Guyana Chronicle pepperpot Epaper 04 28 2019

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Rupununi Rodeo 2019

The Rupununi Rockers performed a rodeo dance during the opening ceremony of the 2019 Rupununi Ranchers Rodeo (Delano Williams photo)

II

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Jaguars on the offensive …while Department of Environment and GWCMC work with animals and communities CATTLE rearing in some communities of Guyana have always been a big undertaking, and it currently continues to maintain this pattern. However, for some areas there is an issue of wildcats, primarily in the form of jaguars, attacking cattle.

On a recent visit by the Pepperpot Magazine to the community of Ithaca, it was found that jaguars had already destroyed some cattle, leaving others evidently in a traumatised state. Many of the cattle had a ‘sick’ and hungry look, very timid, yet

ready to strike out at any one who crossed their path close enough. It was not a pleasant sight, especially one cow lay sick and eventually died.

are apex predators, which are relatively small in number; yet they help to maintain a balance in the population of the species on which they they prey; therefore, removing these predators can have catastrophic consequences on the environment.

The expansion of human settlements into abandoned or overgrown land, which forms the natural habitat for these animals; older animals looking for and having access to easy prey through animal husbandry that may not be carefully planned out; and

MOA AND GWCMC Having encountered such a situation, the Pepperpot Magazine, reacting to calls for help by some cattle farmers, made contact with officials of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), who immediately referred us to the Guyana Wildlife Conservation and Management Commission

unsanitary environments are some factors that can cause wildcats to linger in a community.

The GWCMC stated such situations may lead to disastrous results for all parties involved, where people lose their crops, livestock, property, and sometimes their lives.

At the same time, while the animals are often killed in retaliation or to ‘prevent’ future conflicts, it should be noted that it is unlikely for a wildcat to attack any human being unless it feels threatened.

Turn to page VI►►►

Jaguar! Jaguar! Jaguar!

(GWCMC) and there contact was eventually made.

According to the Stakeholder Management Coordinator of the Department of Environment, Ms. Onika Stellingburg, they are fully cognisant of “instances of communities being affected by the presence of wildcats” and have thus offered recommended ways, channelled through the GWCMC, by

noted, “According to Section 4 (7) of the Wildlife Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use Regulations (2019), all wildcats are protected and it is an offence to collect, hold in captivity, kill, hunt, or otherwise molest a protected species,” adding that the most common wildcats that communities are affected by are the jaguar and puma.

Margay, Leopardus wiedil is also a carnivore. It is a solitary, nocturnal cat that has fur that can be grayish to cinnamon in colour. It is covered with black-ringed rosettes. They have large eyes that are adapted to night vision, since they are nocturnal (active at night).

They can survive less than 10 years in the wild and up to 20 years in captivity. Unlike other cats, the margay is able to move down the tree, with its head going before its feet. This is possible because it has flexible ankles of the front feet that can be rotated for 180 degrees

The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is another carnivorous mammal, which is generally twice the size of a regular house cat, weighing up to 40 pounds. This animal can swim well and also easily climb trees. They hunt fish, as well as birds, monkeys. rabbits, iguanas, frogs and

The puma is called by such names as cougar, panther, mountail lion, red tiger or deer tiger. It is reported to be the fifth heaviest wildcat after the lion, leopard, jaguar and tiger The jaguarondi, also known as the otter cat, is covered with uniformly coloured fur that can be reddish, grayish or black to brownish. These animals spend most of their time on the ground and during the day time. They are extremely vocal, producing as much as 13 different sounds and can jump as high as 6.5 feet to catch a flying bird. The body of this animal is long and slender with short legs, small, flattened head fitted with rounded ears, and has a long tail

which there can be the possible co-existence of human beings and the wildcats.

The GWCMC noted that there are six species of wildcats in Guyana, which are the jaguar, ocelot, puma, oncilla, jaguarondi and margay. It

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS The GWCMC emphasised that there are some important points to take into consideration when dealing with these wildcats. These include that these wildcats

The oncilla, Lepardus tigrinus, is also known as the Little Spotted Cat, Tigrillo, Tiger Cat or Little Tiger Cat. It is covered with beautiful fur that can be tan or ochre in colour, but it has been reported that one fifth of all oncillas are completely black; they are most active at twilight and nights

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

III

An Easter well spent The Ann`s Grove parenting group kite camp was totally entertaining

Sherlock Isaacs, Clerk of the National Assembly

Dellon Adams, Coordinator of the Ann`s Grove Parenting Association (AGPA)

Children making their kites from materials donated by the sponsors

Genevieve Allen, Regional Chairperson, Region Four

By M Margaret Burke THE Ann’s Grove, Clonbrook, Two Friends catchment area on the East Coast of Demerara recently celebrated their 2nd Annual Kite Camp as part of Easter celebrations. This event was held in Ann’s Grove and catered for 100 children.

This event, which was organised and coordinated by the Ann’s Grove social activist, Dellon Adams on behalf of Ann`s Grove Parenting Association (AGPA), saw maximum participation from both parents and children within the communities.

Adams told the Pepperpot Magazine that the AGPA is a movement which engages parents of the catchment area at bi-monthly meetings, with the intended objective to enhance parenting skills,

Charles Anderson, aka COUNT OUT

provide guidance on how to access resources, aid personal development, and to provide a forum for parents to share and find solutions for life`s challenges.

“This, we believe, would eventually result in a better quality of life for families and a better community… even as parents develop new parenting skills; we felt it was also necessary to provide opportunities for parent/child interaction. Hence, while the objective of the Kite Camp is to provide a space for our children to express their creativity and develop camaraderie, it is also a forum for parent/child interaction,” she related.

The event was held in Ann`s Grove. Kite frames, kite paper, paste, twine, scissors and refreshments were provided for the children.

The children were also told

The finished product being showed off by many of the children

Lt. Col. Raul Jerrick

Ashley Hinds, Sponsor

the Easter story.

According to Adams, while the AGPA catered for 100 children this proved insufficient as each year it gets bigger and better. “We are therefore planning for 200 children next year and persons are free to contact the coordinator, Dellon Adams, if they are desirous of contributing.

She indicated that the event was made possible

because of the contributions made by a number of persons, which included Mr. Sherlock Isaacs, Clerk of the National Assembly, Ms. Genevieve Allen, Regional Chairperson, Region Four, Mr. Ashley Hinds, Mr. Charles Anderson aka COUNT OUT, Lt. Col. Raul Jerrick and Mr. and Mrs. Richard and Joycelyn Adams. Sister Eileen Dover shared the Easter story.

IV

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Curtain comes down on four decades of dance … final Nrityageet dance show to be held May 3-4 at NCC

By Elvin Carl Croker AFTER 40 years of continued success, one of Guyana’s longest- running dance shows, “Nrityageet,” will be hosted for the final time on May 2-3 at the National Cultural Centre. “Nrityageet” -- which means “pure song and dance” in Hindi -- is a dance production by the Shaw family which has been gracing the stage since 1979.

The debut performance 40 years ago on the Queen’s College stage, which was at that time the popular hot spot for such activities, was described as a ‘hit’ and a springboard for the other shows. This show drew much media attention and got major inputs from the Indian Cultural Centre dance teachers.

DIVERSITY CHALLENGES Dr. Seeta Shah Roath, the eldest of the Shaw siblings, said the decision to “close up shop” on four decades of hard work in dance stemmed from various challenges. One such challenge included issues surrounding the diversity of the show. “I was offered six million dollars at one time to not have non-Indians on the show. I said ‘I’m sorry, that’s not us and there is no way we could do that, so keep your money,’” she said.

She said that the Indian Cultural Centre was more diverse in the earlier years, in that they used to have a lot of different dancers from various ethnic groups, noting that Andre Subryan was one of them.

“Mandirs were being told not to attend Nrityageet because we had such a diverse stage of not only dancers, but dance styles and so on; people prefer Bollywood, they preferred filmy dances and they prefer it to be pure, pure Indian,” she said. She noted that the show suffered a lack of support by most Indian communities over the recent years because of this.

OTHER MATTERS She further related that other companies offered to fund the show if it goes to the fairground, something she did not agree with, noting that the show is ‘dance theatre’ and being a lover of the arts, she felt that would be dropping the standards of the show; “I think we are going out maintaining our standards as dance t ‘heatre’ and I will continue to teach,” she said.

The organiser stated that being able to keep young dancers interested in the production, in rehearsals, in learning more and more, also contributed to the challenges of the show. “These are young people at the age of puberty or just past puberty and they want to have boyfriends and some get married and their male counterparts wouldn’t want them to dance anymore,” she said.

IN THE BEGINNING Relating the genesis of Nrityageet, Seeta said she was only 23 and had just given birth to her beautiful daughter Suzan, when she joined the rest of her family and stepped on the Queen’s College stage in the first dance performance.

She said Nrityageet is the brainchild

(From left) Daphne Rogers - Administrator for the National Cultural Centre for years, Indranie Shah and Nadira Shah, Rajendra Shah, Bhanmattee Shah, Billy Pilgrim, Director of Culture for several years, Andre Subryan and Seeta Shah Roath (then Mohamed), in the front row.

of her sister Nadira; a concept she birthed after a dance performance in Trinidad and Tobago at the University of the West Indies (UWI) on the occasion of its Indian immigration celebration and conference that year.

“She danced the Kathak solo and everybody thought it was fantastic. They couldn’t believe that she was from the Caribbean; they thought she was actually from a Kendra in India. When she told them that she had learned everything right at the Indian Cultural Centre in Guyana, they were amazed.”

This overwhelming response, coupled with the fact that her father Cyril Shaw was a show business promoter in Guyana for a very long time, sparked her inspiration to form the group.

Seeta said that her mother was a great inspiration to the shows from day one , creating all the costumes for many years.

She said her first dance production was at 13 years old at the Kitty College, which is long before the Nrityageet production started. Her sister, Nadira, was about eight years old at the time: “I used her in my productions, because I was a ballet dancer,” she said. At that age, she said she had a ballroom dance choreography, a ballet dance choreography and an Indian dance choreography.

She said the show started the same year that Eze Rockcliffe started his band, the Yoruba Singers. “We both started at the same show at the same time and I was doing ‘plight of the right,’ one of Francis Quamina Farrier’s

A Bangra at Queen’s College. Thereafter, all Nrityageets were at the NCC.

plays, so it was an all-round theatrical experience,” she said. This was the background that was bought to Nrityageet’s diversity in dance styles.

Seeta said she mostly played a behind-thescenes role at first, writing, researching, helping to design costumes, doing the props, sets and so on.

“I also brought the theatre arts in terms of light, sound, stage, backdrops and ensuring that every dance was set into a different scenario, a different setting and the dramatic aspect. So Nrityageet had the challenge of bringing that respect to the dance form,” she said.

Seeta expressed gratitude for the sponsorship that the show has received over its lifespan; sponsors include Guyana Airways, BWIA, Demerara Distillers Ltd., GT&T, Fogarty’s, Beepat’s, Kirpalani’s, Banks DIH, and many more. She also expressed gratitude to the National Dance Company and some of the teachers of The National School of Dance who danced Kathak with them and who were taught by Phillip McClintock.

Phillip McClintock was a student of the Indian Cultural Centre and had completed a dance scholarship in India. He also became the director of the National School of Dance.

He died in 1986. He and Nadira were dance partners on many different national shows.

He was thought to be the only Guyanese who could equal Nadira in Kathak dance and they did well together.

Nrityageet received the Group Award for Guyana’s National Award, the Medal of Service, for ”Sustained and Outstanding Contributions to the Cultural Mosaic of Guyana” and has also been repeatedly awarded “Best Dance Production,” “Best Costumes” and “Best Set” by the Guyana Theatre Arts Awards and the Madame Iffel Award of Barbados.

Nrityageet also received a special award by the Theatre Arts Awards for 21 years of “Exceptional Diligence in the Pursuit of Excellence”; and by the New York group of Guyanese for “Long and Sustained Dance Productions of Excellence.” Nrityageet also received the “Icon of the Arts” award from the Theatre Guild of Guyana.

“We had proved ourselves to be a Dance Theatre show with full dance dramas, classical and folk dances of International standard, and we were a diverse production in dance styles, as well as a Guyanese multi-ethnic composition of dancers doing Kathak and Indian folk. I think we are going out maintaining our standards as dance theatre. I will continue to teach and I am hoping that people come to love the theatre arts and the theatre arts production the way we do,” Seeta said She said the dance group is extremely proud of its high standards over the years and she believes more should be done to produce the kind of support that they need for theatre arts production to thrive in Guyana.

The grand farewell show is set for May 3 and 4 at the National Cultural Centre

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

V

A Lukewarm World Heritage Day 2019 in Guyana

By Francis Quamina Farrier

education.

So what is so special about monuments and sights? The International Council on Monuments and Sites made a proposal on April 18, 1982. It was approved by the UN General Assembly of UNESCO that very year. The aim is to promote awareness about the diversity of the cultural heritage of humanity, their vulnerability and efforts required for their protection and conservation.

Sites such as the Indigenous Rock Carvings in the South Rupununi and the giant ant hills in the Central Rupununi have been with us in some cases, for centuries.

Humans need a bit of connection to the historic past, as we move forward into the unknown future. So we build monuments and we fence around important sites and enact laws for their protection. We visit such places and we tell our children and grandchildren what they mean.

Most of us realise how important it is to build monuments and protect certain historic sites in our country. The centuries-old iconic Notre

APRIL 18 is the day when countries around the world observe International Day of Monuments and Sites, which is also known as “World Heritage Day”. Again this year, that special day, which was established by UNESCO, slipped by virtually unheralded in Guyana. It is a special day when citizens and tourists alike, visit monuments and heritage Sites in droves, hold a number of conferences and round tables related to monuments and site, and journalists write about the monuments and heritage sites in their communities, towns and cities. I have only now come around to write this feature article regarding World Heritage Day 2019, and as such I’m one of those individuals who are, “guilty by omission”.

However, as the saying goes, “better late than never”, and so here I am with this feature article which throws the spotlight on some of Guyana’s monuments and sights in our beautiful “Land of Many Waters” and lofty hills and mountains. There Farrier at the Non-Aligned Monument. At left is the bust of is the Kaieteur National Park in Region Eight; the Fort Island President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and at right, the bust of Court of Policy building and the Fort Zeelandia remains on Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India.

Fort Island in the Essequibo River in Region Three. On Hogg Island- which is also in the Essequibo RivDame Cathedral in Paris, France, was er - Guyana’s largest island, is the remains recently severely damaged by a raging of one of the centuries-old windmills. inferno. Within 48 hours, over one bilThere is also the historic Fort Nassau on lion dollars was donated from around the upper Berbice River, Region Six and the world for its restoration. The richest the 1763 monument in Georgetown. In French families have also come together Linden, there is the Old Water Wheel at to donate many millions more. Guyana’s Christianburg, in Region 10. Buildings iconic St. George’s Cathedral - the tallest such as the historic St. Peter’s Anglican wooden building in the world - is still in Church on Leguan Island in the Essequineed of donations for its current ongoing bo River in Region Three, as well as the repairs. At this time donors are not actuSt. George’s Anglican Cathedral, the St. ally rushing with the funds needed for Andrew’s Kirk and the Smith Memorial the upkeep of this iconic building, even Congregational Church in Georgetown. though an image of it adorns the $100 Another well-known house of worship is Guyana banknote. One would expect the Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate that at some time, the Bank of Guyana Conception on Brickdam in Georgetown, which faces the St. George’s Cathedral, are among the many heritage buildings. would step across past the Non-Aligned The Indian Arrival Day Monument Monument, to that cathedral neighbour, in the Monument Garden in Georgetown and donate a million of those $100 bills is also, like the 1763 monument and the to the custodians of the cathedral to asNon-Aligned Monument, of more recent sist in its repairs. That can still be done; post-Independence vintage. There is also better late than never. great significance in the Enmore Martyrs In the downtown area of the city, Monument on the East Coast Demerara, is the Non-Aligned Monument located and the 1823 Monument on the Sea Wall in the Company Path Garden between road in Georgetown. So, too, is the Dr. the magnificent wooden St. George’s Walter Rodney Monument on Hadfield Cathedral and the Bank of Guyana. In Street in Georgetown which is located it are the four busts of the Fathers of Young Century palms at the Dr Walter Rodney Monument opposite the school where the internathe Non-Aligned Movement; President on Hadfield Street in Georgetown. (Photo by FQ Farrier) tionally-known historian had his early Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, President Jawaharlal Nehru of India and President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia. This location is usually well-maintained by the National Trust. Unfortunately, more often than not, vagrants use the western pavement in front of this monument as a bedroom, sleeping with their bodies right across the pavement and impeding the free movement of pedestrians. Some years ago, the bust of President Kwame Nkrumah was vandalised by a vagrant. It was later repaired and replaced.

The Damon Monument which is located at the bus park at Anna Regina in Region Two is of particular significance. It represents a real person who, according to those who know the story of his execution in the compound of the Public Buildings, was believed to be innocent of the crime of insurrection, for which he was condemned and hanged in public. Some individuals of today are of the view that Damon should be given an official pardon by the British.

As we belatedly focus on some of Guyana’s Monuments and Sites, let us always remember to care for them, no matter how small or unknown; or how large and important, like the Kaieteur National Park in Region Eight- since they belong to all of us. By the way, when last have you taken a youngster to have a look at the Children’s Monument at the north-eastern corner of the National Park in The Damon Monument at Anna Regina on the Georgetown?

Essequibo Coast, Region Two. (Photo by FQ Farrier)

VI

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Forty-plus years and still of service as a medical practitioner

Dr Abdulla Amin, Head of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) Department at the Diamond Diagnostic Centre (DDC) (Photo by Adrian Narine)

By Wendella Davidson OVER 40 years ago, Dr Abdulla Amin started a career in the medical field in Guyana, and to date, he has performed major surgeries in all of the major hospitals in this country.

Since 2011, Dr Amin has been functioning as the head of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) Department at the Diamond Diagnostic Centre (DDC), Diamond, East Bank Demerara, after being transferred there from

the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC), where he was performing duties in the maternity and obstetrics ward.

The doctor, who started his career on November 12, 1978, initiated at the DDC, the O&G Department and also established a maternity ward and delivery section that continues to do deliveries to date.

In an exclusive interview with the Pepperpot Magazine, an affable Dr Amin revealed that after joining the profession, he worked from Crabwood Creek and throughout the Berbice area, before being transferred to the GPHC where he worked from 1992-1999.

In 2011, Dr Amin Joined the Government Surgical Outreach Programme and subsequently performed O&G surgeries at hospitals at Lethem, Mabaruma and Bartica; a job he said he thoroughly enjoys .

He stated that, even though the DDC is physically a small building, the services that are offered there are wide-ranging and include minor surgeries, as it is equipped with an operating theatre which can handle general surgery and obstetrics and gynaecology cases. It also boasts intensive care and recovery rooms.

These procedures can be from an ordinary evac, a surgical abortion that is typically performed midway during the second trimester of pregnancy, and in which the uterine cervix is dilated and foetal tissue is removed, using surgical instruments (as a forceps and curette)

A section of the maternity room at the DDC (Photo by Adrian Narine)

and suction, also called D&E; DNC -Dilation and curettage is a procedure to remove tissue from inside your uterus); and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy ( TAH-BSO), among others .

The facility previously used to perform about three to four caesarean (CS) surgeries weekly, but none are currently being done, and Dr Amin says he looks forward to the

day when they can resume undertaking such a procedure.

The gynaecology clinic looks at cases such as ovarian cysts, urinary tract infections and also do visual inspections of the cervix to diagnose cervical cancer.

Dr Amin is assisted in performing his duties by two other doctors, eight midwives, staff nurses and nursing assistants.

◄◄◄ From page II

It indicated that young calves are the most vulnerable and should be kept indoors as much as possible. At the same time, even children should be taught to be watchful and to be prepared for any eventuality.

Ms. Onika Stellingburg, Stakeholder Management Coordinator, Ministry of the Presidency, Department of the Environment

RECOMMENDATIONS Because these cats are wild and territorial, the GWCMC has advised against entrapping or relocating them, unless with the authorisation of the commission. The commission said that by “removing one from an area would open room for another to inhabit the same area. To decide on the best course of action for a particular area, the commission would have to do an assessment and then in consultation with the community, decide on the best way forward” it advocated.

The commission further recommended that in order to minimise conflicts with’ big cats,’ consideration should be given to housing dogs in kennels; being extra vigilant with livestock – tracking pregnancy of animals and plan for the birth of their young; keeping animals in corrals (cages) as much as possible; paying close attention to young calves from the time they are born, through to when they are around two years old.

GWCMC COMMITTED The GWCMC counselled that when in direct confrontation with any of the ‘big cats,’ a person should not turn his or her back or run. Instead, it recommends that the jaguar or any other ‘big cat’ should be looked at straight in the face, while making as much noise as can be made.

Further, it advised that the surroundings should be kept clean at all times, and flashing lights should be installed on pens or corrals. At the same time, GWCMC said that there should be reduced hunting, especially for animal species that are the prey for ‘big cats.’ Jointly, the commission is also asking that people do not kill wild animals unless human life is in direct danger.

The commission stated, “Over the past year, we have conducted outreaches in 21 communities across the country. These include Surama, Matthews Ridge, Whitewater, Mainstay/Whyaka, Tapakuma, Parika, and Hogg Island, in a bid to find joint solutions that will reduce conflict between humans and wild cat, so we can co-exist mutually.”

This, it says, demonstrates it’s committed to the purpose of ensuring the conservation, management and sustainable use of Guyana’s wildlife.

In the case of Ithaca, Mr. Deuel Hughes, Communications Officer of the Guyana Wildlife Conservation and Management Commission, told the Pepperpot Magazine that the commission is making urgent efforts to pay a special visit to the affected community to meet with cattle farmers, find out their specific situation and offer all the assistance they are able to give. (mercilinburke3017@gmail.com)

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

VII

VIII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

‘Slam dunk’ the junk!

M&CC seeking more ways to combat littering

On Easter Monday Guyanese chose not to use any of the skip bins that were placed for their convenience

By Telesha Ramnarine THE recent action by a large section of the Guyanese population to litter during the Easter celebration even though a number of garbage bins were placed at their disposal, has left authorities baffled as to just what could’ve caused them to ignore the facilities.

The Mayor and City Council (M&CC), anticipating that a lot of citizens would have shown up at the seawall area, between the bandstand and the Kitty Pump Station, made available six large skip bins at strategic points along the way. Much to the dismay and horror of the officers, not one of the bins was utilised. In fact, what has been found was that wherever persons congregated, that’s exactly where they left their garbage.

No one bothered to dump their waste before leaving the area, and as a consequence, garbage was scattered all along the parapets.

To describe the scene as an ugly sight would be to make an understatement.

“It was a sad sight because I thought we would have moved past a society like that and would have learned of and appreciated the efforts people have been making to clean the city,” Solid Waste Management Director Walter Narine expressed in an interview with the Pepperpot Magazine.

He said he felt defeated, because although expecting to find some amount of garbage on the streets, he thought he would have at least seen the bins utilised. “It just tells you that we have a long way to go to curb this behaviour pattern. It’s the mindset. That’s how they are, and they want to remain this way.”

Narine believes that for someone to respect and care for the environment, these habits would have to be embedded from a

very young age.

In the past, there has been a lot of talk about imposing stiffer fines and using a ‘name-and- shame’ campaign to expose those found culpable of the degrading practice.

However, the M&CC for one has failed to take any concrete action.

But the solid waste director said he will soon be moving to implement the new set of by-laws that were passed by the City Council not so long ago, that would see ‘litter bugs’ being charged $25,000, at least, when found in the act.

The newly established Solid Waste Management Committee is expected to discuss the new set of by-laws and then take them before the City Council. “It’s just for the City Council to have a fresh look at them and if there are no changes, then we will move ahead with the implementation. I just need the blessings of the council and I will reach out.”

Narine said this time around, he will not fail to expose the persons found in the act. “We just have to make a few persons examples. I’m not going to bother with any organisation or anyone who say we shouldn’t shame those people. Put their pictures up and let people see they’re litterbugs.”

Apart from the ugly sight that littering creates, the practice can prove to be very harmful to people, even deadly.

Leading the M&CC’s Public Health Department is Dr. Suzette Reynolds, who also spoke with this publication recently on the issue. She was keen to point out that everything persons do in their environment impacts others in some way.

“This is especially true if we look at how waste products affect our bodies. Debris from organic waste provides us with microbiological organisms, but once we come in

Head of the M&CC Public Health Department, Dr. Suzette Reynolds

Solid Waste Management Director, Walter Narine

contact with them when they are not properly disposed of, it results in skin infections, respiratory tract infections, intestinal infections, just to name a few. The same microbes end up in surface drains and into our canals and trenches and we wonder why our children get sick after a simple swim in the canal or creek.”

Reynolds called on the Guyanese population to collectively change their habits and approach towards littering. “We pass down this culture to our children, and sadly, your publication will not reach the arrogant majority who are culpable.”

repugnant behaviour once overseas. But what exactly makes them feel comfortable, or emboldens them, to throw their garbage just about anywhere here in Guyana?

Could it be for one that authorities are lax; not strict enough? The M&CC, for instance, launched an anti-littering campaign not too long ago and even passed by-laws seeking a tremendous increase in the littering fines.

Why then are more persons not being charged and placed before the courts? Authorities have answered that the City Constabulary lacks the manpower to be able to effectively enforce such by-laws.

Chief Constable Andrew Foo has long been crying that his department is short of over 100 officers; and on one occasion, he even offered the explanation that it is difficult to recruit persons to work in the constabulary because of low salaries and other limitations.

With authorities unable to be as aggressive as they ought to be, and with citizens refusing to change their behaviour, what’s next for Guyana in this respect?

REPUGNANT While authorities continue to complain that flooding in Georgetown is largely due to littering by citizens, such as someone throwing a plastic bottle out of a moving vehicle into a drain or canal, some Guyanese are refusing to change their behaviour.

It has often been said that these very ‘litter bugs’ would not dare engage in such

Those who turned up at the seawall area left their garbage wherever they had congregated

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

IX

X

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Young Girl inspires others at Grass Track event at Bartica Easter Regatta

By Elvin Carl Croker WITH determination and endurance, nineyear-old Shante Sandy won her first brand new bicycle at the 2019 Bartica Easter Regatta Grass Track event held last Saturday.

Her journey to first place in the under-10 category cycle race for girls at the Mangarippa Playfield, began when she slowly walked along a row of neatly lined up and colourful bicycles displayed next to the officials’ area on the field. After a few moments of hesitation, she reluctantly inquired from one of the officials standing nearby about the reason for the bikes being there.

After being told that she can win the bicycle if she wins a cycle race, little Shante who was at the time holding her little sister’s hand, proceeded to solicit a bicycle from one of the other children who already had bicycles and were practising in order to get ready for their race, but her many attempts proved futile.

Even though some of the rejections were embarrassing, Shante was undeterred in her decision Shante Sandy raises her hand in victory after passing to take part in a race and win one of the bicycles. the checkered flag first and winning the race Up to when the race was finally called up Shante was still unable to get a bicycle to participate. Realising this, she turned her attention to a parent of one of the woods’ as yet since she was barefooted and it was against the rules to ride without shoes. children and asked permission to use the bicycle.

Her new search for sneakers was not as intense as that for This was finally granted but she was not quite ‘out of the

the bicycle since she was able to quickly sift through the group of boys standing around, and with the help of one of the officials, was able to borrow a pair of sneakers from one of them.

Shante started the three-lap race maintaining second place until the last lap when both her contender and her could not make it to ride up a steep section of the lap and had to dismount their cycles and push it up that section. But when it was time to mount the cycles once again. Shante was the fastest to do so, and in the process, she mustered up strength peddling as fast as she could to gain a faster momentum than her contender. This effort made her the first to reach the checkered flag, narrowly outriding her contender, much to the excitement and cheers of most spectators.

To many her performance is an inspiring demonstration of bravery and determination that has inspired persons who witnessed her struggle to enter and win the race.

A smiling Shante Sandy holding her new bicycle after winning it

Shante’s will power, bravery and determination helped move her from a child with only a dream of having a bicycle to an owner of a brand new bicycle and a cash prize in just minutes. The well-attended event was organised by the Red Earth Riders Club and was incident free. The races were done in 18 categories. These included the 125 CC 4 Stroke, 125 CC Novice, 125 CC Professionals, Four wheel Bush Bike, Cycle Boys under 10, cycle girls under 10, Cycle boys under 13, cycle boys under 15 among others.

The 2019 Bartica Easter Regatta menu of events saw many other life-changing stories like Shante’s.

Sponsoring the event were Mohammed’s Enterprise Sir’s Service Station, GUYOIL, Elegance Jewelry, KGM Security, Pandit Service Station, Atlantic Marine Dino’s Enterprise and W. Golden.

ocus F Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

on the Village

‘Farming does pay’

Some generations are living proof that farming can be a success story This week we journeyed to Mahaicony in the Mahaica-Berbice Region.

Stories by Margaret Burke.

Ms. Gloria Adams

GENERATIONS of farmers in the central Mahaicony community have seen farming as a business worth the while for decades.

And it provides a decent and economically feasible form of employment and these days it is not just the ‘back-breaking’ -sweating until one is shine -- and barelymake-it type of job.

In fact, according to Gloria Adams, “Farming does pay.” She added that she grew up seeing her parents, grandparents and even her great-grandparents farming and making a success of it and so it was not a difficult thing for her to do the same.

“I have been in farming for as long as I can remember, since completing primary school. I woke up seeing farming, since my parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents were farmers. In fact, my great grandmother was a rice farmer,” she said.

She went on to explain that she came from a very large family – three sisters and nine brothers, making a total of 12 children for her parents in the home. She stated that she is the eldest and that all of the 12 children have become successful farmers. She, however, noted that a few of her siblings are currently out of Guyana, but that up to the time when they left the country they were still farming.

Adams demonstrated that she indeed had complete knowledge of what she learnt in primary school and admitted that some people would ask her if she was a teacher.

However, she went on to become a respected leader within her community – being the Chairperson for the Central Mahaicony-Perth Farmers’ Association.

POSITIVE INFLUENCE Adams noted that as a result of all the farming being done by her and many of her family members, the younger members of the family as their major economic activity and they are also very pleased with the results, since they are also enjoying it and

doing well.

Their farming activities comprise rice cultivation, a wide variety ofcash crops, fruits, vegetables, ground provisions, dried coconuts and coconut water, fishing and even hunting. Many of the farmers are also engaged in large-scale livestock farming of poultry, pig – the swine and bovine species; sheep, goats, cows and donkeys.

Adams told the Pepperpot Magazine that efforts are also being made by farmers to broaden their horizons, especially in relation to adopting new measures that would ensure greater value-added profits. She posited that though there are some challenges and sometimes numerous adjustments that have to be made from time to time, these are not discouraging farmers, who over the years of farming have become quite comfortable with the adaptations that they have to make.

THE PIG FARM A large part of her farming is the rearing of chickens and pigs and Adams says that she enjoys this aspect of her work. In fact, she explained that after receiving training in ham-and-sausage making from an international team who came to Guyana, she has been able to excel in the end-products coming from pork, which is the ham and sausages. “I learnt well and then applied my knowledge and skill in the making of the ham and sausages and today many people feel that I have the best,” she said cheerfully.

She was however quick to point out that as members of the Central Mahaicony-Perth Farmers’ Association, many of the other women also benefitted from external training in the making of ham and sausages and have also done very well. This, she noted, has helped the other women to move away from just farming, but branch off into areas of using value-added products, processing, marketing and other services.

Adams told the Pepperpot Magazine that her intention is to always give back to her community; that it is her determination to make certain that her community is one in which there is always progress and success. She added that it is not only for herself that she works, but also for every member of her family, the group she represents, and also the community as a whole. (mercilinburke2017@gmail.com)

XI

XII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

‘Going nuts’ over Eugene’s coconut water

By M Margaret Burke COCONUT water has been said to have all sorts of healing properties; a revitalising drink; one that has hydrating or ‘cool-down’ properties for the body, and much more. And because of this, the mostly fresh, young and green coconut is cherished not only for its jelly fruit, but more so for the water that runs from it.

Eugene Jones, a 57-year-old, full-time farmer who lives in central Mahaicony, told the Pepperpot Magazine that while he generally loves his profession, he particularly enjoys the occupation of bottling and selling fresh coconut water. He opined that this so-called miracle drink is also gaining popularity in Guyana and his Eugene’s ‘Coconut Water’ is also gaining momentum in terms of popularity and sales.

DIVERSIFICATION He stated that having been a farmer for decades, in his bid to diversify a bit he purchased a plot of land some six years ago and on it he planted a number of 18-month-old coconut palms. As a result, he is now harvesting ‘water coconuts’ on a regular basis from which he would extract the water to bottle and sell.

“I started off selling about 25 bottles every week, then moved to 50 bottles and now I easily sell 100 bottles of coconut water every week…I would ride around the village and letting people know by saying, ‘coconut water, coconut water’,” he said, adding that people would come out and purchase.

He admitted that the selling of the bottled coconut water is becoming a big business, but said that he does not have the means to expand rapidly to meet the ever-growing market.

“I would need to purchase more land and plant up if I am to expand and keep up, but this is not possible at this time. I continue to

pick what I have, but the coconuts cannot grow back as quick, so this can be a problem,” he stated.

RESULTS OF ‘SALT’ WATER Jones assured the Pepperpot that his coconut water is very sweet and explained that this is a result of the location of his coconut trees. He said that the area where his coconut trees are located is towards the seaside and according to him, the ‘salt’ in the earth and also in the atmosphere has a lot to do with the content of the coconut.

In fact, he went on to tell the Pepperpot Magazine that he had found out over the many years that he has been farming that all the fruits, vegetables and other products that grow near the seashore end up sweeter and better tasting. He added too that other farmers can attest to this.

Research has shown that the flavour of coconut water is an unusual mix of saltiness and sweet; that the typical coconut water has 30 to 70 milligrams of sodium and 9 to 12 grams of sugar per 11.2-ounce container — saltier, but much less sweet than most fruit juices. The same amount of apple juice has 10 milligrams of sodium and three times as much sugar: 33 grams. Nonetheless, Jones has stated that from the time his coconut water hit the market it has been well received, but did not make much comment on the ‘miracle’ aspect of the drink.

DEMAND OUTWEIGHS SUPPLY Despite the obvious demand for coconut water, studies are showing that this product is not as easily sourced, nor is it as cheap as many other juices, teas and other beverages. Studies have shown that it is a more expensive drink and that part of the reason may be because of the time it takes to be ready for harvesting, and also the amount that can be ‘ripe’ and ready at one time from any one tree.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XIII

Central Mahaicony houses a ham and …with commissioning of a solar sausage industry electricity system to help boost production Some members of the Central Mahaicony/Perth Village Farmers’ Association listening to Violet Henry’s address

Violet Henry, member of the Central Mahaicony/Perth Village Farmers’ Association in an address to members

THE production of ham and sausage is steadily growing into big business in the Central Mahaicony community on the East Coast of Demerara. This is being done primarily through the Central Mahaicony/Perth Village Farmers’ Association.

Farming is big business in this community and though a lot of the people can be considered ‘academics,’ having acquired high levels of education – even at the tertiary level, both locally and internationally-many of the folk have decided that farming is a vocation in which they should be involved.

And so there was the establishment of the Central Mahaicony/ Perth Village Farmers’ Association, which has been in existence since 2005, with a membership of approximately 35 farm families. The association’s farmers are engaged in both crop and livestock-based activities. This association was formed and gained momentum after those serious losses when as a result of unusual heavy downpour of rainfall, coupled with severe flooding, most of their crops and livestock were lost. Therefore, because the major economic activity for many people within these communities is farming, a decision had to be made to prevent continued damage

to the farms.

With the initiative of many of the members, including Gloria Adams, who leads the group as chairperson, they have continued to grow and have also gained the attention of government and international organisations.

SOLAR SYSTEM With the assistance of the New Zeeland government, the association was gifted a solar electricity system to help them reduce their cost of production, especially for the making of ham and sausages, which they have been advancing

over a number of years now.

As a result, they were able to further their ability in acquiring a more upgraded marketing and processing outlet, which was improved with the assistance of Food For The Poor (Guyana) Inc., along with technical assistance from IICA. “There will be a definite reduction in the cost of electricity, which would translate into less input and a definite increase in output in terms of cost of production in the goods that we generate,” a member of the

Fresh pork sausage prepared on display for the market day

Smoked ham produced by one of the members of the Central Mahaicony/Perth Village Farmers’ Association

association, Violet Henry, stated.

Pork prepared in fine style by one of the members of the Central Mahaicony/Perth Village Farmers’ Association for the market day

PORK AND FOLK FESTIVAL This farmers’ association has also established themselves with the annual holding of a pork and folk festival, which is usually held at the Mahaicony association’s office. This activity started soon after the group was established and there is usually a variety of farmers’ produce, agro-processed items, and a variety of foods, cakes, pastries, coconut water, prepared and bottled within the group, drinks and other products on sale.

However, emphasis is delib-

erately placed on pork and pork products, which are prepared by members of the association. Gloria Adams, who is considered the matriarch of the group, led the way with her preparation of hams, bacon and other pork products. There are also other cooked items such as pork pepperpot, stewed pork, curried pork and pork in every other possible form – some as samples and other items for sale.

This folk festival is an activity that many villagers look forward to experiencing and it is generally reported as being of tremendous success. And while members of the association continue to work hard and shine as farmers, they are also saying that the next such event cannot come fast enough for them to do even better than the last time.

SATURDAY MARKET DAY According to Adams, while the orders for sausage and ham products tend to intensify at Christmas , there are still the regular orders that she and other members of the group receive throughout the year.

However, she stated that she would be happy to see this aspect of what they do as a farmers’ group gain momentum – even when Christmas may not be approaching.

She mentioned that there are the regular wholesale and retail markets, which is also held outside of the association’s office on Saturdays, and which has been a huge success so far. Members of the group stated that at the market, they are able to sell ham and sausages by orders and that these orders are usually made in advance.

Additionally, they are able to sell a lot of their agro-processed items such as a variety of pepper sauces; different kinds of ground fruits; ground seasoning; pickles, and a variety of other items. There are also vegetables and fruits in abundance on sale.

EAGER ANTICIPATION According to Adams, the association’s members are eagerly looking forward to benefitting from advanced training, this time, in being taught how to process pickled pork. “An Iowa State University group, headed

by Aubrey DeMendonca has plans to come to Guyana in July to train us in the making of this product. He has helped train us in so many products before and here it is that he is coming to help us once more. We are very grateful,” she said.

XIV

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS BENEFITS SOCIETY IN primitive societies, animals of any kind were regarded by human beings as enemies that must be killed or must be made to supplement the food supply. The earliest religious texts all have references of animals being eaten or sacrificed and even when Pastoral Cultures developed and gradually replaced “Man the Hunter”, the sheep, goats, cows and camels and even cats and dogs were domesticated to be

used as food.

It was only when the East Asian religions and philosophies developed the understanding that all life was one and an animal’s life and human life were the same that animals came to be treated in a kindly way. Among the most important of these ancient religions was Buddhism. In Buddhism, the actual physical relationship of Man and animals, and indeed

all living beings, was recognised. Vegetarianism came to be promoted as an ideal and in the kingdoms of various Buddhist rulers, hospitals for sick birds and other animals were common.

In the West, the concern for animals is a comparatively recent development and this was especially so in the 19th century when having pets, especially dogs, became common. Western Man developed the science of Ecology where the interdependence of all life was recognised and it was recognised that if an animal species were diminished or became extinct, human life would be negatively affected.

Putting aside all the theories of Ecology and the Balance of Nature, it is now widely recognised that caring for animals and protecting them is a great civilising force. When animals are beaten, mistreated or maimed, an insensitivity to suffering develops and it becomes a norm for weaker human beings, especially women and children to be abused and mistreated.

When children are encouraged to keep pets, they learn how to take care of animals and to have an insight into how all living things are to be treated. Such experiences help children, when they grow into adults, to be more caring for old, sick or neglected persons.

Today, there are regular reports of women being mistreated and even killed in domestic abuse incidents or children being abandoned or no care given to them. The perpetrators of such crimes and cruelties are believed never to have kept pets and learnt to have respected and loved other living beings.

Guyana has had a long history of slavery and indentureship where harsh punishments and cruelties were institutionalised and people were socialised within that semi-barbarous culture. It is therefore not surprising that even after slavery and indentureship were abolished from Guyanese society, violence to each other still continued. Most of all, little concern was shown to animals. Cartmen who owned horses, donkeys and mules and used them as draught animals sadistically beat them with thick ropes; dogs, cats and other smaller domestic animals were fed on table scraps and often went hungry. If such animals fell sick, no veterinary help was given to them.

In the early 20th century, some British people who were resident in the colony extended the culture of care and concern for animals which existed in England, and a branch of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) was established and laws against cruelties to animals were legislated. Soon, prosecutions were brought against those who mistreated their draught animals as well as those who mistreated their dogs, cats and other domestic animals.

This deterrent of the Law together with the gradual change in cultural attitudes, especially among the middle classes, helped to bring Guyana into the modern world in respect to the more humane treatment of animals.

The RSPCA, later the GSPCA (Guyana Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals), offered free veterinary services to animal lovers with pets, provided a home for unwanted or abandoned animals and offered facilities for adoption. For decades the GSPCA has been doing this good work but their activities have been curtailed by lack of funds and the slowing up of the stream of devoted volunteers.

To supplement the GSPCA’s work, several private persons, at much sacrifice of their time and resources have been offering free of charge, services of rescuing animals. providing basic veterinary services and even arranging for adoptions. Among the most prominent and long-serving of such persons is Ms Syeda Manbodh whose name and work has become legendary, It was therefore welcome and refreshing news which came out at the beginning of April of the launch of a new organisation, “Paws for a Cause” which is focused on rescuing abandoned or abused animals, arranging veterinary assistance, doing educational work in the schools, providing temporary homes and arranging adoptions. The founders and main driving force behind the new organisation are three charming young ladies - Steffi DeNobrega, Marcia Tucker and Shari Da Silva. They need the support of volunteers and donations to keep their good work going and expanding. This column will carry a fuller report on “Paws for a Cause”.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Dental infections erful antibiotic for severe infections. However, it should not be abused. It should only be used in severe infections, when the body ‘s defences are impaired, where

THERE are two basic methods to control an infection: prevention and treatment.

In both cases, nonpharmacologic (not using drugs) efforts are of considerable importance. In prevention, one must be concerned with eliminating those factors that lead to infection: bacterial plaque, oral debris, decayed teeth, etc.

At least 8 out of every 10 patients who seek dental treatment do so as a consequence of some kind of infection. Most, if not all expect that if that person’s face is swollen then their dentist will automatically prescribe medications. But many times an immediate extraction is required.

A bacterial attack can manifest as a condition which may range from simple caries (tooth decay) to an acute facial abscess.

The incidence of post-surgical infections can be reduced by proper wound closure and the use of aseptic (sterile) and atraumatic( conservative ) techniques. In the treatment of infections, one must provide indicated local treatment of infections, one must provide indicated local treatment ( scraping, incision, drainage, etc) and supportive care (ensuring adequate rest, nutrition, and fluid intake).

Antibiotic is only a part of the treatment for infections. The other major part is the removal of the cause of the infection. It means therefore that in order to solve the problem of a dental abscess the first step is to decide if the condition is acute or chronic. Acute abscesses must be drained and/or de-inflamed before instituting medication.

It often happens that persons with facial abscesses consult physicians instead of dentists for treatment. While the physician can only prescribe an antibiotic, the dentist by necessity can also remove the aetiologic agent (which is crucial) of the infection, in addition to prescribing the appropriate antibiotic.

Someone who acquires a swollen face with a painful area as a result of a decayed tooth is suffering from the first stage of a paradontal abscess. It is important for the dentist to carefully examines and decides whether he/she should do the extraction immediately. Depending on the stage of the infection, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy may be prescribed for at least five days. If an attempt is made to extract the offending tooth without first applying this treatment, two things may happen: The pus surrounding the tooth may disseminate to adjacent tissues or enter the bloodstream, thus exacerbating the situation, and, due to the acidity of the swollen tissues the anaesthetic may not work sufficiently and so the patient would have a very painful extraction.

The need for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent sub-acute bacterial endocarditis in patients with rheumatic heart disease who are to experience procedures which are likely to precipitate bacteria in the bloodstream is well known.

The recommended dosage for most patients is 600,000 units of procaine penicillin G mixed with 200,000 crystalline penicillin G administered intramuscularly one hour prior to the dental procedures, and once daily for two days following that.

The second aspect of prophylactic antibiotic coverage relates to the use of antibiotics to prevent infections after any dental operation. Studies show that apart from rheumatic heart disease, as stated above, there is no need for someone to take antibiotics before having any kind of surgery, whether it is a simple extraction or periodontal surgery.

Most bacteria that cause dental infections are within the antibacterial spectra of penicillin G, penicillin V, phenethicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclines, lincomycins, clindamycin and the cephalosporins.

Penicillin is the safest and most pow-

XV

drug toxicity is particularly significant, as in infants, small children, the elderly, the debilitated, pregnant women and those with liver and kidney disorders.

XVI

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

FILES E S A C T R U O C Inadequate penalties meted out to ‘fraud convicts’ since ‘71

By George Barclay

Appellate Court stressed need for stiffer penalties SINCE 1971 the Guyana Court of Appeal, led by Chancellor Edward Luckhoo noted that judges in Guyana were imposing inadequate sentences against offenders of serious fraud cases and called for stiffer penalties to be imposed on such offenders.

Current cases show that the situation has not changed considerably from what it had been in 1971.

In 1971, Chancellor Edward Luckhoo and Justices of Appeal Guya Persaud and Victor Crane made the above comments at the hearing of an application by a postmaster who was convicted and sentenced for fraud.

In his application, the postmaster was seeking an extension of time within which to appeal against his conviction and sentence.

The Appellate Court held there was no merit in the appeal as the evidence had clearly proved the applicant guilty of the offence and the summing up by the judge was fair.

The facts of the case disclosed that the

case for the State was that the applicant, a postmaster, had falsified certain accounts being a record of stamps which he, as postmaster, had received from time to time from the General Post Office.

The evidence was clear that the stamps had been received by the applicant and taken into stock by him. He did not sign the two orders for the stamps and did not return them to the General Post Office as he was requested to do. When his books were checked it was found that the entries relating to the two quantities of stamps had not been made by him as he was required to do. On conviction for falsification of accounts, he made an application to the court for an extension of time within which to appeal.

At the hearing of the application for extension of time within which to appeal, Senior Counsel Mr. Fred Wills, appeared for the applicant while Mr. George Pompey, the then Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions,

represented the State.

Refusing the application, Chancellor Luckhoo, noting the prevalence of the fraud cases, said that he would like to support what had been said by his brothers Persaud and Crane in relation to the matter.

He added, “It has become all too evident, from the cases of reported fraud, especially within relatively recent times, that its prevalence calls for serious attention. Too many people seem to be on the lookout to dip their hands in the public coffers and line their pockets with ill-gotten gains. “This disposition to get rich quickly is a plague on our young nation, which should be provided with a better example on the part of those who like the appellant, occupy positions of trust.

“As my brother Crane has pointed out, the sum involved is not an insignificant one. In two transactions alone it was sought to create a loss to this country of over $10, 000. This is shocking and disgraceful. In my view, on the facts, the plan was not only daring but revealed a certain measure of disquieting neglect in the operation of the system employed.

“What my brother Crane has said on the question of punishment should be noted by judges who have to deal with situations of this kind. Clemency could be sometimes misplaced by the imposition of inadequate sentences in cases of serious fraud. If the appellant had appealed against his sentence and this appeal was properly before the Court, I might, on the facts before me (and subject to what was said), have found it difficult to restrain myself from increasing the sentence; for not only is the offence of a heinous nature, but the prevalence of such like offences involving public offices and servants in a position of trust is not a matter to be lightly glossed over.

And, moreover, the device used indicated a great deal of premeditation.

“I would like at this stage to repeat what I said in a similar case of falsification of accounts – the case of the Queen v. Peter Richard Osborne (Criminal Appeal No. 55 of 1968) – in the hope that those responsible for looking after the systems which operate in the various departments of revenue, might exercise a greater vigilance to ensure as my brother Persaud pointed out, that they are faithfully operated and not be allowed to break down through carelessness of improper motivations. In the case of Osborne, I said these words: “It does not concern this Court that others, in one way or another may not have been implicated in the daring fraud. But the observation cannot be resisted that something must have been rotten in the state of safeguarding public funds, in that particular sector, which permitted an ‘unknown’ person who was not a workman and never earned any money, to receive payments week after week for over 40 weeks in one year, sometimes twice above that of the other legitimate workmen, by a process of concoction.

“The net result of this was that over $3, 000 was paid out for a period of less than one year to a non-existent workman. One shud-

ders to think, if there are other instances, to what extent the public coffers may not have been otherwise impoverished!

“Eleven months after this fraud had been in progress, a clerk in charge of the Yard Office of the Ministry, at the commencement of his duties as such, checked to see that the names of persons who actually worked were names of persons which were put on the pay list for payment. He checked the time slips of workers against what was recorded on the pay lists. He was not detailed to do this job, but he felt it should be done and did so. This was what led to the discovery of the particular fraud, and demonstrates that vigilance and honesty of purpose will reveal what indolence and connivance will suppress.

“It is for the authority concerned, and other similar authorities, not only to be satisfied with the system in use, but to use that it is honoured in thought, word and deed, if public funds are not to be scandalously squandered” Chancellor Luckhoo declared as he agreed with his brothers to refuse the applicant leave to appeal. The conviction and sentence were affirmed.

In his presentation, Justice of Appeal Persaud said,“ This court has, for some time now, viewed with a great deal of alarm the number of convictions and accusations made against public officers, of fraud committed in the course of their employment. “This court, and we are sure others will agree with us - is of opinion that the State is entitled to expect honest and conscientious service from its employees, and we feel that any employee of the State who is guilty of fraud commits not only a breach of trust against his office or department, as the case may be, but against the entire country; for he is employed in a position of trust, and he is expected to so conduct himself that the State would have implicit faith in him ,“ Persaud declared.

Justice of Appeal Guya Persaud added, “The way things seem to be moving would indicate that there are less and less people in the public service on whom the State can rely.

We hope this state of affairs can be remedied and public officers, in whatever station they are employed - whether as postmasters, or civil servants, or policemen – will come to appreciate that it is of no avail to them to perpetrate fraud on the country, because they must know that in proper cases courts will see to it that they receive punishment appropriate to their crime.

“In this case the appellant was a postmaster employed in a certain post office in the country and, very simply, the case for the State was that he had falsified certain accounts, the accounts being a record of stamps which he, as postmaster, received from time to time from the General Post Office. These two counts relate to two instances; one where he is said to have received stamps to the value of $2, 200, and the other where he is said to have received stamps to the value of $8, 040 – quite substantial sums of money, in our opinion”, Justice Persaud declared .

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XVII

The ancestors said, ‘Know thyself’ If you do, it will prevent ‘eye-pass’

MOST of the racist based political bottom house and rum shop nastiness that is peddled in falsified definitions about concluded political groups that belong to other variations of our Guyanese humanity is allowed because of a tremendous information vacuum in our consciousness and though it has been covered in selected literature, there has been no organised effort to saturate the national consciousness with an irrefutable portrayal of truly how we got here and the milestones covered in the necessary context.

We must begin from 1834 to 1966 because it is more relevant to the current state of Guyana. The suggested period was one of constant change, thus it will have to be covered in episodes, and the following statement is how it should be captured. To present in an abridged context it has to begin like this: By the year 1834 the colonies of Berbice, Essequibo and Demerara were intact, with the relative capitals New Amsterdam, Georgetown and Bartica Grove already in place. Henry Bolingbroke, A Voyage to Demerara 1799-1806 wrote of then Stabroek “The principle Streets are quite straight, with carriage roads. The middle street leading from the King’s Stelling is paved with bricks and has lamps on each side; another public stelling or wharf (besides several that are private) is kept purposely in order for landing and shipping of goods. The population in Stabroek consists of about fifteen hundred whites, two thousand free people of colour, and five thousand Negroes. “ Cummingsburg, Bridgetown, New Town, Labourgade, Werk-en-Rust were then in place. There were many Afro citizens that were also free persons. The enslaved Africans journeyed to the Sunday slave market from the coastal plantations and sold their produce. They also sold much-needed citrus and fresh eggs and produce to the ships of port Stabroek.

There were always free Afro women of

all shades who imported the best dresses, trousers etc from England. This was a side trade encouraged by the ship’s captains, but the slaves did purchase but also saved most of their coins. Emancipation was lobbied for by English abolitionists. This was coupled by trade factors that affected the local plantations; most of the legitimate owners were not resident in the colony. Emilia da Costa, Crowns of Glory, Tears of Blood writes “The planters were caught in a terrible contradiction. The same historical process that in England was leading to abolitionism and free trade had opened new opportunities for investment in Great Britain and was also turning investors toward the East Indies and other parts of the world, making them increasingly indifferent to the fate of the colony. Meanwhile, the Demerara planters, while struggling to increase their trade with other countries, could only try to defend their privileges in the British market and hold onto slavery.”

This was around 1812-15, could their table mourning’s have been transferred to the contemplations of enslaved Africans, inspiring them to save their earnings, in expectation? It must be also realised that the English had abolished the slave trade, were moving into the Industrial age of mass merchandising([by 1805-onwards) and were more interested in subjects who had purchasing power rather than enslaved.

After Emancipation ‘The genesis of modern Guyana’ this was the most inspiring and vicious period of social conflict. Milestones in Village History- A series of six radio talks

by Allan Young editor David A Granger: “The great village movement of 1839-1848, a marvellous decade in this country’s history when emancipated Africans started to migrate from the sugar plantations, on which they had been enslaved, to establish free villages. By 1842, 16,000 Africans were living in such villages; by 1848, there were 44,000;

and by 1856 the village population already represented nearly half of the population of the entire coastland. In that decade, Africans had expended more than a million dollars to purchase land and a similar amount to build over 10,000 houses. By the end of 1848, a chain of villages and settlements had been established from the Corentyne to the Pomeroon Rivers.” The new villages became the subjects of taxation, and the Government was controlled by the merchants and the planters, who designed the tax system, their objective was to remove all possibility of the emancipated Africans from becoming independent and as proprietors. Colonies are inhabited by fossilisation against change and are vicious to the ‘metamorphosis of evil’ to preserve the status quo. The villages paid their taxes but expectations from the colony were not kept. “In 1846 the Sugar Duties Act was reintroduced and passed.

This act signalled the imminent termination of the preferential treatment on the British market to which the planting community had become dependent. Earl Grey, a staunch advocate of free trade, reasoned that it was time to free British industry and commerce from impediments which had been constructed mistakenly for their benefit.” James G. RoseThemes in African Guyanese History, [a pity our local politicians did not learn from our history]. But their monies went to assist with the importation of indentured workers, thus, the villagers responded to their cut wages with riots and burning. Neglect of Colony obligations to drainage works led to the flooding of the villages, crops perished, the challenge to their freedom had begun.

“But there was more to come. There was a serious financial crisis in 1847 from which the interests of sugar suffered heavily. The bankruptcy of more than a dozen West Indian houses of long standing had concentric effects throughout British Guiana.

Subsequently, even the Banks which main-

tained some semblance of solvency refused to make loans available to the estates. When Hamilton House of Dublin fell, no fewer than 12 estates folded with it. The West Indian body in Britain issued strict instructions prohibiting the usual drawing rights of planters”...“on Water Street followed, and before long, the African labour force began refusing banknotes as payment. Those who had paper money, at home or in the Banks, hastened to the Banks to convert to specie.

Shrewd Portuguese businessmen encouraged the panic among the African population and were able to buy bank notes at as much as 20 percent below par. The gloom was shared by governor Light who, in his final despatch for 1847, declared that ”As affairs now stand, one-half of the sugar estates will not be able to carry on the cultivation” James G Rose Themes of African Guyanese History. The colonials by 1883 implemented every racist and structural scheme to overthrow village self-governance. Many eventually migrated to the towns, but then indentured workers from India, Portugal, China, Africa and the Caribbean were in the colony.

The Portuguese came to the colony of British Guiana from difficult conditions in Madeira, and having neither the culture, the physical strength, nor the resistance to tropical diseases they died quickly on the estates, they then gravitated to the very limited retail business that the post-emancipation African had acquired a grudgingly access to, providing to his Township and coastal brethren. The colony authority saw in the Portuguese an eager and willing pawn though unaware of the hidden contentions; the Portuguese had become the perfect buffer for the schemes of the colonial elite.

The colony authority had sinisterly authorised the implementation of taxation to limit the growth and independence of the post-emancipation African. To conclude next week.

XVIII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XIX

Garbage in Georgetown

EASTER was nice, Easter was ‘lit’, yeah? What I can’t wrap my head around, however, is the garbage situation that remained after Easter.

For a few days after Easter, you could pass by the seawall -- from Kingston all the way to Ogle - and you would see that the attractive green spaces were covered with garbage. Plastic bottles, food packets, and even kites were just discarded on the very spaces that were filled with people on Easter Sunday and Monday. And this wasn’t an isolated event; you would have found litter in Georgetown, at all of the kite-flying ‘hotspots’.

Mayor of Georgetown, Ubraj Narine, took to his Facebook page to speak out against this. At the seawall area in Kitty and Kingston, he indicated that skip bins were provided so that persons would discard their refuse. Photos taken on Tuesday showed that not only were these bins unused, but there was litter around the bins. How audacious, irrespon- s i b l e a n d

downright disgusting!

Maybe (not really) it would be easier for me to understand the situation had there been no bins provided. These bins were provided, however, and yet individuals chose to litter.

Compounding this situation was that the mayor posited that each individual has a role to play in the proper disposal of garbage. But lo and behold, there was a litany of Facebook users commenting otherwise. It is beyond me how some persons would justify littering by saying “That’s not my problem, is City Hall job to clean up.” This logic is truly beyond me.

I cannot overemphasise that littering is a problem that is created by individual actions and individuals are responsible for disposing of their own garbage responsibly. If you use it, why can’t you dispose of it in a proper manner? Why can’t you use the waste receptacles provided? And even if they weren’t, why is it difficult to keep your garbage until you find somewhere to dispose of it?

And what’s even worse for me was that on Tuesday, persons occupied these very spaces to continue their Easter kite-flying and made a mess on top of the existing mess.

Apparently, it couldn’t get worse, right?

I find it quite ironic that World Earth Day was observed on Easter Monday, and this situation ensued, because of the Easter day activities.

I mean I personally think that the significance of World Earth Day is one that should be remembered every day, but on the actual observance, the focus is on raising environmental awareness as part of efforts to protect the planet.

And in protecting our environment, we each have a role to play.

It’s the simple things such as disposing of garbage properly that go a far way. The stories of garbage, especially plastics, getting into the waterways and affecting marine life are well-known. Just think about the fish and how they struggle to survive with all that trash thrown into their homes.

But also know that this improper disposal of garbage impacts us as humans in a great way. In Guyana, we are susceptible to flooding on the coastland; imagine how we exacerbate that by filling our waterways with trash. And this isn’t a new fact, this is something we know! It is no coincidence that when the rainy season comes, we ‘hustle’ to clean the drains and waterways.

Think about the health implications too. The garbage and garbage piles become breeding grounds for harmful disease-carrying organisms.

This improper disposal of garbage could be the reason why someone contracts some vector-borne disease or alike.

Knowing these things is practically elementary, so why do we continue to litter? And need I remind offenders that under the laws of Guyana, littering is unlawful and carries a fine of $10,000?

I would, personally, like to see greater policing and enforcement, so that persons who litter face the

consequences of their actions. Maybe then, persons would understand how grave littering can be and do their part in keeping their surroundings clean.

As individuals, we have to ensure that we take care of our environment, because it is a reflection of us and because it is just the right thing to do. We can call for more bins and better garbage-collection services, but it has to start with us as citizens making the conscious effort to dispose of our garbage properly. I don’t think that’s hard to do.

Aspiring economist with a passion for the arts THEY say all work and no p l a y m a k e s Jack a dull boy or Jill a dull girl, so it is always important to balance your professional life with recreation.

Young Amisha Sarjoo is a living example of how you should balance your life. The 17-year-old manages to be an employee of the Demerara Bank Ltd, study FIA/CAT at the Cacique Accounting College and be an exceptional dancer.

“Once I’m given a task to complete I place my best foot forward. I make use of all the wonderful opportunities that come my way and that’s what we all should do because we’re never too old to experience new things,” she said.

Tardiness isn’t a word that fits in her vocabulary but she’s not a perfectionist either.

There are a lot of words to describe her but she chose, ‘fearless’. “I possess quite a few talents but my main one is creative arts or dancing. While growing up I have always dreamed of learning various forms of dancing,” said Sarjoo.

Everything will seem impossible at first but it’s your determination and continuous hard work that will take you to your destination. Due to her continuous hard work and determination, she was able to perform exceptionally well at the St. Joseph High

School and at the same time embrace her passion for dancing.

Being a part of the Dharmic Nritya Sangh for five years has been an amazing journey for her. Not only was she able to share the same stage with various popular artistes from India such as Atif Aslam, Sunidhi Chahaun and many more, but Sarjoo has also been able to perform internationally as well.

“Being a part of the Naya Zamana cast for five years has indeed been a great pleasure and I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Vindhy. Persaud and Trishala Persaud for pushing me that extra mile and exposing me to various dance styles that were totally out of my comfort zone,” she said.

Apart from creative arts, she is an aspiring economist who wishes to open her own organisation that will be able to reach out to children who are impoverished.

“We’re not all fortunate to have wealthy families and the things we don’t appreciate in life others would be thankful for because of their situation. It breaks me to know how many kids out there are suffering due to their financial condition. Some of them aren’t able to obtain their education or have meals any time during the day like us,” she said.

Sarjoo wants to make a difference for those children and to help in every way to assist them in obtaining a different life.

Despite the odds, she urged persons to be brave and have confidence in themselves. She believes that once you love something don’t

ever give up on it or hide it because that’s you showing that you’re afraid of the world and you shouldn’t be.

“I believe that we should all be creating our own image and creating a good impact on others without even going with the bandwagon,” she said.

You don’t need to be perfect or famous but all you need to do is show the smallest act of kindness which could change a person’s life or even their mindset and that’s what she wants from young persons out there.

Her parents are the reason, she for one, wants to achieve more and more in life, regardless of how much she has achieved she could never repay them for all the love and support she has been showered with.

“My message to everyone out there is to never be ashamed of who you are and don’t ever hide your talent from the world,” said Sarjoo. “Be proud of the person who you are and always continue dreaming. Be determined and be fearless in every step you take and always have confidence in yourself.”

In closing, Sarjoo left some wise words for her fellow young people: “You’re always going to be surrounded with negativity and harsh situations but it’s up to you as to how you will deal with it and if you’re going to give up. But accepting defeat shouldn’t be a part of you at no point of time; instead, keep your head high and prove everyone that had doubts in you and your dreams wrong.”

Amisha Sarjoo

XX

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

On the frontlines of climate change Climate governance, resilience and education key to sustainability

National Project Coordinator, Mr Marlon Velloza.

Communications Specialist, Ms Yasmin Bowman.

AS sustainability and resilience make their way up the global priority list, climate governance has become an essential component of a nation’s social and industrial management.

Representatives of the Office of Climate Change (OCC) have taken their place on the frontlines of climate change adaptation and mitigation, in order to ensure that all Guyanese are educated and protected in case of a natural disaster.

ARMING THE NEXT GENERATION The OCC has prioritised the task of educating the next generation of Guyana’s leaders on the effects of climate change and the importance of climate-change mitigation and adaptation. In this vein, the office has taken the initiative to conduct a climate-change outreach to primary and secondary schools across the country. To date, the sessions have been hosted in several schools in Demerara-Mahaica (Region Four) and Upper Demerara-Upper Berbice (Region 10) and plans are in train to host similar sessions in Pomeroon-Supenaam (Region Two), Essequibo Islands-West Demerara (Region Three), Mahaica-Berbice (Region Five) and East Berbice-Corentyne (Region Six).

OCC Communications Specialist, Ms. Yasmin Bowman, said this approach is important as it provides the necessary foundation to foster climate-change awareness.

“Climate change is not the only focus, because I believe that you cannot talk about climate change without talking about adaptation and mitigation. So, the sessions are done in a very structured manner and the focus, at

this world, is going to be left for them. And it is important that they know now how they should treat it. If we don’t treat planet Earth right, there will be nothing left… it is important that they are made aware up front, or now, so that something can be left for the next generation and the generation after that,” Ms. Bowman asserted.

Head of the Office of Climate Change, Mrs Janelle Christian.

first, is about climate change. So, we talk with the students, find out, first of all, what do they know about climate change,” she said.

Sometimes, Ms. Bowman said, the students come to the workshop with prior knowledge of climate issues, but are always eager to learn more.

“Anybody can mitigate the effects [of climate change]. It doesn’t matter if you’re a child or an adult… As children, we talk with them about simple things that they can do to mitigate the effects: if you’re leaving the room, turn off lights when they’re not in use; unplug your devices when they are not in use. We talk with them about carpooling…

We talk to them about riding instead of being

driven for short distances… In some cases, they even mention… switching to renewable energy, which is quite interesting and it’s amazing that our sixth graders are aware of renewable energy measures,” she said.

The OCC school outreaches have been well received, as some schools have even requested follow-up visits and sessions with additional classes.

“The young people, they’re the leaders of tomorrow and we believe that children… when you give them information, they hold on to it and they’re the ones that go home and say, ‘oh mommy, we shouldn’t do this,’ or, ‘we should do this [differently]’. That’s why we targeted the youth… This climate,

THE FRONTLINES OF CLIMATE CHANGE The OCC was established to ensure the safety and stability of services used by every-day Guyanese, in the event of a worstcase scenario natural disaster here.

Head of the OCC, Mrs. Janelle Christian, said that her department plays an important role in ensuring that Guyana pursues climate governance.

“My responsibility at the Office of Climate Change is really to guide national efforts from the level of policy and strategies as we take action, comprehensively, to address Guyana’s climate vulnerability… That would be to ensure that relevant actions and integrated across all sectors and also at all levels, that is national, regional, [and] local levels. So, largely we speak about climate change adaptation, meaning what do we do to adjust to the threats and the effects and impacts that we’re seeing now and those that are likely to occur,” she said.

Although there are significant economic impacts after the occurrence of a natural disaster, it is the individual; homeowners, business people, farmers who experience the loss.

Stressing the important role that resilient infrastructure plays as Guyana moves toward

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XXI

This year’s OCC climate-awareness sessions, held in April, at Amelia’s Ward Primary, Watooka Day Primary, and Regma Primary schools.

sustainable development, the OCC Head said that the department looks at past incidents to model a plan for the future. Ideally, she explained, facilities like schools, markets, and hospitals and all systems, whether man-made, human, or natural would be able to withstand any climate-related event.

Mrs. Christian encouraged sceptics to consider what is at stake and to begin to make little life adjustments to lessen the effects of climate change. “You don’t have to go very far. Even if you are a sceptic to the science, the reality of the change is already happening.

We’re already experiencing it. So, we won’t be like the ostrich with our heads in the sand.

We need to adjust, adapt, build strong, build better and also take action to ensure that we’re not contributing to the problem that we are trying to solve,” she said.

UNPRECEDENTED, BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE Mr. Marlon Velloza is the National

Project Coordinator with responsibility for Guyana’s National Communication Reports, which inform the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on Guyana’s status in four areas: the mitigation assessment, the greenhouse gas inventory, the vulnerability and adaptation assessment, and the national baseline assessment, which measures Guyana’s preparedness and climate-change capacity development.

While all this information helps to chart the government’s way forward, Mr. Velloza said the average individual has an important role to play in the fight against climate change.

“Well, the main scope or objective of the [Third National Communication (TNC)] is primarily looking at how we can integrate climate-change issues into policy or decision-making. So, we know that if we are able to present various scenarios based on data that we have, to government then we can say… these are the things that we need to do if we

want to be able to mitigate climate change or even adapt to the effects of such,” he said.

With just a few simple adjustments to daily life, he added, each individual’s efforts can create a snowball effect, producing a greater thrust towards reducing our carbon footprint.

“The individual participates in the process of emitting greenhouse gases… so simply taking public transportation when you can as opposed to driving your own vehicle helps to reduce some of the emissions that might be a result of the transport sector for example, turning the lights off in the room when you’re not in the room or unplugging… appliances… also help to reduce the emissions that might be as a result of consuming energy. So, it all boils down to your individual preferences,” he said.

As Guyana races toward 2020, the government has made clear its intent to use the revenues gained from the oil-and-gas sector to push sustainable development in Guyana, a task some might refer to as contradictory.

Recently appointed Climate Change Finance Adviser, Mr. Cathal Neely-Singh, said that the task is unprecedented, but not impossible.

“It hasn’t really been done before. Guyana is going to be entering into an arena which really it can only succeed if it learns very well the lessons, the mistakes, of others… The most important thing for Guyana to succeed in that is that there is really a very strong thrust toward public education and awareness, so that people understand what’s at stake, understand the critical role of the office of climate change and the role that adaptation and mitigation is necessary going forward and how it has to be built into the economy with the revenues that are gained,” he said.

The threat of climate change has implications in every sector of the public service and can affect every cross-section of society. The Government of Guyana, however, is committed to ensuring that our nation develops sustainably.

XXII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Staff engaged in the mental health talk

EPA joining the celebration for Occupational Safety and Health 2019 IN the workplace, health and safety are paramount to the well-being of the employees and the employer. Many hazards are present in today’s work environments, and it is the employer’s role, as well as the employee’s responsibility to be safe from these hazards. In Guyana, April is designated Occupational Safety and Health month. The 28th day of this month is set aside as the World Day for Safety and Health at Work.

In Guyana, the Department of Labour, Ministry of Social Protection, is the lead agency in this regard. Further, inclusive of an annual awareness walk, this year a number of activities have been organised to raise awareness about the benefits of improved Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) mechanisms in the workplace. The EPA executed activities as part of OSH month celebration, including a mental health talk and vaccination drive.

WORK-LIFE BALANCE Organisations play a crucial role in ensuring workers’ health and safety are protected. In this regard, the Environmental Protection Agency took a proactive approach to organise sessions to help engender a health-and-safety literate and conscious population. A mental health talk was conducted

by Psychologist from the Ministry of Public Health, Mental Health Unit, Mosa Hutson-Prince. Mrs. Hutson-Prince delivered her presentation to a capacity audience of staff members, as she focused on creating a balance between work and personal life.

Some of the recommendations given to staff to help achieve this balance included: Inculcating positive and healthy lifestyle habits, both at work and at home; and Engaging in regular exercise, healthy eating habits, and practising effective communication.

She also posited that even though mental health professionals are highly trained to offer advice and support to individuals, it is up to the individual to take the necessary measures to protect and maintain their mental health.

VACCINATION DRIVE Additionally, a vaccination drive was also carried out at the Agency’s Ganges Street, Sophia, office. Healthcare providers from the Ministry of Public Health Campbellville Health Centre facilitated this initiative. This service was well received by staff from the EPA and the Wildlife Conservation and Management Commission, since a large portion of the staff accessed such services more than 15 years ago.

Turn to page XXVI►►►

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XXIII

Tips on improving your garden soil

IF you’re new to gardening, or just not getting the results you want, you might need to take a look at your soil’s health. From changing the pH level to adding compost, the National Agriculture Research and Extension Institute (NAREI) will help you improve your garden soil.

The first thing you have to do is determine if your soil is sandy, clayey or pegassy. It’s important to know what kind of soil you have. Sandy soils need more organic matter because they don’t retain nutrients as well. Clay soil will need more aeration and organic matter.

Next, you will have to determine if your soil is too acidic. The pH scale ranges from 1-14, with 7 being neutral.

Anything above 7 is not desirable and anything below 7 is considered acidic. If your soil is too acidic that is, the pH is below 5, you can add limestone to it. However, if too much limestone is added then the soil’s pH will rise to above 7.

Vermicompost is another way to raise the pH in the soil.

This is a composting process using California Red earthworms to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicast is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms and has a pH above 6.

NAREI’s CEO, Dr. Oudho Homenauth indicated that it is important for farmers to know which nutrients their soil needs.

“Part of improving garden soil is to know which nutrients plants will need from the soil. Plants need a number of essential nutrients for proper growth and development. These nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as micronutrients. When the soil is deficient in these nutrients, fertilizer must be added,” the CEO explained.

Furthermore, garden soil and plants need oxygen to thrive and survive. Turning over your soil with a garden fork is a great way to add much-needed oxygen. Use fertilizer when needed as it can help your plants to bloom to their full potential.

“Typically, you’ll want to fertilize once before you start planting, and another time in the middle of the growing season,” the CEO advised. In next week’s column, NAREI will provide more information on improving your garden soil.

XXIV

Being extroverted Whether you are already an extrovert or an introvert wanting to expand your comfort zone, below are some

undeniable benefits of this personality trait.

Also known as ‘social’ or ‘outgoing’, extroverts are those

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

that thrive in social situations that others may find overwhelming or nerve-wracking; they typically become energetic and excited when in these situations. Not unlike introverts, extroverts are often widely misunderstood and often branded as too hyper or attention seeking.

There is much research which outlines the advantages of being extroverted.

It is not difficult to determine that those who are more comfortable interacting with strangers, speaking up in public, take on leadership roles or have no issue standing up for themselves are more likely to be successful in personal relationships as well as professional positions. This genuine enjoyment of socialising as well as the wider network it comes with, allows for higher than normal levels of self-esteem, self-confidence and overall self-worth. Even further, this personality trait results in a likeliness to thrive under pressure and a comfort in the spotlight that many envy.

There are also many things I’ve noticed (and envied) about extroverts. There isn’t necessarily any scientific data to back these points up as they are my (and probably been yours) observations.

Extroverts or common socialisers have a wealth of knowledge and information - both useful and useless. When you socialise often, with a wide variety of people, you learn the most random and often interesting things. They typically call this ‘rum shop gaff’ and it honestly has no limit- you guys know what I’m talking about.

They have advanced social skills and there are rarely any gaps or awkward pauses during their conversations. I’m not one for small talk and so I love when my extroverted friends are around. I’m always so impressed by the way they allow for flowing conversation.

They are easily adaptable; my extroverted friends seem to fit in with any group, in any environment, at any time. Those who are more introverted tend to have clear-cut comfort zones while these individuals seem to consistently expand theirs.

Extroverted individuals are more open to and even favour new experiences, they typically have a wide variety of interests and just as many hobbies. They also have the YOLO – you only live once- mentality which means that are more likely than others to have crazy and exciting adventures.

Extroverts tend to be more emotionally open than most; they aren’t afraid or embarrassed to share their genuine feelings and opinions. Many people have a fear of doing this because of judgement or stigma but extroverts rarely hide their feelings. This is especially beneficial as a genuine expression of feelings has been known to drastically lower stress. It also doesn’t hurt that these open confessions help the silent sufferers around know that they are not alone in their experiences.

Like any other personality trait, there are some downfalls.

It is important to acknowledge these so that the extroverts currently feeling this way know that they are not alone. Extroverts often feel pressure to be fun and energetic even when they are in a low mood- which of course happens as they are human. As they are typically aware of their position and how they are viewed, they feel like they have ‘failed’ in the interactions where they did not live up to others unrealistic expectations. It also must be difficult to regularly experience what we apparently now call FOMO- Fear of missing out. It is a facetious term to explain that certain people (mainly extroverts) consistently and mainly want to go out simply because they are afraid of not being around when anything interesting or exciting happens. This must actually be quite difficult as many of us go out a lot- how often does something actually worthwhile happen?

To be clear, there is no scientific evidence which supports that either being introverted/extroverted makes the individual happier than the opposite trait; it is simply two different personality types and people are happy once they have accepted which they are. However, if you feel like you would be happier making a change, that’s okay too.

Thanking you for reading. Please keep sending any topics you’d like to talk about to caitlinvieira@gmail.com Say Yes to Life and No to Drugs! Always! Suicide Prevention Helpline – 223-0001, 223-0009, 623-4444 or 600-7896. Do not be afraid to reach out!

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XXV

#SupportCreativity

By Subraj Singh

Our Planet

“our planet” then why are we not taking better care of it?

The issue of global warming, climate change, and other aspects of human interference that are destructive to the natural world (overfishing, deforestation, etc.) are explored not in isolation, but in connection to a wide variety of other plant and animal life that are affected by the actions of humans.

One of the goals of the series seems to be to showcase and emphasise the relationship between people and the natural

“Our Planet, Netflix, 2019 – Image via IMDB”

DOCUMENTARIES are works of art. Like paintings and theatre, they are a visual medium, and over the years, many documentarians have been using this form for a variety of purposes in the world, all of which fall under the main category of passing on information.

The main purpose of a documentary is to give information to the audience and, as previously mentioned, this can exist in various forms. A documentary such as “Paris is Burning,” for example, uses the pomp and ceremony of its subjects as a way of introducing the world to the underground NYC Ball Scene, a segment of LGBTQ culture that had been hitherto unknown to many people outside of that circuit. This year’s “Leaving Neverland” is a heavy documentary that resurfaces and rearticulates the arguments surrounding the accusations of child sexual abuse against Michael Jackson. “Casting JonBenet” interrogates the story of JonBenet Ramsey by interviewing people from her hometown who are auditioning to be in a film based on the murder. Using images, sound, cinematography, writing, directing, and all of the other art techniques that are used in a feature film, documentaries should be respected and celebrated for what they are, particularly by people in the Caribbean. I get the impression that documentaries are, too often, seen as lesser versions of feature films, which is both an incorrect definition of what a documentary is and an unjustifiable attempt at indicting documentaries, a genre of art that can stand on its own.

Documentaries, like all other forms of art, can move us emotionally, can make us think, and can motivate us to take the reins of the world and lead it to whatever we need it to be. Netflix’s “Our Planet,” narrated by the legendary David Attenborough is an example of a documentary (or, more specifically, a documentary series) that accomplishes all of the goals that documentaries as art forms are meant to capture.

“Our Planet” is an eight-part docuseries that outlines in staggering, mesmerising details, various aspects of the natural world and the unique plants and animals that make up the world in which we live. A clue to the primary aim of the series lies in its name, “Our Planet.” It is a reminder that the planet is “ours,” while at the same time inferring that this “our” in the title does not refer to humans only, but to every living organism that is found on the planet. “Our” planet belongs to ants, whales, tigers, orchids, sharks, humans, elephants, salmon, mice, urchins, grass, penguins, and every other living thing in the world. Furthermore, the title also underscores the fact that humans are contributing to the destruction of the planet by forcing us to ask ourselves, if the planet really belongs to us, to humans, then why are destroying it? If it’s

environment and to show that our actions have consequences, even when we are not aware of it. When we litter or contribute to pollution or deforestation, we create a ripple effect that moves through the whole ecosystem we destroy and a great variety of flora and fauna can be harmed if human behaviour remains unchecked. An example from the series that highlights this is coral bleaching, where miles and miles of beautiful, multicoloured coral reefs are bleached white and die because of rising ocean temperatures due to global warming. Not only is the coral and all its beauty lost, but hundreds of species of sea-creatures that rely on the coral reefs for protection or sustenance.

Turn to page XXVI►►►

XXVI

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019 ◄◄◄ From page XXII

Staff during the vaccination drive

Staff were able to benefit from vaccines against Tetanus, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR), Hepatitis B virus and Yellow Fever. Head of the visiting team, Deputy Chief Nursing Officer, Ms. Nalini Das-Sutton, highlighted the importance of vaccination as a means of eradicating many infectious diseases and more importantly, as a preventative healthcare measure to protect public health. Nurse Das-Sutton also explained that even if you received the vaccines you needed as a child, the protection from some vaccines can wear off and you may also be at risk for other diseases due to your job, lifestyle, travel, or health conditions.

Each year, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), which is the main advocate of the observances, selects a theme which we embrace to signify the Cut and Thrust of Safety Initiatives within the realm of work. This year, that theme is: “Safety and health and the future of work”, which highlights the ILO centenary anniversary and discussions on the future of work. Particularly, the world day this year looks back on 100 years of work in improving occupational safety and health, and looks to the future for continuing these efforts through major changes such as technology, demography and sustainable development, including climate change and changes in work organisation.

You can share your ideas and questions by sending letters to: “Our Earth, Our Environment”, C/O ECEA Programme, Environmental Protection Agency, Ganges Street, Sophia, Georgetown, or email us at eit.epaguyana@gmail.com or follow us on Facebook and Instagram. ◄◄◄ From page XXV

Similarly, when we cut down a tree, we are not only affecting the hundreds of animals that might live on that tree, but also all of the other animals in the jungle who may be connected to the animals on the tree in some way – and these relationships can exist in the form of predator/prey or in some mutualistic way. The point is that humans may be unable to see the ripple effect caused by their actions, but that does not negate the fact that the effects are happening and that they are causing tremendous harm for the natural world.

The filmmakers also appeal to both the audience’s emotions and sense of logic through the use of the documentary form itself. The beauty of the animals is captured in an array of environments, using techniques that bring us close enough to detect the sense of wonder that comes from the natural world. There is no doubt that after seeing the polar bears, orangutans, and even yellowfin tuna (they are huge and incredibly fast), and all of the other creatures, it is possible to come away feeling anything but awed. These sumptuous and striking images motivate us to want to protect the world in all its beauty. The gorgeousness of the animals are used by the filmmakers to make us want to be conservationists, because they show us what is at risk, they show us what we stand to lose if we do not take immediate remedial action.

There are some factions that have criticised the series for showing the darker aspects of what is happening in the world. Specifically, one of the most controversial scenes involves walruses attempting to climb rocky cliffs, as their icy homes melt away, before falling to their deaths.

The scenes of the walruses’ bruised and battered bodies are terrifying, horrific, and extremely depressing – but such scenes are necessary if the goals of the documentary are to be accomplished. Humans might be swayed with the world’s beauty held up to them, but they might also change their ways if the darker consequences of their actions are highlighted too.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Is male privilege real?

IN the short life that I lived, I have been a part of many groups, some of which included the fact that my colleagues and I held the same positions; we were equals- or we were supposed to be. When it came down to public opinion, people thought my male colleagues were the leaders. Or whatever reason it may be, I have always felt a strong force against me by something that is imaginary to most: male privilege. It is true that males are somewhat ‘superior’ in society compared to women and other genders.

To simplify it, according to the website itspronouncedmetrosexual.com: you can decide to not have children and not have your masculinity questioned, every major religion in the world is led by your gender, you can run for political office without having to use your gender in your platform or a decision to hire you would not be based on whether the employer assumes you will be having children in the near future.

In Guyana, it is evident in the way that the majority of our men can choose to get married at a later age or to have sex before marriage and not be scrutinised for it or in the instances where some women have to wear wedding rings although they are not to presume respect from other men, as if marrying a man is the only way she can receive it; or perhaps in the way that our cleaners and secretaries are females but most of our CEOS and Executives are males. I have always been annoyed when people refuse to acknowledge that male privilege is an actual thing. The fact that after many years of civilisation, we are still assuming the title, “first female ever to…” (yes, males have that too) but there are many major positions that have never been filled by a female. The past Presidents and Vice Presidents of the United States of America, the past heads of the FBI, all members of the Catholic clergy, the United Nations secretary generals are all MEN. While we can applaud the late Mrs. Janet Jagan for being our first female president, one can only wonder on the controversy of her not being there without the death of her husband, the late President Cheddi Jagan.

In countries like China and India, the poverty-ridden communities have higher rates of female infanticides (killing of baby girls) and female foeticides (abortion of baby girls).

It is a belief that boys will be more economically wise to rear than females because males are seen as better providers for the family. On a domestic scale, we can look at the way the males are often seen as the breadwinners in Guyanese homes.

Perhaps, it was not by choice but by a reason of getting higher wages or by the fact that they can actually find a job compared to their female counterparts.

All in all, if you think the tooth fairy and male privilege has the same attribute of being non-existent then I respect your opinion, maybe a full concept cannot be developed but there is evidence of it in our everyday lives.

I was astonished by the limited reviews the internet has on this topic as I was researching to write on it. With privilege, comes power. No one gives up power easily. As such, it will always be a struggle to fight against it. Even the men who are aware that they are privileged to be born male will still most likely turn a blind eye. ‘Privilege is when you think something is not a problem because it’s not a problem to you personally’ and until my male friends realise that they are even privileged to walk out late at nights, move to the city or another country or even lose their virginity without society or even their parents yelling in the back, ‘Girl chirren not fi do that’ or ‘you’re a girl child’ then I won’t back down on my beliefs either.

XXVII

XXVIII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Beyond the Runway with Dr. Sonia Noel ... Inspiring lives through fashion

The law of contribution TRUST you all had a wonderful Easter weekend, whether you went to the Bartica Regatta, Rodeo or chilled at home.

My weekend was consumed with family, just as I had planned it, and it was glorious. Whether at a restaurant, the market, or at the airport, I encounter people who read this column and they share content that inspired and motivated them. I would like to thank all the persons who read this column every week or send encouraging messages. I feel so honoured to be sharing words that are inspiring lives. I would like the mention a few persons in particular who are constant supporters. Thank you to Gordon Tucker of Berbice , who said he buys the Chronicle every Sunday to read Beyond the Runway; to Donna at Issano, who compiled a file with all the articles to share with people; Miss Sita in Stabroek Market, who always greets me with a big hug and reminds me to keep inspiring through this column.

One of the highlights of my weekend was the Award and Gala hosted by United Bridge Builders Mission (UBBM).

I must thank UBBM for awarding me with the 2019 International Humanitarian Service Award. The event was held at the Pegasus and Joy Agness worked her magic to create a classy and sophisticated ambience. This organisation is making a meaningful contribution to society and I wish that Bonita Montaque and team receive the necessary support , so they can continue to contribute to humanity. Congrats to the other honourees , especially Wendy Hermonstine, Mark Watson and Max Massiah. I believe in giving selflessly and will do it, whether or not it is acknowledged; but it feels good when people notice. I have received many awards before, but that evening was extra special because it was the first time my mom attended an event with me. Claudia Noel John is a woman who loves to be in the background, so you must be saying Sonia must be like her dad, lol. I thank God for her moulding me into the woman I am today; and she still continues to influence me in a major way. My Aunt Corin Gibson and brother Junior also added to my evening. I am very family-oriented and family is everything to me. I received so many compliments, so I need to mention who assisted behind the scenes.Bibi Ramlall Khan (MUA) and Clemencio Goddette (Hair) added the elegance needed for the wine and black outfit I wore from my new collection.

As I received my award from Professor Ivelaw Griffith, I remembered the words of one of my favourite mentors John Maxwell and the law of contribution.

If you have worked to learn or earn something, you have the ability to pass it on to others. If you live by the Law of Contribution, you will have much to give other people, because growing yourself enables you to grow others.

Turn to page XXIX►►►

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019 ◄◄◄ From page XXVIII

Giving of your time, expertise and resources without expecting anything in return is an unselfish act that makes the world a better place. We need more givers. When you focus more on the wants and needs of others, more of your own wants and needs are met. In contrast, when you choose to hoard what you have, rather than give, you become the centre of your own lonely universe and you become less content, not more. As a result, you repel both people and potential blessings.

Cultivate an Attitude of Contribution Be grateful Put people first Don’t let stuff own you Don’t let people own you Define success as sowing, not reaping Focus on self-development, not self-fulfilment Keep growing to keep giving. I have seen this info transform lives in my mastermind classes with content from the 15 Invaluable Laws of growth.

For us to reach our potential we must grow. And to grow, we must be highly intentional about it. This book has helped me learn how to grow and develop myself, so I have the best chance of becoming the person I was created to be.

I encourage all of us, no matter what, to keep investing in ourselves and make a positive contribution to our families, communities and nation.

Our next mastermind will commence soon and if you feel compelled to, you can email us; email beyondtherunway1@gmail.com as we continue to celebrate this beautiful journey called life BEYOND THE RUNWAY.

XXIX

XXX

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XXXI

XXXII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XXXIII

XXXIV

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XXXV

XXXVI

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

XXXVII

English

XXXVIII

STUDY SUCCESS Dear Student, It is good that most of you have discovered the why of writing (your purpose) and the who of writing (your reader). We’ll now talk about the what of writing (your topic). Actually, what you write about is not

much different from what you talk about.

Whether you’re talking or writing, you will usually find yourself trying to communicate such essentials as (1) what happened, (2) what it was like, (3) what you know about it, (4) how to do, and (5) what you think of it. Be wise.

Love you.

WRITING ACTIVITY

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

THOUGHT FOR THE DAY

THE HAPPENING THIS world is a comedy to those who A little more guidance is necthink, a tragedy to those who feel. essary at this time for those who need it. Read the story below, HORACE WALPOLE, FOURTH EARL then think and write one that it has OF OXFORD (1717-1797) To the Countprovoked your spirit. ess of Upper Ossory, 16 Aug. 1776.

A funny thing happened on my way to Mr Gooseberry’s wareYou may need these reminders; study house last weekend. While waiting for the traffic light at Salem and Sandhill, them carefully: 1. A long string of new pearls was found I saw a feeble man drop a letter into the illon the dam. kept mailbox on the opposite corner. Even 2. Michelle, as well as her mother, is here. from that distance, I saw a look of sudden 3. More of this law needs explaining. panic on his face. By the time I had crossed 4. More of my close friends have left the the street, he was trying desperately to get the letter back. All of his left hand and community work group.

5. All of the tea is yours. All of these part of his puny arm were jammed into the cookies are mine. narrow opening. Not only was he unable to 6. Most of Thursday has been cloudy. repossess his letter; now his hand was tightly 7. Most of these weekdays have been stuck. Naturally, a crowd of Guyanese young shoppers and foreigners from the islands had cloudy.

8. Part of this advertisement is rained off. gathered. Everyone was shouting advice Bii).. Here are two occasions when there at the unfortunate man; but before he could free himself, a policeman came along. The can be errors in your attempt to make the verb officer suggested that we continue about our agree with its subject.

1. You can be misled by a phrase that business. As we left, I could hear him explaining to the old man the proper procedure follows the subject. (Phrases beginning with for reclaiming items mailed by mistake. On such expressions as accompanied by, as well my way home later that Saturday afternoon, I as, together with can be really troublesome.)

Such phrases do not affect the number of passed the same corner. The old mailbox was the subject. Once you have found the subject, still there, but the feeble man was not. you should pay no attention to such phrase following it.

GRAMMAR Example: Baran, as well as his parents, A.. Treatment of Closely Related Senis participating in the darts game. (Baran is tences Sometimes we find it necessary to show singular subject; the singular verb is needed. that two sentences are more closely related to If the singular verb sounds awkward to you, each other than to the other sentences in the recast the sentence: Baran is participating, as paragraph. This closeness in relationship can are his mother and father. Note the placement be achieved in a number of ways. Today we of the two commas after words Baran and parents.) will look at three ways.

2. You can get very uncertain if the subject is all, more, most, part, some; a fraction; Examples 1. The downpour was very heavy. The or a percent and is followed by an “of” phrase, use a verb that agrees with the subject in that garden hat show continued as scheduled. i) The downpour came very heavily, but phrase. the garden hat show continued as scheduled.

Example as further reminders: (Use of the coordinating conjunction, but) More of the news report needs substantiatii) Although the downpour came very heavily, the garden hat show continued as ing. More of my countrymen have left town scheduled. (The first sentence is reduced to for interior gold mining.

Most of this chicken pie has been eaten. a subordinate clause by the use of ‘although’.

Note the comma between clauses, and that the Most of these pie pans have been destroyed by water. clauses can be removed.)

Part of this instruction list is missing. iii) In spite of the very heavy downpour, the garden hat show continued as scheduled. Part of the island people are not coming back.

Some of the box money has been missing.

(The first sentence is reduced to an introducSome of the $1,000 notes have been used to tory phrase.) mount a hunt.

Ten percent of the campus is pasture. Ten What to Do Show ways that the three pairs of sentenc- percent of the campuses are small.

What to Do es below can be used.

Complete each of the following sentences 1. The horticulturists worked hard at their preparation of the grounds. The overseer was by ticking off the correct verb form.

1. Fifty-five percent of the residents not present.

2. Some of the contestants were not on now (own, owns) more than two house lots. time. The audience was treated to an inter- 2. Steve’s son, as well as his uncles, (has, have) an album of newly recorded country lude of cultural music.

3. The stiff-necked older villagers contin- songs. 3. That bunch of genips (seems, ued to build tiny shelters on the embankment. seem) the greenest. 4. Half of the brown The law banned any unauthorized erections of cows (is, are) yielding above the expected quota of milk. 5. A short list of names homes on state land. (was, were) written up by the selecting Bi).. Agreement of Subject and Verb committee.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019

Guava Pudding

INGREDIENTS About 6 ripe guavas sieved, 3 eggs separated 1 pt milk 2 oz sugar INSTRUCTIONS Mix together egg yolks and milk.

Add sugar to taste and guavas.

Bake in a moderate oven, 350 degrees Farenheit, for about 25 minutes.

Cover with meringue made of the beaten egg whites and 2 oz sugar.

Return to oven and bake until meringue is brown.

SERVES 4-6

XXXIX

XL

Chronicle Pepperpot April 28, 2019