it immediately put it up for auction.

"Look at this fine animal!" he shouted to passersby. "Have you ever seen a better specimen of a donkey? See how clean and strong it is!"

And he went on to list the many qualities of the animal. At the end of his sales talk a man said he would give 40 dinars for it.

Another man offered 50. A third offered 55.

Hodja who was watch-

ing was amazed at the interest everyone was showing in the donkey.

"What a fool I was to think it an ordinary animal," thought Hodja. "It is an incomparable beast, one in a million..." He sudden-

By Grammar G.

Fear this…

A phobia is considered an irrational fear of, horror or aversion to, something. The term came into English use by the 18th century from Greek phobos: “fear, panic fear, terror, outward show of fear; object of fear or terror”.

Its psychological sense was attested to by 1895, and brought about a slew of “phobia” prefixes; many unusual and unheard of but many medically certified.

Ablutophobia, a fear of washing or bathing, derives from Latin ablutere“to wash off"; from whence we have the word “ablution”, the act of washing oneself; sometimes in a ceremonial sense.

The more commonly known phobia, claustro-

phobia is a fear of confined spaces. It is said to have derived from Latin claustrum:“lock; bolt”.

It first known use is considered to have been in 1879.

The most common phobia in the world is said to be arachnophobia: a fear of spiders. Some 48 per cent of women and 12 per cent of men are said to have arachnophobia.

The term was first used in

ly realized that the owner had received a good offer and was about to close the bidding.

"75 dinars once..." said the man."75 dinars twice..."

"80 dinars!" said Hodja.

As a man thinketh Mind is the master power that moulds and makes, And we are Mind, and evermore we take The tool of thought, and shaping what we will, Bring forth a thousand joys, a thousand ills, We think in secret, and it comes to pass – Our world is but our looking glass.

-- James Allen 1925 (arachnid + phobia), derived from French arachnide (1806) or Modern Latin Arachnida, introduced as name for this class of arthropods in 1815 by French biologist Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck, from Greek arakhne (fem.) "spider; spider's web”.

See if you can guess what the following phobias are, and notice too their prefixes: Katsaridaphobia Isolophobia Gamophobia Hobophobia See answers on page 23

20 Sunday Times Magazine

NOVEMBER 6, 2016

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Times Sunday Puzzle

When you behead a word, you remove the first letter and still have a valid word. You will be given clues for the two words, longer word first.

Example: Begin - Sour, acidic. Answer: Start - Tart.

1. Skin problem; reckless - Fire by-product 2. One way of moving a boat - Requiring to pay 3. Loud noise - Used to move a boat 4. Used to steer a boat - Cow mammary gland 5. Distant - Display feelings openly 6. One who patrols a region - Strong displeasure 7. A connection among things - Feeling of joy and pride 8. Quick political change - Gradual biological change See ANSwErS on page 23

See SoLUTIon on page 23

See SoLUTIon on page 23

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 21

Times Kids

Creature Corner

GEOZONE

Sound

T

he Yellowline arrow crab, or simply arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis),is a spider-like species of marine crab that can be found along the shallow coral reefs of the Caribbean andin the tropical Atlantic Ocean, 3 to 9 m (10 to 30 ft.) down.

Averaging some 3 to 6 cm in length, what makes the arrow crab unusual is its extremely long legs and pointy head – hence its name. Its eight legs are extremely long: more than three times the length of its body.

During the day, the crab tends to hide

under ledges, sea fans, and on sponges but they are nocturnal scavengers.

They would also occasionally eat small worms and other tiny animals of their habitat.

Arrow crabs are sometimes kept as scavengers in salt water aquaria to control bristle worm growth, but cannot be kept with others of their kind as they are aggressively territorial.

Like most crabs, as they grow, they occasionally shed their exoskeleton, replacing it with a new one.

Colouring Fun

The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order.

Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order. Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all please see solution on page 23

digits 1 through 9.

Islands in Puget Sound

I

n geography, a sound is a wide inlet of the sea or ocean that is parallel to the coastline; it often separates a coastline from a nearby island. It is wider than a fjord.

One well known sound is Puget Sound in the northern part of Washington State, U.S.A. It was formed when melted ice turned into water and caused the level of the nearby Pacific Ocean to rise.

Some of the ocean water ran into

Maze Daze

the valleys and filled them with salt water. The filled valleys became a slim arm of the ocean reaching into the land. This slim body of water is now called Puget Sound.

Within the waters of Puget Sound are many islands. They are actually pieces of land left behind when the glaciers melted. Water surrounded these bits of land and they became islands.Many rivers flow down mountains and empty into Puget Sound.

22 Sunday Times Magazine The Plymouth Pilgrims didn't just wear black-and-white clothes. They wore clothes that were practical and sometimes colorful.

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Shipping news

PILGRIMS

Originally, the Pilgrims had planned to travel on two ships, the Mayflower and the Speedwell. But the Speedwell was deemed unseaworthy, and the Mayflower sailed alone.

By Laurie Triefeldt

The Mayflower was followed by three more ships that made their way to Plymouth: the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623.

The Pilgrim colonists were a small group of English Protestants known as Puritans. Seeking religious freedom, about 100 people boarded a ship called the Mayflower and sailed for America. These Separatists reached what is now Provincetown Harbor in 1620 and, after exploring the region, decided to build their colony at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.

What’s in a name?

In the early 1600s, many people were unhappy with the Protestant Church of England. They thought the church was too decadent and its rituals too formal. Some wanted to separate from the church and worship in a simpler way; they became known as Separatists.

Because the Separatists wanted to purify the church, they were also known as Puritans.

While the term Pilgrim may have been used to describe the Plymouth colonists, they were more commonly known as Founders or Forefathers.

Before America In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was against the law in England to belong to any church other than the Church of England. Weary of heavy fines and jail sentences, the Separatists fled to the Dutch Netherlands where they could worship freely. But it was difficult for the Puritans to adjust to life in Holland; work was scarce, and the language was a barrier. They decided the Americas would offer more opportunities. With the help of financial investors, a group of Puritan colonists readied themselves for a journey.

Boston (1630)

Wampanoag Capital

Narragansett Bay

Yet, despite these hardships, the Plymouth Colony of 1620 would become the second successful English settlement in America. The first was Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

The Mayflower was manned by 30 crew members.

Native Americans Although the Pilgrims occasionally saw native people on the shore and in the forests, they did not meet face to face until about four months after their arrival. The Pokanoket Wampanoag people welcomed the colonists and signed a peace treaty with them. One Wampanoag man named Tisquantum or Squanto had learned the English language when he was captured

by English sailors. Tisquantum managed to make his way home to Plymouth only to find his village had been wiped out by sickness. Tisquantum was especially helpful to the Pilgrims, teaching them many of the skills they would need to survive in the New World, including how to plant corn.

NEW YORK (1664) The area settled by the Pilgrims had been named Plimouth by John Smith on his 1614 mapping expedition.

Land disputed between Plymouth Colony and Rhode Island Colony.

Tisquantum negotiated and translated for Plymouth and tribal leaders.

John Smith 1580-1631

About a third of the 102 colonists who arrived on the shores of New England were English Separatists. The rest were colonists hoping for adventure, financial gain and a new life.

They decided to build their colony at Plymouth. But the Pilgrims were ill-prepared for the harsh winter, and their supplies were short. Weakened by scurvy and the bitter cold, many people got sick. Only 52 people survived that first year in Plymouth.

North Atlantic Ocean

Weymouth Scituate First landing of (1624) (1636) the Mayflower 9 MASSACHUSETTS 63 (1620) 1 Marshfield in BAY COLONY ted p (1640) o Duxbury (1630) ad er d (1637) r Bridgewater Bo Cape Cod (1656) Bay Taunton PLYMOUTH Provincetown Roger Williams’ (1639) COLONY Plymouth First Settlement (Nov. 21,1620) (1620) (Dec. 21 1620) Rehoboth Eastham (1645) Aptucxet Middleborough Trading (1646) Providence Post Sandwich (1669) (1629-1635) Swansea (1636) (1639) Yarmouth (1667) Freetown Rochester (1639) (1686) (1683) Barnstable Bristol (1650) (1682) Dartmouth Falmouth (1664) (1686) Buzzards RHODE Bay ISLAND 0 Miles 20 COLONY Little (1644) Compton 0 Km 20 Mount Hope (1682)

Settling in

It took the Mayflower 66 days to reach America. The colonists had hoped to settle in Jamestown, Virginia, or along the Hudson River in what is now New York, but the winds took them to Cape Cod instead. They landed at Provincetown on Nov. 21, 1620.

Hull (1622)

NOTE: Hull and Weymouth became part of Mass. Bay in 1630

The Mayflower was about 12 years old when it set sail for America with the Pilgrims. Before then, this now-famous merchantman ship was shipping wine.

Thanksgiving

The colonists were wellarmed with muskets, pistols and knives.

Wild turkey

In October of 1621, the Pilgrims celebrated their first harvest with a three-day feast. In gratitute for their help, the English invited the Wompanoag people to join in the festivities. This famous celebration became the basis for the story of the first Thanksgiving.

Today, Thanksgiving is celebrated in the United States on the fourth Thursday in November. In Canada, it is celebrated on the second Monday of October.

Here to stay As time passed, other settlements were established in New England.

In 1691, Plymouth became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

A growing colony Pokanoket chief Metacom

Over the next few years, more and more English colonists arrived. By 1627, Plymouth Colony had grown into a stable and comfortable community of about 160 people.

Bloody King Philip’s War Over the years, as other European settlers arrived on the shores of New England, the relationship between the colonists and the native people became strained. Occasional fighting erupted, but the violence would escalate into a terrible and bloody war in 1675. Led by a chief called Metacom, also known as King Philip, the New England natives attacked many of the English settlements, but ultimately failed in their attempt to dislodge the settlers.

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 23

Times World

Researchers unseal Australia's dirtiest assumed tomb of Christ power station to close F

O

Australia's dirty coal-fired Hazelwood power station

ne of the world's dirtiest power plants, the coal-

fired Hazelwood station in Australia, is to close in March of next year, with

Answer

Katsaridaphobia: fear of cockroaches Gamophobia: fear of marriage Isolophobia: fear of solitude, being alone.

Hobophobia: fear of vagrants

Brain Teaser Answer 1. Rash - Ash 2. Rowing - Owing 3. Roar - Oar 4. Rudder - Udder 5. Remote - Emote 6. Ranger - Anger 7. Relation - Elation 8. Revolution - Evolution

SUDOKU

KID SUDOKU

CROSSWORD

environmentalists welcoming its demise. The plant has been in operation since the 1960s.

Australia's dirty coalfired Hazelwood power station in the La Trobe Valley near Melbourne, and an adjoining mine in the state of Victoria, would close in March 2017, the French company in charge of the station and the mine, Engie, announced Thursday.

Reports said some 500 people were set to lose their jobs, with another 250 remaining until 2023 to manage the decommissioning of the power station and rehabilitation of the mine site.

The 1,600-megawatt Hazelwood plant has been producing electricity by burning coal since the 1960s. It generates 5.4 percent of Australia's electricity supply and 25 percent for the state of Victoria while arguably being one of the most polluting power stations in the world.

Engie Australia's CEO Alex Keisser said the company had reached the point where it was no longer economic to operate. The announcement came as the firm sought to concentrate solely on low-carbon projects for power generation, renewable energy and natural gas.

Activist group Environment Victoria, which had protested against the Hazelwood plant for about a decade, said the decision to close it was "long overdue but still a good outcome."

It argued the closure would help decrease carbon emissions by 3 percent in Australia.

The country has one of the highest per capita emissions of carbon dioxide in the world.

It depends on coal for more than two-thirds of its electricity needs.

(Deutsche Welle)

or just 60 hours, researchers had the opportunity to examine the holiest site in Christianity.

The most venerated site in the Christian world, the tomb alleged to be holding the remains of the Christian religious figure of Jesus,today consists of a limestone shelf or burial bed that was hewn from the wall of a cave.

Since at least 1555, and most likely centuries earlier, the burial bed has been covered in marble cladding, allegedly to prevent eager pilgrims from removing bits of the original rock as souvenirs.

When the marble cladding was first removed on the night of October 26, an initial inspection by the conservation team from the National Technical University of Athens showed only a layer of fill material underneath.

However, as researchers continued their nonstop work over the course of 60 hours, another marble slab with a cross carved into its surface was exposed.

By the night of October 28, just hours before the tomb was to be resealed, the original limestone burial bed was revealed intact.

Researchers have continued their investigation into the site where the body of Jesus Christ is traditionally believed to have been buried, and their preliminary findings appear to confirm that portions of the tomb are still present today, having survived centuries of damage, destruction, and reconstruction of the surrounding Church of the Holy Sepulchre

A restorer removes debris beneath a broken marble slab to expose the original rock surface of what is considered the burial place of Jesus

in Jerusalem's Old City.

"I'm absolutely amazed.

My knees are shaking a little bit because I wasn't expecting this,� said Fredrik Hiebert, National Geographic's archaeologist-in-residence. "We can't say 100 percent, but it appears to be visible proof that the location of the tomb has not shifted through time, something that scientists and historians have wondered for decades."

In addition, researchers confirmed the existence of the original limestone cave walls within the 18th-century Aedicule, or shrine, which encloses the tomb. A window has been cut into the southern interior wall of the shrine to expose one of the cave walls.

"This is the Holy Rock that has been revered for centuries, but only now can actually be seen," said Chief Scientific Supervisor Professor Antonia Moropoulou, who is directing the conservation and restoration of the Edicule.

While it is archaeologically impossible to say that the tomb recently uncovered in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the burial site of an individual Jew known as Jesus of Nazareth, there is indirect evidence to suggest that the identification of the site by representatives of the Roman emperor Constantine some 300 years later may be a reasonable one.

According to Dan Bahat, former city archaeologist of Jerusalem, "We may not be absolutely certain that the site of the Holy Sepulchre Church is the site of Jesus' burial, but we certainly have no other site that can lay a claim nearly as weighty, and we really have no reason to reject the authenticity of the site.�

The burial bed has since been resealed in its original marble cladding and may not be exposed again for centuries or even millennia. (Source: National Geographic News)

24

Sunday Times Magazine

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NOVEMBER 6, 2016

Fun Times

Archie

ARIES A steady pace will help (March 21- you reach your goal. Someone April 19) will reach out to you for help.

Proceed with caution. Focus on the ones you love, not on outsiders.

You'll have too many TAURUS choices and not enough time.

(April 20- Take care of your responsiMay 20) bilities quickly so you can do the things you enjoy most.

Stay within your budget.

Travel, communication GEMINI and adventure should all be (May 21- in the works. Sharing someJune 20) thing special with a loved one

will improve your relationship.

Romance, self-improvement and relaxation are encouraged.

Plan to have some fun.

CANCER Taking a day trip or attend(June 21- ing a cultural event will July 22) spark your imagination and lead to an encounter with someone who inspires you to try something new.

LEO

Your emotions will surface if someone says something derog(July 23atory.

Take constructive critiAug. 22) cism for what it's worth. Focus on self-improvements and romance. Focus on affection to offset a dispute.

Dilbert

Participate in community VIRGO events or family get-togethers.

(Aug. 23Sharing your thoughts, feelSept. 22) ings and plans for the future will lead to an insightful response and will spur the motivation you need to make things happen.

LIBRA You'll be inclined to over(Sept. 23- react, indulge and spend more Oct. 23) than you should. Step back and listen to reason before you do something you'll regret. Offer love and affection, and avoid chaos and discord.

Peanuts

SCORPIO Don't take on too much.

(Oct. 24- Stay focused on what's imNov. 22) portant and will bring you the best return. Sticking to a budget and your plan will help prevent loss.

Someone from your past SAGITTARIUS will provide you with perti(Nov. 23nent information that will Dec. 21) encourage you to make a personal change. Organization and preparation will discourage setbacks or delays.

Calvin and Hobbes

Do something unusual; CAPRICORN it doesn't have to cost a lot.

(Dec. 22- Try visiting a place you've Jan. 19) never been before or indulging in a topic or activity that interests you. Awaken the spirit within.

Don't let an opportuniAQUARIUS ty slip through your fingers.

(Jan. 20- Initiate the change you want Feb. 19) to see happen. A dream can turn into reality if you are moderate and hardworking.

PISCES Get your strategy down (Feb. 20- pat and be ready to finish Mar. 20) what you start no matter what obstacles you face. If you listen to your intuition instead of your emotions, you'll make a wise choice.