Guyana Times Daily

Sunday October 9, 2016

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Prints and The selftaught designs on display artist Stephen Singh

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2 Sunday Times Magazine

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OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Feature

Our Green Heritage

T

he Guiana Shield, within which most of Guyana falls, is a 1.7 billion-year-old geological formation located in

the northern part of South America, covering an area of one million square kilometres. It hosts one of the world’s most biologically

diverse and lush forested regions, and remains one of the least (human) populated areas on the planet.

The Guiana Shield is

Kaieteur Falls flow in the heart of the Guiana Shield

Map of the Guiana Shield. The population densities of the Guiana Shield is said to be comparable to (shield) regions such as Nunavut in northernmost Canada and Siberia in Russia, and remains the least populated forested region when compared to similar regions in Indonesia, Bangladesh, southern India and Nigeria

On Mount Roraima, a tepui within the Guiana Shield often called “the lost world”

A woodpecker looks for food in a tree trunk in Iwokrama. Iwokrama lies within the Guiana Shield, a region famed for its biological diversity in which more species are continually being discovered

described as a “vast expanse of lowland forest, mountains, wetlands and savannah in northern South America wedged between the llanos of northern Venezuela and eastern Columbia and the Amazon River in northern Brazil.”

(Hammond, 2005) According to the book “Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield: Ancient Forests in a Modern World”, edited by David S. Hammond, the Guiana Shield gets its name from a combination of old world and new world terms, where Guiana, Guayana and Guyana are variants of what is generally believed to be a traditional Amerindian word meaning “water” or “much water”. (Though others suggest the name derives either from a small tributary of the Orinoco; the name of an Amerindian tribe called Guaynos; or from uayana, the term for “pale” or “white”, used to describe the Europeans the tribe first encountered.)

The word “shield”, on the other hand, is used in a modern scientific context to describe a large region of very old, exposed rock that is generally not affected by modern volcanic or earthquake activity, which geologists call Precambrian basement rock.

The Guiana Shield covers 13 percent of the South American continent and almost all or most of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana, while Brazilian territories make up about half the region. Hammond writes that the area falls within four north-

ern Brazil states and “accounts for virtually the entire area of the shield draining into the greater Amazon Basin.”

Some suggest the “Amazon” is part of the Guiana Shield.

However, while the term “Amazonian rainforest” has routinely been used to describe the region, strictly speaking, “Amazonia” refers to what Charles C Mann describes in his book “1491” as being defined by geologists as “the bigger region bounded by the Andes to the west, the Guiana Shield to the north and the Brazilian Shield to the south...”

In addition, not all areas of Amazonia are rainforest. In fact, only half of Amazonia harbours an ecosystem most persons understand as the “Amazon”. Likewise, the “Amazon Basin” refers only to “the drainage of the Amazon and its tributaries.”

As Hammond also notes, the Guiana Shield was first associated not as a “geographical province” but as a “geopolitical entity”, following the arrival of Europeans to the region in search of gold; their subsequent conquering of its original peoples and, following that, distribution of and settlement in the region; a historical occurrence that has forged a distinctly new and different society in modern times.

Today, Guyana is making efforts to preserve vast areas of the Guiana Shield, one of the few remaining pristine habitats in the world, and a significant part of the country’s natural heritage.

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

3

Times Feature

Guyana Coat of Arms

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arly Guyana was made up of the two colonies Essequibo and Berbice during the 17th century by the Dutch, its first colonial ruler. Essequibo was administered by the Dutch West India Company while Berbice was founded and owned by Adriaan van Perre in 1627, though the Dutch West India Company remained somewhat of an overlord.

Demerara became a third colony in 1750, established under the West India Company. Demerara and Essequibo united in 1787, and Berbice united with the two in 1831

when the three colonies united to become the three counties of British Guiana.

This history led to different heraldic seals or arms being adopted over the periods of colonization until independence.

Dutch rule (1621 – 1803)

The Dutch colonies From 1621 to 1791, the Dutch colonies of Essequibo and Demerara bore the seal of the West India Company, which comprised a Dutch cargo vessel or “fluitschip” sailing to the sinister (the side of the seal or

An earlier misspelling of the motto on colony stamps that reads “Damus Patimusque Vicissim” (We give and expect in return).

arms that is to the left of the bearer, but to the right of the viewer). It was used for any business within the colonies under direct company rule.

The arms of the Van Perre family was considered the Berbice colony heraldry, and was recognized from 1627 to 1713 when it was conquered by the French, and after which the colony was sold in 1714 to four Amsterdam merchants who went on to found The Society of Berbice in 1720.

Dutch Republican Direct Rule When the West India Company was dismantled in 1791, the Republic of the United Netherlands took over the rule of the colonies under the Dutch “Raad der Colonien”, meaning “Council of Colonies”. Its seal from 1792 to 1795 was the arms of the Republic with the legend “Raad Der Colonien”.

Then, in 1795, when the Batavian Republic succeeded the Republic of the United Netherlands, the three colonies became under the jurisdiction of the “West-IndischCommitté” (West-Indian Committee), and the seal was changed to the seal of the committee of the West Indian possessions from 1795-1801.

This seal bore the Batavian lion with a sword and shield on which was inscribed, “Committé tot de West IndischEezittingen”, and over which was a banner labelled “BataafscheRepubliek”. (Batavian Republic)

British Rule (1796 -1966)

British Guiana: 1831-1954 Having seized the colonies in 1796 during the French Revolution, it was the British royal coat of arms that was used for official documents of the colonies under British rule.

The colonies were returned to the Batavian Republic in 1802, but were seized again by the British during the Napoleonic Wars. The Republic of the United Netherlands eventually ceded them to Britain in 1814 after the Batavian Republic ended, and the colonies were united in 1831 to become British Guiana.

While it is unclear who designed the British Guiana seal and/ or motto (and exactly when), they were both in use after the completion of the Parliament Buildings in 1834, and by 1851 began appearing on colony stamps as a ship sailing to the sinister with the motto “DamusPetimusqueVicissim” below.

It has been noted that the original seal on the banner of Union Lodge, the oldest lodge in Guyana, which was recognized in 1813 by the Grand Lodge of England, contains the phrase “DamusPetimusqueVicissim” on its banner, along with the ship as its arms.

It is however, yet uncertain whether the Lodge adopted the colony motto and seal or if there is any link between the Lodge and the colony seal and motto. More research is necessary.

Seal of the Committee of the West Indian possessions 1795-1801

Interim Government: 19541966 It wasn’t until 1853 that a strap bearing the motto around the arms was introduced, and remained in use until 1954 when Sir Alfred Savage, then governor of the territory, installed an interim government after the suspension of the British Guiana Constitution.

Under the interim government, a new coat of arms was prepared for the colony on Dec. 8, 1954.

Comprising a British Blackwell Frigate in a shield in full sail to the sinister, it retained the colony motto inscribed on ribbon below the shield.

Guyana: Independence Day

Interim coat of arms

- present As preparations for the colony’s May 26, 1966 Independence Day continued, a Jan. 21, 1966 Royal Warrant granted a new coat of arms.

The arms took symbolism from the country’s indigenous population, its important industries and its natural environment which included its national flower, bird and animal; its motto attempted to encompass the colony’s diverse ethnic mix and the goal of unity.

The new achievement was officially adopted Feb. 25 the same year

by British parliament.

4

Sunday Times Magazine

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OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Feature

Eco-Lifeguards work to inspire people to protect ‘the beautiful land of Guyana’

Eco-Lifeguards' members work to help fellow Guyanese explore their beloved homeland

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olunteers of the EcoLifeguards include students and professionals with “a strong desire for safeguarding the environment for a better Guyana”.

The organisation’s activities include, but are not limited to, biodiversity awareness through day trips and camps to observe the natural environment, educational talks and workshops, and engaging youths in personal and community development.

“Guyana is our home and like any good home we believe that all members of the house should contribute positively in some way.With

this concept, Eco-Lifeguards was founded in 2013,” Morris Solomon said in an interview with Sunday Times Magazine.

Solomon and colleague Mahendra Rammainly manage the organisation with a focus on motivating people to protect their environment by getting involved in conservation activities.

There are also other members and volunteers who work assiduously in fulfilling the objectives of EcoLifeguards.

“During trips to the highway with friends and colleagues, we realised that not

many people know of our country's true beauty. As such, we started asking people to come with us on camps, day trips and so on to inform them on the environment and get involved in conservation activities. These included groups from schools, churches, youth groups and other private groups. We saw that many people were interested based on their comments on Facebook and from public interaction. We have also travelled across Guyana, during our free time, to spread the message of conservation,” Solomon pointed out.

Solomon added that Eco-

Encouraging youths to be eco-lifeguards by getting them involved in projects geared at protecting their environment

Lifeguards’ main objective is to learn and teach others about the environment via invited talks, public outreaches, day trips and weekend camps. The group is also involved in clean-up exercises, walk-a-tons, runs, food drives for the homeless, blood donation drives, and clothing drives for the homeless, among others.

“What we have noticed, especially with our volunteers, is a clearer understanding of our roles as residents in caring the environment.

We see conservation efforts being adhered to in communities that we revisit and we are seeing a sense of ownership of a clean environment by many residents as well,” Solomon noted.

He also revealed that his group’s activities are all selfsponsored due to entities failing to fulfil promises to help financially.

Consequently, Solomon stated that the Guyana Nice Bad initiative was born. This is the tourism arm of Eco-Lifeguards.

“For a small fee, we are involved in taking people on trips, both day and weekend tours, across Guyana. Our aim is to raise funds for the

group and to also promote the tourism aspect of the many communities we visit. Local tourism has so much potential and we have embraced it wholeheartedly. We take people on day tours around Georgetown, West Bank/ West Coast, and Berbice. We do trips to Lethem, Annai, and Mabaruma as well. We are into hiking the Kanuku Mountains and exploring the waterways of the Mabaruma/ North West area. Through the Guyana Nice Bad initiative we also support strongly those small craft and food businesses that sell local crafts and creole food. All the camps that we do are kept basic and affordable, which means we use tents and sleeping bags all in safe and secure environments, transportation is provided using our own vehicles, food we would cook (it's basically rustic tourism),” Solomon outlined.

Now, Solomon and his team plan on getting more volunteers. He said there are a few upcoming projects that will “require a lot of manpower”. Solomon mentioned EcoLifeguards is planning a fundraiser to purchase fans for

Volunteers of all ages participate in Eco-Lifeguards' clean-up campaigns

a nursery school the group recently visited to which they donatedfruit plants for the school’s tree planting activities. Additionally, Eco-Lifeguards will be participating in the nursery school's clean-up of the school surroundings activity. Presently, the group is planning its next food drive initiative. This is in addition to the public outreaches that they normally participate in.

“Guyana is a truly beautiful country and sadly many persons have not visited many places here. Our aim is to bring down the cost of local travels so that the ‘ordinary’ Guyanese can experience this country: from drinking coconut water in the country side to bathing in the many creeks on the highway, camping using tents, cooking on firesides, bush cooks, hiking the Kanuku Mountains, enjoying the Rupununi, to bathing in the Hosororo Falls and exploring Mabaruma. Guyana nice bad and we want all to see this!”

Solomon declared.

For more information, visit Eco-Lifeguards and Guyana Nice Bad pages on Facebook.

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 5

Times Women

US-based Guyanese humanitarian Onica A. Charles is on an empowering mission to eradicate poverty

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nica A. Charles was born and raised in Guyana. She faced many challenges and disadvantages during childhood because her family could not have afforded a comfortable life. Consequently, at the age of 12, Onica and her parents migrated to the U.S.A. seeking better opportunities.

Today, Onica proudly holds a Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations. This was earned in 2007 through Florida International University. In 2009, Onica went on to achieve her Master’s Degree in Public Administration from Nova Southeastern University.

While attending that institution, she interned with two local municipalities: the City of Miami Gardens and the City of Sunrise. Upon graduation, Onica was hired as an Administrative Officer for latter, where she developed Programmed Based Budgeting for the entire city. The struggling little girl was finally a woman of substance, independent and well-respected.

As an undergraduate, Onica was involved in local, national, and international service projects geared to assisting the less fortunate.

Giving back to society inspired Onica to developan undying passion for philanthropy.

Onica has travelled to various parts of the world to assist in setting up clinics and centres in order to serve disadvantaged communities.

Initially, she handed out sandwiches to the homeless, but wanted to do more. The philanthropist opened her first childcare facility within

Onica A. Charles

a low income neighbourhood in 2011. Little Master’s mission is to provide children ages 1-13with a high quality early learning programme and exceptional care in an environment designed to foster individual growth and development while instilling a love of learning. With her vibrant entrepreneurial spirit, Onica opened a similar facility in Miami called the Little Masters Academy.

Both facilities are operated by her and her brother Leyland Charles.

Onica founded the International Children’s Outreach (ICO) in 2007. It is a charitable organisation in the State of Florida, US. ICO is recognised by the IRS of the U.S.A. as a tax-exempt charity under Sec. 501c3 of the Revenue Code.

In 2014, she resigned from her position with the

government to focus on her philanthropic missions.

Now, through ICO, Onica’s objectives are to encourage and promote the improvement of the lives of destitute children and young people around the world by; provide funds and teaching aids to enhance education opportunities for impoverished students; provide funds and treatment for children with medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS and mental health; provide medical supplies and support to underfunded hospitals and clinics so that impoverished paediatric patients may receive improved care; undertake and support projects which enhance a family’s or a community’s ability to care for the health, welfare, or education of its children.

ICO currently operates in the Guyana, Jamaica, St.

ICO's volunteers in Guyana enjoy putting smiles on children's faces

Lucia, South Africa and the U.S.A. During 2016, Guyana has benefitted from a number of ICO’s outreaches.

The first of these outreaches entailed a visit from seven volunteers from Florida International University (FIU) to the St. Ann’s girls’ orphanage in Georgetown.

The volunteers spent a week at the orphanage where they were able to bond with the girls and used arts and crafts to help to teach the girls how to express themselves in a way that was positive and useful. By the end of the week, the girls, guided by their new friends, had made pencil holders, toothbrush cases and vases, among other things.

Apart from the time spent at the orphanage, the FIU students were able to visit the ICO community centre currently under construction in Craig, East Bank of Demerara, where they were able to offer the mason some assistance in the construction process.

Finally, the volunteers visited Grove Primary School, East Bank of Demerara, where they were able to participate in ICO’s monthly food hamper distribution programme. Every month at various primary schools ICO distributes hampers consisting of basic food items (rice, sugar, flour, salt, and butter, among others) to the families of impoverished children in the schools.

The second major outreach saw another donation of food items. ICO supplied all of the food to support the two-month ‘summer’ programme of the Ruimveldt

Her graduation was a proud moment as it was a step towards empowering herself to empower youths

Children’s Aid Centre. The food supplies donated to the children’s aid centre were prepared and presented by volunteers from ICO’s Guyana chapter, which was “established in accordance with Guyana’s laws” in August 2015.

The third outreach benefitted disadvantaged children. For the past three years, ICO has hosted an annual Back-to-School Fun Day in Guyana. This year,500 book bags and school supplies benefitted children from Ruimveldt’s riverview community, Alexander Village, Diamond/Grove Housing Scheme, Craig, Timehri and Kuru Kururu.

Additionally, many of the 1,000 children that attended the funday were able to access dental services, which, according to Onica, was previously unavailable to them.

In 2017, ICO will be hosting volunteers from Florida International University in Guyana, St. Lucia and South Africa once again. The

volunteers will be executing outreaches in the areas of Domestic Violence, Health and Education, Social development. Additionally, ICO will be opening its first community in Guyana, which is currently under construction in Craig on the East Bank of Demerara. The centre will boast a library, computer room, kitchen, meditation room and playground.

Additionally, the services of qualified tutors and mentors will be available free of cost to the children and young people of the neighbourhood.One other project anticipated to commence next year include ICO’s Annual Debating Competition.

Onica wholeheartedly believes that “in giving back, you not only learn the value of helping others, you appreciate the opportunities that you were given”.

For more information on Onica’s empowering work, visit International Children's Outreach Inc. (ICO) on Facebook.

Onica (seated left third in row) working with children in Guyana

6 Sunday Times Magazine

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OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Book World The Shaping of Guyanese Literature

A Banquet of Books Part II

By Petamber Persaud

(Extract of an interview with Ric Couchman, in Georgetown, Guyana; September, 2016.

Mr Couchman is an outdoorsman who would be launching four books of poetry on Friday Oct. 21, 2016 at the International Language Institute, Queenstown, Georgetown) PP ….

Earlier, we touched on your efforts to put your poetry to music but before we expand on that let’s look at a vexing subject: the decline in the appreciation of poetry.

RC First of all, there is a problem in the way poetry is instructed. In addition to this, there is the perception on the part of individuals who are not familiar with poetry that poetry is, as I said before, something enigmatic; something only a certain group of individuals understands – so it is entirely closed off to the ordinary people as inaccessible.

Well, I’ll like to say that is far from the truth because, as you alluded to in the beginning where prose came out of narrative poetry.

Information about what’s happening around in the world, information of things

Ric Couchman

going on in around you in the community – this was presented in narrative poetic form.

The “Iliad” that really great poem of Western civilization; the “Odyssey”, Ovid’s“Metamorphosis”; these were all presented poetically…dramatized, sort of. So there is nothing cryptic/hidden about poetry.

PP And there are the books from the East – the Mahabharata for instance…

RC Oh, the Mahabharata is my favourite book in the entire world.

If I was left on a desert island and I was asked what is the one book you would have with you there, it would be the Mahabharata - William Buck’s translation of the

Mahabharata. You can’t find a better story about humanity than the Mahabharata.

That’s another book that really influenced my writing.

Since we’re on the Mahabharata, let me say that my religious upbringings also influenced my writing. I was born and raised a Roman Catholic. By virtue of living in Bagotstown, I was exposed to Hinduism - I was immersed in it. My father enrolled me in the masjid in Peter’s Hall; I attended that mosque and I learnt the maktab and learnt some Arabic. So I was immersed in the religious activities of the village – the funeral rites, the wedding ceremony; as a child, I just sucked it up all up.

PP It’s time to hear how you treated those experiences in your poetry. So we’ll close with the poem, Bagotstown. But just before that let me give the opportunity to share your intention to extend the life of your poetry by transforming it into other art forms…

RC What I’ve been doing recently was creating some small videos by having individuals recite the poems to which music is added – finding the sort of music that fits in with the theme of the work.Last week I was having a conversation with a singer/songwriter – a won-

derful singer who was voicetrained by his mom – something you don’t hear these days: people doing voice training. Anyhow, I told him about my poetry and he encouraged me to read. While I was reading, he suggested we collaborate… and that was it. He knew a studio around the corner in Queenstown…so last night we recorded a poem “those there before” on the indiscriminate killing of children around the world, destroying our civilization; whileI read, he did his stuff and it was fantastic.

PP It is good that we are finding newer ways of extending the life of our poetry. For instance, the dub poetry and the spoken word poetry have a sizable following.Ric, we started by locating you in Bagotstown and I know you have immortalized that place in poetry, so let’s have a piece that poem now.

RC Six o’clock bees and crappoes Announce the coming of night The time when jumbies roam And the moongazer…

Stares sightlessly at the moon And ole higues shed shrivelled skin….

In the distance a comfa drum

Cover of one of Couchman’sbooks

Measures out its hypnotic beat…

Fathers, mothers, children, neighbours Gather on front step Sharing stories of Anancy and Balgobin…

PP Thank you.I really wanted to get into this other book “3 am…”

RC The Devil’s Hour PP Not really. There’s

the other side when the muses visit. It’s that time when we – the writer, artist, and musician create…And this side – the solitary toiling of the writer is seldomseen by people …

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@ yahoo.com

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 7

Times Heritage

Part II

B

ritish historian James Rodway (1848 -1926) wrote regularly about the colony of British Guiana, from which today we are able to learn of many aspects of our early history.

One such is the story behind the names of the plantations of the day that have now become our towns, villages and neighbourhoods; many others which may also be lost to time and memory. Here is an edited excerpt of his essay entitled, “The Names of our Plantations”, published in the Timehri: the journal of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British Guiana (1911).

Partnerships are represented by Two Brothers, Friends, Two or Three Friends, or between the friends (Tusschen de Vrienden), this last spoiled by leaving out one S, and often reduced to Tuschen.

Other friendly names are Friend's Retreat, Friendship and Fellowship; probably

Plantation Enmore, East Coast Demerara, c1903

also Le Ressouvenir a souvenir of friendship.

Union (Vereenigen) was always useful, as was also Unity.

Loyalty and love of

country is shown by Britannia,Waterloo and Wellington, Prins Willem V., Hollandia, Zeelandia, Vriesland, Haags Boschand Huis in t' Bosch. The two

last refer to the Palace at The Hague and not as some think to old hags. La Belle Alliance, which settled the peace of Europe, was worth commemorating .

A strong religious feeling is shown by such names as Paradise, Garden of Eden, Land of Canaan, Land of Promise, Land of Plenty , an Angel's rest Engel Rust), an Angel's burgh (Engelenburg), Jerusalem and Salem also Joppa.

Through De Wildernis from Egypt, he passed Mara where possibly his experiences were bitter, but trusting in Providence expected to come at last to his desired haven.

The Hermitage and the oratory (L'Oratoire) suggest religious retirement, and the pathetic names of De Saffon’s estates penitence, repentance and regret (La Penitence, Le Repentirand Le Regret) seem also to mean deep feelings of remorse, whatever be the truth of the story that one brother killed another in a duel.

Descriptive names are not rare. Position is indicated by Look Out, Belvedere, La Reconnaisanceand Prospect.

Some local condition is shown by Sandy Point, sand brook (Zandvliet), sand in front (Zandvoort), a brook (Watervliet), Dryshore and high and dry (Hoog en Droog).

Only up the rivers is high land to be found, it follows therefore that names with mount and hill are very rare; there is however one hill. (Den Heuvel) and bush and hill (StrikenHeuvel).

Bush is too common to be worth distinguishing, we have however Bush Lot, Woodlands, rough bush (Hardenbosch) and Bushy Park, which last however may be a reminiscence of the English country seat of that name; Hyde Park is obvious, and Park is hardly distinctive.

A reference to snakes appears in Slingeland.

Marshes, like bush, are very common but not

distinguished;Poelwyk is a marshy retreat.

The neighbourhood of the sea is shown by Regt door Zee close to the sea,Zeezight, a sea view, Zeelugt sea air, Seafield and Zeeburg a sea castle.

At first sight the eye or hole in the sail appears to refer to a ship, but it is most likely proverbial, Het oog in t’ Zeil, a flaw or drawback, “a blot on the escutcheon.”

A new arrival rowed ashore, hence Strangroen, or perhaps it is a figure of speech, “pulling hard against the stream.”

The drainage is represented by Nooten Zuil and Ahram Zuil, Nooten's and Abram's canals;Swanenschutz is the sluice of Mynheer Swaen.

Flatness and a wide view are indicated by Greenfield, a beautiful plain Belle Plaine), a fair or wide field (Belfield and Ruimveldt), a beautiful or extensive view(Bellevue and Ruimzigt), a joyful sight (Bly Zight), a happy dale (Blyendaal), a hollow (Hohleval), and a beautiful spot (Schoon Ord).

Freshness and green fields are patent in Spring and Le Printemps, Spring Garden and Le Jardin de Provence; in spring there was La Parfaite Harmonie with the song of birds (Vogelzang).

The grant was a Farmor La Grange, (owner des Granges), a Moor Farm, a Dead Tree Farm. It was lovely, it was the planter's choice (Mon Choisi), it pleased him (Me Delices); it was well situated (Welgeleegan), — Goed Bananen Land, a Canefield or Best Coffee Land. There was also a good neighbour (Beauvoisin).

The village (La Bourgade) seems almost prophetic for the name occurs before Cumingsburg was laid out.

(TO BE CONTINUED)

Looking southwards along Camp Street from the intersection of Camp & Regent at St Mary's RC Church circa 1890

Water Street, Georgetown, British Guiana

A photograph taken outside the Great House at the Enmore plantation in British Guiana, c1876 (JohnPlatt photo. http://aaww.org/coolie-woman-gaiutra-bahadur/)

8 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Travel & Tourism

As the sun sets the views get more spectacular

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upununi is one of the last great wilderness areas on the planet and a biological treasure trove with a level of species richness on par with that of all of western Amazonia.

Since the 17th century when Sir Walter Raleigh was convinced that the Rupununi was the location of the mythical El Dorado, this remarkable area has captured the imaginations of explorers and naturalists.

But El Dorado lives on. Travelling from Yupukari, Rupununi – more than 45 minutes

A view of El Dorado

of expansive landscape – there lies, among the beauty of Guyana’s interior savannah, El Dorado.

It is a picturesque location in the Rupununi savannahs decorated with the calm waters of Lake Amucu and teeming with life.

As the sun sets, El Dorado shines. It is a view that will take your breath away! Exploring El Dorado offers an unforgettable journey.

(Photos by Rupununi Learners Inc.) (Cover photo: The Rupununi savannah (Photo by Hannes Rada on Flickr)

El Dorado teeming with beautiful plants and insects

Infinite land and sky- the reason the Rupununi is renowned as one of Guyana's most spectacular locations to visit

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 9

Times Healthy Living

T

here are many different parts of the eye that help to create vision. Light passes through the cornea, the clear, domeshaped surface that covers the front of the eye. The cornea bends - or refracts - this incoming light.

The iris, the coloured part of the eye, regulates the size of the pupil, the opening that controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

Behind the pupil is the lens, a clear part of the eye that further focuses light, or an image, onto the retina.

The retina is a thin, delicate, photosensitive tissue that contains the special “photoreceptor” cells that convert light into electrical signals.

These electrical signals are processed further, and then travel from the retina of the eye to the brain through the optic nerve, a bundle of about one million nerve fibres. We “see” with our brains; our eyes collect visual information and begin this complex process.

Common Vision Problems

The most common vision problems are refractive errors, more commonly known as near-sightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism and presbyopia.

Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina. The length of the eyeball (either

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longer or shorter), changes in the shape of the cornea, or aging of the lens can cause refractive errors. Most people have one or more of these conditions.

Near-sightedness (also called myopia) is a condition where objects up close appear clearly, while objects far away appear blurry. With near-sightedness, light comes to focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina.

Farsightedness (also called hyperopia) is a common type of refractive error where distant objects may be seen more clearly than objects that are near.

However, people experience farsightedness differently.

Some people may not notice any problems with their vision, especially when they are young. For people with significant farsightedness, vision can be blurry for objects at any distance, near or far.

Astigmatism is a condition in which the eye does not focus light evenly onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This can cause images to appear blurry and stretched out.

Presbyopia is an age-related condition in which the ability to focus up close becomes more difficult. As the eye ages, the lens can no longer change shape enough to allow the eye to focus close objects clearly. Presbyopia affects most adults over age

35.

Other refractive errors can affect both children and adults. Individuals who have parents with certain refractive errors may be more likely to get one or more refractive errors.

Blurred vision is the most common symptom of refractive errors. Other symptoms may include double vision, haziness, glare or halos around bright lights, squinting, headaches or eye strain.

An eye care professional can diagnose refractive errors during a comprehensive dilated eye examination.

People with a refractive error often visit their eye care professional with complaints of visual discomfort or blurred vision. However, some people don’t know they aren’t seeing as clearly as they could.

Refractive errors can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery.

Age-related eye diseases and conditions ---SUBHEAD Since your 40s, you probably noticed that your vision is changing. Perhaps you need glasses to see up close or you have more trouble adjusting to glare or distinguishing some colours.

These changes are a normal part of aging.

These changes alone cannot stop you from enjoying an active lifestyle or stop you from maintaining your independence. In fact, you can live an active life well

Tips for Healthy Eyes

ave a comprehensive dilated eye exam. You might think your vision is fine or that your eyes are healthy, but visiting your eye care professional for a comprehensive dilated eye exam is the only way to really be sure. When it comes to common vision problems, some people don’t realize they could see better with glasses or contact lenses. In addition, many common eye diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic eye disease and age-related macular degeneration often have no warning signs. A dilated eye exam is the only way to detect these diseases in their early stages.

Know your family’s eye health history.

Talk to your family members about their eye health history. It’s important to know if anyone has been diagnosed with a disease or condition since many are hereditary. This will help to determine if you are at higher risk for developing an eye disease or condition.

Eat right to protect your sight. You’ve heard carrots are good for your eyes. But eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, particularly dark leafy greens such as spinach, kale, or collard greens is important for keeping your eyes healthy. Research has also shown there are eye health benefits from eating fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut.

Maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or obese increases your risk of developing diabetes and other systemic conditions, which can lead to vision loss, such as diabetic eye disease or glaucoma. If you are having trouble maintaining a healthy weight, talk to your doctor.

Wear protective eyewear. Wear protective

eyewear when playing sports or doing activities around the home. Practice workplace eye safety. When protective eyewear is required as a part of your job, make a habit of wearing the appropriate type at all times and encourage your co-workers to do the same.Protective eyewear includes safety glasses and goggles, safety shields, and eye guards specially designed to provide the correct protection for a certain activity.

Quit smoking or never start. Smoking is as bad for your eyes as it is for the rest of your body. Research has linked smoking to an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and optic nerve damage, all of which can lead to blindness.

Sunglasses are a great fashion accessory, but their most important job is to protect your eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. When purchasing sunglasses, look for ones that block out 99 to 100 percent of both UV-A and UV-B radiation.

Give your eyes a rest. If you spend a lot of time at the computer or focusing on any one thing, you sometimes forget to blink and your eyes can get fatigued. Try the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look away about 20 feet in front of you for 20 seconds. This can help reduce eyestrain.

Clean your hands and your contact lensesproperly. To avoid the risk of infection, always wash your hands thoroughly before putting in or taking out your contact lenses.

Make sure to disinfect contact lenses as instructed and replace them as appropriate.

(Source: National Eye Institute)

into your golden years without ever experiencing severe vision loss.

But as you age, you are at higher risk of developing age-related eye diseases and conditions. These include: age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic eye disease, glaucoma, low vision and dry eye.

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a disease associated with aging that gradually destroys sharp, central vision.

Central vision is needed for seeing objects clearly and for common daily tasks such as reading and driving.

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye.

Vision with cataract can appear cloudy or blurry, colours may seem faded and you may notice a lot of glare.

Diabetic eye disease is a complication of diabetes and

a leading cause of blindness.

The most common form is diabetic retinopathy which occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside the retina.

Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye’s optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. It is usually associated with high pressure in the eye and affects side or peripheral vision.

Dry eye occurs when the eye does not produce tears properly, or when the tears are not of the correct consistency and evaporate too quickly. Dry eye can make it more difficult to perform some activities, such as using a computer or reading for an extended period of time.

Low vision means that even with regular glasses, contact lenses, medicine,

or surgery, people find everyday tasks difficult to do.

Reading the mail, shopping, cooking, seeing the TV, and writing can seem challenging. But, many people with low vision are taking charge.

Everyone age 50 or older should visit an eye care professional for a comprehensive dilated eye exam. Many eye diseases have no early warning signs or symptoms, but a dilated exam can detect eye diseases in their early stages before vision loss occurs.

Early detection and treatment can help you save your sight.

Even if you aren’t experiencing any vision problems, visit your eye care professional for a dilated eye exam. He or she will tell you how often you need to have one depending on your specific risk factors.

10 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Fashion

The art of accessories

D

esigner Audrey Callender recently released her chic collection, catering for all body types and gender.

The passionate fashion designer is one of many talented designers

participating in the upcoming Guyana Fashion Week.

This week, Sunday Times Magazine features a few abstract prints and patterned texture designs from Audrey’s Blue Ivy collection.

Patrons can see more of the designer’s collection at Guyana Fashion Week slated for Nov. 6-13, 2016 at Pegasus Hotel.(Photos by Keno George)

D

esigning fashionable bags and purses is what Melana Hudson passionately pursues.

Melana’s mission is to become an internationally renowned designer.

“My inspiration comes from fabrics: looking and absorbing its design, colours,textures, weight and the way it feels, all of which trigger my wild imagination. I then begin to mentally view it in a style that would complement the fabric. Inspiration also comes from my customers; their satisfaction or dissatisfaction propels me to do always be better,” the designer said in an interview with Sunday Times Magazine.

The self-taught designer is no stranger to the local fashion scene as she received rave reviews for her pieces displayed at a fashion event held last year by local designer Denyse Gomes Grant of Denyse Fashions. Melana, who has been designing for over two years, also displayed pieces at the Miss East Coast Beauty witha purpose pageant in September 2016 According to the designer, her greatest challenge is sourcing fabrics and hardware for bags. Melana mentioned she is “forced to shop

Designer Melana Hudson

abroad and import materials which sometimes can be costly”.

Although faced with challenges, the designer is focused on becoming “one of the biggest bag designers coming out of Guyana, operating a successful fashion companyand exporting pieces”. Additionally, she intends to venture into shoe design so that she can offer her clients “a complete package” because “in fashion, a matching bag and shoe is a must”.

For more information, visit Mhdesigns on Facebook or call 6659792.

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 11

Star Times Hollywood

R

ebbeca Marie Gomez, born March 2, 1997, better known by her stage name Becky G, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, actress and model. Gomez first gained recognition in 2011 when she began posting videos of herself covering popular songs online. Her official debut single, "Becky from the Block" (2013), received a positive reception upon its release. She released her debut extended play, “Play It Again” (2013), later that same year. Her second single, "Can't Get Enough" (2014), featured guest vocals from Pitbull and went on to top the Latin Rhythm Airplay chart in the United States.Gomez achieved mainstream success with the release of "Shower" (2014), which went on to enter the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The single would go on to receive a multi-platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. In television, she portrayed Valentina Galindo in two episodes of the musical television series “Empire”, contributing two new songs to the soundtrack of the series. Gomez was featured on the song "Superstar" (2016) with Pitbull. She released her first Spanish single, "Sola" (2016), which is set to appear on her debut studio album.

Gomez is also set to star as Trini Kwan the Yellow Ranger in the superhero film “Power Rangers” (2017).

12 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Hollywood

Halle Berry blasts fan Hilary Duff defends accusing her of being Selena Gomez ashamed of her children H H alle Berry has been doing her best to protect her children's privacy. For the sake of her own kids, Nahla Aubrey and Maceo Martinez, the actress shared on Instagram earlier this week a rare picture of them with half of their faces cropped out.

However, she ended up getting criticized by one of her followers, who clearly had no idea why it was important for her to keep her kids out of the spotlight.

"What's with the hiding of the faces? They're beautiful children why not show them off," the fan wrote in the comment section.

Apparently, that wasn't the fan's first time to have called her out for hiding her children's faces. "I've noticed you have said this several times now, so let me be clear -- I'm not at all ashamed of my children," Berry responded to the criticism.

"I try to find creative ways to incorporate them into my feed because they are the biggest part of my life, but I also work very hard to keep their identities as private as I can considering they are only children," she explained.

"It's my belief, and I'm not criticizing others who have different beliefs, that it's my job as their mother to protect their privacy

as best I can," she continued. "When they grow and they're of age and they want [to] share their images on the Internet, that will be for them to decide, not me. Feel me? Have a beautiful day."

A lot of Berry's other followers then came to her defense and showed support for her. "Yes, @halleberry, their privacy is sacred.

Brava for such a wise decision in an age full of unwise actions toward children," user hottiehadee said.

"OMG! This is @halleberry IG account. She can post whatever she wants & no one should have any qualms about it. Just because she is a celebrity does not mean you all need

to question what or how she posts what she wants on her own IG page. SMH That's like going in someone's living room & questioning all the decor," user bebe0222 added.

After many fans defended Berry, the critic returned to Instagram and explained her earlier comments. "I wasn't being negative in the comments, just stating my opinion and she stated hers which I respect and have always respected," she said.

"I stand by my position I want to see more of Halle Berry I love her more than any of you out there otherwise you wouldn't be satisfied with not seeing a lot of her." (AceShowbiz)

ilary Duff opens up about her tough transition from a child TV star to a recording artist. In radio interview with Jenny Hutt on "Just Jenny", the former "Lizzie McGuire" star sympathizes fellow Disney star like Selena Gomez, who faces constant media scrutiny as the most followed person on Instagram.

"I think it's hard. I just feel for them," Hilary says, "I mean, it was just a different time for me. When I was just coming on to the scene was when all the gossip stuff started, but now it's at such an extreme level. And there's just such a focus on personal life. It must be a really tough struggle. I feel it and I am not even dealing with it at the level they're dealing with it."

The 29-year-old actress and singer continues, "I think the saving grace is that she makes great music and people love her. Yeah,

I'm sure there is some truth to all kinds of things they say, and then they are just making up stuff to sell magazines. People read it and it falls out of their heads so fast now. The public is smart to gossip magazines now knowing they are just trying to make money. I'm sure they gossip about it with their friends for a second, but at the end of the day, they love those people

and they love their music."

Selena went on hiatus due to depression stemming from lupus in late August. The "Hands to Myself" hitmaker reportedly has checked into rehab.

While Selena has been lying low, she was recently dragged into the ongoing rumors surrounding Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie's divorce.

(AceShowbiz)

Victoria Beckham reveals skin clearing secret

V

ictoria Beckham has revealed her top tip for achieving clear skin and it isn't what you may think.

The 42-year-old fashion designer told The Edit that she eats fresh salmon every single day (no cheat days allowed) after her dermatologist vowed that daily consumption of the fish would result in clear and healthy skin.

"I see a dermatologist in LA, called Dr Harold Lancer, who is incredible," she told the magazine. "I've known him for years he sorted my skin out. I used to have really problematic skin and he said to me, 'You have to eat salmon every single day.' I said, 'Really, every day?' And he said, 'Yes; breakfast, lunch or dinner, you have to eat it every single day.'"

The mother-of-three decided to share the sacred skin clearing tip because she wants all women to have as much knowledge about beauty as she does.

"There are two types of women out there: there's the kind of woman who finds something nice and likes to keep it to herself, and then there's the other type, which is me, who wants to share," she said.

"I have worked with the best makeup artists, hairdressers and stylists, and I've

J

ohn Legend has released the first single from his much an-

learned so much. I haven't always got it right, but when I've got it wrong, I've actually learned an enormous amount from that, too. I want to share everything I know."

(Glamour)

ticipated upcoming album Darkness & Light.

The Grammy award-win-

ning musician has both written and produced the new song called “Love Me Now�, and has described it as being "all about living and loving to the fullest."

Speaking about the single, Legend said: "I'm so excited to finally share music from my new album. I've put a lot of love and energy into making this album special. I hope my fans can feel it."

To make it feel extra special, the singer has featured an intimate shot of he and his wife Chrissy Teigen for the cover of the single.

(Glamour)

guyanatimesgy.com

H

arshavardhan Rane, born December 16, 1983, is an Indian film actor known for his works in Telugu cinema and Bollywood.

Over the years, Harshavardhan acted in several Telugu films. He is best known for “Thakita Thakita” (2010), “Prema Ishq Kaadhal” (2013), and “Anaamika” (2014). His Bollywood debut was in “Sanam Teri Kasam”, which was released by Eros International on February 5, 2016. He is now preparing to release his second Bollywood movie “Satra Ko Shaadi Hain”, which is produced by actorturned producer John Abraham.

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 13

Star Times Bollywood

14 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Bollywood

Neil Nitin Mukesh: Radhika: ‘Jokes on colour, body ‘I’m probably the shaming should not be encouraged’ most romantic C person in the world’

A

ctor Neil Nitin Mukesh, who has mostly played negative roles in films, says in real life he is the most romantic person.

Neil has played characters with grey shades in films like “Johnny Gaddar”, “Players”, “Saat Khoon Maaf”, “David”, “Prem Ratan Dhan Payo” and others.

“I am the most romantic person probably in the world. I enjoy doing grey characters because in personal life I am totally oppo-

site. My mom once told me that she wants to be born as my girlfriend in the next birth because she sees me how I am, I am extremely expressive and she loves me for that. Without love, I feel lost,” Neil said in a statement.

The popular Bollywood villains will be sharing their favourite songs, their likes and dislikes on the show Raavan Reloaded which will be aired on Zoom channel.

Neil, 34, reveals his favourite song is “Tum Hi Ho” from “Aashiqui 2”.(PTI)

oming out in support of her costar Tannishtha Chatterjee who was ‘roasted’ for her dark skin on a TV comedy show, Radhika Apte feels one shouldn’t crack jokes on someone’s colour and body structure.

Tannishtha had revealed on social media that she had walked out midway through the recording of the show Comedy Nights Bachao because she was ‘roasted’ for her skin tone.

The 35-year-old internationally acclaimed actress was on the show to promote her film recently released film Parched, produced by Ajay Devgn. “I think jokes on colour or body shaming shouldn’t be made. It’s not funny to crack such jokes.

Do you crack a joke on fair

skin (people)? No right ? So don’t do it (joke on dark skin people). There has to be a

limit,” said Radhika.

Meanwhile, following the Uri terror attack, Bollywood

K

areena Kapoor Khan, who is expecting her first child, has rejected offers to endorse six brands that make products for babies and pregnant women.

Not only is Kareena Kapoor Khan a desired actor, but is also a wanted name for brand endorse-

ments. The actor has also promoted some brands with her husband, Saif Ali Khan.

Recently, Kareena came on

board to endorse a pregnancy testing kit.

A source reveals that several companies have

seems to be divided over Pakistani artistes working in India.

The 31-year-old feels talent across the border should be encouraged.

When asked if one should encourage talent or impose a ban in such a scenario, Radhika says, “What has happened in Kashmir is terrible. But it shouldn’t determine other things (working of artistes in India) as its a political debate. I feel art has the power to bind us. We should encourage talent.”

Radhika is elated with the response to Leena Yadav’s directorial venture “Parched”.

“I feel every film has an audience and it feels great that people today love to watch kind of cinema as well.” (PTI)

been approaching the actor to become their brand ambassador. Apparently, she was also asked to be the face of a fashion line for pregnant women. The source says, “Kareena has been flooded with offers. But she has rejected more than six brands in a row. Just because she is going to be a mother soon doesn’t mean she wants to endorse everything related to maternity.”

The source adds that the star is not keen to take up any of the deals. “Kareena believes that endorsing baby products is a huge responsibility and will only come on board for the brands that she believes in.” (Hindustan Times)

What’s cooking between Priyanka Chopra and Tom Hiddleston?

I

s something cooking between actor Priyanka Chopra and English actor Tom Hiddleston? Ever since the two presented an award together at the Emmys in Los Angeles, there have been rumours that they are dating.

At the ceremony, Hiddleston, known for his portrayal of Loki in the film, “Thor”, gave a twirl to

PeeCee and she couldn’t stop gushing about it. Reports suggested that the two flirted at the Emmys after-party. “Tom had his arm around her and held her close.

Priyanka fixed his bow-tie and the two kissed on both cheeks,” a source was quoted as saying.

“Glee” actor Lea Michele, too, confirmed on the Ellen DeGeneres show that the

two were dating.

When Ellen asked if Lea would date Hiddleston, she said, “He has got too much going on. I can’t get with that. Now there’s Priyanka Chopra, he loves her, they were flirting.”

Both Tom and Priyanka have remained tight lipped about their supposed link up.

Recently, during a question and answer session with fellow actor Benedict Cumberbatch, Hiddleston was asked about his romantic life including his three month romance with Taylor Swift, which ended last month. Hiddleston said, “I’m not going to get into that. So that door is closed, dear reader,” he said.

(Hindustan Times)

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

15

Times Trends

Trending NOW

L

ip jewellery is having a moment and is one of the biggest beauty trends on Instagram. Lips are painted with metallic gold liner, then encrusted with heavy glitter to mimic the texture of precious rocks like amethysts, pyrites, and druzy quartz.

To seal everything in, lips are coated with a

Star of the week

slick of thick clear gloss.

It takes at least an hour to create each custom, opalescent pout; however, the end results are amazing.

Find your inspiration from these pout perfect designs featured today.

Jennifer Lopez stunning crystal lips

I

Amethyst lips

Dripping gold over crystals

Gold and amethyst accents

Stylish pout

man Jaisingh is a 21-year-old advocate who is passionate about spreading awareness on mental health issues. Iman currently resides in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., where she is completing her third year at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania pursuing studies in psychology.

Recently, Iman competed in the Miss Universe Guyana 2016 pageant, and although she did not win, Iman was able to use the platform given to her via the pageant to spread mental health awareness to secondary school children in Guyana. The advocate believes that informing our younger generations about mental health issues will help to decrease suicides in Guyana. In the future, Iman plans on obtaining her doctorate to become a psychiatrist.

16 Sunday Times Magazine

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Art

Stephen Singh

P

ossessing an innate talent for pencil drawing, Stephen Singh is following a path to become a notable artist.

In an interview with Sunday Times Magazine, Stephen said master painters, such as Michelangelo,

Leonard da Vinci, Rembrandt and Vincent Van Gogh, inspired him to draw.Famous artworks such as “The Last Supper” (a mural painting

by Leonardo da Vinci), “The Creation of Adam” (painting

by Michelangelo), “The Birth of Venus”(painting byItalian

Artist Stephen Singh

Detailed pencil drawing of a heart

painter Sandro Botticelli) and “The Mona Lisa” (a mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci) provide inspiration for Stephen.

“I was not always into arts, but more into sports and reading. I started drawing after secondary school and picked it up seriously in 2013. My friend gave me an art book and suggested I use charcoal, which made my drawings look more realistic. I mainstreamed into drawing portraits particularly with graphite and charcoal pencil. I also did inking, airbrush, painting, tattooing and wood carving. For additional inspiration, I talk to other young artists,” Stephen noted.

The artist

makes comparison between his artistic method to that of German composer and pianist, Beethoven.

“Beethoven can look at a piano and know exactly where to put his fingers to compose a symphony without anyone telling him.

Similarly, when I look at a place, person or thing, I have already drawn a picture of it in my mind. The possibilities of art are endless and this is what drives me to draw. Also, I do it because of a simple notion, ‘I can, I know I can and know I will’,” Stephen declared.

According to Stephen, art is a hobby for now and a means of “earning an extra income, which usually goes back into purchasing art supplies”. Although a hobby, for Stephen art means a catharsis of emotions. He does not aimlessly draw, but strives to incorporate deeper meaning, and capture details and intricacies, which set him apart as an artist. He enjoys drawing portraits and figures with an aim to make these look as realistic as possible.

When examining his intricate drawings, one would be amazed to learn that Stephen has never attended any art institutions. His natural skill to create astonish-

Stephen drawing "The Astronaut"

ing artworks is admirable.

Currently, the self-taught artist is working on promoting his art, and hopes to one day gain international recognition for his pencil drawings.

“For now, I’m gaining popularity via social media. My advice to young artists is to love whatever you draw and to use critiques as a motive to excel at drawing. There is no right way to draw or right technique to draw, however, whatever you draw should be

Intricate pencil drawing of a flower

"The Eye"

"The Astronaut"

your own style. Also, I want to encourage all other artists to look beyond borders and to see artworks from other parts of the world and learn from them, don't be confined to only local arts. Not only arts, but in everything you do, try to break borders and language barriers; be the writer of your own story, it will be retold,” the artist expressed.

For more information, visit SS Artworks on Facebook or call 618-2346.

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 17

Times Tech

A

pple is still the most valuable brand in the world, according to the latest ranking.

Branding consultancy Interbrand just announced its list of the Best Global Brands of 2016 and, as mentioned, Apple is at the top.

Again.

Interbrand calculates that the brand's value has increased by 5 percent since

Tech news

brand's products and services, the role of the brand in pulling the consumer toward choosing it and the strength of the brand in commanding a premium price or engendering vast amounts of money for its company.

And so the lone graying Apple is still perched atop the value tree. (CNET)

U.S. court reinstates Apple win over Samsung in patent case

A

federal appeals court on Friday reinstated a US$120 million jury award for Apple Inc against Samsung, in another stunning twist in the fierce patent war between the world's top smartphone manufacturers.

The full slate of judges on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington, D.C., said a previous panel of

Tech news

last year. Google, in second place, has grown by 11 percent. (Google and Apple have been the top 2 for the last four years.)

Coca-Cola is third (and declining) and Microsoft is fourth. These are followed

by Toyota, IBM, Samsung, Amazon, Mercedes-Benz and GE. Interbrandlooks at the financial performance of the

the same court should not have overturned the verdict in the case involving three iPhone technology patents last February.

Friday's 8-3 decision said the jury verdict was supported by substantial evidence and that the three-judge appeals court panel did not follow U.S. Supreme Court limits on the scope of its review.

The appeal stems from a May 2014 verdict from a federal court in San Jose, California, which ordered Samsung to pay US$119.6 million for using Apple's patented slide-to-unlock, autocorrect and "quick link" features without permission.

The jury had also found that Apple infringed a Samsung patent on digital photo technology and awarded $158,400 in damages. Friday's decision upholds that award.

The two companies have been battling over mobile device technology patents for years, with Apple mostly prevailing.

(Reuters)

BlackBerry will stop making its own phones

I

t's the end of an era for BlackBerry. The company, famous for making cellphones with physical keyboards that were once so popular people nicknamed them Crackberries, has decided to stop making its own devices.

BlackBerry said last week that it will rely on partners to manufacture the phones, which will still have BlackBerry's look and feel.

The company announced a joint venture with an Indonesian telecom company that will start making them. BlackBerry plans to turn its attention to software, a move it has made gradually in recent years as sales of its phones have slid.

Shares of BlackBerry rose 4% in early trading after the announcement. But the stock price is well below its peak from several years ago.

BlackBerry was once the phone of choice for Wall Street traders, politicians and celebrities, thanks in part to its well-regarded security system. President Obama was spotted with a BlackBerry. So was Kim Kardashian West.

(CNN)

Tech BYTE

Nike's 'Back to the Future' self-lacing shoes are awesome

Y

ou won't have to go too far into the future to pull on a pair of "Back to the Future"-style self-lacing shoes. Nike has confirmed it will sell the HyperAdapt 1.0 sneakers inspired by the movie on Monday, November 28.

The shoes will be available in select Nike stores in the US, according to a tweet from Nike PR Director Heidi Burgett.

When you put your foot in the shoe it lights up, as a pressure sensor in the sole draws tighter an arrangement of fishing line inside. You adjust the fit with two buttons on the front. The laces on the front are just for decoration, sadly.

One thing the futuristic vision of "Back to the Future" didn't include is how often we have to charge things these days. That includes the HyperAdapts, for which a full charge lasts two weeks.

Tech BYTE

P

Parent helmet puts kids in control of piggyback rides

iggyback Driver from creative lab Party New York is a combination of a crash helmet and a joking admission that, as a parent, you've given up on your independence.

First, you strap the Piggyback Driver onto your head like a bike helmet. Next, you heft a small child onto your shoulders, like you normally would if you're pretending to be a human horse. The kid grabs the handlebars on top, honks the horn and steers you as vibrations inside the helmet tell you which way to go.

LED turn signals light up to warn anybody around you which direction you're going. The faster you move, the faster the LEDs pulse.

The best part of the Piggyback Driver is that it guarantees you'll be spending some quality time with your kids. It's not a video game or an app. It works best when you've got room to romp. It's creative and playful and wonderfully strange, though not all parents will relish the idea of handing

their head-reins over to a toddler.

Party New York has a working prototype of the Piggyback Driver and is actively looking for partners to help it create a production model. Until then, your kids will just have to settle for regular piggyback rides.

18 Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Times Home & Cooking

guyanatimesgy.com

Recipe of the Week

Is a sunken living room for you?

A

sunken living room can be described as step down or bi-level design, where the other rooms of a house (like dining, kitchen and family room) are separate, but one can have a view of all the rooms while sitting in a sunken living room. It is sometimes referred to as a ‘conversation pit’. Some persons find bi-levels restrictive, while others find them outdated – sunken living rooms have been around since before the 1920s. Others however, believe that sunken living rooms add a classy look to the home...

High cupboards surround the sunken living room to add more privacy

Ingredients 4 lemongrass stalks, tough outer layers removed, chopped 1 medium shallot, chopped 2 garlic cloves, chopped ¼ cup fresh lime juice 2 teaspoons fish sauce

Method Process lemongrass, shallot, garlic, lime juice, fish sauce, brown sugar, and red pepper flakes in a food processor to a fine paste.

Season chicken with salt and pepper and place in a resealable plastic bag. Add lemongrass mixture; chill at least 30 minutes.

2 teaspoons light brown sugar ½ teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes 4 6-ounce skinless, boneless chicken breasts, pounded to ½-inch thickness Kosher salt, freshly ground pepper 2 tablespoons vegetable oil Lime wedges (for serving)

Heat oil in a large skillet over mediumhigh; remove chicken from marinade, scraping off excess, and cook until golden brown, 6–8 minutes; turn and cook until cooked through, about 2 minutes longer.

Serve chicken with lime wedges for squeezing over.

Serves 4

I

Luxurious sunken room designs are suited for those that love to include designer or custom made features

f you need two tablespoons of lemon juice immediately but don’t have any, substitute two tablespoons vinegar instead. If your recipe calls for a halfcup powdered sugar and you have none, grind halfcup granulated sugar in your blender until fine.

Wheat bread should not be confused with whole wheat bread. Wheat bread merely means the product is made using wheat flour, which is another term for refined white flour; whole wheat bread means that the bran, the germ, and the endosperm of the wheat kernel have all been left intact.

I

If you’re decorating a sunken living room, a built-in couch may best complement the space’s architectural features

f the roll of cling wrap keeps sticking to itself, pop it in the freezer. It will lose its static cling and not be able to stick to itself, but will still attach to plates and bowls you need to cover.

To extend the life of your favourite lipstick, the freezer is the best place for it. Lipstick works best when it is stored at cold temperatures, and it doesn’t get colder than the freezer.

Should you find some old sticking tape you even forgot you had, put it in the microwave for about 10 seconds and it will be back to its original sticky self.

For minor scrapes and scratches on furniture rub a walnut on the spot. The oils from the walnut help cover the scratches.

guyanatimesgy.com

OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine19

Family Times

PARENTING

Part II

I JOKES Losing weight

A guy is overweight, so his doctor puts him on a diet.

“I want you to eat regularly for two days, then skip a day, and repeat the procedure for two weeks.

The next time I see you, you'll have lost at least five pounds,” he instructed.

When the guy returns, he's lost nearly 20 pounds.

"Why, that's amazing!" the doctor says. "Did you follow my instructions?"

The guy nods. "I'll tell you, though, I thought I was going to drop dead that third day."

"From hunger, you mean?" said the doctor.

"No, from skipping," replied the guy.

On the job

A DEA agent stopped at a ranch and talked to an old rancher. He told the rancher, “I need to inspect your ranch for illegally grown drugs.”

The rancher said, “okay, but don’t go into that field over there…”, as he pointed out the location.

The DEA agent verbally exploded and said, “look mister, I have the authority of the federal government with me!” Reaching into his rear back pocket, the arrogant officer removed his badge and proudly displayed it to the rancher. “See this badge?!

This badge means I can go wherever I want… On any land! No questions asked, no answers given! Do you understand old man?!”

The rancher kindly nodded, apologized, and went about his chores. Moments later the rancher heard loud screams, he looked up and saw the DEA agent running for his life, being chased by the rancher’s big bull…

With every step the bull was gaining ground on the officer, and it was likely that he’d sure enough get gored before he reached safety. The officer was clearly terrified.

The old rancher threw down his tools, ran as fast as he could to the fence, and yelled at the top of his lungs: “YOUR BADGE! SHOW HIM YOUR BADGE!”

Moving Out

A woman walked into the pet shop and told the owner she needed a rat and a couple of cockroaches.

“What do you need them for?”

“Because,” said the woman, “I’m moving and my lease says that when I move out I must leave the place in the same condition as I found it!”

n the home, a lack of access to healthy, wholesome foods and inadequate physical activity contributes to children becoming overweight and not getting adequate nutrition for their growth and development.

Children need at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity in the form of physical play or sports.

Children who do not get enough to eat are at risk of developing chronic health conditions, behavioural problems, academic struggles, anxiety, depression and even obesity, especially if they only have access to poor quality processed food.

Unhealthy weight control behaviours have been found to co-occur with obesity. Many adolescents, particularly teenage girls, have body image concerns and engage in these behav-

iours threatening both their physical and mental health.

Food advertising targeted at children is dominated by commercials for unhealthy food (e.g., candy, sugary cereals, sug-

STORY TIME

The jackal saved lion

O

nce upon a time there was a lion in a jungle. Once when he had gone to drink water in a stream, his feet got stuck into the wet slushy mud of the stream and he could not get out. He had to lie without food for days like that as he saw no help coming by.

One day, a kind jackal came by and the jackal dug a way out from the sand and with the extra force from the lion, helped him get out of the slush and set him free.

The lion was grateful for this and thanked the jackal for the saving of his life. He then offered the

jackal to live close to him and also promised to feed him whenever he caught food.

So the jackal started living with the lion and they shared the hunt.

Soon they expanded their families and had cubs and kid jackals.

After a long time, the lioness, lady of the lion's house, grew tired of the friendship of the jackal and her master. She did not know that only the jackal saved lion.

She conveyed the message to her cubs who conveyed the message to the jackal kids who complained to the lady jackal. The lady

jackal told of this to her husband.

The jackal went to the lion, and told him that if he did not want the jackal to stay with him, he should have told him long time back.

The lion was surprised at this and assured the jackal that no such ill-feelings existed between the lion and the jackal and assured him that he would talk to the lioness.

But the wise jackal then said, "Friend, I know you are sincere. But our families may not exactly reciprocate the same level of friendship. So let us stay apart, and meet often as friends and even may go for killing together. But it is better if our family stays apart from yours."

The lion agreed to this and the two families parted as friends, and the jackal and the lion were still close friends and used to go for kills together.

Moral: Don’t expect your family to reciprocate the same level of friendship you have with someone.

Bad tire

Walking into the third-grade gym class,the gym teacher yelled: “All right, everybody on their backs. I want you to pretend you’re riding a bike.”

Dropping to the floor, the students began kicking their legs in the air, all except for one boy who slowly moved one leg in the air while keeping the other on the floor.

“What’s wrong?” asked the gym teacher.

“Isn’t it obvious?” said the boy. “I’ve got a flat.”

Catching the ferry

Mr. Kipper knew he was late when he spotted the ferry just a few feet from the dock. Running as fast as he could, he leaped across the water, barely landing on the boat’s deck.

“That was sure a close one,” said Mr. Kipper as a nearby stranger helped him to his feet.

“What’s the hurry?” said the stranger. “This ferry’s just arriving.”

ary beverages, processed snack foods, fast food restaurants). Food advertising is pervasive and can be found on multiple media platforms (TV, web and even embedded in computer games).

Advertising by other industries often objectifies girls and women, contributing to body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, low selfesteem and depression.

Television viewing is linked to childhood obesity because it displaces physical activity, increases snacking behaviour while watching, and exposes children to potentially harmful advertising and reduces their resting metabolism.

(TO BE CONTINUED)

By Grammar G

‘Alliterative absurdities’

A

lliteration is the repetition of an initial consonant sound in successive words. While alliteration is often associated with literary language, it also appears in many common idioms and advertising slogans.

There is also a lighter side to alliteration – such as the following “exercise in alliteration”which originally appeared in “Gleanings from the Harvest-Fields of Literature, Science and Art: A Melange of Excerpta, Curious, Humorous, and Instructive”, edited by Charles C. Bombaugh (T. Newton Kurtz, 1860).

Cherished chess! The charms of thy checkered chambers chain me changelessly. Chaplains have chanted thy charm-

ing choiceness; chieftains have changed the chariot and the chase for the chaster chivalry of the chessboard, and the cheerier charge of the chess-knights. Chaste-eyed Caissa1! For thee are the chaplets of chainless charity and the chalice of childlike cheerfulness. No chilling churl, no cheating chafferer, no chattering changeling, no chanting charlatan can

Leaning into the afternoons Leaning into the afternoons, I cast my sad nets towards your oceanic eyes.

There, in the highest blaze my solitude lengthens and flames; Its arms turning like a drowning man's.

I send out red signals across your absent eyes That wave like the sea, or the beach by a lighthouse.

You keep only darkness my distant female; From your regard sometimes, the coast of dread emerges.

Leaning into the afternoons, I fling my sad nets to that sea that is thrashed By your oceanic eyes.

The birds of night peck at the first stars That flash like my soul when I love you.

The night, gallops on its shadowy mare Shedding blue tassels over the land.

---Pablo Neruda be thy champion; the chivalrous, the charitable, and the cheerful are the chosen ones thou cherishest. Chance cannot change thee: from the cradle of childhood to the charnel-house, from our first childish chirpings to the chills of the church-yard, thou art our cheery, changeless chieftainess.

Chastener of the churlish, chider of the changeable, cherisher of the chagrined, the chapter of thy chiliad2 of charms should be chanted in cherubic chimes by choicest choristers, and chiselled on chalcedon in cherubic chirography3.

1 Caïssa: the goddess of chess, as invented by Italian poet Hieronymus Vida in the poem "Scacchia, Ludus" (1527) 2 chiliad: a group of 1,000 things or years. Pronounced KILL-ee-ad.

3 chirography: handwriting, penmanship, calligraphy

20 Sunday Times Magazine

OCTOBER 9, 2016

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Times Sunday Puzzle

Figure out what is unusual about this paragraph: How quickly can you find out what is so unusual about this paragraph? It looks so ordinary that you would think that nothing is wrong with it at all, and, in fact, nothing is. But it is unusual. Why? If you study it and think about it, you may find out, but I am not going to assist you in any way. You must do it without coaching. No doubt, if you work at it for long, it will dawn on you. Who knows? Go to work and try your skill.

Par is about half an hour. see ANSWERS on page 23

see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

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OCTOBER 9, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 21

Times Kids

Creature Corner

T

he panda ant (Euspinolia militaris) is not actually an ant but a wasp that received its name due to its black and white, panda-like markings. They belong to the wasp family Mutillidae, commonly referred to as Velvet Ants.

First discovered to western science in 1938 on the coastal region of Central Chile in South America, panda ants prefer dry, sandy, free-draining soils. Panda Ants do not live in colonies and do not have queens, drones and workers, like ants do.

Panda ants also get their other common name “Cow Killer Ants” from the extremely painful sting they can deliver, though only female panda ants can sting. Maleslack a stinger but have wings; the female has no wings.

Panda ants have an extremely hard exoskeleton that allows them to invade the nests of their prey, as well as help protect against attack from soldier ants and other predators. It also helps reduce water loss in their dry habitat.

Help the boy find the cupcake

GEOZONE

Lightning sprites photographed over Hurricane Matthew on October 1

S

prites are a rarely seen form of lightning that briefly flashes near the edge of space – about 50 miles above the ground. They're rarely documented because they are so short lived (typically about 10 milliseconds) and are often hidden by clouds.The phenomenon was thought to be a myth, until it was photographed by a pilot in 1989.

According to National Geographic, sprites are momentary bursts of electricity; sprites are also called “upward lightning” and “cloud-tostratospheric lightning”.

Sprites are thought to be produced

when discharged electricity shoots out from the top of a cloud, instead of heading to the ground. They usually form above powerful thunderstorms or hurricanes, where lots of electrical energy is mixing – though the precise details of how sprites form is not yet understood.

As Hurricane Matthew intensified into a Category 5 storm in the Caribbean, lighting sprites, seen as fleeting flashes of brilliant red light above the clouds, were photographed by an observer southwest of Puerto Rico.

Colouring Fun

Maze Daze The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order.

Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order. Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all please see solution on page 23

digits 1 through 9.

22 Sunday Times Magazine

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Sunday Times Magazine 23

Times World

Dasara Doll Festival N

avaratri is a major festival of the Hindus that is celebrated in various styles all over India every year. Different states of the country have different names and customs for celebrating this festival.

In the southern part of India, the festival of Navaratri is celebrated with a very interesting and unique tradition

called Bombe Habbaor Golu or Kolu (Kannada),Bommala Koluvu (Telugu), Bommai Kolu (Tamil) – or simply, Dasara dolls.

This tradition involves a toy festival that is celebrated by families across Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Dasara festival usually falls during the September or October month. This year cele-

brations begin Oct.2 to October 11.

The festival is celebrated for 10 days and culminates on the day of Vijayadashami or Dasara, the day when Goddess Durga won the battle against the demons or asuras after fighting for nine days.

In Karnataka the festival is also known as Dasara Doll Festival.

The dolls are arranged and exhibited on a stepped platform having an odd number of steps or tiers and usually covered with a white or light coloured cloth. The hierarchy starts from the Gods being placed at the top tiers and ends with mortals of earth placed at the lower tiers of the platform.

Many households use nine steps for the exhibition of dolls to signify the nine nights of Navaratri. The dolls are ritually worshipped during the celebrations.

The main dolls of the festival are a pair depicting a husband and a wife. They are referred to as Pattada Gombe or Pattath bommaikal. This set of main dolls is handed over to a daughter by her parents during her marriage ceremony.

They are presented to the new bride to start her own family and continue with the tradition of the festival.

Brain Teaser Answer

L

An elderly teacher corrects his pupils, with a thin line connecting the mouth to the written speech. This Mayan motif may have first appeared in 650 BC, and may be seen as a very close relative of the modern speech bubble

ong before Bugs Bunny came along, a cheeky rabbit terrorised Mayan gods. With speech bubbles, stink lines and naughty jokes, they are uncannily similar to today's graphic novels. The BBC’s David Robinson asks: Did the Maya create the first comics?

Maya drinking vessels were painted with pictures and text that told a story as you turned the cup. Far from being throwaway escapism, they were considered prized objects and often exchanged to ease political negotiations and to build alliances between states.

“It was the highest quality art you could have,” says Soeren Wichmann at Leiden University in the Netherlands.

“It was highly valued, whereas in modern societies comics are frowned upon.”

Wichmann first wrote about those sequences in a paper called America’s First Comics, which he has now updated for a chapter in a new book called

The Visual Narrative Reader. He points out that unlike modern graphic novels, they mainly depicted just a few scenes from well-known stories – the idea being that its viewers already knew the main sequence.

Of course, visual storytelling of some kind can be seen in the oldest cave paintings, but he thinks it is particularly striking how similar these Mayan scenes are to the comics we enjoy today – including the way they represent speech, motion, bad smells, funny animals and naughty jokes.

Like modern day characters such as Garfield and Bugs Bunny, Mayan artists also exaggerated the proportions of animal characters for comic effect.

Neil Cohn at the University of California, San Diego (who edited The Visual Narrative Reader) thinks each visual language may evolve their own vocabularies and grammars. You can see this all across the world; he

has found that American comics and Japanese manga books follow distinct rules when constructing their stories, for instance, while the Arrernte aborigines of Australia have a series of complex signs that they will draw in the sand during spoken storytelling that again follow a different “grammar”.

So even though the drawings on Mayan vessels may look like modern comics, they will have their own conventions too, he thinks; they are not the same thing.

Even so, some of the similarities have caught his attention; he is intrigued that visual metaphors like fire are still used to represent an emotion, even hundreds of years ago in a distant culture. “That anger is associated with fire in the Mayan narratives as well as contemporary speech and drawings is informative for how we conceive of these types of abstract ideas,” he says.

The letter “e”, which is the most used letter in the alphabet, is missing from this paragraph.

SUDOKU

KID SUDOKU

CROSSWORD

R

aw, cutting-edge electronic music, made on cheap drum machines and uploaded to file-sharing sites has long been a product of South Africa’s townships. The latest is gqom – pronounced qwom – a visceral, rough-edged, minimal form of house music crafted by young beatmakers such as DJ Mata, Cruel Boyz and DJ Lusiman.

Gqom is an authentic form of expression. It’s dark and realistic, with an array of hollow drum sounds spun into jerky rhythms using FruityLoops software, and droning synths and ghostly one-note samples creeping in over the top.

Some of the producers described their music as a reaction to the unruly gangland atmosphere of their surroundings.

“Screams, yells, hits, bangs, gunshots and so on reflect anger or emotional distress,” says producer Julz da Deejay. “It seems as if the artists channel their worries into music, by the deep sound of bass.”

Like Shangaan electro before it, uploading YouTube videos of the genre’s asso-

Off stage, Babes can be seen working through choreographed moves at her West Ink Dance Academy

ciated dance, the “bhenga” – all wavy arms, toe taps and wobbly knees – has become a fad. Deejay explains: “When you ‘bhenga’, you aim to create this very intriguing image of flexibility.”

Gqom, perhaps no more than other forms of music, is a testosterone-driven genre where the record of female participation can sometimes go missing.

The fact that Babes Wodumo is the first person(and perhaps the only person) you want to see in the video to her hit single

“Wololo” is primarily what gives her claim to the selfstyled title Queen of Gqom.

Babes, whose real name is Bongekile Simelane, is the red-maned preacher’s kid with the Instagramwrecking vosho moves, a moniker that has become a movement unto itself.

Like the thousands of women who have graced Big Nuz videos, Babes started out in the anonymous zone of the tokenised video girl (Big Nuz’s Hawaii) who graduates to singing uncredited hooks (Big Nuz’s Tsege

Tsege).

As the first artist released under her beau Mampintsha’s West Ink label, a subsidiary of DJ Tira’s Afrotainment imprint, Babes’s emergence is both exciting and deflating.

The excitement comes from the injection of muchneeded feminine energy into the young boys’ club that is gqom.The deflation is attributable to the nagging sense that Babes can hardly sneeze without the approval of her handlers.

24

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Fun Times

Archie

ARIES Emotions will be difficult (March 21- to control when dealing with April 19) family matters and personal finances. Don't overreact or take on responsibilities that don't belong to you. Learn to say no.

Arguments are a waste TAURUS of time. Get involved in (April 20- something you enjoy doing.

May 20) Romance is in the stars and should be a priority. Don't let jealousy ruin your day.

An adventure will give you a GEMINI chance to express your creativi(May 21- ty and feelings. What you learn June 20) today will help you make better choices.

Taking a short trip or enCANCER gaging in something you've (June 21- never done before will awaken July 22) your imagination. A contemplative moment will help you gain awareness and change your way of moving forward.

Don't let anger lead to reLEO grettable actions. If you see a (July 23problem, fix it and keep movAug. 22) ing forward. Listen to the voice of reason and the expertise of someone you trust.

Dilbert

Don't lend or borrow monVIRGO ey or possessions, or get into (Aug. 23- a joint venture with a friend.

Sept. 22) Make plans that will help you exercise your beliefs, and express your feelings for someone or something you love.

Problems at home will escaLIBRA late if you don't take a stand, (Sept. 23- express your thoughts and ofOct. 23) fer valid solutions. Arguing will only make matters worse and leave you in a vulnerable position.

Peanuts

Self-improvement will SCORPIO be necessary today. You will (Oct. 24- gain the confidence you need Nov. 22) to present your feelings and personal plans. Love and romance will make your life better.

SAGITTARIUS Positive changes at home (Nov. 23will make you feel good about Dec. 21) the hard work you put in and the results you've achieved.

The opposition you face will diminish as you progress.

Calvin and Hobbes

Be careful where you leave CAPRICORN your cash and how you han(Dec. 22- dle personal matters that Jan. 19) have the potential be costly.

Someone will take advantage of your emotional vulnerability.

Keep your intentions well AQUARIUS hidden. The element of sur(Jan. 20prise will give you the edge Feb. 19) you need when dealing with emotional matters. Strive to live simply and within your means.

PISCES Find out all you can about (Feb. 20- groups that interest you beMar. 20) fore you make a commitment to help or contribute. An emotional matter will develop if you are indulgent.