Guyana Times Sunday Magazine

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Times May 22, 2016

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Celebrating Page 7 50 years of Guyana’s independence Eternal glory to the torch bearers of our struggle for freedom in 1966

A place in our nation

The fight for Page 3 Guyana’s Independence

A place in our nation

Page 4 Into Independence

2 Sunday Times Magazine

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MAY 22, 2016

Times Feature

M

ay 26, 1966 was Independence Day in Guyana: the day the country officially received self-rule.

From May 22 to 29, it was called Independence Week, and it was a week of many celebrations, dances, dinners and sporting activities.

The first day of Independence Week was called a “Day of National Reflection and Intercession”, and there were prayers services all across the country in mosques, temples and churches.

In Georgetown, the British Guiana Volunteer Force gave a farewell parade and “laying-up of colours”.

They would give way to the Guyana Defence Force, our national army. By mid-morning, there was the official ceremony for the unveiling of the Independence Arch on Brickdam.

While the official flag-raising service was conducted with much pomp and ceremony at the National Park in Georgetown, many villages, towns, and communities created their own independence memories during independence week and on Independence Day. Witnessing the historic occasion at the National

Independence Float Parade (Stabroek News file photo)

Park in the city were the Duke and Duchess of Kent, Sir Richard Luyt, the first GovernorGeneral of Guyana, along with Minister of Overseas Development Anthony Greenwood and other dignitaries, and more than 60 delegates from 47 countries.

A spectacular pyrotechnic display was one of

the highlights of the occasion, thanks to the services of the Brooks Brothers Ltd. of London, who also provided the firework images of a map of Guyana, the Guyana flag, Kaieteur Falls, and a portrait of Prime Minister Forbes Burnham.

Then on the morning of May 26, the Constitutional instruments were ceremo-

Ceremony held at the Guyana Independence Arch on May 22, 1966 to unveil the plaque on the base of the Arch

niously handed over to Burnham by the Duke of Kent at the Parliament Buildings, to formally confer Guyana’s independence.

Former Colonial Governors Sir Charles Woolley and Sir Ralph Grey were present for the occasion.

Besides flag-raising in the capital, there was also a week of private and open parties, Float Parades, tramps around

the city, and pageantries throughout the country.

One of the highlights included the Water Pageant on the Demerara River, and the Historical Pageant at the National Park.

At Kabukari in the Pomeroon, the new Guyana flag was raised at 10 am on May 26, 1966.

The Guyana flag was also raised at Charity, Anna Regina, and Suddie, as well as at Hamburg, Tiger

Island. Fireworks and tramping added to the jubilations.

The independence programmes in Mackenzie, Wismar and Christianburg included a candle light parade before the flag-raising ceremony and after religious services, and later during the day there was a regatta.

Coinciding with the Duke and Duchess of Kent’s visit to the community on May 27, there was the laying of the cornerstone of the Mackenzie Community Pavilion.

Dinner and dances, sporting events, church services and a tramp were also part of the celebrations.

Berbice celebrations included a lighted torch run in addition to the flag-raising ceremony. Sam Shepard, New Amsterdam’s marathon champion, and the town’s schoolboy champ, Clifford La Rose, ran a 5-mile, two-leg relay around the town and back to the District Administration’s office compound.

It was at the compound too that then Minister of Trade W.O.R. Kendall, hoisted the Golden Arrowhead for flag-raising ceremonies. Additionally, the Royal Air Force (RAF) staged a fly-past and a brief air show over New Amsterdam.

Lowering the British flag (left) to hoist the Golden Arrowhead (right) at the Independence Day ceremony, May 26, 1966

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MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

3

Times Feature

A place in our nation

Cheddi Jagan (1918 -1997) The portrait of Dr. Jagan was unveiled in the National Assembly at the Parliament Buildings, March 22, 2005 (Jagan.org)

“I

longed for some form of identification…

I wanted to identify myself with the real hard world around me.”So began Cheddi Jagan’s journey into politics in Guyana that ultimately led to the country’s independence from Britain and a widely held perception of him as the “Father of the nation” among many Guyanese.

Jagan’s life’s journey began March 22, 1918 on a sugar plantation in Port Mourant, Berbice as the son of Indian indentured sugar workers.His mother, Bachoni, and father,Jagan, had arrived as infants with their mothers from Basti in Uttar Pradesh, India to what was then the colony of British Guiana.

Jagan, the eldest of six boys and five girls for his parents, attended primary school and two years of secondary school in the Port Mourant area, often absent from school to help in the rice and cane fields.

However, at 15 he was sent to the Georgetown to attend Queen’s College, the premiere educational institute on the colony at the time.There he excelled as a student, debater and batsman.

Lodging with families while in the city, Jagan graduated from Queen’s

College but was unable to get a well-paying job, particularly within the civil service. Under colonial rule, only Christian school teachers were accepted. His parents strongly rejected any notion of his conversion from Hindu or returning to work on the plantations, so his father sent him to the US to study dentistry.

Cheddi Jagan left Guyana at age 17 and lived in Washington, D.C for two years, attending Howard University for a pre-medical program, majoring in dentistry. At the university, his early grades enabled him to receive a scholarship for his second year there.

Having to provide his own finances while studying, Jagan worked two summers in New York at various jobs then entered Northwestern University Dental School in 1938,under a four-year scholarship. Interested in worldwide events, Jagan also took courses in social sciences.

He graduated from Northwestern University in 1942 with his degree in Dental Surgery (DDS), and his Bachelor of Sciences (B.Sc.) degree.

Not long before returning home, he married JewishAmerican Janet Rosenberg.

The marriage took place without the consent of both

of their parents, but in October 1943 he returned to Guyana, and Janet arrived just before Christmas of that same year. They would have two children.

He immediately began establishing a dental clinic and after a few hiccups, his practice soon spread by word-of-mouth, partially due to his low fees, which brought him into conflict with the colony’s Dental Association.

Interacting with many sugar workers while in his practice, Jagan soon earned a reputation as a doctor who listened to ordinary people. On many occasions he would be invited by workers to speak and advise them on industrial matters on various sugar estates and in communities.

Due to his increased contact with workers, he became involved in the two trade unions in the sugar industry, one of them the Manpower Citizen’s Association. At the time British Guiana had no political parties, though the British Guiana Labour Union (BGLU), established in 1922, would on behalf of workers, speak in the planter class-dominated legislative Council that administered the colony.

In 1945 he became treasurer of the Manpower Citizen’s Association, but was removed after a year when he objected to the union not defending sugar workers’ interests.

In 1946, Jagan formed the labour-oriented Political Affairs Committee (PAC)

islature since World War II were held, and Jagan ran as an independent labour candidate on the East Coast of Demerara. At only 29-years-old,he won a seat in the legislature to become the youngest member of the council.

He later described his seat in the legislature as “…an end of sorts, yet in fact only the beginning of the long, hard struggle ahead.”

The following years saw Jagan practically alone in his struggle to break the stranglehold the planter class had on the legislative council and thus on the administration and economy of British Guiana.

But it was the June 16, 1948 Enmore killings that greatly affected his path in Guyanese politics. In his formative book “The West on Trial” (1966), he reveals that while at the funeral of the victims he “… made a silent pledge – I would dedicate my entire life to the cause of the struggle of the Guyanese people against bondage and exploitation.”

He formed the People’s Progressive Party (PPP) in January 1950, with LFS Burnham its chairman, Janet Jagan its general secretary and himself as leader of the PPP. It was the first modern political organization in the colony.

Soon, the PPP’s persistent legislative, political and

Cheddi Jagan meeting with Levi Eshkol during a visit to Israel in 1961 (Wikipedia)

nine wards.

For Jagan, the party’s biggest triumph up to that time was constitutional as it had managed to achieve a recommendation by the Waddington Constitution Commission, which visited late 1950, for universal adult suffrage and a ministerial system.

His achievements brought even more pressure on him by the ruling class, and Jagan soon found himself banned from certain places in British Guiana, banned from making public speeches and also banned from entering some British

A meeting with US President John F Kennedy in 1961 to discuss independence and other issues affecting the colony (JFK Library archive)

with H.J.M Hubbard, at the time general secretary of the British Guiana Trades Union Council, Ashton Chase, assistant secretary in the BGLU and Janet Jagan then in the Clerical Workers Union.

In 1947, the first elections in the colonial leg-

industrial activities led to more workers awareness of their ability to agitate for improvement. This led to gains such as an increased daily minimum wage, industry concessions, and success at its first Municipal Elections in Georgetown where the party won three of

West Indies territories.

Not long after, colonial authorities sought to ban what they termed “subversive” literature and, under the guise of a lack of relevant import licences, several crates of books he had brought from England were seized and burned.

Jagan also attended a Caribbean Conference as a representative of the British Guiana Legislative Council and proposed a motion calling for independence of all colonial territories so that “the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government.”

In 1951 he arrived in the United Kingdom not only to attend a World Youth Festival in Berlin but also to begin discussions with the British Colonial Office about independence for British Guiana.

This would all lead to the 1953 general elections, which became the first elections under adult suffrage for the Guyanese people.

In a historic election that saw an almost 75 per cent voter turnout, the PPP won 18 of the 24 seats, but it was here that Burnham’s dispute with Jagan appeared.The new government was led

by Jagan as Chief Minister.

Real power, however, continued to reside in the hands of the British.

Though the PPP were in office,they did not have real power to implement the changes they saw were needed; they did however make some changes in the educational system, reform to local government, gave more rights to farmers, increased rates for workers, and improved drainage and irrigation to boost agriculture.

Planters and the colonial authorities festered under a PPP in office, eventually claiming that Jagan’s party exhibited Communist tendencies, so that on Oct. 9, 1953 the British sent troops into British Guiana, suspended the constitution, discontinued on page 9

4

Sunday Times Magazine

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MAY 22, 2016

Times Feature A place in our nation

Into Independence L

inden Forbes Sampson Burnham was independent Guyana’s first prime minister (1966-1980) whose 21 years of rule (1964-66 as premier of British Guiana; executive president from 1980-85) has been the subject of often contentious debate. His legacy has meant different things to different people, with the only agreement being that not everyone can agree on his true legacy.

Forbes Burnham was born Feb. 20, 1923 in Pike Street, Kitty, then a village just outside Georgetown, the capital city. The son of James Burnham, a schoolmaster, and Rachael Burnham, Linden Forbes would include his mother’s maiden name (Sampson) in his title, and become known also as LFS Burnham.

One of three children, he attended the Kitty Methodist School(later renamed the JE Burnham Primary School after his father who taught there for

People’s Progressive Party (PPP) together with Cheddi Jagan, which was established Jan. 1, 1950 and was agitating for self-rule. He was appointed chairman and Jagan PPP leader. He had also been to Jamaica in 1949 to study the work of the Jamaican People’s National Party (PNP), which had largely influenced his and Jagan’s formation of the PPP. Together in 1953 they won 18 of 24 seats in the first election sanctioned by the colonial government.

Burnham served as education minister while Jagan became premier. However, according to Jessie Burnham in an article entitled ‘Beware my brother Forbes’, Burnham’s goal was to become “…Leader or nothing” of the PPP. Whether this goal, dishonoured promises or the political direction of the PPP caused the split between Burnham and Jagan remains a matter of intense dispute between his sup-

misrule”, and “racial cleavage and racial antagonism”.

A year later, in the midst of discussions for independence from Britain, Burnham retained a state of emergency as countrywide unrest over perceived injustices by some sections of the population steadily occurred.

Discussions for independence had begun Nov. 2, 1965 between the PNC-UF coalition government and Britain, boycotted by the Opposition PPP. On Nov. 7, it was declared that Guyana would be granted independence on May 26, 1966.

Burnham returned to a hero’s welcome in Guyana by his supporters, though his critics suggest his coalition government had flipflopped on its policy towards independence when it came into office, since it had opposed Independence when in Opposition. The PNC-UF Opposition had held the position that independence not be granted under a PPP government.

Forbes Burnham receiving the constitutional instruments designating Guyana an independent nation at a mid-morningThursday, May26, 1966 ceremonyin the Parliament Chambers (Caribbean Elections)

almost 40 years), Central High School and Queen’s College (1935) in pursuit of an education that saw him excel to earn government scholarships, including the British Guiana Scholarship (1942).

However, the Second World War prevented him from attending university abroad,which led to external tutorage for a degree from the University of London. He obtained his law degree from Gray’s Inn (London) after the war.

While in England, Burnham added more accolades to his educational endeavours, including president of the West Indian Student Union and the recipient of the Best Speaker’s Cup (Gray’s Inn) in 1947.

He was called to the Bar in 1948.

Burnham returned to Guyana in 1949 to form the

porters and opponents, but in 1955 Burnham left the PPP, though some scholars say he was expelled, and founded the People’s National Congress (PNC) that became the Opposition, contesting the 1964 general elections.

At the Dec. 14, 1964 elections, held under a new constitution, the PNC won with a coalition government comprising the United Force (UF). Burnham became premier and UF leader, Peter D'Aguiar, was named minister of finance, one of four UF cabinet ministers out of 12.

In his inaugural speech as premier, Burnham noted that the attainment of independence was one of the most important tasks of his government, while acknowledging the divisive population, which he claimed was a result of colonialism, years of “mismanagement and

It was also in 1965 that, with massive grants from the US and European Community (EC), the coalition began focusing on improving infrastructure with the construction of roads and an improved airport. The Linden/Soesdyke Highway, begun in 1966, was officially opened in 1969.

After independence, and at the helm of a newly independent state, Burnham, who then took the title of prime minister,immediately embarked on what he called “participatory democracy” which entailed excursions to communities and neighbourhoods where he is said to have hoped to instil a spirit of peace, patriotism and cooperation among Guyanese.

His calls for self-help led to a self-help movement that saw many villages and

Attending discussions for Guyana’s independence. From left: Neville Bissember, Winifred Gaskin, Llewelyn John, Forbes Burnham, Eugene Correia and Mr. Hugh M.E. Cholmondeley (1966) (Caribbean Elections)

communities develop themselves by building their own homes or buildings of importance to their community. This later led to the notion of self-reliance, where communities responded to the Burnham government’s “Feed, clothe and house ourselves” and “Be local, buy local” campaigns.

Burnham also officially declared several religious holidays to honour the different religious groups in Guyana, some previously disregarded by colonial authorities. This it is claimed was a result of his efforts to establish national respect for religious and cultural differences.

That the Burnham government leant toward a Socialist ideal was evident by the following year of independence, and it has been suggested as one of the reasons for the eventual dissolution of the PNC-UF coalition government, so that by the time of the 1968 elections it was the Burnhamled PNC alone that went to the polls.

At the 1968 elections, widely regarded as fraudulent by mostly non-supporters, the Burnham-led government was re-elected and Burnham’s previous economic policies were transformed to the widely socialist ideology of collectives and cooperatives, as well as the need for state-control in order to more efficiently serve the masses.

A common phrase attributed to Burnham is the desire of his to make “the small man the real man” by implementing state oversight of all industries to ensure social and economic equality. This idea of cooperatives led to the adoption of the name “Cooperative Republic of Guyana” in a 1970 Constitution of the Republic.

Burnham began to establish social transformations such as increased construction of housing schemes and the construction of cultural edifices such as the Umana Yana. His resolve to boost national pride led to the commissioning of national monuments such as the

1763 Monument.

Burnham also introduced government institutions such as the National Insurance Scheme (NIS) in 1969 and several cooperative banks.His era saw the construction of the Demerara Harbour Bridge, Canje Bridge, McKenzie/ Wismar Bridge and the Mahaica, Mahaicony, Abary (MMA) water control pump station and sluice.

He declared free education from nursery to university, and established Cyril Potter College of Education, National School of Dance and Burrowes School of Arts. He also introduced multilateral and community high schools, and, just before he died, established President’s College.

By 1980, Burnham had created a new constitution which, among other things, made him Guyana’s first executive president; a title he maintained up to his death.

As some 80 - 90 per cent of the Guyanese economy

was under state rule by the late 1970s due to Burnham’s socialist policies, by the early 1980s an economic crisis that had begun in 1973 increased and variously created and led to unpopular measures decreed by Burnham, which included banning many essential imported items.

Burnham regarded their importation as a restriction to promoting and encouraging his “Be local, buy local” initiatives, thus making Guyanese more reliant on foreign-made commodities.

By banning importation of some items, Burnham sought to encourage local industries and capacity building, to attain self-reliance for soaps, flours, toothpastes, oil (from rice bran) and school books, to name a few.

This was never achieved, and his political determinations became more unpopular as the economic crisis deepened and more continued on page 23

LFS Burnham (1923 -1985) (Caribbean Elections)

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MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 5

Times Women

‘Cooking healthy with nature’s bounty’

A

dding a delicious twist to traditional ground provisions meals, Sabrina Panday’s “Provisions: Cooking Healthy with Nature's Bounty” inaugural cookbook is simple to use with appetizing recipes tested in her own kitchen.

As a little girl growing up in Guyana, and as with most Guyanese, Sabrina came to know ground provisions as a collection of various root vegetables. Her interest in cooking and food exploration led her to research through many cookbooks for a collection of recipes dedicated to ground provisions, but did not find one.

Consequently, the idea was born to create a cookbook that explored different cuisines, from home and abroad, using staples and vegetables grown and available in the Caribbean.

In an interview with Sunday Times Magazine, Sabrina said the word "provisions" means to provide or supply something, especially of food or other necessities preparing in advance to meet the dietary needs.

Based on this concept, the cookbook was compiled.

There are over 40 recipes with “simple” instructions.

Sabrina has worked as a flight attendant, been a model and dancer, and now

Handing over a copy to Tourism Minister Cathy Hughes (left)

works in marketing and managing various sports projects. She was employed with the ICC T20 World Cup organisation and now the Caribbean Premier League.

Additionally, she is a florist, events decorator and now a published author.

This culinary venture is a new path for Sabrina, who has approximately 20 years of culinary experience. She

mentioned that although she is not a chef, her experience and business background aided in the success of her cookbook. What is notable, too, is that she personally designed and compiled the cookbook, which is why she refers to it as her “baby”.

“When you do what you love it’s no longer work. My love for cooking since I was

a child inspired me to publish this cookbook – a project I wanted to do for a very long time and a dream come through. While I was growing up I was given cookbooks as gifts, and as I got older my collection grew. Also, my eldest brother Imtiaz Ali Panday, who has passed on, was very instrumental in life, teaching me most of the things I know, that is why I dedicated this book to him,” Sabrina recalled.

Losing her parents at age 12, Sabrina had to learn to be a grownup, although she was the youngest of her siblings. Her eldest brother taught her to cook, among other vital life skills. For his contribution, Sabrina dedicated “Provisions: Cooking Healthy with Nature's Bounty” to him.

The recipes, according to Sabrina, were all tested in her kitchen so readers can rest assured that they will create delicious meals the entire family will love. The photos in the cookbook were also taken by Sabrina as she made the meals in her kitchen.

“What’s notable about this cookbook is that it appeals to vegetarians and gluten free enthusiasts, something I did unintentionally.

It’s a twist on what can be done with ground provisions other than the traditional

Sabrina Panday

recipes we know. I have received positive feedback, locally and internationally and my dream for this cookbook is for it to be worldwide,” she declared.

Sabrina has a contagious positive attitude, which she credits to being “bold and fearless and never underestimating oneself”. Yoga and meditation, she pointed out, have also helped her to be a

successful individual.

Sabrina Panday’s “Provisions: Cooking Healthy with Nature's Bounty” is available at Guyana Stores, Austin’s Bookstore, Giftland Mall and at various hotels. It is also available online on Amazon. To find out more, visit Sabrina Panday on Facebook.

6 Sunday Times Magazine

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MAY 22, 2016

Times Book World

The Shaping of Guyanese Literature

Golden Years of Guyanese Literature

Renown Guyanese poet Martin Carter (1927-1997)

By Petamber Persaud

B

y the time, the Golden Arrowhead replaced the Union Jack on May 26, 1966, many of our writers had already gained a foothold in world literature. It would be useful to remember that the vehicle responsible for such exploit was the British literary tradition,to which our local literature was hitched over a long period.

However, that pervading colonial influence lost some ground in the 1940s with the rise of Guyanese intellectualism and birth of political awarenessgiving rise to a Guyanese literature consolidated and given validation through the 1950s and 1960s, looking towards independence and the future.

Two writers whose work encapsulates that shift were Edgar Mittelholzer’s “Kaywana Trilogy”, covering more than300 years of Guyana’s history from slavery to the birth of democracy, and Martin Carter’s Poems (of resistance, of succession, and of affinity).

Poems of pride in coun-

try from the pens of A. J. Seymour, Cyril Madray Kanhai and numerous others formed part of the equation of giving validity to a Guyanese identity and sovereignty.

After Independence, there was a marked increase in publications by Guyanese writers, both from the established and the emerging ones, both from the locals and those in the diaspora.

There are many contributing factors to this upsurge in writings by Guyanese on Guyana. Enabling features of this novel literature could be found in the mushrooming of literary organizations, founding of literary magazines, publications of anthologies, offering of literary prizes, recognition of women writers and the opening of performance venues.

Publishing

Self-publishing was a notable feature of the post-Independence period. Sheik Sadeek was a pioneer in this field. The Guyanese Writers and Artists Association and other entities like the Free

Press, Release Publishers, Demerara Publishers, and Red Thread Women’s Press made significant contributions in this area.

Overseas publishing houses also started taking a healthy interest in local writers, with the most notable contribution coming from Peepal Tree Press. The Caribbean Press, instituted under a former president, Bharrat Jagdeo, in less than a decade of operation published over seventy Guyanese titles of rare books and contemporary writing.

The situation for publishing has changed but not significantly to effect a shift away from self-publishing. In fact, the digital age has enhanced self-publishing.

Organizations

The liberation of the imagination in our writers was harnessed and streamlined with the formation of organizations like the PEN Guyana Writers Group, the Annandale Group of Writers, the Pavements Poets, the Messenger Group and the Culture Corp of the Guyana National Service; Mahadai Das was perhaps the Corp’s best known poetess.

Later, in the new millennium, many other literary organizations like the Association of Guyanese Writers and Artists, Janus, and Writers in Concert (WICK) were formed.

As time went by, the convergence of writers through those organizations extended the debate/discussion on current issues, to include a wide cross section of society for whom the writers were supplying new words/phrases to address new experiences.

New experiences of this era included estrangement and the quest for harmony, which were dealt with by writers like Jan Shinebourne, Sasenarine Persaud,

Harischandra Khemraj, Grace Nichols, Roy Heath and Narmala Shewcharan, among others.

Magazines

Magazines like Kaie, Kykover-Al, New World, Dawn, Heritage, Plexus, Expression, the Arts Journal and the Guyana Annual, offered intermediate avenues for showcasing emerging writers; some were responsible for launching the career of many writers who have gone on to international recognition.

Anthologies

Anthologies acted as yardsticks to the nation’s literary development and as bookkeepers of the nation’s invaluable literary heritage. Some prominent anthologies included “Guianese Poetry”, edited by N. E. Cameron (1931), “An Anthology of Local Indian Verse” edited by C. E. J. Ramcharitar-Lalla (1934) and “They Came in Ships”, published in 1988.

Prizes

The Guyana Prize for Literature, initiated by the late President Desmond Hoyte in 1987, was another defining moment in our literary heritage. Some recent winners, like Ruel Johnson, Subraj Singh, Ryhaan Shah and a few writers like Oonya Kempadoo will be a force to be reckoned with in the near and not too distant future.

We must not diminish the importance of another literary prize – the Jagan Gold Medal for Literature offered during 1950s and 1960s.

Performance venues

Caribbean Festival of Arts (Carifesta), founded by the late President Forbes Burnham, added a new major performance venue – the National Cultural Centre, to existing ones created by various forms of the performing arts, and poetry reading. The Theatre Guild, founded in 1957, was for decades the major performance venue.

Cover of local magazine, Kyk-over-Al

the Anthony Sabga Caribbean Award for Arts and Letters.

Literary studies

Academics from around the world have and are continuing to do dissertations on our literature, namely on the work of Martin Carter, Wilson Harris, Jan Carew, Edgar Mittelholzer, David Dabydeen, Cyril Dabydeen, Sasenarine Persaud, among others.

I am sure that in the near future, local resident academics will take as much pride in our literature and do us proud. It is imperative to have the scholarship alongside the creative literature.

Fifty years in life of a nation’s literature is not a very long time but we have achieved much, far too much

to do justice to in this short paper. But when we string these bits and pieces together, we would find, without a doubt, that we have indeed produced a solid core of writing that we can proudly call Guyanese literature.

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@yahoo.com What’s happening: Coming Soon: “Made in Guyana” by Petamber Persaud is a pocketbook bursting with a wealth of information and pictures on people, places and events, and on things made in Guyana.

Check the media for a barrage of books to be launched soon.

The Indigenous voice

The indigenous voice, which was stifled for a long while, starting supplying new nuances to mainstream literature. See the encroachment of the environment, its beauty, its destruction, and its recovery in the poetry of David Campbell, Basil Rodrigues and Edwina Melville.

Women writers

A glorious manifestation of this post-Independence period was the emergence of female writings, enriching the literary landscape from a different perspective. Our women writers also grabbed world attention. In poetry, Grace Nichols won the Commonwealth Prize, in fiction, Pauline Melville the Whitbread Prize, and Karen King-Aribisala the Commonwealth Prize; in drama, Paloma Mohamed won

Jacket of Edgar Mittelholzer’s Lectures Vol. 1, published by The Caribbean Press

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MAY 22 , 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 7

Times Heritage

Eternal glory to the torch bearers of our struggle for freedom in 1966

Isahak Basir, CCH

By Isahak Basir, CCH

T

he British government took our Guyana from Dutch occupancy in 1803 and established three colonies. These colonies were governed by separate Governors appointed by the British Colonial Office. Guyana, until 1950, was a territory for enslaved semi-slave labourers who were taken unceremoniously from Central Africa, China, Portugal and India.

Under this colonial rule, the means of production, distribution, exchange and infrastructure were executed by British personnel.

Guyana’s population was

progressive minded people, one of whom was the son of an indentured labourer, the late Dr Cheddi Jagan.

Jagan, an Americantrained dentist, is regarded as the icon of our independence struggle for Guyana’s independence. But this was not a one man struggle, as such Janet Jagan, Aston Chase, Joycelyn Hubbard, Sydney King, E.M.G Wilson and trade unionist Hubert Nathaniel Critchlowcame on board and set the spark for freedom that spread like wild fire across the terrains of Guyana.

The contingent grew stronger when a British trained Barrister entered

First Prime Minister of an independent Guyana, L.F.S. Burnham (right) and Guyana's first Governor GeneralSir Richard Luyt shake hands after the Union Jack was taken down and the Golden Arrowhead raised on May 26, 1966

used to produce sugar, molasses, rum, cotton, coffee, gold, bauxite, balata and cattle for British’s super profits. Nothing was left for Guyana’s political, economic, social and cultural development. With a special elite group, Guyana was under the servitude of the British Empire. With this episode of semi-slave society, culture invoked the wrath of some

the road march for freedom.

This intellectual icon was Linden Forbes Burnham, whose power of using the English language, caused an uproar in the British Parliament, that he was ordained the best orator in the Caribbean.

By 1950, the political party People’s Progressive Party (PPP) was promulgated under the leadership

of Jagan. This organization, with its emissaries in all the districts, mountains and rivers, created this mind-set for genuine social political and economic freedom to build a society free from discrimination and want.

However, Jagan’s working class ideology and vision for a free Guyana met with some strong opposition from the British and local lackeys and the philosophy of 1823 Monroe Doctrine. Jagan’s struggle led to the right of one man vote at the age of 21 years for the first time in Guyana in 1953. Prior to that time, only the upper class had the right to vote.

Forbes Burnham became the first elected Prime Minister of Education in the People’s Progressive Party led Government in 1953.

His vision for free education for all is a manifestation of privilege of this present Guyanese society.

The young and vibrant lawyer, Forbes Burnham, took a new approach in a new direction to end up at this “same goal” for independence, and Guyana’s vision for a socialist-oriented society. His political counterparts were Peter Stanislaus D'Aguiar, Winifred Gaskin, Rupert Tellow, Dr P.R. Reid,Llewellyn John and Lionel Luckhoo.

However, between the periods of 1957 to 1964, the PPP Government set the pace for paid changes in education, transport, health, housing and communication.

Some of these were land development schemes, new ferries, electrification, secondary schools, health centres and roads from sugar slavery, logies, punt trench water, calabash utensils, mud floor house and ward mentality implicated by freedom to a new vision of hope.

The bell has trolled and a new day has come, it was the May 26, 1966, when the garland of freedom was bequeathed to Burnham on behalf of the Guyanese nation.

On that historical day, the father of our political emancipation, Cheddi Jagan stood side by side with Forbes Burnham and very ceremoniously addressed the nation in glorious terms, while the Union Jack was replacedby our Golden Arrowhead – our National Flag. Our national anthem also replaced the Queen’s Anthem, and our motto remains a building force of our multi-ethnic society – never to be divided by those who choose to tarnish our real zeal for freedom and unity.

The pre-independence struggle saw the covert work of the American

Crowds watch a parade celebrating independence (May 29, 1966)

Central Intelligence Agency in Guyana to undermine an elected Government under Cheddi Jagan’s administration. The Burnhamled Government invited the wrath of a privilege religious group in the Rupununi in 1968.

By 1976, the Venezuelan threat and Cabana Air Disaster were desperate efforts to destabilise Guyana.

The visionary and political patriot, Jagan, saw the agents of destabilization. As such, in 1975, in the interest of our Sovereignty, he led his majority party to position of “critical support”, knowing the history of Goebbels’ Formula - where all are involved or all is consumed.

The independence collaborations took different aspects in Georgetown, the sugar belt, the interior regions and the claiming of Mt Roraima to install our National Flag.

In Essequibo, much was done being directed by the ADC office in Suddie, churches, civil-minded persons and various schools; many innovations depicted the celebrations with traditional bad cows masquerade,tassa

drums and saxophone music from Danielstown Village was noticeable. The ferry MV Malali was decorated and served free mauby drinks donated by Francis Shurland. A baker shop from Suddie donated corn bread to all the nearby schools.

In central Essequibo, the Reberios, Maharajs, Khans and Brittons had community sports between the villages.

Charity and Pomeroon, the catholic community, made a great impact for the weeklong celebrations where banners were placed across the Roman Catholic Church had its bells tolling to welcome the event. The Rahim’s of Charity offered a free bus ride to Suddie and back.

In the Pomeroon River, motor-launch Queen Mary, Chamberlain, Napoleon, Titanic were decorated and their journey to the Kabakaburi Mission in the Upper Pomeroon were met with a big party of blowing of horns and beating of fuel drums for music.

At Kabakaburi, Rev. Father Holden and Toshao Williams organised a treat for the Carib and Arawak community with cassa-

ri, arasoka, fried hymara fish, roasted calamari.

The Calistro’s, Tobin’s and Baird’s supplied rich music well into the night. At the enclave of Siriki, the first Hindu temple built by Pundit Ramphal, he provided his motor-launch (named Romace) to transport farmers to attend the satsang.

At Jacklow, Imam Basir had his jamaat honour the celebrations in prayer too.

The licensed firearm owners, being the Gouveias, Correias, Silvas and Adams, did not spare the occasions to give gun salutes with shots that appear to shoot out small pieces of paper.

For those of us at that age and time will recall that historic event that set the path of our road to real emancipation. Therefore, we have the obligation to disseminate in written history for the benefits of posterity.

We must stand united and vehemently embrace our national pledge and motto as well to recognise our political icons Cheddi and Forbes, for they are the greatest benefactors of our independent Guyanese nation and we are the beneficiaries.

Independence Day revellers in a parade

8 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Times Travel & Tourism

C

ove and John/Victoria Mangrove Reserve, located on the East Coast of Demerara, is a scenic nature location for researchers and birding enthusiasts.

Four of the seven mangrove species known to Guyana grow at the reserve: Avicennia germinans (Black mangrove), Rhizophora mangle (Red mangrove) and Laguncularia racemosa (White mangrove) and Conocarpus erectus (Buttonwood).

The 2km long reserve provides excellent opportunities for education, awareness and

scientific research. Additionally, birding enthusiasts can get spectacular views of some lesser-seen birds, such as the Blue Heron.

The reserve is also a community effort as the area is maintained by residents of Victoria and Cove and John.

Cove and John/Victoria Mangrove Reserve possesses a combination of ecosystems, natural aesthetics and man-made infrastructure that speak well for recreation and community-based ecotourism.

A bird nestles between the mangrove

A boat moored among the mangroves

Various species of birds make the reserve their homes

Scenic path along the mangrove reserve

This swamp is a sanctuary to wildlife and plants

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 9

Times Healthy Living

A

lcohol and driving do not go together. While millions of people worldwide may say “What’s the harm, I got home safely and no one was hurt?”,just because you made it home safely to your bed does not mean that you’re making a right decision.

The greater the amount of alcohol consumed, the more likely a person is to be involved in an accident.

Consuming alcohol prior to driving greatly increases the risk of car accidents, highway injuries, and vehicular deaths.

The risk of a driver under the influence of alcohol being killed in a vehicle accident is at least eleven times that of drivers without alcohol in their system.

When putting those keys in the ignition and driving away after drinking, you are not only putting your life at risk but you are risking the lives of all those you come across while driving.

According to the US National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc. (NCADD), alcohol is a depressant because it slows down the functions of the central nervous system. This means that normal brain function is delayed, and a person is unable to perform normally.

Alcohol affects a person’s information-processing

According to research, young people who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drink-

skills, also known as cognitive skills, and hand-eye coordination, also referred to as psychomotor skills.

When alcohol is consumed, many of the skills that safe driving requires – such as judgment, concentration, comprehension, coordination, visual acuity, and reaction time – become impaired.

Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream via small blood vessels in the walls of the stomach and small intestine. Within minutes of drinking alcohol, it travels from the stomach to the brain, where it quickly produces its effects, slowing the action of nerve cells.

Approximately 20 per cent of alcohol is absorbed through the stomach. Most of the remaining 80 per cent is absorbed through the small intestine.

Alcohol is also carried by the bloodstream to the liver,

which eliminates the alcohol from the blood through a process called “metabolizing,” where it is converted to a nontoxic substance.

The liver can only metabolize a certain amount at a time, leaving the excess circulating throughout the body. Thus the intensity of the effect on the body is directly related to the amount consumed.

A young person’s body cannot cope with alcohol the same way an adult’s can.Drinking is more harmful to teens than adults because their brains are still developing throughout adolescence and well into young adulthood.

Drinking during this critical growth period can lead to lifelong damage in brain function, particularly as it relates to memory, motor skills (ability to move) and coordination.

ing at age 21.

With alcohol, a drunk driver’s level of intoxication is typically determined by a measurement of blood alcohol content or BAC.

F

ermented drinks, such as beer and wine, contain from 2 per cent alcohol to 20 per cent alcohol. Distilled drinks, or liquor, contain from 40 per cent to 50 per cent or more alcohol.

Fermenting is a chemical process whereby yeast acts upon certain ingredients in the food (grain, fruit or vegetables), creating alcohol.

A distilled beverage is produced by distillation of a mixture produced from alcoholic fermentation.

Distillation removes water content from fermented

For most people, these are only facts. But for the families and friends of those who die as a result of drinking and driving, each fact represents a tragic loss.

beverages to concentrate the alcohol.

The usual alcohol content for each is: Beer 2–6 per cent alcohol Cider 4–8 per cent alcohol Wine 8–20 per cent alcohol Tequila 40 per cent alcohol Rum 40 per cent or more alcohol Brandy 40 per cent or more alcohol Gin 40–47 per cent alcohol Whiskey 40–50 per cent alcohol Vodka 40–50 per cent alcohol Liqueurs 15–60 per cent alcohol

from page 3

Governor Sir Ralph Grey presenting the certificate of appointment to Cheddi Jagan as Premier (1961) (Jagan.org)

missed the government and created a nominated legislative council made up mainly of those they felt would be sympathetic to the colonial status quo.

The Americans sided with Britain’s actions and shortly after, Jagan was handed a restriction order that limited his movements to Georgetown only, though he would break it and be arrested.

After he was released on bail he was almost immediately rearrested and placed before the courts where the magistrate handed him

a six months with hard labour sentence –one that shocked the world.

But it gave him the opportunity to soon agitate for better prison conditions, one of which led to changes in the prison diet – the first since 1934. Jagan spent five months at the Camp Street and Mazaruni prisons, moved around because of his influence over many of the prisoners.

While he was unfazed by his prison experience, he was greatly distressed when his wife, Janet was imprisoned for five months.

But the British authorities saw as their greatest achievement the 1955 split between Jagan and Burnham, which Jagan viewed partly a result of Burnham’s ambitions and partly a result of British machinations.

The British Guiana constitution remained suspended from 1953 to 1957 and the years from 1957 – 1964 Jagan wryly considered a “coalition” of the PPP and the Colonial Office.

Nevertheless he was triumphant in the 1957 elections,and the 1961 elections saw him re-elected as premier of British Guiana as the colony was granted self-government in 1961, though once again real power was in the hands of the Governor.

While in government he worked tirelessly to secure Guyana’s independence, and was instrumental in establishing the University of Guyana. But Jagan would be ousted three years later after race and labour riots led to Burnham leading the country out of colonial rule in 1966.

As CNN would in 1997 recall, Jagan was blocked from rule

by Britain and the United States, which opposed his Marxist beliefs.

The New York Times noted that US “government documents that only came to light in the 1990's indicate that Washington was behind much of the Guyanese labour unrest, sabotage and disinformation efforts that led to race riots be-

President Cheddi Jagan being congratulated by out-going former President Desmond Hoyte following the Oct. 9, 1992 general elections (Mirror)

tween East Indians and blacks that left nearly 100 dead.”

Consequently, for almost three decades Jagan remained in Opposition, until 1992 when Guyana’s first free and fair elections returned him to power – with the support of the US government.

According to the Washington Post, in power he is recognised for steering Guyana “toward what some economists called one of the most successful economic adjustments anywhere, including a 1996 agreement to reduce by 67 per cent the country's debt with the Paris Club of creditor nations.

From a high of 105 percent in

1989, inflation fell to 4.5 percent in 1996, as the country opened to foreign investors eager to tap vast resources in mining, forestry and agriculture.”

Jagan was also a writer who penned several books relating to Guyana’s history.

Cheddi Jagan died March 6, 1997 in Washington, USA where he had been hospitalized after a heart attack. He was 78.

He was given a state funeral and his body lay in State in Georgetown and Albion. He wascremated March 12, in the Babu John cemetery at Port Mourant, Berbice.

10 Sunday Times Magazine

MAY 22, 2016

Times Fashion

T

he Guyana 50th anniversary collection by Sonia Noel has the perfect outfit for a chic patriotic look.

Noel has taken the colours of Guyana’s flag and fashionably incorporates them in this collection. The jersey spandex pieces are available for men and women.

These pieces, according to the designer, will be on sale at the Fashion Expo,May 22 at the Pegasus Hotel.

For more information, call 226-6554 or 684-8129.

(Photos by Terrence Thompson. Models: Richard Leung, Matthew Moonsammy, Mohindra Scarce, Brittani Harrison, Alicia Davis, Rashad Phoenix and Nafeeza Seetaram)

guyanatimesgy.com

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 11

Star Times Hollywood

S

carlett Johansson, born November 22, 1984, is an American actress, model, and singer. She made her film debut in “North” (1994). Johansson subsequently starred in “Manny & Lo” in 1996, and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in “The Horse Whisperer” (1998) and “Ghost World” (2001). She shifted to adult roles with her performances in “Girl with a Pearl Earring” (2003) and Sofia Coppola's “Lost in Translation” (2003), for which she won a BAFTA award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.nShe has portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow / Natasha Romanoff in the Marvel Cinematic Universe; appearing in “Iron Man 2” (2010), “The Avengers” (2012), “Captain America: The Winter Soldier” (2014), “Avengers: Age of Ultron” (2015) and “Captain America: Civil War” (2016). She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of Arthur Miller's “A View from the Bridge”. As a singer, Johansson has released two albums, Anywhere I Lay My Head and Break Up. She was named the Sexiest Woman Alive

by Esquire magazine in both 2006 and 2013 (the only woman to be chosen for the title twice), and the Sexiest Celebrity

by Playboy magazine in 2007.

12 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Times Hollywood

Tyga parties with lingerie model following Kylie Jenner split

W

hitney Houston’s estate has axed a planned duet between a hologram of the late singer and Christina Aguilera that was set to air on the season 10 finale of The Voice.

Hours after footage from the performance leaked on Facebook on Thursday, May 19, Whitney’s sister-in-law Pat Houston, the executor of the estate, announced that they will not allow it to air.

Back in September, Pat teamed up with tech company Hologram USA to create the hologram, which would then go on tour and sing a selection of Whitney’s greatest hits.

“We are so appreciative of the opportunity for the Whitney Houston hologram to appear on NBC’s The Voice with a talent pairing as extraordinary as Christina Aguilera and Whitney Houston,” Pat said in the statement, according to Entertainment Tonight.

“We were looking to deliver a groundbreaking duet performance for the fans of both

artists. Holograms are new technology that takes time to perfect, and we believe with artists of this iconic calibre, it must be perfect. Whitney’s legacy and her devoted fans deserve perfection. After closely viewing the performance, we decided the hologram was not ready to air. We have much respect and appreciation for Christina, and she was absolutely flawless.”

Executives at NBC were also up in the air about whether the performance would make the final cut for the finale. “They didn’t like the quality of the hologram in HD,” the source tells Us. In the leaked clip, The Voice coach, 35, belted out a rendition of “I Have Nothing” before introducing the hologram of a young Whitney. Then, the two stars sang “I’m Every Woman” together, and Whitney even made a costume change from a long white gown to a pink dress.

The two-part season finale of The Voice airs on NBC May 23 and 24 at 8 p.m. ET. (UsWeekly)

T

yga seems to be transitioning into the single life pretty smoothly.

The rapper—who recently split from long-time onagain, off-again girlfriend Kylie Jenner—was spotted enjoying the company of another brunette beauty while out in Cannes for various appearances during the annual star-studded film festival.

T-Raww cozied up to lingerie model Demi Rose Mawby for a photo on her Snapchat Thursday, following his concert last night, and showed the rapper decked out in all white with some reflective shades while the model soaked up the sun in a black strappy ensemble at Nikki Beach.

So who is Demi Rose?

The 5-foot-2 Brit is a 21-year-old former member of Miami's Taz Angels, and has since grown over a mil-

lion followers on Instagram and modelled on the pages of WorldStar HipHop, FHM Magazine, M! Magazine Denmark and more.

The rapper was later spotted leaving his ho-

tel to head to Gotha nightclub again Thursday night alongside Demi Rose, who was wearing a racy black sheer dress which flaunted a gracious amount of cleavage. (EOnline)

Welcome to ‘An African City’

The Ghanaian web series that's being called the African Sex and the City

“A

n African City” is the brainchild of 34-year-old Ghanaian creator Nicole Amarteifio, who writes and directs the show. (Amarteifio is also an executive producer, along with native New Yorker Millie Monyo.)

The web series has been dubbed Africa's answer to Sex and the City — with a few twists.

Instead of Manhattan, the show is set in Accra, Ghana's capital city. Instead of Carrie Bradshaw and company, it follows the exploits of a 30-year-old journalist, Nana Yaa (played by Ghanaian-American actress MaameYaa Boafo), and her four BFFs, all "returnees" — women of African descent who have left their lives abroad to come home to "the continent," where they must learn to cope with malaria outbreaks, fuel shortages, power outages, noisy generators, and nosy aunties.

But life in Accra also

Cast of ‘An African City’

has its pros: perfect weather, beautiful beaches, mangos, "and then there are the men … dark and chocolatey. YUM!" says sexy banker Sade (played by Nana Mensah, channelling Samantha Jones).

Like Sex and the City, An African City is about sex, but it's as much about the search for identity in a traditional culture. It's a theme that resonates. Since An African City premiered on YouTube in March of 2014 and reached one million views within a few weeks; the show has gained fans around the world.

"We've been getting emails from women in Korea, Puerto Rico, Italy," Amarteifio says. "It just shows that women carry similarities across ethnicity, across race."

Critiquing the show for the website Okayafrica, Akinyi Ochieng, a Yaleeducated writer and researcher with Gambian and

Kenyan roots, urged viewers to remember that An African City is, above all, a fantasy. "As we indulge in this bourgeois tableau of urban African life," she writes in her article, "we risk forgetting that [the] independence of Nana Yaa, Ngozi, Zainab, Makena, and Sade is a rare privilege in a world in which African women experience fear more than freedom."

While Amarteifio is sensitive to such concerns, she isn't about to apologize for her characters. "It was very important for me to have these women who are successful and independent and at the far extreme of the 'single story' of Africa, which tends to be about war, poverty, and famine," she says, alluding to Adichie's famous TED Talk. "These women do exist. Let's have that be the face of black beauty. Actually, forget 'black' beauty — of beauty, period."

(Cosmopolitan)

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 13

Star Times Bollywood

S

aif Ali Khan, born Sajid Ali Khan on August 16, 1970, is an Indian film actor and producer. Khan has established himself as one of the most popular actors of Indian cinema. He is the recipient of several awards, including a National Film Award and six Filmfare Awards, and was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri in 2010. Saif is the son of the former Indian cricketer Mansoor Ali Khan and the actress Sharmila Tagore. He made his acting debut in 1992 with Yash Chopra's “Parampara” and later starred in the 1994 films “Main Khiladi Tu Anari” and “Yeh Dillagi”. His work in “Kal Ho Naa Ho” (2003) won him the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. The actor was awarded the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in “Hum Tum” (2004). In 2009, Khan branched out into film production with his company Illuminati Films, whose first release was “Love Aaj Kal”. In addition to acting, Khan is also a stage performer. He was married to actress Amrita Singh (whom he divorced in 2004) for 13 years; they have two children together. He married actress Kareena Kapoor in 2012.

14 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Times Bollywood

I will tweet Aishwarya Rai Bachchan defends her purple lips when I will A get married: Salman Khan ishwarya Rai Bachchan's lips don't lie. The 42-year-old actress' startling purple pout at her last red carpet appearance in Cannes has easily been her most hotlydiscussed look ever and, in New Delhi to promote her film Sarbjit, she said she was loving the attention.

"I know there are memes but I'm loving every moment," she said. And not just memes, even Amul has cashed in with a new ad.

"It's not an endorsement but I love your butter and it shows," said Ash. Reviews for Ash's unusual lip colour were mostly poor - what was she/her stylist thinking?, was the general opinion. It appears that she was thinking out of the box. "Let's go for it," is

W

ithout debunking his marriage rumours, Bollywood superstar Salman Khan said he will inform about his wedding through social media.

Gossip mills are abuzz that the 50-year-old "Bajrangi Bhaijaan" star would be tying the knot with his rumoured Romanian girlfriend Lulia Vantur on his birthday, December 27.

"When I want to get married I will get married. I don't need to tell you when I am

Iulia Vantur and Salman Khan

getting married. When I am getting married, I will tweet it and put in on Facebook. So I will keep it to me and my fans," Salman told reporters here at the IIFA awards press conference.

Salman made his first joint public appearance with Vantur recently at actress and good friend Preity Zinta's wedding reception.

The Romanian TV star was also spotted with Salman's mother Salma and sister Alvira at the Mumbai airport. (Times of India)

what Aishwarya told NDTV her response was in Cannes when her make-up artist suggested purple. There is

now apparently huge public interest in the exact shade she wore.

Ash, who often gets

slammed for not taking chances with her look, said she wanted to do something different this time and is happy to see the 'huge response,' both bad and good.

"I enjoy the art and the creativity which goes with the fashion at Cannes and that's why people see me do different things," she said.

"I just go with the flow and enjoy the show and art evokes a response. There are such great ideas out there," Ash said.

Meanwhile, it has been reported that Abhishek Bachchan says Aishwarya Rai Bachchan looked fantastic with purple lips. When asked about Ash’s dramatic look, Abhi was quoted saying, “I think she looked fantastic ... She always does.”

Deepika Padukone’s foundation launches awareness programme on mental health

A

ctress Deepika Padukone’s The Live Love Laugh Foundation (TLLLF) has come out with an awareness programme on mental health for general physicians.

TLLLF, a not-for-profit organisation which aims to raise awareness about mental health in India, launched a programme that is designed to assist general physicians work more effectively with their patients who

may be going through depression or anxiety.

The programme is called More Than Just Sad. “We believe the programme we have launched will assist them at the first level to provide the right diagnosis and guidance to patients who could be struggling to cope

with mental health issues including depression, stress and anxiety,” said Deepika, founder of TLLLF, in a statement.

The programme aims to sensitise more than 5,000 doctors on mental health issues this year. Programme participants will also receive

material such as videos, articles, quizzes and handouts for easy reference. The course material for More Than Just Sad has been designed in-house. Deepika had come out and spoken about her struggle against depression last year. (The Indian Express)

Did Uday Chopra break up with Nargis Fakhri on Whatsapp?

N

argis Fakhri recently left Mumbai for New York citing health reasons. But apparently an industry insider has revealed that the actress suffered from a breakdown because of personal reasons. Apparently alleged boyfriend Uday Chopra broke up with Nargis on Whatsapp!

Nargis went off to New York leaving behind the

promotions of Housefull 3 and the shoot for Riteish Deshmukh-starrer Banjo.

Rumour has it that the actress is heartbroken after her split with Uday.

According to a report in DNA, friends of the actress are concerned with how badly his decision to call it quits, has hit her.

An insider was quoted saying, “No one knows his reasons for doing so,

but Uday ended their love story rather abruptly — by sending her a text over WhatsApp. It could have been Nargis’ blow-hot-blowcold attitude towards him that finally drove them apart. Uday was using two phones. One was just for the actress. But since their split, that number is now inactive.

And Uday’s other private number, formerly not visible on WhatsApp, can now be seen publicly. Also, since his break-up, the actor has reportedly become quite active on the messaging app, as if to say: I’m far from heartbroken and am in the mood to mingle.”

The report said that the actress’s spokesperson has denied the heartbreak rumour. (massala.com)

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

15

Times Trends

Star of the week

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ajuma Nelson, born Feb. 2, 1991, is currently vying for the Miss World Guyana 2016 crown. While she eyes the coveted crown, Najuma uses the opportunity afforded to her via the pageant to passionately forward her platform, which is improving access to quality education, especially in remote, rural communities in Region Two (Pomeroon-Supenaam). The beauty holds a Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry and is currently employed as a Quality Control Chemist at Demerara Distillers Limited.

This is not Najuma’s first pageant; she competed in Miss Universe Guyana 2015 a few months ago, winning the Best Smile prize. “I've always had a love for pageantry, so late last year I decided to finally follow that dream of mine.

Entering MWG was a tougher decision though as the requirements are much more stringent, but it has allowed me to accomplish another dream of mine - significantly contributing to improvement of society especially in the education sector,” Najuma expressed. The humanitarian said she “noticed the disparity in the quality of education available to persons in riverine communities as opposed to those on the coast and felt that a child's location should not impede them from access to a healthy level of education”; hence she chose her current platform for the Miss World Guyana pageant. As regional ambassador of Region Two (as designated by Miss World Guyana), Najuma diligently spreads awareness on her platform and is presently working on finding solutions.

Trending Now

T

he new, totally mesmerizing trend that’s dominating social media is a combo of two of the coolest hairstyles: rainbow hair and undercut tattoos. This sneaky style lets you hide a fully-coloured hair mural underneath the rest of your hair.

Rainbow undercuts are perfect for anyone who doesn't want to totally commit to multicoloured hair. You can let your hair down to hide your rainbow strands, or pull up your locks and surprise the world with your edgy 'do.

To get this look, hairstylists add rainbow hair colours to an intricatelyshaved undercut. Some even blend rainbow colours together to get a crazy-cool rainbow effect.

16 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Times Art

G

"Gulf Watch" (1992) by Ernest Van Dyke

uyana became an independent nation in 1966, but its artists had already, from a generation before, begun to show independence of thought, action and vision. The artistic ferment in Georgetown in the decades between 1930 and 1960 is a yet largely-unrecognised intellectual and philosophical development in Guyana. The early part of this period laid the foundation for an art which lacks nothing in richness, complexity and ideation.

Samuel Horace Broodhagen (1883-1950) is identified as the earliest-

known local artist. He was a painter of landscapes and portraits, but not much is known about his work. So was Cedric Winter (19021974), a sculptor, who created the altar screen for St Jamesthe-Less Church in 1945. But the first decades of the 20th century were lean years for art in Guyana.One expatriate, Golde White, wrote to a friend that “[t]here has been no Art Exhibition for some time in this colony, and very little is done to encourage artistic talent”.

From the end of the 1920’s, White and other expatriates, along with the

British Council, encouraged and supported the local men and women of talent. The colonials helped to found the British Guiana Arts and Crafts Society in 1931, and the British Council sponsored lectures and gave scholarships. This impetus produced our first formal artists such as Vivian Antrobus, R. G. Sharples, E.R. Burrowes, Reggie Phang and Sam Cummings.

On the other hand, Evelyn Williams argues that the colonial establishment “contextualised and controlled the models of cultural expression in the perpetuation of the systematic self-interest… imposing the imprints of a European consciousness”.

Here is where the pioneering local artists began asserting their independence: they soon broke away from the official influence, and began organising their own art groups and art classes. They formed the Guianese Art Group in 1945 and the Working People’s Art Class in 1948, which existed up to as late as 1961.

They attracted young people such as Denis Williams, Hubert Moshett, Marjorie Broodhagen, Enda Harte, Basil Hinds, and later on, Stanley Greaves, Ron Savory, Aubrey Williams, Donald Locke, Emerson Samuels and many others. The pioneers started a great line of artists who wouldtake Guyana’s art

Nothing to Laugh about Jubilee Edition

Past laughs at a previous show

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iftland Mall is set to explode on May 28 when the cast of Nothing to Laugh About takes the stage on May 28.

The presentation is set to entertain fans to the extreme, leaving them wanting more. The show sold out six nights at the NCC last year and is expected to do the same in its Jubilee Edition.

Through the years, the “Nothing to Laugh About” franchise has never disappointed loyal fans since it is a well produced and competently performed

through a collection of comic sketches, many of which capitalise on topical humour and references with a touch of political humour.

This edition will feature some of the Best Skits of the franchise. Limited seating available so patrons are advised to get their tickets early.

Tickets are only $1,000 and are available at Elegance Jewellery, Giftland Mall and Nigel’s Supermarket. Showtime 8pm sharp.

"Fifty Years Ago" (1975) by Lancelot Burton

into the next three decades and beyond.

On the surface, it seems that Guyanese art copies western art. But this is only superficially true. While our artists draw from the wide range of art approaches, styles and techniques, what they create is truly Guyanese.

The pioneer artists broke away from the influence of the British School of landscape painting and used more investigative styles and techniques to delve into, rather than depict, Guyanese life.

They explored a broader range of themes and subjects.

Apart from the landscape, they painted our people, passtimes and activities. Artists such as George Bowen (Jorge Bowenforbes), Alvin Bowman, Patrick Barrington, David Singh picked up this tradition from the pioneers and it continued in the works of Eddie Fredericks (our first indigenous painter), Basil and Angold Thompson, Cletus Henriques, Maylene Duncan, Winston Strick, SeunarineMunisar, Merlene Ellis, and a host of other artists right down to the present day.

Our art is a nationally-cohesive influence because of its democratic nature: it is not an elitist art; it takes an unprejudiced look at our life; it is a humanely-progressive art which propounds the richness and dignity of life. Even in the conflict-ridden 1960’s, Guyanese artists quietly asserted the common humanity, struggle, and worthiness of the Guyanese people through their landscapes and depictions of the life of the country in scenes of life and landscape.

In another discordant period, the 1990’s, artists such as OheneKoama, Betsy Karim and Desmond Ali bandedtogether as “The Guyana United Artists”; they and various other artists made a call through their many exhibitions for unity

and peace. But our artists are not just parochial: they have responded to international conflicts such as the Gulf War, and champion international movements for global peace and liberation from oppression.

Our art is one of innate concern and responsibility.

Right from the beginning, our artists showed a responsibility to the development of the nation through their social commentary. In 1961, Burrowes presciently offered his “Land of the Dolorous Guard” as a warning about developments in the country.

Stanley Greaves became famous for his “People of the Pavement” series in the 1950’s, and he continued his trenchant examination of our politics and culture in his “There’s a Meeting Here Tonight” (1990’s) and other artwork.

Just after the elation of independence, CyrilKanhai’s sarcastic “Green Land of Guyana” pointed to the disjunction between political promises and reality.

Bernadette Persaud bravely confronted authority with her “Gentleman in the Garden”

series as economic and political pressures developed in the 1980’s.

From the 1990’s, Desmond Ali in his innovative, massive sculpture enlarged our thinking about Guyana’s political condition by expounding on the history of colonialism and the struggle for independence in the wider American region.

Our art gives Guyana root and substance: a hallmark of our art is how it draws from the well of our intrinsic cultures and experiences. By doing this, our artists give recognition to the inherence of the ancestral in the construction and existence of the Guyanese identity.

From the 1960’s, Stephanie Correiabrought the forms and spirit of the first peoples of the country into formal art in her ceramic work. Eddie Fredericks depicted the rhythms of indigenous life; George Simon delved into his indigenous heritage to produce powerful art.

He also tutored Lokono artists – Oswald Hussein, LynusClenkien, Telford continued on page 23

"Fish Vendor" (c. 1960) by Emerson Samuels

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MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 17

Times Tech

Apple CEO parties with Bollywood on first India visit in the context of Apple’s performance in China, which is the company’s second-largest market, but where it has reported declining sales momentum.

Moreover, last month, the Chinese government abruptly shut down the company’s iMovie and iBooks services on the iTunes store.

With India also home to over a billion people, like

A

Tech news

palatial Mumbai home.

The guest list included such other celebrities as Bollywood icon Amitabh Bachchan and Oscar-winning composer A R Rahman of “Slumdog

P

Millionaire” fame, as well as Adi Godrej, billionaire chairman of the family-controlled Indian conglomerate Godrej Group, and his wife Parmeshwar Godrej.

Cook’s India visit is seen

Google appeals order to apply 'right to be forgotten' globally

oogle has appealed an order from France compelling it to scrap certain search results not just by country but across the world.

The search giant is fighting a ruling from a French data protection authority that wants it to remove search results on a global basis when requested.

According to tech news website cnet, in May 2014, Google started complying with a European Union ruling that requires it to honour requests from a European citizen to remove search results that may no longer be relevant or may infringe upon that person's privacy.

Initially, the company limited those take-down requests to just the countries from which they originated.

A year later, France's Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertes (CNIL) ordered Google to re-

Tech BYTE

cusing on Apple’s Maps application.

As it happened, later that evening at the Khan party, Cook posed for a selfie with upcoming filmmaker Shlok Sharma who is shooting his latest film on an iPhone.

Meanwhile, reports also indicate that Cook is expected to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi before concluding his visit.

Photo from Shah Rukh Khan’s tweet of the Tim Cook visit. Left to right, Tim Cook, Shah Rukh Khan and Amitabh Bachchan

pple CEO Tim Cook is on his first India visit, concluding his first day by attending a party Wednesday night thrown in his honour by Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan at his

G

China, the country provides opportunities for growth for Apple. It is the world’s second-largest smartphone market with over 220 million users, according to a recent report.

Cook has used his visit to announce the company’s intentions to expand its India presence via the launch of two development centres, one focusing on its iOS apps, with the other fo-

move search results upon request from all its global domains, including those in the US. In March of this year, Google started taking down links from all its domains, but only when accessed from the country where the request was made. That didn't placate authorities in France. The CNIL fined Google 100,000 euros (US$112,150) for not taking the program far enough.

On Thursday, Google filed an appeal against the CNIL's initial order with France's Council of State, the country's supreme administrative court, Reuters has reported.

The CNIL has argued that expanding the reach of the "right to be forgotten" program to all Google domains, no matter where or how they're accessed, is the only way to fully protect the rights and privacy of European citizens.

Google has countered that one country should not be able to impose its rules on people in other countries. “…if French law applies globally, how long will it be until other countries -- perhaps less open and democratic -- start demanding that their laws regulating information likewise have global reach?"Kent Walker, Google's global general counsel, said in an op-ed in France's Le Monde newspaper Thursday.

Researchers discover new property of light

hysicists from Trinity College, Dublin Ireland have discovered a new property of light – light with a total angular momentum that has a half-integer spin. In other words, light that does not obey the rules we know of light.

“A beam of light is characterised by its colour or wavelength and a less familiar quantity known as angular momentum,” said Professor John Donegan of the School of Physics at Trinity College.

“Angular momentum measures how much something is rotating. For a beam of light, although travelling in a straight line it can also be rotating around its own axis. So when light from the mirror hits your eye in the morning, every photon twists your eye a little, one way or another.”

This angular momentum was always believed to be a set multiple of Planck's constant (a uniform ratio value describing the relationship between energy in one quantum (pho-

ton) of electromagnetic radiation to the frequency of that radiation), which meant that the sum total was always a whole number (or integer).

What the researchers discovered with their new form of light, however, was that its photons had an angular momentum just half the value of Planck's constant.The finding is particularly exciting because it verified some important quantum theoretical research first conducted in the 1980s that predicted the possibility of light with half-integer spin.

The findings may have applications in an optical version of so-called topological quantum computing (a theoretical computing method that employs twodimensional quasiparticles), as well as a possible new way of using angular momentum to increase bandwidth in fibreoptic communications.

The results of this research were recently published in the journal Science Advances.

18 Sunday Times Magazine

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MAY 22, 2016

Times Home & Cooking

Recipe of the Week

Independence party decor

Create a dazzling room with one or two colours from our Golden Arrowhead (in this instance black and gold)

Celebrating our 50th independence jubilee means parties and entertaining – which means presenting a grand party décor to really showcase your patriotism.

Get inspired for your jubilee celebrations with these ideas – and don’t forget: Drink responsibly; don’t drink and drive.

Red and gold glamour luxuriously reflect flag colours

Crab-stuffed Grilled Bell Peppers Ingredients 6 medium red, orange, and/or yellow bell peppers 1 1/2 tablespoons olive oil 1 teaspoon kosher salt 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper

Method Preheat grill to high heat (450° to 500°). Slice tops off of peppers, reserving tops; scoop out and discard seeds.

Toss peppers with oil, salt, and pepper.

Grill peppers and tops on all sides 2 to 3 minutes or until pepper bottoms are well-marked and softened, but still hold their shape.

Combine crab and next 6 ingredients in a large bowl; stir gently. Divide crab mixture evenly among peppers.

Grill stuffed peppers, covered with grill lid, 5 minutes.

3/4 pound fresh lump crabmeat 3/4 cup panko, toasted 3/4 cup chopped fresh parsley 1/2 cup finely chopped fennel bulb 9 tablespoons mayonnaise 3/4 teaspoon lemon zest 1 1/2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice Lemon wedges, for serving Arrange on a platter, and serve with lemon wedges.

Serves 6.

Passion Fruit Cocktail (non-alcoholic) Ingredients

2 ounces fresh passion fruit juice 1/2 ounce orange juice 1/2 ounce 1/2 grapefruit juice

1/4 ounce 1/4 freshly squeezed lime juice 3 teaspoons sugar; adjust to taste Fresh mint for garnish (optional)

Incorporate similar colours of the flag for your party tableware theme

Method Chill cocktail shaker (or jam jar or flask)and large wine goblets in the freezer.

Shake all ingredients in the chilled cocktail shaker(or jam jar or flask - ensure the lid is on tightly and shake hard), along with a glassful of crushed ice.

When the cocktail shaker has turned white, pour content into a large chilled wine goblet without straining.

Garnish with mint stalk and passion fruit seed, put a whole stalk in so the flavour can absorb a little into the drink. Add a large wide straw, and serve immediately.

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine19

Family Times

PARENTING

Managing children's behaviour in public

“I JOKES Right of Way

The lobster and the crab one day Proposed a friendly race.

Agreed upon the time were they, Agreed upon the place.

The start and finish lines were where The two thought they should be.

The crayfish with a clock was there To act as referee.

And though the rule-book then was read, Not all was clarified; For as the lobster forward sped The crab went to the side.

nstead of avoiding social situations, seek them out.

However, do it on your terms and in short time spans,” says Dr. Thomas Reimers, Director of Boys Town’s Behaviour Health Clinic. “By controlling when you go out and for how long, you can set your child up for success.”

Planning ahead is essential to encouraging good behaviour. Below are 5 ways to successfully manage a child’s good behaviour in public: 1. Start small with shorts trips to the grocery or convenience store.

Practice having your child stay by your side and slowly lengthen your trips.

2. Plan ahead. Make sure your

Stories of Inspiration

The Weight of the Glass

Jeffrey Krise

Choose the Right One A young man excitedly tells his mother he's fallen in love and going to get married. He says, "Just for fun, Ma, I'm going to bring over 3 women and you try and guess which one I'm going to marry."

The mother agrees.

The next day, he brings three beautiful women into the house and sits them down on the couch and they chat for a while. He then says, "Okay, Ma, guess which one I'm going to marry."

She immediately replies, "The one in the middle."

"That's amazing, Ma. You're right. How did you know?"

"I don't like her."

Understanding business terms "A number of different approaches are being tried."

(We are still grasping at straws.)

"Test results were extremely gratifying."

(We were so surprised that the stupid thing worked.)

"The entire concept will have to be abandoned."

(The only person who understood the thing, quit.)

"We'll look into it."

(Forget it! We have enough problems for now.)

"Please read and initial."

(Let's spread the responsibility around for the mistakes.)

Out of the mouths of babes A first grade teacher collected well known proverbs. She gave each child in her class the first half of a proverb, and had them come up with the rest: Better to be safe than. .. Punch a 5th Grader.

Strike while the... Bug is close.

It's always darkest before... Daylight Savings Time.

Never under estimate the power of… Termites.

Don't bite the hand that... Looks dirty.

No news is... Impossible.

A miss is as good as a... Mr. You can’t teach an old dog new... Math.

If you lie down with the dogs, you'll... Stink in the morning.

An idle mind is... The best way to relax.

Where there's smoke, there is... Pollution.

A penny saved is... Not much.

Laugh and the whole world laughs with you, cry and … You have to blow your nose Children should be seen and not... Spanked or grounded.

If at first you don't succeed... Get new batteries.

You get out of something what you... See pictured on the box.

Two's company, three’s... The Musketeers.

child is fed and has made a trip to the bathroom before leaving the house. Bring items to entertain your child as you wait or shop.

3. Practice behaviours you want to see in public at home.

Praise your child for following the rules and for good listening.

4. Set your child up for success. Make sure the environment is appropriate for your child. A formal sit-down is not the right environment for a toddler.

5. Be patient. It will take time for your child to learn how to behave in new places. The key is to slowly shape and reinforce good behaviour.

O

nce upon a time a psychology professor walked around on a stage while teaching stress management principles to an auditorium filled with students.

As she raised a glass of water, everyone expected they’d be asked the typical “glass half empty or glass half full” question. Instead, with a smile on her face, the professor asked, “How heavy is this glass of water I’m holding?”

Students shouted out answers ranging from eight ounces to a couple pounds.

She replied, “From my perspective, the absolute weight of this glass doesn’t matter. It all depends on how long I hold it.

If I hold it for a minute or two, it’s fairly light. If I hold it for an hour straight, its weight might make my arm ache a little. If I hold it for a day straight, my arm will likely cramp up and feel completely numb and paralyzed, forcing me to drop the glass to the floor. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn’t change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it feels to me.”

As the class shook their heads in agreement, she continued, “Your stresses and worries in life are very much like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to ache a little. Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb and paralyzed – incapable of doing anything else until you drop them.”

Moral of the story: It’s important to remember to let go of your stresses and worries. No matter what happens put all your burdens down. Don’t carry them through the night and into the next day with you.

If you still feel the weight of yesterday’s stress, it’s a strong sign that it’s time to put the glass down.

By Grammar G

No equivalent Part II

W

hile we all know how much English borrows from foreign languages, sometimes there are just no English words equivalent to some foreign concepts or situations. (The French call it le mot juste (luh mo joost): the perfect, precise word).

Let’s look at a few of these hardto-translate words – you might need to use them some day.

Eastern Polynesians use the word tingo which in English translates to “borrowing from a friend without returning anything, until he or she has nothing left” In Tulu in South India, a nakkele in English describes “a person who licks the surface of the vessel or platter on which his food has been served.”

Then there is swadge in a Scottish language which can only be translated in English as “the pause between courses or during a meal to let your

food digest and make room to continue eating.”

The Japanese use the word komorebi which in English essentially means “the scattered, dappled light effect that occurs when sunlight shines through the trees in

POETRY CORNER Be Glad your Nose is on your Face Be glad your nose is on your face, not pasted on some other place, for if it were where it is not, you might dislike your nose a lot.

Imagine if your precious nose were sandwiched in between your toes, that clearly would not be a treat, for you'd be forced to smell your feet.

Your nose would be a source of dread were it attached atop your head, it soon would drive you to despair, forever tickled by your hair.

Within your ear, your nose would be an absolute catastrophe, for when you were obliged to sneeze, your brain would rattle from the breeze.

Your nose, instead, through thick and thin, remains between your eyes and chin, not pasted on some other place-be glad your nose is on your face!

Jack Prelutsky a forested area”.

(On the side and perhaps unrelated is the Italian word gattara which in English translates as a usually old and lonely woman who devotes herself to stray cats. Perhaps “a cat lady”?)

20 Sunday Times Magazine

MAY 22, 2016

guyanatimesgy.com

Times Sunday Puzzle

Some of our bones have names that have other meanings. Here are eight to work out: 1. Fashionable and trendy 2. One of Rome's hills 3. A type of quadrilateral 4. Related to time; mortal 5. Part of a circle 6. Solid with lots of right angles 7. Shaped like a crescent (moon) 8. To pull someone's leg see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

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MAY 22, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 21

Times Kids

Creature Corner

GEOZONE

Lalibela

Blue Whale

T

he Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal that ranges throughout the world's oceans. It usually spends the warm months feeding in polar waters and migrates to the equator during the winter months.

Blue whales out of the water appear mottled blue-grey. The largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth, their tongue can weigh as much as an elephant, and their heart is the size of a standard car.They can grow up to 100 feet (30 meters) long and can weigh up to 200 tons (181 metric tons).

They reach their enormous size feeding exclusively on krill, a tiny shrimp-like sea creature. According to a National Geographic feature, during certain times of the year, a

single adult blue whale consumes about 4 tons (3.6 metric tons) of krill a day.

A blue whale's oesophagus is only four inches (10 cm) in diameter—so swallowing large fishes isn't possible.Blue whales occasionally swim in small groups but they are more often found alone or in pairs.

Killer whales and sharks are the blue whale’s few predators. Before a ban was placed on hunting blue whales, humans almost decimated the blue whale population.

Though they have made a minor recovery since, blue whales are still listed as endangered on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List and are often harmed by impacts with large ocean-going vessels.

Colouring Fun

Biete Ghiorgis (House of St. George) stands more than 12 metres (40 feet) high and is carved from a single piece of rock

T

he small town of Lalibela in Ethiopia harbours 11 churches cut from the solid rock of the landscape. Once known as the town of Roha, it was renamed in honour of the 12th century king who commissioned the churches cut into the rock, after Muslim conquests halted Christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem, the holy Land.

The site is one of Africa’s most revered pilgrimage sites. Ethiopian legend says that they were built by angels; scholars speculate they may have been built by “Indians or Egyptian Copts”; others say they were built by Christian monks.

The rock-hewn churches are calledBiete Medhani Alem (House of the Saviour of

the World), Biete Mariam (House of Mary), Biete Maskal (House of the Cross), Biete Denagel (House of Virgins), Biete Golgotha Mikael (House of Golgotha Mikael), Biete Amanuel (House of Emmanuel), Biete Qeddus Mercoreus (House of St. Mercoreos), Biete Abba Libanos (House of Abbot Libanos), Biete Gabriel Raphael (House of Gabriel Raphael), Biete Lehem (House of Holy Bread) and Biete Ghiorgis (House of St. George).

The churches are among UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites, though their structural integrity is threatened due to their antiquity and a lack of management of the area and its surroundings.

Spot the 6 Differences

The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order.

Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order. Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all please see solution on page 23

digits 1 through 9.

22 Sunday Times Magazine

MAY 22, 2016

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guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Into Independence...

from page 4

Guyanese began migrating en masse in the 80s to escape what many considered his increasingly dictatorial and draconian measures.

His alleged manipulation of elections in the 70s and what was to be his last election of 1980 – still disputed today by his supporters –did not improve his critics’ perception of his rule.

Guyana’s insufficient exports of rice and sugar left little foreign exchange to provide vitally needed commodities, adding to the perceived economic stagnation.

Burnham, at what was to be his last press conferencefollowing the 6th CARICOM Summit Meeting, had argued that it was a result of the reluctance of Caricom states to purchase Guyana’s surplus sugar, albeit at a higher cost, that helped

Forbes Burnham and North Korean leader Kim Il-Sung in Pyongyang in the late 1970s. Burnham received Pyongyang's assistance in importing the North Korean tradition of Mass Games (The Asia Pacific Journal, Japan Focus)

harm the Guyanese economy.

When he died following a heart attack while undergoing throat surgery on Aug. 6, 1985 at the age of

Burnham and US President LB Johnson at the White House July 21, 1966

Brain Teaser Answer 1. Hip 2. Palatine 3. Trapezium (or trapezoid) 4. Temporal

5. Radius 6. Cuboid 7. Lunate 8. Rib

SUDOKU

KID SUDOKU

CROSSWORD

62,Guyana was generally regarded as among the poorest nations in the southern hemisphere, with a crumbling infrastructure, social services and education system, despite a World Bank report of a 5 per cent real growth in 1984.

He remained however, an important figure among many political leaders of his time, due to his significant presence within political organizations such as CARICOM and the NonAligned Movement.

To his supporters, Burnham has carried Guyana forward since the days of colonialism with his achievements, helping to lay a foundation for modern Guyana and earning himself a place in our nation’s hall of heroes.

Forbes Burnham was married twice; first to Sheila Bernice, with whom he had three daughters: Roxanne, Annabelle and Francesca, then to Viola Victorine, with whom he had two daughters: Melanie and Ulele. He and Viola also adopted a son, Kamana.

A Methodist, Burnham also enjoyed swimming, horseback riding, billiards and chess. He was entombed Aug. 11, 1985 in the mausoleum at Seven Ponds, Place of Heroes in the Botanical Gardens, after a state ceremony at the National Cultural Centre, one of his other contributions to Guyana’s cultural edifices.

Sunday Times Magazine 23

Times Feature

Exploring a Guyanese ...

Taylor, Roland Taylor and others - who from the 1990’s revealed a hidden dimension of the Guyanese imagination with their shape-shifting works in wood. Philip Moore had, from the 1940’s, been intuitively drawing from his native African ancestry, but also recognising and utilising the iconography of the East Indian world-views.

Later, in the 1970’s, the Village Movement artists broughtthe African ancestry further into the limelight through the medium and style of their intuitive wood sculpture. Gary Thomas, Compton Parris, Omowale Lumumba, and Colin Wardewere some of the main exponents of this movement,which still live on inthe works of the Main Street Artists Brian Clarke, RasIah, Marvyn Phillips, Francis Ferreira and others.

In the 1980’s, Bernadette Persaud showed the power and relevance of East Indian religions and imagery in interpreting and understanding Guyana. Dudley Charles gave serious consideration to the beliefs of the folk, starting in the 1980’s with his “Old House” series andcontinuing this engagement in his subsequent works.

As in any other genuine art, inthe particularity of Guyanese art, there is a

from page 16

"Guiana Flowers" (1958) by Vil Mayong

connection to the universal.

Aubrey William’s abstract paintings turn the Guyana landscape into the ground of examination of cosmic matters; Denis William’s Human World addresses all of modern industrial life; Philip Moore’s metaphysics apply to all;Winslow Craig’s themes touch universal chords.

Artists such as Terence Roberts,Carl Anderson and Derrick

'Backyard Pere Street' (1970) by Leila Locke

Callendarcontemplate Guyana’s identity within the widest international context;PhilbertGajadhar celebrates East Indian ancestry, but also recognises its relatedness to other cultures as well, and so on.Our artists explore formal technical issues, tackle great questions of being, engage in metaphysics, comment on the world, and are alive to global efforts for freedom, justice, development and the best possibilities of human life.

The National Gallery of Art, Castellani House, located on Vlissengen Road, is currently hosting an art exhibition showcasing works from Guyanese artists mentioned in this article. Aptly titled “From Colony to Nation”, the exhibition opens a window to the past and reviews the present so as tohelp us in the necessary tasks of reflecting, celebrating and inspiring. As we celebrate our semi-centenary, this art exhibition stirs a feeling that art will continue be there to lead, support and inspire our development.

The exhibition is currently open to the public until July 30, 2016. Admission is free.

Gallery hours are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday to Friday and 2 to 6 p.m. on Saturday; the gallery is closed Sundays and holidays. (Excerpted from notes by Alim Hosein)

24

Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

MAY 22, 2016

Fun Times

Archie

A gift, proposal or financial gain is heading your way.

(March 21A partnership will help you April 19) cut costs and bring you greater happiness and good fortune. Apply for a prestigious position.

ARIES

Expand your interests and TAURUS experience by taking part in (April 20an event that will bring about May 20) positive change. Someone you meet will offer insight regarding a decision you must make.

A partnership will need GEMINI proper attention. Stick to the (May 21- basics and say what's in your June 20) heart. Greater stability can be yours if you are honest and work diligently to make improvements.

You can start something new that will improve your (June 21- environment by offering to July 22) help others. Open your doors for group meetings or start a project that will help you build new skills.

CANCER

A financial proposal may LEO sound good, but joint ven(July 23tures aren't in your best interAug. 22) est. You are best off investing in yourself. Personal developments and educational pursuits are favored.

Dilbert

Handle domestic situations VIRGO with caution. Emotions will es(Aug. 23calate fast, making it difficult Sept. 22) for you to get things done. Offer love and compassion instead of criticism and complaints. Make romance a priority.

Visit a friend or go someLIBRA where you haven't been for a (Sept. 23long time. Your observations Oct. 23) will encourage you to improve your life. Consider a program or course and check out online employment opportunities.

Peanuts

Make romantic plans or SCORPIO join a group or service that is (Oct. 24Nov. 22) geared toward meeting new people. Don't be afraid to be different. Your unique nature will attract someone special.

Be prudent when it comes SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 23- to spending. You won't gain Dec. 21) points trying to buy someone's interest. Offer an adventurous outing that costs little.

Let your personality be the attraction.

You have plenty to offer CAPRICORN and to gain by discussing proj(Dec. 22ects, investments and plans Jan. 19) with someone who thinks as you do. Financial or personal gains are heading your way.

Calvin and Hobbes Don't be afraid to make a AQUARIUS (Jan. 20- change. Follow your instincts Feb. 19) and the latest trends in order to discover a lucrative plan.

A home business can be your ticket to freedom.

PISCES Move forward with cau(Feb. 20- tion. Sharing your personal Mar. 20) feelings or plans will be costly. Don't give in to pressure.

Be secretive and intent on pursuing your goals.