Pepperpot 2015 2 1

Page XXI

Meet the young and ambitious

Ameer Henry Page XI

Triumph A Village of Camaraderie and Harmony

Why did Sapna Pabbi refuse to do a threesome with Gurmeet Choudhry and Ali Fazal at the last minute?

Page XII

Ini Edo, Olu Jacobs Lead Cast of Nollywood Movie, ‘My City’ Page XIII

Produced and Edited by C. Naipaul | Graphic and Layout Design by D. Prince

“Whisper my name and I shall come” For tiredness lies On my lids my body like a broken goblet the Earth can feel no more my feet

By Maureen Rampertab “So I must come home, dear Lord,” a voice, a hoarse whisper from the lips of the old woman, lying in a recliner on the patio.

The middle aged nurse aid, sitting close by reading the newspaper enquired of the old woman, “What is it, Sharda?”

She did not answer, looking up at the clear blue sky that seemed so far away, but the birds on the trees in the garden she could see for her eyes were not so dim. It didn’t matter anymore though, not the birds, nor the beautiful flowers.Her love and passion for nature dying for life had lost its glitz.

How does one embrace life when the body has become aged and feeble, memory sometimes floating into nothingness, when you need a young hand to hold and there was none?

“How did this happen?”, she asked herself, “Why did this happen?”

The loneliness felt like the scorching heat of a desert land, her heart thirsty for the love of her children.Her mind, searching to hear the voices she loved and missed so much.

But they were gone, matured adults, pursuing careers, building dreams and sharing their lives with new loves and interests.

The mother alone now lived in the little home where they had shared a beautiful family life. The walls could speak of they could of her selfless love and care as she molded them

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

maureen.rampertab@gmail.com

II

and guided them. Her sacrifices laid a foundation that cleared paths for the successes they had attained in their lives but after reaching great heights in the business world, their exclusive lifestyles made them forget, where they came from. Their poor beginnings they stamped into the dirt, unwilling to help those left behind and for the aged mother, there was no time. She had given them her all and needed now their love and care but it seemed that was too much to ask for.

A lone tear trickled down her wrinkled face, a face still beautiful, never mind the age and she lifted a trembling hand to wipe it, a hand that was once strong, that cradled and comforted her babies against her breasts.

“How could pure hearts become tainted by power and wealth?” She lamented, “What has become of this world?”

A wry smile crossed her face and a far-away look shone in her eyes as her thoughts took her back to the time when she was a young woman, full of life, free as a butterfly, until the traditional net descended;her father giving her hand into marriage to a rice farmer’s son.

A new life of a bride, a young mother, paths she walked paved with love, compassion, tears and pain, episodes of her life written on the leaves of time.

One day, four years after her fourth child was born when she could bear no more, the abuse and unkind words, she had walked away from her matrimonial home with her children into the throes of an unknown world.

Years of sweat and toil in the rice fields and cattle farms to build a secure life was swept away by tempest into nothingness. A new life of struggles and sleepless nights awaited her on the horizon but she had found peace, no more heartless interruptions. She had worked endless hours to build a nice little home with comfort and conveniences for her children and today that too had faded into nothingness.

A choked sob escaped her lips and once again she whispered, “It’s time for me to come home, dear Lord. There’s nothing left here for me.”

The nurse aid got up and took her hand, urging her gently, “Come on Sharda, it’s time for your meal and medication.”

She sighed and looking at the nurse, she enquired, puzzled, “Who are you?”

“I’m Jeanette,” the woman answered, patiently and she assisted her to her feet, “Your nurse aid.”

“Oh,” she exclaimed softly, a momentary lapse in her memory.

The woman had been with her for the past three years, financed by the children to provide care and companionship for they hardly had any time to spend with their mother.

That night as she lay in bed she looked at the picture on the wall facing her and a smile touched her lips, lessening the pain in her heart. It was the picture of three children, playing and the little girl with the pink floral dress, trying to catch her puppy was her.

A picture that captured the innocence and happiness of childhood.

Her father was working in the garden and her mother was standing not far off, a bucket of fresh vegetables on her arm as she watched her children play, a warm smile on her face.

“Wonderful days those were,” she murmured, wanting to be that little girl, again to run and skip, falling in the soft, green grass.

Such a long time ago, it was when the skies always seemed blue, the pastures green and the water in the canals clear.

“You have left so long ago, mother,” she said quietly, “I can’t remember much for now, I have grown too old.”

Please turn to page IV

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

III

Men Who Contributed To Our Literary Heritage

T

wo major events supplied impetus for compiling this article. Those two events are namely the announcement of the Guyana Prize for Literature and the just concluded Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2015.

The announcement of the Guyana Prize for Lit-

to celebrate the contribution/ achievement of people of Indian origin (PIO). Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is also called the ‘Non-Resident Indian Day.’ One of the publications that Ramraj gave to me is entitled, ‘The man who suffers and the mind which creates: V. S Naipaul on Mahatma Gandhi’ which was the transcript of Ramraj’s lecture

Mahatma Gandhi

V.S Naipaul

erature brought back fond memories of Victor Ramraj, a colleague and respected academic, who passed away in 2014. Ramraj was involved in The Guyana Prize on many occasions, twice serving as Chief Judge. Over the years, Ramraj had bequeathed me loads of publications in line with my work. (Other writers and academics have also given me books to aid in my work on literature.) Over the years, Ramraj would tug along heavy tomes, some with hard covers, in his suitcase/s, sometimes in his wife, Ruby, suitcase/s for this grateful litterateur.

The Bharatiya Divas starts its celebration on Jan 9, the day Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. It is an annual event

at the 2009 Annual Lecture for The Gandhi Society of Calgary, published by the University of Calgary.

The Gandhi Society ‘promotes the values that Mahatma Gandhi focused on such ideas as non-violence, peace and international understanding.’

Naipaul is the most prominent Indian writer in the diaspora to comment extensively on Gandhi. And Naipaul is just as scathing and critical of Gandhi as dealing with other personalities and situations. Naipaul’s thoughts on Gandhi could be found in the following books, ‘An Area of Darkness (1964), ‘India: A wounded civilisation’ (1977) and ‘India a million mutinies now’ (1990). In his latest non-fiction collection, ‘A writer’s people’ (2008),

Naipaul focused on Gandhi again in two essays ‘Looking and not seeing – the Indian way’ and ‘India again.’

Naipaul was born in Trinidad to second generation Indians who came from India to Trinidad as indenture workers. Naipaul’s novels like ‘A House for Mr Biswas’ linked short stories like ‘Miguel Street’ and non-fiction writing like ‘The Loss of El

Victor Ramraj

Dorado’ have had and continue to make significant impact on the Guyanese imagination.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi known as the Mahatma (Great Soul) was the most significant voice in India independence movement against British colonial rule.

He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize for Peace.

Victor Ramraj was born in British Guiana where he exhibited a leaning towards literature before migrating to North America. His Indian ancestors were brought to Guyana from India as indentured labourers.

All three men – Gandhi, Naipaul and Ramraj - in various ways contributed to the shaping of Guyanese Literature.

(Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email:oraltradition2002@ yahoo.com)

IV

Understanding

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

… from a teen’s point of view!

Appreciation

H

By Vishani Ragobeer ello there! How was your past week? Mine was a bit hectic, but nevertheless, I am still here. Due to many encounters and situations from my past week, I have decided to talk about appreciation.

Appreciation is the recognition and enjoyment of the good qualities of someone or something. Many times, there are many factors around us that help us in many unsuspecting ways, so I believe sometimes, it is necessary to appreciate what and who we have.

Respect is a key ingredient needed before you engage in any sort of appreciation; in order for you to show your appreciation (especially towards someone), you need to have some sort of respect for them instead of doing things “for doing it sake.” I have come to realise that some people do not receive the amount of recognition for the little things they do and this should not be so. Just imagine the amount

of people that stop being helpful and friendly just because their efforts were not appreciated; truth be told we all feel this at one point or the other.

During this past week, there were many people who did things that helped me achieve some goal or simply enlightened me. My family, my teachers, my friends and even a few strangers all contributed in some way towards the development of my goals and I would like to think that I also did the same for many people. This is why I believe we should take little time out to express our gratitude to someone wholeheartedly. In addition, I see no harm in helping someone who needs it, even in the tiniest way.

Well in closing, I am fully aware of circumstances that prohibit you from expressing your gratitude and appreciation, but there are also many special occasions such as birthdays, teachers’ day, Valentine’s Day, etc. that we can use to express our gratitude towards someone. So let’s find the time to appreciate the people around us and the things they do for us.

Vishani Ragobeer That’s all for this week my readers!

* Quote for the week: (by Oprah Winfrey) “Be thankful for what you have; you'll end up having more. If you concentrate on what you don't have, you will never, ever have enough” See you again next week right her at your favourite and best newspaper! Good- bye!

“Whisper my name and I ...

From page II

The brother and sister playing with her, had also left, their names now etched on tombstones, whilst she, the youngest, waited still alone.

“Whisper my name, mother,” she said, “And I shall come, so we can be together again.”

In her mind, the little girl hid her face in the folds of her mother’s skirt, feeling her gentle hands on her head and as Sharda’s eyes closed to sleep, she murmuered, “Whisper my name…”

The days went by and the old lady became frailer, life’s journey slowly coming to an end.

Memories of when it all began as a little girl, playing in her mind, through smooth paths and rough roads, a lifetime movie.

“Sharda,” a voice called softly.

Sharda opened her eyes and the picture on the wall, seemed to come to life, her mother stretching her hand out to her, “Come to me, my child, it’s time.”

A soft cry escaped her lips, exultation spreading through her being and she whispered, “Mother.”

She would leave this world too, as a mother, leaving her legacy, never mind she had lost her children to the corporate world. One day maybe, they would remember her unconditional love and speak of her in glowing terms.

They came to see her one day when she was close to her end, only minutes left, the hands becoming cold, the light from her eyes dull. She could not see the regrets in their eyes for leaving her alone for so long, too late to cry for she could not hear their voices or feel the touch of their hands. They had neglected a priceless gem in their lives in their quest for money and power, someone irreplaceable, once she was gone.

She left a body aged by time, worn and broken from years of abuse, hard work and struggles. Now she was free once again, like a butterfly, travelling across rivers, valleys and beautiful landscapes to her birth home, where her family awaited her.

Her father, tall and strong with sandy coloured hair was standing by the door, the mother sat on a bench in the garden and her brother and sister were playing on the swings. Time had rewound the years so when she reached home, it was the way it had been when she was a little girl, pretty with curly locks.

Her mother held out her arms, embracing her and through tears of happiness, Sharda saw her father’s smile and the joyful faces of her brother and sister.

“We have been waiting for you, Sharda,” they said, holding her hand.

Together they left for Heaven’s open door and pausing to look back, one last time, she saw the old woman lying in eternal sleep and her four children sitting around her, in silent grief.

A pretty little girl with curly locks standing a little way off walked up to where she laid and looking at her for a long moment, she said in a sweet, childish voice, “Grandma.”

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

WWE World Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar vs. Roman Reigns

AT the much anticipated Wrestle Mania 31, slated for March 29, the WWE Universe will find out who truly is the biggest dog in the yard when Roman Reigns challenges WWE World Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar on ‘The Grandest Stage of Them All’.

Reigns, the 2014 Superstar of the Year, earned the opportunity to challenge Lesnar by outlasting 29 other competitors to win the recent Royal Rumble Match held on January 25, 2015.

A first-time encounter, Lesnar vs. Reigns has all the makings of an unforgettable WrestleMania clash of titans.

The Beast Incarnate (Lesner) won the title in unprecedented fashion at Summer Slam when he thoroughly destroyed 15-time World Champion John Cena, thrashing the beloved Cenation leader with 16 German suplexes en route to capturing the championship. Since then, Lesnar has turned back the challenge of Cena and Mr. Money in the Bank, Seth Rollins.

Additionally, the nearly 300-pound monster - the only athlete in history to win the WWE World Heavyweight Title, the NCAA heavyweight wrestling title and the UFC Heavyweight Title, not to mention the same Conqueror who broke The Undertaker’s Wrestle Mania Streak — has carved a warpath nearly every time he has appeared in the ring, whether in a sanctioned match or not, such as when he launched Kane and Big Show through the air with successive F-5s on Raw. His challenger, however, has had an equally remarkable

Kane broke the Royal Rumble Match eliminations record WWE’s Director of Operations has been circling the all-time record for most eliminations for several years.

After Roman Reigns shattered his mark for most eliminations in a single Rumble last year, Kane entered this year’s bout seeking to etch his name in history once again.

The monster hurled four Superstars over the top rope and to the arena floor in 2015, passing Shawn Michaels’ mark of 39. The Authority henchman tossed Ryback, Dean Ambrose, Bray Wyatt and Dolph Ziggler to set the new record of 42 career eliminations. Kane shows no signs of slowing down, which could mean he’ll set the bar even higher in years to come. ( W W E website)

run-up to Wrestle Mania 31’s WWE World Heavyweight Championship Match.

Reigns started off 2014 in historic fashion, eliminating 12 Superstars in that year’s Royal Rumble Match to break a 13-year record for most eliminations in a single outing.

He rebounded from The Shield’s unexpected breakup in the summer, and before being sidelined by a hernia in the fall, The Big Dog moved up the WWE rankings with startling dominance, even downing Randy Orton in a career-making singles match at Summer Slam. Upon returning from injury in December, Reigns picked up where he left off, Spearing and Superman Punching his way through certified juggernauts like Big Show.

Yet what will happen at The Showcase of the Immortals on March 29 when The Beast Incarnate and The Big Dog square off with WWE’s top prize on the line? Will Lesnar maintain his fierce grip on the WWE World Heavyweight Title? Or will the ever-popular Reigns, pegged by many as a future main eventer the second he and his former Shield cohorts debuted at Survivor Series 2012, Superman Punch Lesnar off the throne?

Find out which colossus asserts himself as WWE’s top Superstar when Brock Lesnar and Roman Reigns go toeto-toe at the biggest event in WWE history, WrestleMania 31. The epic event airs live Sunday, March 29, on WWE Network.

V

Arnold Schwarzenegger to be Celebrity Inductee in WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2015 FEW individuals in film, politics or athletics are as recognisable across the globe as the one and only Arnold Schwarzenegger, and he mastered all three. And now, as first reported by TMZ, he will be recognised for his contributions to the world of sports-entertainment as the Celebrity Inductee in the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2015.

The Austrian-born Schwarzenegger became interested in bodybuilding in the early ‘60s, and in 1967, at just 20 years old, he became the youngest ever Mr. Universe.

The following year, he moved to the United States and soon after that, he became close friends with future WWE Champion ‘Superstar’ Billy Graham.

In 1970, the ‘Austrian Oak’ won his first of seven Mr. Olympia titles. After WWE icon Bruno Sammartino judged one competition, the two formed a 40-year-plus friendship that culminated in Arnold inducting Bruno into the WWE Hall of Fame two years ago, inside New York City’s Madison Square Garden.

Triple H challenges Sting to WWE Fast Lane confrontation TWO megastars from the Monday Night War will final-

ly come face-to-face at the inaugural WWE Fast Lane when Triple H confronts Sting, live on WWE Network, on February 22.

Sting made a powerful rival the first time he stepped into a WWE arena at Survivor Series 2014, causing Team Authority to lose control of the company. The vigilante made matters worse weeks later on the January 19th (Raw), when his distraction allowed John Cena to score a victory over Seth Rollins, Kane and Big Show, forcing The Authority to rehire Dolph Ziggler, Ryback and Erick Rowan.

In the wake of Sting’s second appearance at The Authority’s expense, Triple H challenged the WCW star to meet him at the first WWE Fast Lane, according to a tweet posted by @WWEsAuthority on Jan. 26. Will Sting accept the challenge for an epic confrontation between The Game and The Franchise?

In the 1980s, Schwarzenegger befriended another future WWE Hall of Famer Jesse ‘The Body’ Ventura when the two starred together in both ‘Predator’ and ‘The Running Man’. Their careers continued to run in parallel as each became United States Governors — Ventura of Minnesota and Schwarzenegger of Wrestle Mania 31’s home, California.

Arnold’s relationship with WWE continued through the Attitude Era when he appeared on the November 11, 1999 edition of Smack Down. In the ring, WWE Chairman Mr. McMahon presented the action movie icon with a replica WWE Title and named him the ‘World Box Office Champion’. Later that evening, he helped The Rock, Shane McMahon, Kane & Test defeat the villainous D-Generation X when he slid a steel chair to special enforcer ‘Stone Cold’ Steve Austin, who connected with Triple H. Following the bout, Triple H took a swing at Schwarzenegger, who ducked and terminated The Game with a series of vicious fists.

(WWE website)

VI

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

PLING! PLING!

Old Vincent looked like a poorly dressed undertaker. He wore a soiled and crumpled white shirt. The old patchy black pants hung precariously on his “magga” hips. On his gnarled corn and bunyan decorated feet he wore a battered leather shoes with no heels and enough holes to keep his toes well ventilated.

The old man lived and worked in the interior. He was a porkknocker and only wore his Sunday best when he was going to church. Every Sunday he would walk three miles to reach the small church in the nearby village. After the service he would trek slowly back to his camp. Most off his journey was through an open savannah with large patches of thick bush. He went to church at midday and returned to camp in the dead of night.

Vincent had been through a lot. He had married three times. Divorced thrice and had twenty three children. He worked as a sailor, watchman, driver, cook and pork-knocker.

The latter was his best paying job, that is, whenever things went well in the backdam. No gold, no money and therefore, no child support. Eleven of his children qualified for this but very few received it.

Residents of the village began “su suing” about seeing spirit. This caused most of them to stay indoors after dark.

Vincent took little interest in it when the issue was raised with him.

“Uncle Vincent jumbie a wake people night time.”

The old man smiled tolerantly at them.

“Is true, De spirit does mek a funny noise when it de bout.”

“What noise?” Basil wanted to know.

“It does sing or whistle.”

“How?” he insisted.

“It does sound like Pling! Pling! Or Fing! Fing!”

Vincent nearly fell over laughing. It was the most ludicrous thing he had ever heard.

“Dis is a bad jumbie. It does attack you.”

“Really.” he giggled helplessly.

“You could laugh all you want. It does follow people who does walk late in bush.”

This statement was meant as a direct warning to the old man.

“Anything else?” he murmured in amusement.

“If somebody call yo name out loud it does follow or go ahead of you and call yo name. If yo go it does bruk yo neck.”

“Just now dis jumbie gon turn a monster.” He said with deep sarcasm.

“De ting does even go to yo house and knock. If yo answer it does snatch yo way!”

“Jumbie knocking on door!” Vincent looked with disbelief at the woman.

“Uncle Vincent I know you aint believe me. Me grandmother say Fing! Fing! Can only knock up to

two times. Once is three or more knock is not spirit.”

Vincent walked away laughing in amusement. The nonsense some people believed.

Two weeks later the old man was returning to his camp after a long day in church. It had rained so the place was muddy and wet. Every time he took a step more water seeped into his old shoes.

Squish! Slosh! Plop!

His feet were slightly submerged due to the rain. From across the savannah came a distinct sound.

“Pling! Pling!

Vincent kept walking, unperturbed.

Pling! Pling!

A shape or form was moving in his direction.

He stopped, put on his spectacles and squinted into the darkness Pling! Pling!

There was that strange sound again. He was now sure it was coming from the moving shape about a hundred yards away.

Sure enough the sound echoed shrilly across the flat grassland.

Pling! Pling!

Then the shape became clearer. It was a woman dressed in white. Even though this was a bit odd, he saw no reason to panic. That is until he noted a few crucial things. The moving person had a long white dress that completely covered her legs. Even though the ground was wet and very muddy, not a speck of mud was on the dress and worse, no sound of slushy walking could be heard.

This observation was quite bizzare. As it moved it seemed to float across the open plain. What was scary was the fact that the creature was not walking. It moved swiftly towards the old gentleman and made itself known in a strange fashion.

“Vincent! Vincent!”

The voice sounded like his friend but that was quite impossible. His friend had abandoned camp a month ago and returned to the city after a week of hard time with no rewards.

The last calling of his name evoked memories of his recent chat with friends from the village. He did not believe in this sort of nonsense so he looked straight ahead and walked faster.

“Vincent! Vincent!”

Something or someone cold touched him on his shoulder.

He whirled in shock. Noting was there. Now that was a bit too much. Dropping his bag with bible, hymn books and snacks, he ran non-stop to his small camp.

“Vincent! Vincent!”

The voice was ahead of him this time. He redoubled his efforts. Even though he was over sixty, Vincent could still muster a reasonable pace.

Pling! Pling!

More speed “Vincent! Vincent!”

Higher gear.

His old feet were pumping smoothly. Vincent reached his dwelling looking like he was involved in a mud fight. As he entered his camp, he disturbed a number of rats searching for food. They scattered wildly and ran off in all directions. From outside a horrible shriek penetrated the peace of his camp and reached the ears of villagers.

Vincent peeped out and saw the spirit hopping as it retreated. It was trying to avoid the rats. Then it hit him.

This jumbie was terrified of rats. It also hated noise. The old man started to sing in his loudest voice. This sounded like a cross between an angry croaking toad and a young calf bawling for its mother. The spirit took off for safe grounds, its face resembling members of the church congregation who were unfortunate enough to sit near to Vincent. As for the old man, he started feeding the rats.

Strange, don’t you think?

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

Criminal charge of Police Officer dismissed for want of prosecution

I

N 1957, Sergeant Bollers of the British Guiana Police Force had a charge laid against him for fraudulent conversion dismissed for want of prosecution.

Consequent to that, Bollers was then charged with improper conduct under Reg. 54 (44) of the Police Regulations [BG], one of the allegations was that he had failed to account for money entrusted to him.

The Respondent Cannon was appointed as a Court of Inquiry to investigate the charges and began the inquiry.

The appellant applied for a writ of prohibition to prevent the respondent from proceeding with the inquiry and obtained a rule nisi which was subsequently discharged.

Upon appeal he contended that one of the allegations being that he had failed to account for money entrusted to him.

The respondent was appointed as a Court of Inquiry to investigate the charges and commenced the inquiry Upon appeal, he contended (a) that Reg. 54 (44) did not apply to improper conduct which might be the subject of a criminal prosecution; (b) that criminal charges were not cognisable by the court of inquiry; (c) that criminal proceedings against him were still pending and the inquiry was automatically suspended by the operation of General Forces Order 35 made under Reg. 139 of the Police Regulations [B.G.] The Federal Supreme Court in its civil appellate jurisdiction held that (i) there was an end to the criminal proceedings against the appellant when the allegation against him was dismissed. (ii) Reg. 54 (44) had to be read together with the other sub-regulations and improper conduct within the meaning of the sub-regulation referred to acts of indiscipline which might be the subject of criminal charges; (iii) the respondent had not exceeded his jurisdiction.

The appeal was dismissed.

Queen’s Counsel L. F. S. Burnham appeared for the appellant Bollers, while Solicitor General Mohamed Shahabuddeen represented the Respondent Cannon.

The Federal Court was constituted by Chief Justice Hallinan, Justice A.M Lewis and Justice J.F Marnan.

Delivering his judgment, Chief Justice Hallinan said

VII

By George Barclay

that the appellant, a Sergeant of Police in British Guiana, in September 1957, had information laid against him charging him with an indictable offence, namely, fraudulent conversion of $128.75, being part of a sum of $1,908 and entrusted to him as secretary of Berbice Library.

This information was dismissed for want of prosecution in February, 1959. The appellant was never called upon to plead to the indictment, the issue was never joined and there was no decision on the merits.

In May 1960, the appellant was charged with improper conduct under Reg. 54 (44) of the Police Regulations, made by the Governor under the Pollce Ordinance, Chapter 77 [B.G.].

Three cases of improper conduct were alleged, which without going into details might be described as (i) buying toys on the credit of the library instead of utilising part of the $1,908 received by him for that purpose ; (2) failing to inform Senior Superintendent Griffith, from whom the appellant received the sum of $1, 908, that he had done so and (3) failing to account for $128.75 out of the money entrusted to him.

The respondent was appointed to hold a court of inquiry into these disciplinary charges preferred against the appellant. In June 1960, the present proceedings were brought on a writ of prohibition to stop the respondent from proceeding with the inquiry. The Acting Chief Justice who heard the application held that the proceedings before the respondent were judicial, in respect of which the writ might issue, but no grounds had been made out by the appellant why the writ should go.

Counsel for the appellant relied on two principal grounds of appeal: (i) that sub-reg. (44 which relates to improper conduct could not be the subject of a disciplinary charge which might also involve a criminal charge. He submitted that because the other sub-regulations in Reg. 54 contained a number of breaches of discipline, which might also be the subject of criminal charges, the intent of the Governor in making the Regulations would be to enumerate in the Regulations specifically all acts of indiscipline which might also be the subject of a criminal charge.

Continuing, C. J. Hallinan added: “I am unable to accept that construction. On the contrary, I think that sub-reg (44) is in the nature of an omnibus clause which should be construed in conjunction with the other sub-regulations of Reg. 54 and since these sub-regulations refer to acts of indiscipline which might also be the subject of a criminal charge, improper conduct within the meaning of sub-reg (44) might also involve conduct which is the subject of a criminal charge.”

“Counsel for the appellant has also advanced the argument that the provisions of General Order 35 should be so construed that in its effect it would deprive the respondent of jurisdiction to proceed with the inquiry. The General Orders

George Barclay

are made under Reg. 139 of the Police Regulations and General Order 35 begins as follows: “SUSPENSION OF DISCIPLINARY ENQUIRY WHEN CRIMINAL CHARGE IS PENDING.” “In cases involving both a criminal charge and a disciplinary charge, the latter will be prepared and communicated to the Inspector, Non-Commissioned Officer or constable concerned at the earliest possible moment, but no steps will be taken to enquire into the disciplinary charge until the result of the criminal proceedings is known.”

“The facts on which a disciplinary charge is based must not be the same or analogous to those facts which form the basis of the criminal charge.”

Dismissing the appeal, Chief Justice Hallinan, whose judgment was concurred with by the other two judges of the Federal Court, said of the appellant: “He has not been acquitted on any issue, the subject of these charges, and he has not been punished, not only on of those issues, but on any of the facts upon which the disciplinary charges are based. For these reasons I think the decision of the Acting Chief Justice to refuse the Writ is right and this appeal should be dismissed with costs.”

VIII

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

(A look at some of the stories that made the news ‘back-in-the-day’ with CLIFFORD STANLEY)

MANATEE PROGRAMME PRAISED (Guyana Chronicle February 22, 1979)

Guyana’s manatee programme as a project to control weeds which seriously affect the environment of various countries has come in for praise from the

“SPORADIC CASES OF HEPATITIS” REPORTED (Guyana Chronicle February 28, 1979)

The Health Ministry yesterday disclosed that “sporadic cases of infectious hepatitis” – a disease of the liver-have been reported in certain parts of the country and urged Guyanese to observe strict rules of hygiene to help combat the spread of the disease.

Hepatitis, somewhat similar to jaundice, manifests itself in a number of ways and some of the symptoms are headache, vomiting, diarrhoea and distress in the pith of the stomach.

According to the Information Ministry, the Ministry of Health is monitoring the situation closely and was taking active steps to contain the situation.

But the Ministry added: “In order to minimise and contain the spread the following simple rules should be taken: boil all drinking water; ensure that human waste is properly disposed of; report breakages and leaks in water pipes to the relevant authorities and observe strict rules of hygiene such as washing of hands thoroughly with soap and water before meals and especially after using the toilet.

Commonwealth Science Council.

The weed “hyacinth” hinders water traffic, interferes with fishing and makes drainage almost impossible in some areas.

It is also a disease carrier.

Commonwealth Current, organ of the Commonwealth Secretariat noted that in Guyana, scientists were already using biological means to tackle the problem pointing out that the manatee, a large slow moving mammal with a voracious appetite for any plant growth has been introduced into inland waters as a means of controlling weeds such as the hyacinth.

Dr. Frank Mongul is the co-ordinator of the manatee breeding programme in Guyana.

ZOO TEAM FINDS NEW COCK ‘O THE ROCK SPECIES

(Guyana Chronicle February 16, 1979) A wildlife expedition from various zoos in the United Kingdom which came to Guyana in October last year to have a look at Guyana’s birds and bats, expects to complete its work by the end of this month.

Yesterday two members of the team, Roy Girdler and Pauline Hosford told the Chronicle that so far their experience had been very rewarding and they hoped to present a report on their work to the conservation committee of the Ministry of Agriculture.

They have been working in the Upper Mazaruni District at Maipuri Falls and have so far found a different colour form of the Cock of the Rock bird and a fairly wide cross section bats in the area.’

The specimens that they have discovered will be sent to the United Kingdom and the Guyana museum and zoo.

Mr. Girdler and 13 other members of the expedition were still in the interior finalising their work.

DAKOTA TO SING IN GUYANA

(Guyana Chronicle February 18, 1979) Preparations have been finalised for the first ever visit to South America for the internationally famous jazz singer DAKOTA STATON, America’s Ambassadress of song.

She kicks off her Latin-American concert tour with two shows in Guyana.

On Saturday March 10, she opens at the Pegasus a grand show and dance followed by one big show the next night at the Cultural Centre.

In order to facilitate patrons, advance tickets for both shows will go on sale from tomorrow at the two venues.

Afro –American Dakota Staton was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

At the age of five she started singing and dancing.

She studied voice training for “Classical and semi-classical music.”

By the time she had arrived in her teens she became associated with singing the “Blues” both vintage and modern.

COURT OF SORROW (Guyana Chronicle March 8, 1979)

A Court of Sorrow will be held by the Court Georgetown Diamond Ancient Order of Foresters No. 6178 at the Court Hall 114, George Street Georgetown on Sunday March 18 at 4 p.m.

The Court of Sorrow is in connection with the late Bros. Dr. R.TBailey, R.J Bowling and O.F Edwards.

Forestic brothers are asked to attend.

6 WOMEN ON BROTHEL CHARGE FINED $450

(Guyana Chronicle February 18, 1979) Six Corentyne women who were charged with keeping an unlicensed brothel were yesterday fined a total of $450 by Magistrate Arthur Roberts at the Springlands Court.

The Court was told that the Police went to a house at No. 79 village Corriverton Valentine Day last Wednesday February 14 and caught Kowsilla Morris, Chandra Khedaroo, Donna Foo, Shereen Azeez, Paula Ifill and Audrey Santoo all of No 78 village carrying on a brothel.

When the women saw the Police they attempted to escape but were held and charged.

They explained to the magistrate that they were only there at the house because they had to discuss something but the Magistrate advised them that in future they must meet in the market or some other place than an unoccupied house.

They were each fined $75 failing which they will have to go to jail for three months.

TIGER ATTACKS BOY AND HORSE

(Guyana Chronicle March 13, 2015) An 11-year-old boy barely escaped the deadly paws of a tiger but his horse was badly mauled in an incident at Enfield East Bank Berbice eight miles from New Amsterdam.

It was reported that Jaggat Ramnauth was riding the

horse in the back-lands of his village when a tiger which was in a clump of bushes probably looking for food, leaped and attacked the horse.

The horse which was injured in the chest fell to the ground and its rider slightly hurt his back.

The wounded horse attempted to get at the tiger but the ferocious animal escaped.

The boy who almost collapsed with fear, crawled through the bush and managed to reach his home which was almost a mile away.

Ramnauth who took some time to compose himself related to his elder brother how they were attacked by the tiger.

About fifteen minutes later the horse arrived home.

The animal which was bleeding from the chest began to show signs of being in great pain.

The following day the animal’s condition worsened.

The veterinary surgeon in the area was contacted and after treating the horse with injections it made a speedy recovery.

(Clifford Stanley can be reached to discuss any of the foregoing articles at cliffantony@gmail.com or cell phone # 694 0913)

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

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Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

Meet the young and ambitious

AMEER

Henry

By Telesha Ramnarine

“When you wake up, you can do two things. You either go back to sleep and keep dreaming or you wake up and follow your dreams. I prefer to wake up and follow my dreams.”

Meet handsome 22-year-old Ameer Amit Henry who said he lives by the above mentioned quote which gives him the strength he needs to continue fighting for a better life.

Growing up without a father figure and not having the best circumstances financially by no means made him less ambitious in life. He is constantly trying to improve himself; putting in whatever effort and hard work is required.

Ameer was born to Marilyn and Sunil Henry and grew up in Albouystown, Georgetown. His parents however split and he now has ‘Doodie’ as his step-father along with six siblings, including Siketa to whom he is very close.

Ameer grew up with his grandmother Jean, grandfather ‘Doogie’ and three aunts Shabana, Nafeeza and Feriza. He was the only boy in the family until his nephew Sohil came along and ‘cut his nose,’ he said.

“Growing up with grandparents and aunts is fun; they do everything for me.

They wash my clothes, cook, etc. I just get up in the mornings, clean the yard and feed the puppies beAmeer Amit fore getting Henry ready for work.”

Ameer said his grandmother was like both a mother and father to him.

With his mom and sister

“When you wake up, you can do two things. You either go back to sleep and keep dreaming or you wake up and follow your dreams.

I prefer to wake up and follow my dreams.”

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Ameer believes in following his dreams

“I didn’t have a father figure in my life. Jean is like both mother and father to me. She brought me up, sent me to school, clothed me, fed me.”

TAKING STUDIES SERIOUSLY Ameer attended Smyth Street Nursery School, St. Stephens’ Primary and Tutorial High. After school, he did a few courses at Computer World and subsequently enrolled at the Accountancy Training Centre (ATC). He still has about five more years to go at ATC, but doesn’t mind it at all since his aim is to become a qualified accountant.

Sometime this year, Ameer also hopes to take up studying Business Management and is confident he can study both subjects simultaneously. “I will find the time to do both.

You know when ‘push come to shove.’ I had to stop gym to accommodate studying. Work doesn’t interfere because I get the necessary time off. But otherwise, I will make the time.”

For the past four years, Ameer has been employed at Pro Graphics. “I come off at 4:30 pm, reach to class for 5:15 pm and am home by 8:30 pm. I then have to study. I work half day on Saturdays, so the only day I get for myself is Sunday and it finishes so fast.”

Ameer’s current job, which includes printing fliers and business cards, does not pertain to his studies. “It is just a means to an end. It finances my studies. It’s hard to find a job because only people with experience are employed. And they don’t want to give you the chance to get the experience.”

Ameer wanted to become a pilot but he realised how costly it was to pursue this. He wisely decided to shift his interest to something that was more practical. “And today, I am enjoying the accounting field.”

After studying, Ameer wants to help his family enjoy a better quality of life by moving them out of the high crime Albouystown area. “Growing up in Albouystown is not the nicest thing. You just want to get out and find something better in life. And to do that, you have to have money. So that is my aim right now. Focus on my studies, make some money and move my family out of there.”

“It was tough growing up there. Some people are racist.

Then there is often a shooting. I lost my uncle (Anil) in one of those shootings just at the corner of my home. And just recently, we were at home when a couple of gun shots went off. Jean started to cry right away because she remembered

With his grandmother Jean the night her son was killed. You don’t want to keep in a community like that for the rest of your life and you certainly don’t want to raise a family in there.

One possibility, Ameer said, is migrating to a country with a better standard of living and helping his family get there as well. Otherwise, he plans to build his house, having already applied for his house lot.

Ameer is fun, very quiet and described himself as “not too wicked.” “I like going out and meeting people. But most of the time I study though. You have to be ambitious in life to achieve great things.”

With his mom, stepfather and aunts

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Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

Out in the open: The fallout between Shah Rukh Khan and Karan Johar!

For the longest time people have been talking about how SRK and KJo’s friendship has gone kaput. While the two have never acknowledged the same, at a recent awards function the cold vibes between the two were quite evident.

That Shah Rukh Khan and Karan Johar aren’t best of buddies anymore is known to all. Though King Khan and Johar have always spoken nice things about each other and have been cordial at social events, at the recently held Stardust Awards the scenario was quite different. And here’s why we say so: when Gauri Khan’s hubby came on the stage to collect his award, he praised Riteish Deshmukh and KJo for entertaining one and all with their hosting but the superstar didn’t hug Karan when the latter went and gave SRK another award which he won for a different category. Amitabh Bachchan, Raj Nayak (CEO of Colors TV) and Nari Hira (MD and Chairman of Stardust) were also present on the stage and Shah Rukh greeted all of them. He even shared a warm hug with Big B. However, Khan didn’t hug his once-upon-a-time jigri dost.

Also, if you guys saw the awards ceremony than you’ll know that the Dharma head honcho clearly looked confused as if he didn’t know what to do or where to see. The puzzled filmmaker then quietly walked back towards his co-host.

We know it’s childish to conclude that SRK and KJo aren’t friends just because they didn’t hug at an awards show. But knowing how close these two were at some point, it was surely surprising to see them behave like strangers. Especially at an event which was attended by whole of Bollywood.

Why did Sapna Pabbi refuse to do a threesome with Gurmeet Choudhry and Ali Fazal at the last minute?

Newcomer Sapna Pabbi, who will be seen in the upcoming film, Khamoshiyan had reportedly agreed to do several bold scenes including a threesome with her co-stars Gurmeet Choudhry and Ali Fazal, but the actress refused to shoot it at the last minute.

Obviously, this didn’t go down too well with director Vikram Bhatt, who had an ugly spat with Sapna.

Reportedly, Sapna was comfortable doing all the erotic sequences in the film but some of the scenes are really bold.

In fact, there are two scenes in the film which had Sapna being in bed with Gurmeet and Ali. However, at the time of shoot, she said she would not do those scenes after agreeing to them during narration.

Apparently, Vikram explained to her that the scenes were needed, but this conversation heated up and the two got into a major war of words. However, at the end Sapna agreed to do the scenes. But we have learnt that post this argument, things turned really ugly between Sapna and Vikram, obviously.

Anyway, Khamoshiyan is an erotic thriller, which hit the theatres on January 30.

At the same time, we would like to say that this is just what we saw on the television. There is a possibility that Khan and Karan may have met backstage, and therefore we didn’t see them greeting on stage. And who knows maybe the whole ‘Shah Rukh not hugging Karan Johar’ shot was retained just to create controversy and hype for the awards show.

We dunno what exactly happened behind the cameras but from whatever we saw on TV made one thing got pretty cleared – Shah Rukh and Karan Johar’s fallout is now visible!

Plot revealed: Here is what Shahid Kapoor, Alia Bhatt and Kareena Kapoor Khan’s Udta Punjab is all about!

Are you as excited as us to watch the trio in a film together? Then read on to find out what the movie is about…

If you were thinking that the Shahid Kapoor- Alia Bhatt- Kareena Kapoor Khan starrer Udta Punjab was a light-hearted comedy or something, you couldn’t be more wrong! We recently heard that the film will star Punjabi heart-throb Diljit Dosanj opposite Kareena in the film.

So what is Udta Punjab all about. Well, the Abhishek Chaubey’s film looks at the increasing problem of drug abuse in Punjab. The thriller film will also have a drug mafia and these four characters are probably related to the same in one way or another. Udta Punjab will address the issue of drug trafficking in the state and the four actors play pivotal roles in the story!

This film is being presented by Phantom Films and it is touted to be India’s first stoner film to deal with the subject

Akshay Kumar and Kriti Sanon starrer Singh Is Bling delayed again?

While Akki will have three releases this year, his one film seems to be have taken a backseat altogether.

Apart from Baby, Main Gabbar and Brothers, Akshay Kumar has one more film under his belt – Singh Is Bling co-starring Kriti Sanon. The film was supposed to be released on July 31 however Karan Johar’s production venture Brothers is hitting the screens on the very same date. Therefore the makers of Singh Is Bling postponed their film. Then it was being said that Akki-Kriti would come out during Gandhi Jayanti but again reports about the film being delayed started doing the rounds.

And now we hear Singh Is Bling may get postponed to next year. Apparently, the film was to roll at the end of this month but that too looks highly unlikely, reported a portal. So in all probability Akshay’s film may get stalled yet again.

Singh Is Bling will be co-produced by Grazing Goat Pictures, which is co-owned by Akshay and Ashvini Yardi, and Pen Movies, owned by Jayantilal Gada. Prabhu Dheva will don the director’s hat for this project.

(Source: Bollywoodlife.com)

of substance abuse head-on! So far Bejoy Nambiar’s Shaitaan has come close to this topic but that too hasn’t directly addressed the matter of drug abuse specific to a geographical location.

Udta Punjab certainly sounds like an ambitious gamble considering that it stars some of the most commercial actors of Bollywood!

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'DOUBLE CROSS’ wins double at the GMAs, sets to premiere the 6th of Feb.

Top 2 Yoruba Movie Stars, FEMI ADEBAYO, ODUNLADE ADEKOLA Dying For BUHARI!

Well, This is a free world whereby you can express yourself without any hindrances, especially in this political era in Nigeria. However, top 2 Yoruba actors, Femi Adebayo and Odunlade Adekola have shown their support for APC Presidential candidate, General Muhammed Buhari over his ambition to overthrown the incumbent president of Nigeria at the forthcoming presidential election which comes up on February 14, 2015. Femi shared the below photo and this message on his social account, “Dear compatriots, there are dark clouds gathering, but I remain optimistic that they will yield to a glorious dawn. The promise of Nigeria is greater that the ambition of one man or a political party. Beyond the campaign of the APC for change, there is already a momentum of the Nigerian people for change that is far ahead of our campaign. This is the people’s desire, nothing can stop it. The dictates of honour demand that no right thinking person should attempt to resist it. May God bless and prosper Nigeria. Babatunde Raji Fashola, SAN”.

The must watch Ghanaian romantic movie - DOUBLE CROSS recently won two awards at the just concluded Ghana Movie Awards held at the Accra International Conference Centre on the 30th of December, 2014.

The movie which had laudable reviews from movie enthusiasts and pundits alike, and had top notch celebrated award winning actors and actresses such as Ama K. Abebrese, John Dumelo, Adjetey Anang, Jasmine Baroudi, Paulina Oduro and veteran actor Samuel Odoi-Mensah, won Best Cinematography and Best Make-Up & Hair Styling.

With the premiere of this movie coming up soon here in Ghana in the month of love, the public are set to see the beauty of excellence as the 6th of February, 2015, is a date at the Silverbirds Cinemas both at the Accra and Weija Mall as well as the West Hills Mall.

The intriguing story goes thus, Effie Howard’s (Ama K. Abebrese) life is dramatically turned upside down when her fiancé Ben Boateng (Adjetey Anang) is convicted and sentenced for a crime he did not commit.

Determined to prove his innocence; she carried out her own investigation and finds the actual robber; Danny Frimpong (John Dumelo).

She threatens him but offers him a deal; to rob the bank again with similar methods. They are successful in the robbing the bank, Effie now sets her sights on a jewellery warehouse and she wants Danny to rob it. With a lot of jewellery and money at stake, each one of them tries to outwit each other with medleys of smart thinking as they plan and

execute the robberies, but no amount of careful planning or expertise can prepare them for the dangerous enemy, an enemy Effie least expected and never saw coming with surprising twist.

The movie is directed by one of the prolific directors of our time, Pasacal Aka and produced by D R Kufuor and Ama K Abebrese.

The premiere is proudly sponsored by Sultana Rice and Sandra Ice Cream.

(Source: Nollywood star news.com)

Ini Edo, Olu Jacobs Lead Cast of Nollywood Movie, ‘My City’ Nollywood actress and Globacom ambassador, Ini Edo, popular actor, Olu Jacobs and Ghanaian actor, Joseph Benjamin lead other prominent names in the Nigerian movie industry in a new movie titled ‘My City,’ which is presently being shot and directed by Earnest Ob Nollywood actress and Globacom ambassador, Ini Edo, popular actor, Olu Jacobs and Ghanaian actor, Joseph Benjamin lead other prominent names in the Nigerian movie industry in a new movie titled ‘My City,’ which is presently being shot and directed by Earnest Obi. According to the producer of the movie, Bobby Ogoloma, who doubles as an actor, the new movie is being shot in Port Harcourt and will have its concluding scenes shot in London, Italy and France.

The movie, ‘My City’ borders on true-life story of a group of youngsters who left their country illegally to seek greener pastures abroad.

Ogoloma noted that the movie was aimed at encouraging Nigerian youths who are obsessed with plans of traveling abroad that they can achieve their dreams in Nigeria.

The film features top Nollywood actors and actresses like Yul Edochie, Ini Edo, Olu Jacobs, Joseph Benjamin, Gentle Jack, Ernest Obi, Fedrick Leonard, amongst others.

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MICROSOFT WINDOWS HISTORY: A 30-YEAR TIMELINE

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hree decades ago, Microsoft introduced the Windows operating system, and though there have been some stumbles throughout its evolution, the technological changes it brought forth have been monumental.

When Windows 1.0 first shipped, it was panned by the critics for using a mouse when, well, a mouse just wasn’t popular as an input device.

It wasn’t until Windows 3.0’s graphical user interface came along that businesses and consumers began to see how helpful a mouse is. Between Windows 3.0 and 3.1, Microsoft sold over 10 million copies-not too shabby with the personal computing industry still in its early stages.

By the time Microsoft unveiled Windows XP in 2001, the company’s OS and software were fully entrenched in businesses and in homes. An entire ecosystem of app developers surrounding Windows had been born, and Windows XP and later Windows 7 became the standard operating system for business.

Microsoft would probably rather forget the debacle of its initial Windows 8.0 launch, but the company regrouped and is now slated to ship Windows 10 this fall. New features such as a tighter integration between the traditional desktop interface and Windows tiles, as well as containers, could make the new OS attractive to businesses, homes and off course mobile users.

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

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Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015 ne of the seven ancient wonders of the world, the great pyramids of Gizaare are marvellous feats of architecture.

The Giza complex consists of three large pyramids built for the pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure.

The grand structures were built between 2589 BC and 2504 BC. How they were built has been a source of debate.

The pyramids are part of the Giza Necropolis that also houses the Great Sphinx, smaller pyramids for queens and several complexes for the workers. Historians agree there was an Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or Pyramid of Cheops.

(Credit: Nina | Creative Commons)

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immense amount of labour involved; technical ingenuity and skill that went into the pyramids helped the structures remain standing today.

Khufu's pyramid, known as the great pyramid of Giza, is the oldest and largest, rising at 481 feet (146 metrers). ****************************** Archeologists say it was the tallest structure in the world for about 3, 800 years. ****************************** The sphinx is a 73.5-metre (241 ft.) long monument built during the reign of Khafra. The creature is a mythical being commonly found in Greek, Egyptian and even South Asian ancient architecture. ****************************** Khafre and Menkaure’s pyramids are much smaller and simpler in design than Khufu’s massive structure. When first built, the pyramids were covered in white limestone much of which eroded over the years. ****************************** Contrary to popular depictions, the Egyptian pyramids were not built by large groups of slaves or prisoners, many historians say. Egyptians were employed and archeologists estimate the workers would have had to set a 2.5 to 15-ton block every two and a half minutes to finish Khufu’s pyramid in about 30 years. ****************************** Historians say the purpose of the pyramids was to house the king’s body after death. The Giza pyramids have elaborate tunnel systems inside containing gold and other objects Egyptians thought would be useful in the afterlife.

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Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

Claude Bernard C –Famous for the founding of modern physiology

laude Bernard,(born July 12, 1813, Saint-Julien, France—died Feb. 10, 1878, Paris), French physiologist known chiefly for his discoveries concerning the role of the pancreas in digestion, the glycogenic function of the liver and the regulation of the blood supply by the vasomotor nerves. On a broader stage, Bernard played a role in establishing the principles of experimentation in the life sciences, advancing beyond the vitalism and indeterminism of earlier physiologists to become one of the founders of experimental medicine. His most seminal

contribution was his concept of the internal environment of the organism, which led to the present understanding of homeostasis—i.e., the self-regulation of vital processes.

Early training

Bernard’s father, Pierre, was a winegrower; his mother, Jeanne Saulnier, was of peasant background. When Claude was very young, his father failed in a wine-marketing venture and tried to make ends meet by teaching school. Despite his efforts, the family never prospered and when he died, the survivors were left in debt.

Educational opportunities were scarce for a poor winegrower’s son in the France of Louis XVIII. The boy studied Latin with the local priest and then was enrolled in a Jesuit-conducted school at Villefranche, where no natural science was taught. At 18 Bernard ended his secondary schooling at Thoissey without a diploma and was apprenticed to an

Claude Bernard

apothecary in a Lyon suburb.

Bernard’s days were spent in menial tasks relieved by errands to a veterinary school or, on his rare times off, by visits to a theatre. He wrote a playlet, La Rose du Rhône, now lost and then began writing Arthur de Bretagne, a historical drama in five acts.

His employer was not pleased, however, and the apprenticeship came to a halt, the youth returning home in July 1833.

By November 1834 he was in Paris with the completed manuscript of Arthur de Bretagne and a letter of introduction.

The literary critic Saint-Marc Girardin read his play and advised him to try medicine

instead of playwriting.

Bernard enrolled that same winter in the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, and in due course, was admitted as an extern in the hospitals. Outwardly reserved and even shy at that time, he had an inner strength that was to overcome poverty and discouragements. Of 29 students passing the examination for the internship, Bernard ranked 26th. Serving in Paris hospitals were the celebrated doctors Pierre Rayer and François Magendie, and Bernard studied under the latter at both the Hôtel-Dieu and the Collège de France. Magendie noticed Bernard’s skillful dissections and took him on as a research assistant.

Bernard became involved in Magendie’s research on spinal

Continued on page XVII

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

From page XVI nerves. His first publication dealt with the chorda tympani (a branch of the facial nerve), while his medical dissertation was devoted to the function of the gastric juice in nutrition (1843).

These maiden publications were prophetic, for much of his later research concerned neurology and metabolism.

Failing in the examination that would have qualified him to teach in the medical school, he collaborated with others in research on digestion and on the exotic poison curare, thus treading two paths that would lead him to fame.

He was rather old at the age of 31 to be content with a research assistantship, however, and resigned the position late in 1844. Left in financial straits, he turned

his thoughts again toward medical practice.

To save his research career, a friend arranged a marriage of convenience for him with Marie-Françoise Martin, daughter of a Paris doctor.

The marriage brought him a dowry of 60,000 francs but was destined to be painfully unhappy. Their separation was to follow his election to the French Academy late in life.

Research on the pancreas and the liver In 1847 Bernard became Magendie’s deputy at the Collège de France. This period was marked by a veritable explosion of discoveries, beginning in 1846, when Bernard solved the mystery of the carnivorous

rabbits. Puzzled one day by the chance observation that some rabbits were passing clear—not cloudy—urine, just like meat-eating animals, he inferred that they had not been fed and were subsisting on their own tissues. He confirmed his hypothesis by feeding meat to the famished animals. An autopsy of the rabbits yielded an important discovery concerning the role of the pancreas in digestion: the secretions of the pancreas broke down fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerin.

Bernard then showed that the principal processes of digestion take place in the small intestine, not in the stomach as was previously believed.

His work on the pancreas led to research on the liver, culminating in his second great discovery, the glycogenic function of the liver.

In 1856 Bernard discovered

glycogen, a white starchy substance found in the liver.

He found that this complex substance was built up by the body from sugar and served as a storage reserve of carbohydrates that could be broken down to sugars as needed, thereby keeping the sugar content of the blood at a constant level. Bernard’s discovery showed that the digestive system not only breaks down complex molecules into simple ones but also does the opposite, building up complex molecules from simpler ones. Simultaneously, he was nearing his third great achievement— explanation of the regulation of the blood supply by the

vasomotor nerves. He discovered in this regard that the vasomotor nerves control the dilation and constriction of blood vessels in response to temperature changes in the environment. For example, in cold weather the blood vessels of the skin constrict in order to conserve heat, while in hot weather they expand to dissipate excess heat.

This control mechanism, like the glycogenic functions of the liver, illustrates how the body maintains a stable internal environment in the midst of changing external conditions—a fundamental phenomenon known as homeostasis.

Bernard also conduct-

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ed important studies on the effects of such poisons as carbon monoxide and curare on the body. He showed that carbon monoxide could substitute for oxygen and combine with haemoglobin, thereby causing oxygen starvation. His experiments with curare showed how this dread poison causes paralysis and death by attacking the motor nerves, while having no effect on the sensory nerves.

He demonstrated that, because of this selectivity, curare could be used as an experimental tool in differentiating neuromuscular from primary muscular mechanisms.

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Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

Why His Kids Are Furious Their Father Remarried

Counting Chickens

My husband and I recently married. We share the same ideals, political views and interests, and we have an incredible relationship and wonderful marriage. We've talked about what a shame we did not meet previously since we had both been single many years.

There is an age difference of 20 years and it does not bother us at all.

We both have children from our previous marriages. We are seniors and just want to enjoy each other and our new status as newlyweds. The problem is my husband's children.

They refuse to accept that their father is a loving man, quite capable of giving love and accepting love in return.

In fact, he is a wonderful, gentleman, unlike I have ever experienced. He told me many times he has never experienced such a loving, caring woman such as myself, and stated his decision to marry again was the best decision he ever made.

I, in return, told him the same since I decided long ago to never marry again.

But I am so happy I accepted his marriage proposal. He proposed twice.

His children seem to think because he is a senior he no longer needs love and a companion. They tried numerous times to talk him out of marriage. Our marriage has caused his children to become hostile and angry. I am devastated by their conduct.

We now think it is imperative to seek legal advice. We are at our wits' end and just want to be left alone.

Alberta Alberta, nobody wants to believe their children are waiting for them to die. Nobody wants to believe how anxious children may be to have their parent's assets, but kids often think parental assets are rightfully theirs.

Your husband's children aren't kids of divorce hoping mommy and daddy get back together. It should be obvious their father would want love and companionship. When does anyone ever stop wanting that?

But there is a difference between you being in his life and you not being in his life. If he dies first, you will get some or all of his assets, and they begrudge you any portion of "their" inheritance.

They've already spent the money in their minds. They know who gets the good silver. They think his money is something due them, like an annuity. Now they are furious and can't admit they've pre-spent the money.

Even if your husband gives them something, they won't get as much as they thought because he will undoubtedly want to leave some portion for the care of his wife. That means whatever your husband does they are still likely to be angry.

They are having a fit over something they can't say. They have already divvied up your husband's possessions. There is no answer for their anger because they have lost control of their father and his assets, if you two stay together.

Your husband needs legal advice to protect both of you from the aggressiveness of his children, and he needs to decide, based on his children's behavior, exactly what they should or should not get. Then they need to be told.

Wayne & Tamara

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Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

Conqueror’s Tears

Softly sleep, my child, certainly not your gently last, In the new created morn you will review the hopeful past And you will appropriate for yourself again a stirring song Resisting the powers to curtail, remaining a victor strong.

Sofly awake , my child, welcome again the rising dazzling sun For the day duly prepare, ahead are races to patiently run Victories are yours by seconds trend, not years upon passing years And when you weep, it must be for you the conqueror’s tears.

Krishna Nand Prasad

Chronicle Pepperpot February 1, 2015

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Triumph A Village of Camaraderie and Harmony

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By Alex Wayne his village was certainly the bomb. I will not hesitate to declare that my experience while visiting there was pure heaven.

The rich camaraderie between residents was certainly refreshing, not to mention the welcoming warmth bestowed on first time visitors by jolly residents.

The fresh crisp ‘country breeze’ seemed to ooze comfort and solace into the inner soul and the merry chatter of the people was like fairyland music to the ears. This was infused by peals of mirthful laughter and the bellow of cattle, drowning out the pitiful bleating of young lambs for their moms who somersaulted freely alongside grassy dams and roadside trenches.

My dear folks I was in the beautiful village of Triumph, located just over six miles from Georgetown.

This large village is inhabited by mostly East Indians, but there is also a sizeable percentage of Negroes and a smaller ratio of mixed races residing there, all living in peace and harmony.

The village is flanked by the equally enthralling village of Mon Repos to the east and the slightly larger Beterverwagting to the west.

This village is separated by several small divisions named Doctor Miller Street, National Walk, Suraj Drive, Ogle Street, Republic Drive and a few others.

As some residents dictated, this village has a population of

almost 2,000, all living comfortably in dreamy little cottage houses and otherwise larger, sophisticated abode.

Touching Down Well the bus ride to this village was quite cool and breezy and the driver and conductress were quite kind to show me the exact location of where the village was separated from its neighbours.

I got off at the junction where the Regional Democratic Council (RDC) Office is situated and bumped into school teacher, Colis Nicholson, who explained that this facility was indeed the ‘business hub’ for Region 4 (Demerara/Mahaica), noting that it housed an Education Department, Registry, Accounts and other offices that make up its day to day operations.

After our brief conversation I trekked into the village heading for the railway embankment where a colourful cluster of dreamy houses beckoned with tropical lustre.

I was taken aback by the welcoming smiles of the people and how they waved at me as though I was a long found friend.

Some shyly questioned the reason for my visit and on hearing my purpose presented themselves to assist in whatever manner they could.

Enjoying the cheerful people I sat down under the shade of a genip tree to chat with the

cheerful, but lamenting 57-year-old Ishrad Shivgobin who is an ailing poverty stricken soul, laden with the trials of life.

This, however, does not stop him from marvelling in the riches of Mother Nature or basking in the refreshing ambience of his home town.

“Bai this ah wan nice, nice village… And meh nable string bury right hea. Me just love dis place… It nice and quiet and every bady hea does live as wan… Ahwe ah get good wata fuh drink, electricity and although de drainage nah perfect, it reasonably good. Me only problem is dat me ah wan sick man and me really ah suffa because ah dah. Me nah get no wuk because me nah get de strength and all my try fuh get de lil fianancial assistance de Govament ah give me nah get through.

Me nah know whea fuh guh or wha fuh duh… Me really need help fuh get food and clothing….. Me ah ask around de place about de assistance, bout everyone just ah push me round.”

My next stop was at Mr. Simon Portland who was elated to be under my radar and almost choked as he bubbled with excitement, “What!!! You is ah media man and yuh want talk tuh me? Eh, eh… Yuh mek me feel really important…”

He too lauded the beauty of the village and the merriment of its people, but noted that while it is a harmonious location they were plagued with the problem of really bad roads.

“Dis village is ah really nice place… And dis is one of de locations where coolie, black, and mixed races live happy together as wan big happy family. In dis village we does share with one another and things are quite fine. De only problem is dat we roads really bad and in de rainy season the big holes does full up with wata and damage de people vehicles. We really need de Govament tuh visit us and do something about dem roads. That aside, life is beautiful in dis area” Village simply divine In every nook and cranny villagers loudly applauded the beauty of the village and the rich camaraderie shared by the inhabitants.

Their blissful tales made me longing to relocate.

My eyes swept across the long line of eye-catching buildings, made more attractive with the array of fruit trees and tropical flower plants that so nicely decorated well-swept yards and pathways.

The sandy streets twisted and turned like snakes amongst the comfortable cottages and I marvelled at how the youths darted in and out of the grocery shops, shopping lollipops, tamarind balls, or groceries for their impatient moms who stood at the gates sometimes heaving for fear that dinner will be late for their soon home coming husbands.

Even the sheep, cattle and goats seemed to be enjoying at leisure the quite calm of the location as they munched on juicy grass by the roadside, rolling their eyes in sweet wonder at the tasty flavours they were digesting.

Quite fat and healthy looking puppies pranced about without a care and a few of them even ran up to me and

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Phenomenal Karaoke DJ, ‘Al Christie’ is a popular figure in the village

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Staffers at the RDC Office retire after a hard days’ work

Triumph From page XXI

sniffed my feet withy ‘doggy curiosity’, before darting off for their ‘animal romping’ amongst the tall grass or bushes.

Triumph In The Olden Days Today Triumph is a very spectacular village that sports a vast arrangement of lovely houses, shops and other businesses.

But in times gone by this impressive location was certainly not what it is today. To shed light on this era was retired Headmistress, Jean Cadogan who has lived there as a young girl.

“This is by far one of the most impressive village on the East Coast of Demerara. Here we live as one big, happy family despite our race or creed. He harbour or share no negative difference, and we often like to call ourselves the ‘Big Family.

In my days as young girl growing up this village was, not as developed as it is today. In my childhood days Negroes and East Indians lived as one. This has always been the custom in this village…. My fore-parents were popular for rearing goats here for over a hundred years.

And I could remember the days when there were birthday celebrations, neighbours would come and beg for a goat and my grandmother would just give it to them freely regardless of their race.

The yards were not fenced and it was such a pleasant sight to see the children hopping about playing marbles and hopscotch… I can remember the days when an East Indian man gambled out his entire property and we took him in with his family and he stayed with us for months. Such was the degree of love and harmony amongst neighbours.

In my time we had no electricity so to get around at nights some used gas lamps or flamboughs (lamps made with cloth wicks soaked in kerosene, in bottles) To get water we had to gather at two standpipes in the village and often fights broke out when village bullies did not want to wait their turns to fill water. At one time a young man made the mistake to push me out the way and the fire ball I was… My fists began flying like crazy.

In zero time I tore off his shirt, scratched up his entire face and using my bucket, beat him until he fell in a nearby trench

from which his friends had to pull him out”.

She related that in the olden days they bought fresh meat every day for cooking since meat was plentiful. There were many poultry farmers in the village.

Those days most people were employed as farmers and cane harvester at the La Bonne Intention (LBI) Sugar Estate, while there were a few fishermen and vendors. Drainage was not the best, but villagers used forks and shovels to clear drains and small trenches to avoid flooding.

How Triumph Village Got Its Name As history would dictate, on May 8, 1839, 62 ex-slaves pooled from their savings the princely sum of $52,000 to ac-

quire the estate of Baron Von Gronigen, a Dutch coloniser who held on to his lands during the British occupation of the colony. The name `Beterverwagting’ literally translates as `Better for waiting’ was chosen by the purchasers for these lands.

Three years later, one Lambert Christian acquired the area immediately east of Beterverwagting and sought to confer the name `Plaisance Profitt’ on these lands. His wish was frustrated since the name Plaisance was already assigned to another village a few miles west of these lands. In the circumstances the name `Triumph’ was chosen for the area.

The village market attracted customers from all parts of the country and was perhaps the busiest place in Guyana on Saturdays. In attendance were itinerant vendors such as `Knowledge’ with his erratic pricing system; `Brown Betty’

The Bakewell Facility offers employment to many youths in the village

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The poor and ailing Ishrad Shivgobin laments his need for public assistance

pedalled popsicle carts all the way from Georgetown; newspaper vendors Derek Katchay and Mr. King making home deliveries; and invariably, the walking lexicographer, Prophet Wills. Food vendors, such as Amechand (Baccoo-Boy) and Hydar offered aloo (potato) balls and channa in competition with Gertrude who boasted the best black-pudding and souse in all Guyana.

Everyone in the area had a false name. Those which come to mind include Lord Mud, Grabble, Josey Catuntun, Salt Pipe, Yangoor Tiger, John Mulaloo, Cockhead, Cheese Mouth, Brave Boy, Fighting Cock, Turkey Money, Juglamp, Marmite, Daddy ole Horse, Gold Foot, Turkey Chest, Lamp Oil, Captain Midnight, Scraps and the Pope! Some of the false names are not suited for publication in a family newspaper!

A well maintained drainage canal

Entertainment & Employment Triumph is customarily a quiet village and there is only one disco there called Genip Tree Disco where villagers would gather on weekends for revelling and to have their fill of alcoholic beverages.

That aside, villagers wait for occasional birthdays or for the massive wedding celebrations, where relatives, friends and well-wishers will revel for days to come in wild, festive abandon.

Today villagers are ambitious and try their best to find some sort of gainful employment.

While there seem to be many shopkeepers, there are a few masons, still a few farmers, while some persons continue to rear poultry. That aside, many are occupied in various positions in the sugar estates along the lower coast of Guyana.

The Bakewell Facility in the village also opens doors for numerous levels of employment for many villagers. Just a few are employed in administrative positions inside the RDC Office.

Religion This village enjoys an exciting fusion of cultures and customs without conflicts or any apparent disagreements.

While some follow the Muslim and Hindu faiths, a large number are Christians and would worship at the Kingdom Hall of Jehovah Witnesses, Triumph Assembly of God Church, Sadhu Sudan Singh Lutheran Church and other such facilities.

Conclusion Fancy words would not do this dreamy village any justice to proclaim its beauty. Sophisticated phrases will not creditably describe the jolly and hospitable people.

Hence, I urge you to take a trip there and enjoy the ultimate, ‘Triumph Experience.’

Children prancing about in the dusty streets

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Glossy looking heifers enjoy the abundant juicy grass available for munching

The Triumph Regional Democratic Office

Teachers at the Triumph Nursery School close shop for the day

Retired Headmistress Jean Cadogan in the company of her welcoming sister, Hyacinth

Busty moms escort their young daughters from school

Pretty little houses all in a row

The Triumph Nursery School

The well managed Triumph Cemetery alongside the public road

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Kidney damage in uncontrolled diabetes

A

By Dr. Kumar Sukhraj

common complication that a diabetic person may experience is nephropathy. Nephropathy means damage to the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy is damage to your kidneys caused by uncontrolled diabetes. In severe cases it can lead to kidney failure. It is important to note that not everyone with diabetes has kidney damage how-

ever kidney damage can occur if a diabetic does not take good control of their health.

Each kidney is made of hundreds of thousands of small units called nephrons. These structures filter your blood and help remove waste from your body.

In people with diabetes, the small blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged and the nephrons thicken and slowly become scarred over time. When these happen, the kidneys begin to leak and protein (albumin) passes into

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Dr. Kumar Sukhraj the urine. These damages can happen years before any symptoms begin. The exact cause is unknown. However, kidney damage is more likely if there is poor control of diabetes with high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

In some cases, your family history may also play a role.

People with diabetes who smoke and those with type 1

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Kidney damage ...

From page XXVI

diabetes that started before age 20 have a higher risk for kidney problems. People of African-American, Hispanic, and American Indian origin are also more likely to have kidney damage.

Often, patients may not have any symptoms as the kidney damage starts and slowly gets worse. Kidney damage can begin 5 to 10 years before symptoms start.People who have more severe and long-term (chronic) kidney damage may have symptoms such as: • Fatigue most of the time • General ill feeling • Headache • Nausea and vomiting • Poor appetite • Swelling of the legs Your doctor can order tests to detect signs of kidney problems in the early stages. When kidney damage is caught in its early stages, it can be slowed with treatment. So it's important for people with diabetes to have regular testing, usually every year.

As damage to the kidneys gets worse, your blood pressure rises. Your cholesterol and triglyceride levels rise too.

You may need to take more than one medicine to treat these complications.

There are many steps a person can take to prevent and manage kidney failure. These are as follows; • Keep your blood sugar levels within your target range. This can help slow the damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys.

• Work with your doctor to keep your blood pressure under control. For most people who have diabetes, the ideal blood pressure is below 120/80. High blood pressure is 140/80 or higher when you have diabetes.

• Keep your heart healthy by eating healthy foods and exercising regularly. Preventing heart disease is important, because people with diabetes are more likely to have heart and blood vessel diseases. And people with kidney disease are at an even higher risk for heart disease.

• Watch how much protein you eat. Eating too much is hard on your kidneys. If diabetes has affected your kidneys, limiting how much protein you eat may help you preserve kidney function. Talk to your doctor or dietitian about how much protein is best for you.

• Watch how much salt you eat. Eating less salt helps keep high blood pressure from getting worse.

• Don't smoke or use other tobacco products.

Please feel free to send an email to kumarsukhraj@yahoo.com or call 6228032 for further enquiry and discussion on the topic. Patient education plays an important in the diagnosis and management of diabetes and any other illness.

Please look forward for a continuation of the discussion on health issues in the next publication.

References American Diabetes Association.Standards of medical care in diabetes--2012.Diabetes Care. 2012 Jan;35Suppl 1:S11-63.

Parving H, Mauer M, Fioretto P, Rossing P, Ritz E. Diabetic Nephropathy. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011

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The Guardian Angel A man was walking in the street when he heard a voice. "Stop! Stand still! If you take one more step, a brick will fall down on your head and kill you."

The man stopped and a big brick fell right in front of him. The man was astonished.

He went on and after a while he was going to cross the road. Once again the voice shouted: "Stop! Stand still! If you take one more step a car will run over you and you will die."

The man did as he was instructed, just as a car came careening around the corner, barely missing him. "Where are you?" the man asked. "Who are you?"

"I am your guardian angel," the voice answered.

"Oh yeah?" the man asked. "And where the hell were you when I got married?"

George Falls in Love One Sunday morning George burst into the living room and said, "Dad! Mom! I have some great news for you! I am getting married to the most beautiful girl in town. She lives a block away and her name is Susan. After dinner, George's dad took him aside, "Son, I have to talk with you. Look at your mother, George. She and I have been married 30 years, she's a wonderful wife and mother, but, she has never offered much excitement in the bedroom, so I used to fool around with women a lot."

"Susan is actually your half- sister, and I'm afraid you can't marry her." George was brokenhearted.

After eight months he eventually started dating girls again. A year later he came home and very proudly announced, "Diane said yes! We're getting married in June."

Again his father insisted on another private conversation and broke the sad news. "Diane is your half-sister too, George.

"I'm awfully sorry about this." George was livid!

He finally decided to go to his mother with the news his father had shared.

"Dad has done so much harm. I guess I'm never going to get married," he complained. "Every time I fall in love, Dad tells me the girl is my half-sister."

"Hee hee," his mother chuckled, shaking her head, "Don't pay any attention to what he says. He's not really your father."

Wedding Riot A young couple got married, and in their family, it was tradition that the best man dance with the bride for the first song. Well, this happened...but then they danced for the second song too. And the third.

By the time the fourth song came on, the groom ran up and kicked the bride between the legs. A riot broke out, and all the invited guests were hauled off to jail.

In court the next week the judge asked the best man what happened.

"Your honour, we were just dancing, and the groom ran up and kicked the bride between the legs."

"That must have hurt," said the judge.

"No kidding," said the best man. "I broke three of my fingers."

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Older adults at a greater risk for oral health problems

M

ost people do not quite appreciate the importance of the close relationship between oral health and general health. Classically, the natural aging process puts older adults at greater risk for oral health problems because they experience declining physical and/or mental status, exposure to medications for age-related systemic conditions and reluctance to seek routine dental care. In fact, because of this reality, in some developed countries there are dental clinics that only attend to persons who are sixty-five years and older.

Studies have shown that people over 65 years of age

account for at least one-third of all prescription drug use.

Elderly patients seeking dental treatment are presenting medical histories that are increasingly more complex. Medications are a concern for the elderly because they cannot only alter the body’s defense mechanisms, but also the body’s physiologic, immunologic, and biochemical status.

When elderly patients present themselves for dental treatment they are likely to be on multiple drug regimens, so the health professional will need to avoid complex drug regimens because they are costly, patient compliance decreased at this age and the chance for adverse drug reactions and interactions is greatly increased in this population. It is mandatory for dentists to have a comprehensive medical history before treatment or medications are prescribed.

Continued on page XXXI

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Older adults at a greater risk ...

From page XXX

Elderly patients should furnish a list of all medications they are taking and their dosage to dentists before treatment is started. Many dentists will want to contact the patient’s primary physician and any other involved professionals before treatment is started, so bring this information with you on your first visit to the dentist’s office.

Medications taken by patients are responsible for dry mouth and other salivary gland problems; abnormal bleeding when brushing or flossing; gingival overgrowth; inflamed or ulcerated tissues; micro flora imbalance; mouth burning, numbness, or tingling; movement disorders; soft tissue alteration and taste alteration.

Many of the medications commonly prescribed to elderly patients have both systemic effects and product adverse reactions in the oral cavity. If an antibiotic is necessary, by all means take it as directed. However, if diarrhoea, especially bloody stools, occurs, call your dentist immediately. Elderly patients do not absorb antibiotics are readily as younger patients. Colon problems are not limited to elderly patients, but they are more frequent in that population. Many anti-inflammatory drugs cause gastric irritation, and may product ulcers.

The drug most commonly prescribed to the elderly are for treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this group, diuretics used to manage hypertension and drugs from the nitrate group used to treat anginal symptoms can cause dry mouth. Many antihistamines also contribute to dry mouth and eyes. Coumadin, a drug used to treat stroke victims is an anticoagulant that can cause bleeding problems when dental treatment is performed. Invasive treatment should not be done without close monitoring of bleeding times. Spontaneous bleeding in the mouth indicates over dosage.

Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can be inactivated when taken with antacids. Since many elderly patients take multiple medications and over-the-counter (OTC) items, they need to list on their health history all items (prescribed or OTC) before they see the dentist for treatment.

Aspirin is commonly taken for arthritic conditions. Some doses are near toxic levels. A reaction could be precipitated if the dentist were to prescribe one of the many common aspirin-containing medications to a patient who was already taking large doses of aspirin. It is generally recommended that aspirin intake be stopped one week prior to invasive dental treatment.

Codeine-containing analgesics are commonly prescribed for oral pain. A major side-effect is constipation. Patients should discuss this problem with their dentist and/or pharmacist before having any prescription filled.

Your dentist should know about heart disease, heart valve damage, joint replacements, and bypass operations before he starts your treatment. Some of these conditions might require antibiotic coverage as suggested by the American Heart Association, before treatment is started.

In general, the half-life of most drugs is increased in the elderly population. The diminished microsomal enzyme activity in the liver makes the metabolism of drugs slower, and excretion is prolonged because of renal clearance. This results in an increased duration of drug action in the elderly, making the chances of drug interactions and adverse drug reactions higher in this population in comparison with younger people.

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Salvage and Create – DIYs, Beauty and Fashion Tips

with Raveena Mangal

Try some of the following easy, inexpensive beauty hacks and shortcuts and make it your secrets to looking flawless! (btw, these are all tested, tried and true methods that I’ve tried and they work!)

1. Nobody likes to smile and have someone tell you your teeth are wearing your lipstick. A great way to avoid this is to simply wipe your lips from the inside out. Remember making those “popping” noises when you were a kid? This is the same thing. Your finger will wipe away the excess lipstick and leave your teeth shiny white.

2. Concealing dark circles and bags under your eyes is much easier when you apply concealer properly. Instead of dotting on concealer in the pattern of your eyes, apply it in a trianglular shape. It will perfectly cover up those dark circles and bags and give you the look that you want.

3. Afraid of gel liner but want that strong black line?

Heat regular Khol pencil liner with a lighter or candle, let it cool for 15 seconds then line your eyes confidently for an intense black.

4. Get your lipstick and mascara to hold longer by lightly dusting translucent powder over the first coat.

5. Use a broad rubber band to section off a nail to do a quick French tip manicure.

EGG HAIR MASK Whilst researching DIY treatments for dry hair, I came across many recipes and positive reviews for egg yolk hair masks and I decided, why not?

The recipe: 1 large egg ( I used the entire thing, to be economical and to avoid questions from my mom!), 1 tbsp olive oil, 1 tbsp honey and 1 tbsp water.

I whisked the mixture together put it in my hair in sections. It was not too pleasant smelling or feeling, but hey, no pain no gain, right?

Wrapping my hair in a bun and putting on a shower cap, I left the mixture in for about an hour (Incidentally the approximate time for an episode or 2 of your favourite serial) Washing the mask out, however, took some effort, I used lukewarm water (hot or too warm will give you scramble eggs in your hair) and shampooed and conditioned twice.

The results: when my hair dried, I definitely noticed a huge difference! My hair felt softer and lighter, and stronger somehow. Plus, I noticed a lot less split ends and it was shiny as though serum was in it.

I hope you will do you own research and try this awesome organic hair mask!

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Leprosy is not a curse

By Telesha Ramnarine LEPROSY in Guyana may not be as prevalent as other diseases but there might very well be many unknown cases in the country as Guyana has borders with Brazil, the country with the largest number of cases after India.

This is according to Director of the Public Health Skin Clinic, Mrs. Heather Morris-Wilson, who spoke to the Chronicle recently in the context of World Leprosy Day which was observed last Sunday by more than 100 countries across the globe.

Ms. Morris-Wilson spoke to this newspaper along with Nursing Assistant Sheila Durga, Public Health Nurse/Health Visitor Wendy Bowman and Nursing Assistant Ann Hutson.

According to Bowman, a major activity in observance of Leprosy Day this year is s the holding of a fun-day for patients on the lawns of the Palms on Brickdam. This event is fixed for February 5. “We invite our patients for lunch, games and music. We also display banners at strategic locations and share fliers,” she informed.

Meanwhile, Durga explained that they make it a point to personally call up the patients of the clinic and invite them for the fun-day. This is not the first time that such an activity is being held.

NOT A CURSE The Leprosy Clinic sees fewer than one hundred cases each year but Dr. Morris-Wilson believes that should authorities become complacent the disease will continue to spread.

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease (HD), is a chronic infection caused by the bacterium mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepromatosis. It takes its name from the Latin word Lepra, which means “scaly,” while the term “Hansen’s Disease” is named after the physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen.

The observance of World Leprosy Day was started in the Dr. Heather Morris-Wilson

1950s as a way to raise awareness with the public that leprosy is curable and for patients suffering with it to know that they are cared for.

According to Morris-Wilson, Guyana started its observance sometime in the 1980s when the programme started to develop here. Internationally, it is held every January 30 or the Sunday closest to it.

“We would observe it because we have cases. Last year we recorded 28 new cases. Is it under reported? In our country, we are not able to visit certain communities because of its geography. The country with the largest number of cases is India and then comes Brazil and we have borders with Brazil. We haven’t studied it and we are not sure but of course we have to always keep thinking that there are cases out there and we have to be able to go in and if we ignore it, it will spread,” Dr Morris-Wilson explained.

“Every year we have to do a lot of awareness campaigns and I find that even in view of these, people don’t understand and they keep confusing it with other diseases. Leprosy is curable and it is not a curse. It’s very hard to make people understand what leprosy is because it’s not popular. We need a change of attitude towards leprosy which must be perceived like any other disease. We want persons to view it like any other illness,” she further stated.

Treatment is available and is free of charge. The Ministry of Health collaborates with the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and drugs are obtained from Geneva free of charge. “So patients should not feel that they have the diagnosis and there is no treatment,” Dr Morris-Wilson said.

Region 4 (Demerara/Mahaica) has the highest number of cases so far. We have clinics in Regions 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10. The other regions have not been touched so we don’t know if we

have cases there.” it in indirect ways.”

“The concept now, according to the world Health OrganiTransmission can occur by someone who is heavily infectsation (WHO) and PAHO is for us to integrate leprosy services ed with leprosy and if treatment is not started, this individual into the primary health care system. We have not completely can cause the bacteria to spread. “If it is discovered late, it can done that because we would have to go into hospitals to train cause deformity because of the nerve damage.” people in their regions. Of course, we would need funds to do “It has been found that leprosy patients are often this and to follow up on the training. The Ministry of Health shunned, even by family members, because the disease is very helpful. Even though the funding is slow, we get stuff comes with visible deformities. And hence, such individuals done.” feel discriminated against. How vital to make these ones Dr Morris-Wilson has had patients who confessed to feel wanted and loved,” Dr Morris-Wilson exhorted. her that they opted to consult a ‘witch doctor’ for help because they believe leprosy is a curse from God. “Most of our patients sometimes go to witch doctors that give them remedies. I have actually have patients who confessed to me, and learned people too, not the layman. Learned persons have been fooled into thinking that,” she said.

However, “everyone” is susceptible to leprosy. “You develop leprosy depending on your body’s immunity. So you have to try to build your immune system; exercise, eat your proper meals. Just be From right are Nursing Assistant Sheila Durga, Public Health Nurse/ healthy. There is no way to reHealth Visitor Wendy Bowman and other Nursing Assistant Ann Hutson ally prevent it. You can obtain

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English

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The Drip Irrigation System

T

By Clifford Stanley

HE basic components of a drip irrigation system are: the water tank or a water pump, the drip tapes (sort of hoses with holes in them) connectors, valves and PVC pipes and a water filter.

The drip tapes can be bought locally.

The holes in the drip tape are set at spaces ranging from four inches to twelve inches apart depending on the irrigation requirements of the garden or farm.

The major problem is blockage of the holes in the lines, hence the need for a filter.

But if you really want to enjoy the benefits of drip irrigation in your garden, there is no need to feel daunted..

There is a particular local company which specialises in the installation of complete drip irrigation systems, large or small.

The local company is named Hydro-Green Products and operates from 82, David Street, Kitty.

A spokesman said that the company can install drip irriga-

tion systems for an area from as small as a backyard garden up to an area of up to twenty acres.

A spokesman said that they can install an entire drip system depending on the size of the garden in less than a day and the price charged will depend on the specifications of the user.

This company can provide gravity flow systems which can originate from a large overhead tank or a humble rain barrel mounted on a trestle.

They can also provide technical support and their drip irrigation systems have a minimum life of five years..

With this system all you do is turn the drip system on and then off after a specific period of time usually ten minutes depending on the type of plants being watered.

Which means that you can be free of dragging around a heavy garden hose and worst getting entangled in such a hose and falling over.

You can also avoid the hard work and wastage of water associated with a water can.

While the system is working you can read a book or go wash the dishes or some such other productive activity.

The drip irrigation system will in short enable you to get a life.

The benefits of the system relating to conservation of water were outlined last week.

Person who are using the system have testified to its usefulness. “It involves an initial investment but it is worth the

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time and effort and water saved,� a professional gardener who uses the system in his greenhouse, has said.

Hydro-Green Products , which provides drip irrigation systems at economical prices, can be contacted on cell telephone # 686 8905 or via e-mail address: hydro.green.products@gmail.com.

Rihanna & Leonardo DiCaprio: The Promise She Made About Her Body

Producers Guild Awards Red Carpet: Jennifer Lawrence & More

So many amazing red carpet looks all in one night! The Producers Guild Awards featured gorgeous dress and outfits from Jennifer Lawrence, Kerry Washington and more. Click to see the PICS! The Producers Guild Awards red carpet was the place for all the stars to shine. Celebs stepped out for the Jan. 24 event wearing some of their best looks yet.

Jennifer Lawrence, 24, stunned in Prada, Reese Witherspoon, 38, looked totally chic and Kerry Washington, 37, was so pretty in a floral gown.

Are Rihanna and Leonardo becoming more than just a hot hookup? Rihanna made Leo a shocking promise about her body that totally ‘blew her mind.’ HollywoodLife.com has the EXCLUSIVE scoop!

Leonardo DiCaprio, 40, is “hitting all the right spots” for Rihanna, 26. The sexy stars have turned up the heat in their hookups, and the “S&M” singer even made Leo a big promise about her body! HollywoodLife.com can EXCLUSIVELY reveal all the details.

Rihanna & Leonardo DiCaprio Falling In Love? She Makes Him Promise About Her Body “Rihanna has always been the type of girl who does whatever she wants, when she wants.

Ian Somerhalder & Nina Dobrev: ‘Very Touchy’ On Set Of Vampire Diaries

She wants a new tattoo on her body, but she’s stuck because Leo asked her to promise him she won’t let the needle touch her body until she falls in love again. She’s a woman of her word and she’s sticking to that,” a source tells HollywoodLife. com EXCLUSIVELY. Of course, Rihanna is up for the challenge, and it’s making her fall for Leo even more — especially because Ian Somerhalder is newly engaged to the love of his he’s not begging her to fall in love with him. life Nikki Reed but you won’t believe what we just found out about his on-set relationship with his ex Nina Dobrev!

A source told us EXCLUSIVELY that the two are VERY ‘touchy’ behind the scenes!

PDA ALERT! A source on the set of The Vampire Diaries revealed that Nina Dobrev, 26, and her co-star/ex-boyfriend Ian Somerhalder, 36, got pretty cozy in between takes on the set of the show!

Kristen Stewart & Robert Pattinson: She Fears Awkward Run-In At Coachella 2015

What used to be a fun and romantic weekend getaway for Kristen and Rob when they were dating could soon turn out to be an awkward situation between the exes. Rob’s new girlfriend, FKA Twigs, is set to perform at this year’s Coachella, and all three stars are set to attend.

Will Kristen Stewart, 24, and Robert Pattinson, 28, run into each other at Coachella this year? The two celebs are expected to attend the hot ticket festival, which will include a highly-anticipated performance by Rob’s new girlfriend, FKA twigs, 26, who was just added to the line-up. “It’s bittersweet” for the Still Alice actress, but nothing will stop her from attending the festival, an insider tells HollywoodLife.