Guyana_Chronicle_Pepperpot_02_20_2022

Life in

Baracara

‘Aunty Euette’ and her dream of a citrus farm

Euette Amsterdam has lived her whole life in Baracara on the Canje River. She and her husband, Vernol, are working towards developing a citrus farm since fruits are a scarcity in Baracara village, especially after last year’s flood (Carl Croker photo)

Sunday, February 20, 2022

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

The highly skilled Guyanese businessman and astute cricket administrator

By Frederick Halley HIGHLY skilled in the field of Business Intelligence and Technology in the Property & Casualty (P&C) Insurance Industry, Guyana-born Praimnauth Persaud- popularly known as Praim-holds the prestigious post of Vice-president and Chief Operating Officer (COO) at Tritech Insurance Systems Inc., based in Brampton, Ontario, Canada, a post he has held since January 2018.

Prior to that promotion, Persaud had been Vice-president since January 1990, a period of 31 years and four months.

A staunch cricket administrator and former player, Persaud was inducted into the USA Cricket Hall of Fame in October 2020, which recognises those individuals who played the sunshine game at the highest level and have dedicated their lives to the promotion and preservation of the ideals of cricket.

Praim Persaud

According to Persaud, he has established a solid reputation and track record of delivering solutions that meet and exceed the expectations of companies that he has automated in the P&C Industry.

Persaud jurisdictions include Canadian, American, Caribbean and European - all insurance protocols and regulatory requirements, individual companies’ internal and external business nuances, unique processes, and workflows in automating their business requirements and client services.

“I have acquired a very

proficient and astute P&C Insurance knowledge background, as well as unique business requirement skills.

I have also designed very flexible and highly functional solutions that address the needs of the different jurisdictions - each with unique nuances of the insurance companies and producers that are unique to solution,” Persaud explained.

Persaud has been a servant of cricket, both as a player and administrator for the past 45 years and still continues to do so at various levels. He is credited to have contributed to the growth, development and visibility of cricket in two Canadian provinces – Montreal, Quebec, for almost 10 years and Ontario, mainly in the Brampton, Mississauga, Toronto, Etobicoke and other cities and districts for the last 35 plus years and counting.

Persaud is also a Special Adviser on Cricket to the Mayor of Brampton, Patrick Brown, and has successfully

Persaud with wife Kamla Devi enjoying the virtual Hall of Fame induction ceremony in the comfort of their home.

forged a very rewarding partnership with the City Council and all respective stakeholders of planning, development, infrastructure and funding, as well as parks and maintenance, all of whom are now

committed to working on the current and future growth of cricket in the city.

Currently the Vice-president of Cricket Ontario, after serving previously as president, Persaud pointed out

that he intends to continue his voluntary services to the sport at both the League and Cricket Ontario at the provincial Level.

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

Costume designers come together to keep ‘Mash’ alive PRIOR to the pandemic, tume parade; just to display Mark Roy Junor would floats, whether virtual or in be one of the revellers person. That didn’t happen. traversing the ‘Mash’ Minister was busy in Parroutes, but with the liament, so we didn’t get to damper that was placed meet with him,” she said. on all activities related So she decided that she to Mashramani - in fact, will put together a camp the cancellation of Mash where designers could Day activities over the bring together materials past two years, and this they have, along with old year also, Mark couldn’t costumes and revamped help but be affected. ones. “I decided I will put Imagine his relief together a band to show when fellow costume depersons that the designers signer Olympia Small-Soare still here and to get the naram came up with an attention of the ministry to idea to still do something have them involve designin celebration of ‘Mash.’ ers more,” Small-Sonaram “Olympia Small is the offered. one who came up with the “We find there are idea. ‘Mash’ is our thing; a lot of things going on it’s part of the Guyanese but the designers are not culture,” he explained. being included. Because “The idea is to form a of COVID, the designgroup to do something for Designer Olympia Small-So- ers have suffered a great Mash, being that we have loss. It’s really hard on us naram (Photo courtesy of not heard anything about because there is nothing Olympia Small-Sonaram) costuming or parades; happening that includes all the designers will bring nothing for designers to us,” she further mentioned. do. She reached out to others materials; old costumes…We The group will be using should be on the road show- a location for the display on and everyone pitched in.”

T h e g r o u p , G u y a n a casing ‘Mash’ costumes.”

Brickdam, opposite popuSpeaking with this pub- lar designer Maxi Williams.

Mashramani Costume Designers, will continue to exist lication, Small-Sonaram of- “People can come and see the even after the pandemic, fered that the main goal was costumes. It’s a showcase to Mark offered. “The plan is to to get approval from the let people know we’re still create costumes for ‘Mash.’ Ministry of Culture, Youth thinking about ‘Mash,’ and We need to do something to and Sport to do ‘Mash Night.’ we’re keeping ‘Mash’ alive, show that Mash still lives, so “This was not for the cos- regardless of what’s going on with the pandemic,” Small-Sonaram said.

Collaborating with other Creatives

Mark is one of the designers who will be showcasing his costumes on ‘Mash’ Day

Meanwhile, Mark, owner of Kramronuj Designs and Beat by Mark, described himself as very artistic and free-spirited. He prides himself in being not only a costume designer but a model, coach, dancer, and make-up artist. “When it comes to the arts, you name it, I do it.”

Fashion for Mark is his freedom of expression. “It gives me the opportunity to express myself in many ways.

When I started designing, I catered mainly for plus-size persons, because I was a chubby kid growing up and never really saw a lot of emphasis being put into plus-size clothing. This is one of the reasons I went full-blown ahead

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A ‘Mash’ costume

by Mark Roy Junor (Photos courtesy of Mark Junor)

with fashion because I loved it and it gave me the opportunity to create for persons like myself,” he shared.

With money not flowing, though, he said the most designers can do now is to collaborate with other creatives.

“I would do so with models, designers, photographers. We just want hope that things will go back to normal.”

Before the pandemic, Mark helped to make costumes for a few years with Burrowes School of Arts.

“I did my own front line band for Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport two years ago; I provided costumes for schools; dancers in the competitions for Mash. I also did a full band for the National School that includes floats and costumes for the road.”

Mark acknowledged that the pandemic has not only affected his work, but the entire nation. “Without people doing anything for ‘Mash,’ there’s no money flowing, so it’s really tough for persons to survive unless you have another means of income. Makeup helps me now and I dabble in other fine arts which help cushion the impacts of the pandemic.”

Before the pandemic, Mark helped to make costumes for a few years with the Burrowes School of Arts

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

‘Come see the beauty in your own backyard’

– Berbice tour operator

By Telesha Ramnarine TO Dillon and Stephanie Ross, it’s not just about being able to provide commercial tours in the Ancient County of Berbice.

vation and good stewardship of their environment, especially while spending time in the gorgeous Canje River that they like to frequent either for work or recreation.

Dillon and Stephanie fishing with friends in the Canje River (Carl Croker photo)

Dillon and Stephanie Ross

Both growing up with a love for nature and exploration, they make it a point to promote conser-

Dillon is the only licensed tour operator in Berbice, and together with his wife Stephanie, they created

Blackwater Adventures, an eco-tour company that sees the likes of Berbice/Canje sunset river tours, fishing trips; tours of the captivating ruins of Fort Nassau, Caiman experience tours, bush cooks, bird watching, among others.

Stephanie and Dillon originally came to Guyana as volunteers about a decade ago, but having come to acquire a deep love for the country - especially with

Some of the ‘hardworking,’ ‘kind-hearted’ people traversing the river (Carl Croker photo)

their backgrounds of travelling and exploring - they decided that here is where they want to remain.

“We are still busy in volunteer service around Guyana; however, this is how we pay the bills. Even though we are not born Guyanese, we are naturalised citizens and hope to help foreign visitors, as well as local Guyanese, explore the beauty of Guyana,” Stephanie shared.

Before coming to Guyana, Dillon worked as an emergency responder (Ski Patroller), emergency medical technician, and paramedic before becoming a wilderness guide. He is also a licensed fisherman, hunter, and boat captain.

Describing the Canje River as one of Guyana’s hidden gems, Dillon told Pepperpot Magazine a few days ago that it is full of

diverse wildlife and ecosystems. “Many people don’t know the beauty that exists right in their own backyard, especially in Berbice,” he offered.

Dillon has seen a variety of fish to date, ranging from the big Tarpon (Cuffum) to the smaller Lukanani and Piranha. He’s also spotted river otters, anteaters, sloths, SEE PAGE V

A beautiful scene on the Canje River last Tuesday (Carl Croker photo)

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When sugar was King in Guyana THE future of Sugar pro- were treated like royalty between young sugarcane running barefooted along the duction in Guyana at this by the locals. They lived and tall grass. Nonetheless, slippery mud dam in the rainy time - February 2022 - is the good life on the backs he was at the top of the season and the rock-hard dam to some degree, hazy. How- of the hard-working Guy- operational ladder in the during the dry season when ever, there was a period of anese workers. They rode sugar industry, with corre- the hot tropical sun would over 200 years when sugar on horseback or mounted sponding salary and perks bake the earth to an ironwas king in British Guiana. on mules when going or which the position brought hard surface. That made the As a matter of fact, the coming from trips to the with it. feet of the mule-boy become There was the status quo exceedingly tough, with the sweet product of the sugar backlands to check on the cane was referred to toes wide open sepaas “King Sugar” and rated from each other. brought in a high perMule-boys hardly ever centage of the national wore footwear, which income and foreign exwas somewhat difficult change of the nation. since their feet were A song was even comunshapely for such an posed to the honour of exercise.

King Sugar which is The mule-boy usuentitled, “SUGAR IN ally carried coat, umTHE MORNING.” brella and such necesThousands of Guysities for the overseer anese earned their who was riding the livelihoods directly mule, while he ran beor indirectly from hind the rider. But those the sugar industry. items of protection were While most of the lowfor the rider, not the er-level sugar workers mule-boy who carried lived their lives “from them. Should a shower hand-to-mouth” and come, the raincoat and very much in poverty, umbrella were handed those at the top end to the overseer, while middle-managerial The canal and the remnants of the once-functioning sugar the mule-boy continlevel lived their lives factory at Anna Regina on the Essequibo Coast (Photo by ued totally exposed to F. Q. Farrier) in virtual opulence, the elements as he ran receiving large salabehind his master. The ries and with fringe benefits progress of the growing that while the European over- ‘king’ on horseback did not such as free cars, medical sugarcane and ensure that seer was mounted on his care about the discomfort coverage, membership of the local workers were car- horse or mule going to or of the mule boy as he did high-class clubs, free do- rying out their duties as from the backdam, running his best to ensure that he mestic assistance, as well as prescribed. There was a astride or just behind, was a remained as dry as possible. paid holiday trips abroad, story of a young man fresh youngster, usually in his early Most of my growing-up among others. The major- out of college in the UK to mid-teen years. years on the East Bank of DeHis working title was merara was adjacent to large ity of managers were from European overseer, who the United Kingdom and did not know the difference “mule boy” and he would be sugarcane fields. Looking out

of the eastern windows of the cottage in which I grew up, one could have seen the sugarcane fields as they stretched into infinity. From the eastern windows of my home, I saw the sunrise hundreds of times.

Canals that were dug by enslaved Africans centuries before separated the fields.

I learned to swim in one of those canals. In recent years, that canal has been filled in and is now a roadway. Metal punts were how the harvested canes were transported from the fields to the factories to be processed into sugar. A by-product is molasses. In other sugar-producing countries such as Trinidad, Barbados and Belize, the harvested sugarcanes are transported by trucks. In the earlier years of my experience, I saw mules pulling the punts, going past my hom e and onward to the factory. Later, tractors were introduced to pull the punts, and the mules were literally put out to pasture. I also saw the hard-working cane cutters working in the fields which were previously put on fire to dislodge snakes and other creatures which lived in the fields as the cane was growing. Looking at those cane-cutters working so hard, fetching large bundles of the cane on their heads, and dumping them into the waiting punts, was really hard

work which King Sugar demanded. While the long-gone era of King Sugar is gone and Guyanese are now focused on oil and gas as bringing in wealth to our beautiful Guyana, those brick chimneys continue to stand tall, and in a way, asking that we look at them and remember when they played a vital role in the country’s economy. They are now a vital part of Guyana’s historical monuments and glorious history. In a way, they can be included in our tourism industry, a second life for them as it were.

Earlier in this article, I mentioned growing up on the East Bank of Demerara, which had three active “grinding” sugar factories at the time - at Ruimveldt (where the BANKS DIH rotunda now occupies), one at Houston and another also at Diamond. As a matter of fact, as students, we were taught the importance of the sugar industry and that the Diamond Sugar factory was the largest in British Guiana; that brought much pride and joy to students of schools on the East Bank of Demerara. While there has been a high reduction of sugar production in Guyana since the turn of the century, sugar is no longer king. His crown has been removed.

‘Come see the beauty ...

FROM PAGE IV

monkeys (howler, capuchin, sakiwinki), and a wide variety of birds and other wildlife.

He didn’t neglect to mention the wonderful people who also inhabit communities along the Canje River. “The creek is home to many hardworking people as well with a wonderful agricultural community, as well as kind-hearted people. It’s truly a special place.”

Safety Above All Else Dillon and Stephanie pride themselves in operating a family-owned

business that ensures that quality service is delivered at all times. “In the world of tourism, many companies operate as a middle man between you and other entities who provide tour services. But when you book with Blackwater Adventures, you get us.

“We pride ourselves on outstanding customer service and promise to put your needs and safety above all else on the trips. We know each trip and group is unique, so we specialise in customising trips to suit your goals and preferences.

Don’t hesitate to ask us to adjust our itinerary as we will do all we can to ac-

commodate you,” Stephanie noted in one of her social media posts.

She added: “We are a family-owned eco-tourism operation based in beautiful Berbice, Guyana. Our mission is to provide quality, affordable adventures to local Guyanese as well as to foreign visitors.

“We are licensed boat captains and fishing/hunting guides, and this means that we don’t hire other people to operate our trips.

Because of this, we don’t need large groups to go.

Are you ready to let the beautiful black water of Guyana move you?”

The River is home to Guyana’s national bird - the Canje Pheasant (Carl Croker photo)

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

Welcome to

Baracara!

- A maroon village rich in history, culture and traditions

DEEP into the back-dams of Baracara Village, located more than an hour’s speedboat ride along the Canje River, from Canje, can still be found farm beds

that some residents are convinced were cultivated

by African slaves who came to Guyana many moons ago and settled in communities along the river.

One of the oldest residents in Baracara, Alva Hinds

Said to be the only maroon (descendants of Africans who escaped slavery and formed settlements) village in Guyana, Baracara is exceptionally rich in history, traditions and cultures that many residents insist on carrying on.

Perhaps it was just the reporter, but even the accent of residents there was different, resembling something that you’d hear in African lands.

Again, it could very well be just the imagination of the reporter, or not!

“If we check in some of our back-dams, we see beds that were cultivated by the slaves; beds that they planted cocoa on. They were planting in different areas along the river, and that’s how they ended up settling in various places along the river,” Chairman of Community Development Council, Marshall Thompson shared with Pepperpot Magazine, adding, “After the revolution, some people went back to

A common scene on the Canje River, along the way to Baracara

There were mainly leaf houses in Baracara, although some residents have been constructing modest houses made of wood

Africa, and some decided to stay and settle here, cutting firewood…their means of transportation was by raft and canoeing.”

The residents of Baracara may be using engine boats today, but they have remained a community that depends mainly on farming and lumbering. They use the water from the river, plant their own food, and enjoy a good catch of fish.

There were mainly leaf houses back in the day, although some residents have more recently been constructing modest houses made of wood. With no electricity, the village, with about 300 residents, inclusive of children, relies on solar energy.

Thanks to an initiative by former president David Granger, a boat was made available to transport children to and from school. This eases a heavy burden on parents financially and even on the children, some of whom would’ve otherwise had to ‘foot’ it.

The boat goes for the children up to Torani in the east and goes to transport the children from Baracara Village. Some children would have to be ready as early as 07:00 hours to be able to benefit from the transportation.

Togetherness The Baracara commu-

Residents will often enjoy a good catch of fish

nity does many things together, and residents look out for each other. If an emergency happens, the entire village will come out to offer support, at times, physically and financially.

There is a certain ‘arrangement’ in the village that residents are expected to upkeep. “If there is an emergency, like a sickness, someone would come out and shout that the person is sick.

In minutes, a crowd would gather,” Thompson related.

If the sick person has to be sent out to New Amsterdam immediately, residents would sub enough money for the gasoline needed to make the trip. “The fastest boat would have to take the sick out at no cost. That is our arrangement.”

Almost the same thing will happen if someone is getting married in the village. “The tradition is that every family would help to find the ingredients…we would call a meeting, and everyone would choose what they will contribute and we would keep the wedding. All the men in the community connected to the girl and boy would go cut the wood, sell it and it would assist in buying things for the wedding.

The whole community will come out to support. We don’t work with invitation; it’s word of mouth in Baracara.”

The togetherness and cooperation would be evident SEE PAGE XXI

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Growing up in Baracara Guyana’s Romario Shepherd has fond memories

By Telesha Ramnarine G U YA N E S E c r i c k e t e r Romario Shepherd can still remember everything about his childhood days in Baracara - a small community along the Canje River in Region Six (East Berbice-Corentyne) that is now home to roughly 300 persons.

As a boy attending Baracara Primary, Romario cannot recall ever wearing shoes to school – something that he looks back on with pure fondness. It added to the fun of walking to school with his friends, 99 percent of whom also went without shoes.

Perhaps it even worked well as he made his way in and out of a paddleboat whenever one was available.

Whatever the case, this Canje Creek community holds a special place in Romario’s heart and he still regards it as a “fun” place to be, especially for someone who enjoys nature.

The right-arm fast bowler, who plays for Guyana in domestic cricket and for West Indies in international cricket, was actually born in Linden but moved to Berbice with his family as a youngster. “I can’t recall when I actually moved to Berbice; I was still quite young then to remember,” he reflected in an interview with Pepperpot Magazine a few days ago.

The 27-year-old, who was earlier this month ‘bought’ by the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament, said he especially loves the quietness in the river. “I also like that everyone lives like family, along with the support you had if there was a wedding, funeral or any function.”

Romario still has many family members living in the river. “It’s still a place I am attached to. I visited there in 2020 after about 10 years, and a lot has changed, but everyone basically lives in the same place,” he recalled.

Asked if he played cricket while there, he said the circumstances were not conducive. It was when he came out of the river to attend secondary school in New Amsterdam that he got a break.

“I was basically too young then to play hardball. We didn’t have all the cricketing equipment for a young man to take part in the sport and

It was during secondary school that Romario got his career started Romario attended the Baracara Primary School

the guys were pretty strong; they bowled fast and hit the ball hard,” he recalled.

Vryman’s Erven Secondary Romario’s career all started during secondary school.

Together with his pal Orlando Tanner, whom he had known since pre-school days, he attended the Vryman’s Erven Secondary School in New Amsterdam.

“Together, we used to team up and play two on two against the other students

Guyanese cricketer Romario Shepherd (Photos Compliments of Romario Shepherd)

for money and you can tell by now in this conversation who were the winners,” he joked. At that point, Sir Iram Moakan saw the duo, both about 12 years old at the time, and got them enrolled on the school team.

“He put me to open the batting; I got 129 in my first game, and then he told me I have to join a club. The only club he would let me join was Mr. Carl Moore’s club; Tucber Park Cricket Club. I can safely say I am where I am today because of Mr. Moore.

“He didn’t only teach us

about cricket; he taught us discipline outside of cricket.

He told us to read our Bible and pray every morning, which I still do every morning,” Romario shared.

He has no photos to show for all that he shared about his childhood days because he didn’t have a cellphone back then. “I got my first phone from my older brother, Kenny. I was like about 15 years old.

Now, my son is four years old and has a cellphone, so life has changed.”

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

Technology, dedicated teachers making a big difference at Baracara Primary School The Baracara Primary School along the Canje River

Headmistress of Baracara Primary School, Walterine Amsterdam (Carl Croker Photos)

By Telesha Ramnarine WHEN Walterine Amsterdam started in the teach-

of Baracara. Over the years, she’s seen many positive changes and development at the school, many of which

The education authorities have presented the school with a smart TV and have promised to look into providing better electricity and internet

ing profession 37 years ago, there was nothing like WiFi or a smart TV to aid her work; everything was ‘chalk and talk.’ Today, though, she cannot wait for the school building to be equipped with WiFi to better assist the 72 children who attend the school.

Amsterdam, the acting headmistress, came to Baracara Primary School from New Amsterdam in 1995 after getting married to Mortimer Amsterdam, a resident

she’s very grateful for.

One in particular, she mentioned, was how the use of technology has been making her work easier. “You can have a nice little video to introduce your lesson,” she pointed out, after having just dismissed her class for break.

“Your lesson is totally different; generally far better. Everything is not just about making a teaching aid; you can share things with the children. You have nice games you can play with them. The children are more

into it than this chalk and talk of long ago,” she shared.

The education authorities have also been very helpful in supplying whatever is needed to make life easier at the school. They’ve not been short, for instance, on providing literacy kids and worksheets. They’ve also presented the school with a smart TV, although they must first have the solar panels fixed to generate electricity so that it can be used.

The school, with pupils from Baracara, Ikuruwa, Torani, and Airy Hall – commu-

nities along the Canje River - has also received computer donations so that a lab is underway. Better internet and electricity have both been promised, Amsterdam noted.

“The WiFi was repaired on the community building, but I am hoping they will put one on the school. In some of the classrooms, the children can pick it up on their tablets,” she noted.

The four other teachers at the school would also benefit greatly from better WiFi since they are studying online at the Cyril Potter College of Education. They’d have to leave the school and go to another location along the Canje River to be able to log in for classes after school. However, if they have a presentation during morning hours, they would have to leave and ask another teacher to hold their class.

“Sometimes they bounce on and off,” Amsterdam

laughed, adding, “Sometimes they’re hearing but the trainers are not hearing them. They had to do demonstration lessons one time and they had a whole set of problems.”

Another challenge of the teachers has to do with having to conduct multi-grade teaching. “In each class, you have children who learn at different levels, so when you are multi-grading Grades One and Two using the new curriculum (we’re a pilot school for the new one)…it’s difficult. You have to know how to put it together to benefit both groups of children.

So you have to get a smart mind to know how to. The teachers here are trying their best.”

If any teacher needs help, they wouldn’t hesitate to seek it from Amsterdam. If they know that they cannot handle a certain topic, they’d ask a colleague to fill in for them.

“They would ask someone to hold their class while they do that part with the children.

That’s how we work here.”

With Amsterdam planning to retire this year, she is doing all she can to help the younger teachers. “I want to set the platform so they can push on. I am trying to familiarise them with the job so that when I am gone, they can function by themselves because people don’t leave the road to come here to teach unless someone gets married to someone in here.”

Unique Classroom Experiences Amsterdam can never forget the time when she opened her classroom door and heard something drop to the ground. Upon turning around, she saw a long snake that had apparently been restSEE PAGEXXI

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

Life in

Euette Amsterdam and her husband, Vernol (Carl Croker photos)

Baracara ‘Aunty Euette’ and her dream of a citrus farm

By Telesha Ramnarine CASUALLY walking along her farm with fruit-bearing trees at her hand reach; not having to stretch too far to pick something to eat on the spot is the dream being nurtured by Euette

Fruits such as guavas, limes, lemons, oranges and other foods, though, are difficult to come by, especially after last year’s extreme flooding in the Canje River.

There may be other citrus farms along the river, but Euette wants to grow her

whopping three months.

But it was not a problem at all for Euette. “I was born here, grow up here, got married here and am living here right now. Sometimes it’s difficult, but by you grow up in the thing, it’s not so hard,” she expressed during

Euette and her husband, Vernol, lived for three months on their boat during extreme flooding in the Canje River last year

Holly Amsterdam, a farmer in Baracara Village who has her heart set on preparing a citrus farm.

It’s hard to get certain vegetables and fruits in Baracara. At the moment, everyone is planting ochroes and bora, so there’s hardly any opportunity to sell these and other greens. People would, therefore just share their produce within the community.

own.

A “full-fledged Baracara resident,” Pepperpot Magazine met up with Euette on her boat. Her husband, Vernol, constructed it, perhaps never realising that one day it would serve as their home for months. They’ve never seen water come up as high as it rose last year.

They couldn’t even stay in their house, but had to live and work in the boat for a

an interview along the Canje River.

She was on her way, with tiny citrus plants, to her farm located about two miles from her home. The plan was to spend a few days there to work on the new citrus farm. “We have two farming areas; one with pine planted for about a mile in the backdam, and then we are now doing citrus down the river,” she explained.

Nothing in these remote parts is too difficult for Euette, with the support of her husband of course. “The hardest thing for me is to get the field cut. We cut down and burn our field; the hardest thing is to get it prepared.

You then get your seeds; sometimes, we buy seeds, or we get from each other.

‘You have bora, please fuh some seed.’”

Euette does pine and plantain on a large scale; these are her main crops.

“But I want fruits,” she stressed. “Sometimes we can’t get orange, five finger, lime, lemon, even mangoes in Baracara because the flood killed all the fruit trees. So when I do the citrus farm, we can get fruits in the different seasons. We don’t have to go to New Amsterdam to buy all these things. So it’s my

dream to have fruits.”

Boat and Cow The mother of one, who attended Canje Secondary but couldn’t write exams due to various problems, explained how they’d get their produce from the farm to market. “We use boat and cow to bring the pine. The cow haul the boat up in the backdam, we pack the pine inside, and the cow brings the pine out for us. We will then pack it in the boat to take to New Amsterdam, which is the closest market we have.”

At times, though, the couple would pull in at the side of the river to sell greens if they have an excess and sometimes people would even go to their home to buy.

Euette makes it a point

not to use too many fertilizers on her farm as she is skeptical about certain chemicals and prefers to take more of an organic approach to farming. “We use cow mould, old grass, old leaves; my brother teach me how to do compost. I plan to do a lot of composting.”

Having suffered a lot of losses with rice last year, Euette also plans to start back planting rice this year. If they cannot afford to employ persons to help them with the work, then there’s another effective arrangement in place to get the work done.

“If we plant a nice crop and get money, we hire two or three persons to work with us to do the first work.

If we have excess planting to do, we hire people, and SEE PAGE XIX

Euette on her way to the farm with her small citrus plants

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‘Living on legacy’ - Baracara residents share traditional healing methods passed on by their fore-parents

By Telesha Ramnarine IF someone is bitten by a poisonous snake in Baracara, it would be no unusual scene if the village persons administering care digs up seven earthworms for the person to swallow as part of “creole” treatment. This, residents believe, would be enough to keep the person going until professional help can be accessed.

Residents believe that this treatment was practised by their fore-parents and that it works wonders when there’s an emergency.

Valney Thompson, the health centre attendant over the past 11 years, couldn’t be more convinced that the treatment is effective. While she’s never been bitten by a snake, she watched as her 10-year-old sister swallowed the worms.

“This treatment comes from our fore-parents. My father’s great uncle used to be the snake doctor. He passed and left us the legacy. That is how we live; on legacy from our fore-parents,” Valney, who also makes the most delicious

pholourie as a side business, expressed during a conversation with Pepperpot Magazine.

“In our area, if you have a snake bite…we have no snake doctor at the present time. We have two persons who would give us creole treatment. We have Uncle Dial and Cousin Roland here,” she continued.

Valney further explains the method used: “If a snake bite you- let’s say a labaria or bush master. If they get to kill it, they will burst the snake head, take out the brain and tie it to the bite spot to keep the poison from travelling, or they would dig seven earthworm- we does call it bait- and give you to swallow. That will assist you until you reach to the snake doctor.”

Valney’s sister, Annis, who swallowed the worms, still lives in the Canje River.

“Annis had a bushmaster bite. I was just a child, and I can rightly recall when she got the bite was a Friday night. By the time we reached to Uncle Coronel, her whole one side leg was swollen. She had to swallow the worm. She had no

Valney makes the most delicious pholourie as a side business

choice because old-time parents…whatever they said, you had to do,” she recalled.

Today, Valney, a mother of three, said these methods

Baracara resident, Valney Thompson (Carl Croker photos)

would still be employed in the village. If the snake is caught and the brain removed, then there’s no need for the worms, she clarified.

Valney couldn’t explain the connection between the snake’s brain and the bite area, but she wholeheartedly believes that this would stop the poison from travelling.

“If it moves, it will take it to your whole body. I have no idea how it stops it from travelling; none. But that’s all I know; that’s what old people say.”

While this has seemingly worked for residents, advice from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that if someone is bitten by a snake, they should not pick up the snake or try to trap it, apply a tourniquet, slash the wound with a knife, suck out the venom, apply ice or immerse the wound in water, drink alcohol as a pain killer, or drink caffeinated beverages.

“If you or someone

y o u k n o w a re b i t t e n , try to see and remember the color and shape of the snake, which can help with treatment of the snake bite,” the CDC recommends. “Keep the bitten person still and calm. This can slow down the spread of venom if the snake is venomous. Lay or sit the person down with the bite below the level of the heart. Wash the wound with warm soapy water immediately. Cover the bite with a clean, dry dressing.”

Bush Medicine Someone has to be really sick before a decision is made to seek medical attention in New Amsterdam.

Otherwise, residents will resort to home remedies, mostly employing methods that have been passed on to them through generations.

“We believe in we bush medicine,” Valney said, explaining, “If someone is having a serious pain in

their head, we will hot water and get two tubs. One will have hot water, the other, cold. They will tie a wet napkin on your head with one foot in hot and one in cold until the headache eases. That really work.”

According to Valney, the bush doctor in the village is also good at helping people sort out problems with infertility. “I don’t know what the bush doctor does boil, but I know he good at making people get pregnant.

I can’t say what and what he boils… if is the man or the lady getting the problem, he can treat whoever is having the problem.”

Explaining what she’d do to help her children if they develop a cold, Valney said: “I’ll boil the wild sorrel or daisy. If they have fever, I will soak the bitters in a ‘Busta’ bottle for an hour and give them two to three shots; that really relieves the fever, or you can boil bamboo leaves and give them to drink.”

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

XI

YOUTHFUL TEACHINGS MUST HAVE COMPARISONS INCLUDED

WE had come to the wise conclusion that we would fire our slingshots at ‘De wuk man’ just as he began to bathe the (stupid) women who paid him towards whatever lies he told them. So we crept up, aimed for the would-be con man and hit the partly nude girl or lady. We were echoing what adults were gossiping about concerning these affairs. While we were not so far from them, invisible, of course, to the naïve adults. No, I don’t think that children are invisible, nor that when I’m talking (De Big People thing), even in symbolic language, that they understand a different language at that point and aren’t smart enough. My father implored me to understand, which I was eager to embrace, in suspicion of the alternative of lashes.

Big Braff explained that people believe in things because they don’t have choices of other logical answers at the time, just as me and Bogart (a false name) were motivated by hearing gossip conversations we should have never heard, much less come to our conclusions on. I listened attentively because though I didn’t live with the big man, I knew that he had a way of raising the topic of any philosophical lesson he had administered a couple of weeks or so later on a visit. If you didn’t remember what you said and had agreed to, you then would get a few thumps.

I developed as a teenager a stay-far attitude for mysticism and religion, though for some reason, I liked reading the Bible. With prayer, I had adjusted on doing research for a Sci-Fi project. When I read about the research done

by Harold Burr on the concept of ‘Human energy Fields,’ It did sound way out, but what if…? Human civilisation is young . Theories come and go. There is logic in human feelings, and sensitivity, especially when a rejection of a decision is imposed upon. Like a one-time acquaintance who was asleep and was awakened and coerced to go for a drive and ended up in a fatal accident, more than one colleague has mentioned someone who had a similar fate since that sad event years ago. Perhaps we should caution both friends and family about holding to that prevailing feeling.

If the time comes, the stronger feeling might be the right decision, so there can be links to a prevailing energy field that influences us.

The concept of Human Energy Fields revolves around the ancient idea that humans have a vital force that, if weakened or damaged, allows disease to invade the body in most cases, to which earth and natural cleansers and selected foods can reverse. Science has not accepted the idea of Human Energy Fields, though it cannot identify why it cannot be possible. What has worked for us individually, is a sense to ‘feel.’ Sometimes we meet a complete stranger and are cautious, thus the statement “I ent too comfortable wid he/she” there must be some attribute that explains premonitions and what I’ve evolved from youthful understanding as reading “The Vibe.”

The closest experience to identifying this unique sense of pre judgement, lies in the culture of proverbs and sayings that exist in the mainly Afro-Guyanese community I grew up in were prevalent. There were no long lectures, for example: “Bway dem people who like Wuk man house, he find house fuh earthbound Jumbie in dem” and this is contrasted by “ Nawh because people turn up ah Church every Sunday, mean deh nawh mock God in deh ways.” Or this popular one said to young ladies on principled behaviour, before engaging suspicious relationships ”Pickney born ah chamber, mus’ come out ah hall” and as my old man SEE PAGE XX

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I WILL ALWAYS BE YOURS - PART III RAJ returned, but he was so busy with a new branch of their auto sales business opening on the East Coast, Shanti saw him only for breakfast. That one short period in the morning, the few words spoken and the slight smiles as she served him breakfast gave her something comforting to hold onto for the day.

“Are you missing me?” he asked in a low tone.

She glanced at him briefly and nodded slightly, being cautious in her response to him because sometimes unexpectedly his mother and father would join him in the dining room.

“I never used to mind being away on business trips before,” he told her, “But not now.”

She looked at him and their eyes met for a short moment, unspoken words of his feelings.

“A beautiful change has happened,” he said quietly as he left, his arm brushing against hers slightly.

Neither of them saw his mother come quietly into the dining room and stood there looking at them.

Shanti took a deep breath to relax her feelings as she continued her tasks. That week was quite hectic for the household staff with the arrival of overseas visitors, special lunches and cocktail parties. The job was so demanding that many days she had felt worn and tired, hardly able to live her life a little for herself. And worse for her, was her mother taking most of her salary for her own needs, leaving Shanti barely able to supplement her young brothers.

It was so frustrating for Shanti, she sometimes questioned, “How long more do I have to live like this, dear Lord?”

She knew life didn’t plant a rose garden for her, but she believed there must be something that could give her a little happiness.

Three weeks later with the new branch opened for business, Raj was relieved from his busy schedule and came home at regular periods. It was a great relief also for Shanti and it pleased her heart that she would be seeing him more often. But his mother seemed to always have something important to discuss with him and some new tasks for Shanti to do. It seemed like a deliberate attempt to keep them apart and Raj was clearly becoming frustrated.

A holiday weekend was coming up and he said to Shanti,

“I think I need a break from work and endless family discussions, and I think you do too.”

She said nothing because she had nowhere to go, but he did.

“This weekend we are going on a trip to a resort away from everyone and everything, just the two of us.”

Before she could digest his plan to respond, he kissed her on the cheek and left, “See you later.”

After he had left, she said to herself, “Okay, I need a break myself.”

Raj made all the arrangements for the trip to a family resort on the Abary River, a weekend away, neither family knew of, to avoid them ruining it. Shanti was somewhat thrilled as they drove from the Corentyne to West Coast Berbice. She hardly ever got the opportunity to travel to see different places and experience the fun and excitement of life.

Today, she was riding in a Raptor with her rich boyfriend.

The mysteries of life never failed to astound.

He looked at her, seeing how relaxed she was and asked, “Are you excited?”

She smiled and nodded, “Yeah, it’s something new for me.”

He reached across and squeezed her hand, “It will be a great weekend.”

The real thrill though for her was the speed boat ride along the smooth, black water of the Abary river. She was awed by the green wide expanses of cattle pastures, rice fields and neat farmhouses - a long ride that was a wonderful experience. On reaching their destination he helped her out of the boat and put his arm around her waist as they walked up the landing to the house. It SEE PAGE XXII

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

XIII

How ‘love’ can be an oppressive tool for Guyanese women

LAST week was the week of love, it was Valentine’s Day on Monday and everyone was busy shopping and preparing grand gestures for their loved ones.

Valentine’s Day is usually celebrated amongst couples across the world and it often references the colour red that symbolises the feeling and virtue of love. I was left pondering a bit on what the definition of love is and realised that love doesn’t have one fit definition. It is defined differently by everyone who feels and receives

it. To love and be loved can be empowering for some, but it can also be oppressing for others. Hence, the definition of love will always vary from person to person; likewise, from society to society. What then does it mean to be loved as a woman in Guyana? That’s the question I’ve been asking myself all week and why I decided to share my thoughts on this topic through this week’s column.

The idea of “Love” can be liberating for some women in Guyana, but it can also be excruciatingly oppressive for some. To “love” a man in some households means: to please his every need, even if you’re not in the mood, to be abused and endure his wrath or to feel as if divorce equals death. Some girls are taught that leaving an abusive home is never the option because if you “love” him, you’ll abide with it. Some women were socialised to think that obsession or overprotective traits in men equate to them caring deeply for you. This can also translate to the “love” some families have for women and girls. Some girls are brainwashed into believing that the abuse they face from their parents or relatives are “out of love.” The subjectiveness to oppressive gender roles, unpaid labour, servitude, inhumane sexual expectations are all camouflaged as “love” for women and girls in certain parts of Guyana. This is a recurring, generational curse and reality for many—it seems never-ending. These toxic ideologies that are used synonymously with the feelings of “love” are an ongoing social issue that seems to plague the women of our country. I stopped opening the newspaper for some time last year because every time I do, my day was spoilt after reading about murder-suicide incidents amongst lovers in our country. These said incidents are

probably linked to how the overall traditional Guyanese culture defines love and a woman’s role in a “loving” SEE PAGE XXV

Differentiating between love and abuse

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How to best terminate an employee SOME of my readers know that I was recently consulting as Human Resources Manager at an oil-and-gas company. I had written about tips for a successful application, how to deal with a difficult boss and co-workers etc. I’ve been asked now to discuss what is the best way to fire someone.

I’m happy to answer this, as I’ve seen it done pretty badly here in Guyana. Not really anyone’s fault, as there is no proper protocol. Outside of Guyana, the employee is sent

down to the human resource department, where there is a proper procedure. In Guyana, it seems that anyone who is of a higher level of employment can fire you and do it pretty much any way they want to. Therefore, for those of you who are guilty of not doing your best in this area, I hope you take the following tips.

If you’ve ever had to fire someone, you know how difficult it can be and should typically be a last resort. Guyana

has a firing protocol in the labour laws where there is a verbal warning, then a written one, then suspension upon investigation and then termination. This typically applies to contractual employees, and termination can only happen without all the aforementioned warnings unless there is a serious breach of work protocol. If you have a contractual employee, make sure you have legal grounds to fire them as well as have followed the legal procedure.

If firing someone is your only option at this point, correctly doing it can save yourself and the company a lot of trouble.

Firstly, when firing someone, the element of surprise should always be left out. This means giving them warnings if they are not performing up to your standard. Keep in mind that a performance review and a little extra training reduces employee turnover and increases employee morale, so if that’s an option, take it.

If you cannot, run it by another manager or a partner to ensure you have solid grounds for termination as it is common that these decisions are made discriminatorily.

Do it in person if possible - it is more respectful and allows

for better understanding.

Do it in private as it is a sensitive discussion – I have seen and heard stories where people get fired in front of other employees - all that does is cause additional employee dissatisfaction and unease. Keep in mind, this could be someone your other employees care about or they should spend all their employment time worried about when their turn will come around. However, if the employee has shown problematic or violent tendencies, having one witness in the room is okay. The employer’s and the company’s safety are important as well.

The day and time chosen is actually very important to someone’s mental health. If no notice is required and the termination is effective immediately, it is best to do it early in the week, as it encourages the employee to get right to work on finding another job and reduces the chances of them spending the weekend worrying, mal-coping and feeling hopeless, as not much is open so they cannot go straight into finding new work. However, if you cannot do it during the day because it cannot be private, wait until the end of the day.

Tell them as soon as the meeting starts – employers think they make it easier if they begin with general small talk- it’s not.

Be very clear and concise. The employee should not feel that the decision is still being made. I’ve also seen people beat around the bush to make things less uncomfortable and say things like, “We don’t need you right now but we will call when we do.” That does not help anyone. You’ve made a serious decision so make it unSEE PAGE XX doubtedly.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

XV

A sustainable energy future for the developing world?

THROUGHOUT this past week, like many of my colleagues, I found myself referring to the International Energy Conference as the ‘oil and gas conference,’ despite the repeated assertions that it was a conference that focused on the sustainable development of energy resources. That seemed to be the general perception of the attendees, and also the average Guyanese and it made me wonder if the focus on “sustainable energy” at the conference was mere rhetoric.

This question bothered me for some time, so I sat down and thought ‘long and hard’ about what was going on. Fortunately, two important considerations emerged at the conference that helped to appreciate the focus on sustainable development.

The first consideration that emerged is not anything new. In fact, it is an assertion I discussed in a previous column, that is, developing countries should not have to carry the burden of saving the earth all by themselves.

What do I mean by this? Certainly, because some countries have been burning fossil fuels for decades now to advance the industrialisation process, harmful gases have been released into the atmosphere, causing harm to the environment through climate change.

Before the environment is irreparably damaged (if it isn’t already), steps must be taken to limit and reduce our emissions.

That means burning fewer fossil fuels (such as the oil produced offshore Guyana) and using more renewable sources of energy (such as solar, wind, and hydropower). Efforts such as planting more trees- because trees suck in those harmful gases released-are also solutions to save us from the harmful effects of climate change.

But think of it this way: developed countries have long been able to use these fossil fuels to power profitable industries.

Like those of us in the Caribbean, developing countries have also been plundered for raw materials and exploited for free or

cheap labour.

At the conference, this was a salient point raised by Guyana’s Vice-president Bharrat Jagdeo and Barbados’ Prime Minister Mia Mottley-both individuals who are, by the way, recognised at “Champions of the Earth” for their contributions to sustainable development.

Prime Minister Mottley, in parSEE PAGE XXV ticular, pointed out that developing

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Planet earth is like a mother whose children have lost all sense of direction and all value in life WE have all changed courses on this journey, and some think it may even be by accident. I had decided on the content of this week’s column long before it was due, but decided to change course because I believe someone is waiting on this message.

D r M y l e s M u n r o e ’s teaching has impacted my life and millions around, and even though he is no longer with us, his legacy reflects

the life he lived.

I was re-reading the intro from the Pursuit of Purpose, and just know this excerpt will be the content for this week.

“Let me go. Please let me die,” sobbed the frail, old gentleman as the strong young swimmer struggled against the boisterous waves of the open ocean.

“Just a few more minutes, sir, and I will have you

safely to shore,” replied the young man, gasping for every breath. Finally, they made it to the beach, and both fell, desperately exhausted, onto the sand.

“Why did you save me?” cried the angry 76-year-old man. “Why didn’t you let me die? Your good deed is the curse of my existence.”

Startled by these words, the young man looked down at the older man who had nearly drowned. As he pant-

ed from the heroic effort of rescuing the victim from the violent waves, he shook his head, revealing the shock and the mystification that filled his mind. Winston had known Mr Cambridge for 20 years. He had always admired the hard-working businessman for his success.

To him, Mr Cambridge was a role model who embodied all he hoped to be someday.

Having worked all his life to achieve the status of being the wealthiest man in the city, Mr Cambridge owned millions of dollars worth of investments and an enviable mansion on the beach front.

He was the father of three well-educated children who all worked in his companies and the husband of a woman who loved him. Hundreds of friends, relatives and admirers looked to him for inspiration and guidance. Perplexed by the disparity between his observations of Mr Cambridge’s life and the gentleman’s desire to die, Winston asked, “But, sir, why do you want to die?” Little did Winston know that the answer to this question would change his life forever. (It may change yours as well.)

As tears flooded his aged eyes, the old man buried his face in his hands and lamented, “What was it all for? Is this all there is? What did I gain? I have everything and yet nothing. Everyone thinks I am a success, but I am a failure. I have given everything and received nothing. I made my parents happy and proud of me, and my wife has everything she could desire. My children want for nothing, and my reputation among my friends, associates and enemies is impressive.

Still, I am empty, depressed, frustrated and sad. My life has no meaning. Unlike my bank accounts, which are well filled, I am unfulfilled.

Everyone knows what I am, but I still don’t know why I

am. For years I have been so driven by the expectations of others that I have not discovered my personal reason for being. I do not wish to live with such emptiness. Today I decided it was better to be dead than to be alive and not know why.”

These words pierced the younger man’s soul. As he attempted to regain his composure, the old man took his hand, looked into his eyes with a soul-searching gaze and said, “Son, do not strive to be like me. Find out who you are and be yourself.”

As the medics carried the old man away and the sound of the ambulance faded in the distance, young Winston stood staring out to sea. He was not really aware of his surroundings, for the old man’s words had stirred him deeply.

Who am I? What does it mean to be myself?” echoed in his brain. These questions—Who am I? Why am I here? Where did I come from? What was I born to do? What can I do? Where do I fit? Why am I different?

What is my potential? Where am I going? Why did I come to this planet? These are universal questions that haunt every human being. Each of us must find the answers to these questions of purpose if we are going to enjoy a meaningful, effective, fulfilling life. Purpose is the key to life. Without purpose, life has no meaning. There are millions today, just like Mr Cambridge. They are busy making a living, but they experience very little of life. If your goal in life is to be wealthy so you can retire, you have embarked on a depressing journey to nowhere.

If your vision for life is measured by status, your upkeep will be your downfall. Vision is buried in purpose. Without knowledge of purpose, life becomes an endless string of activities with little or no

significance. Like a rider on a rocking horse, life without purpose makes much motion, but no progress.

A World Without Purpose A lack of purpose and the impending tragedy that results from its absence is found not only in people, but in all things. When elements of nature lose their purpose, chaos and destruction are the results. When nations, societies, communities, organisations, friendships, marriages, clubs, churches, countries or tribes lose their sense of purpose and significance, then confusion, frustration, discouragement, disillusionment and corporate suicide—whether gradual or instant—reign. Purpose is the master of motivation and the mother of commitment.

It is the source of enthusiasm and the womb of perseverance. Purpose gives birth to hope and instills the passion to act. It is the common denominator that provides every creature with an element of distinction. This guiding sense of purpose is more than an orientation toward a goal. Rather, it is a deep awareness that a common vision encompasses all life and existence. Without this vision, we can only exist.

We feel no passion for living, neither do we have a reason to wake up in the morning.

Thousands of years ago, a king known as the wisest man who ever lived, stated, “Meaningless! Meaningless! … Utterly meaningless! Everything is meaningless” (Ecclesiastes 1:2). This was his conclusion after years of observing man’s life, activities, plans and achievements apart from a sense of personal and corporate purpose.

These words and their sad echo have returned to haunt us nearly 6,000 years later.

We face a world that acts like a spaceship that has lost SEE PAGE XIX

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

XVII

‘BLACK HISTORY MONTH’ - INSPIRATION FOR AFRICAN GUYANESE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BONANZA

FEBRUARY is commemorated as ‘Black History Month’ in the USA. It was first formulated by the Afro-American academic Carter Woodson in 1926 to counterbalance the studied ignoring of the important contributions African American men and women had made to American life and to bring to the fore and remind all Americans of the achievements of African-American people. People of African descent would then feel a sense of pride, confidence and capability and begin to earn the respect of their white compatriots. February was chosen as it was the month in which both Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass were born. These were considered the two greatest American slave emancipators. In 1976, President Gerald Ford gave recognition to the Day, and thereafter a few other countries gave recognition to it.

In Guyana, it is largely commemorated by organisations and groups dedicated to the preservation and promotion of African culture. Persons of African-Guyanese descent and their achievements are highlighted, and ways are put forward to improve the socio-economic conditions of the community. These laudable aims have not attracted much involvement in Black History Month by other racial groups, because some politicians feel that they should mobilise support by racial appeals, and in so doing, they stimulate adversarial racial feelings and if other groups are involved, they could steal their thunder.

Before the advent of linking race and politics, Guyanese people of all racial groups happily participated in and cooperated and assisted each other in their varied religious and cultural activities and even recognised their familial linkages.

They understood that the people of Guyana were inextricably intertwined and if any one racial group, as a group, were to hurt or disadvantage any other group, all would ultimately be hurt and be disadvantaged. Similarly, if any group or groups prospered, all will ultimately share in the prosperity.

It is well to resurrect the old wisdom that all groups should be allowed, if they wished, to be involved in each other’s social, economic and cultural activities, since this could only redound to the benefit of all.

With Black History Month, the media and organisations and individuals involved in African Culture should resuscitate the memories of the hundreds of African Guyanese who have done so much for Guyana and ultimately for all racial groups. For example, there were great lawyers such as J.O.F. Haynes; great doctors like Dr Frank Williams; great leaders such as Walter Rodney; labour leaders such as Critchlow or the numerous persons who have helped to build and enrich Guyanese education and culture, such as Lynette Dolphin, “Billy” Pilgrim, Eusi Kwayana, Arthur Seymour or legendary schoolmasters such as Sharples and D.J. Richmond.

One of the most important facets of life in which there needs to be greater African-Guyanese involvement is in the entrepreneurial and financial aspects. African Guyanese have always been able to earn and acquire wealth, but like most Guyanese people, they have not been able as a group to use wealth to generate further wealth. The best way to develop entrepreneurial/financial skills is not by classroom lectures, but by having personal guidance from an established entrepreneur. African cultural groups could ask es-

tablished entrepreneurs to accord such help. The late Dr Yesu Persaud had given such guidance to several start-ups and small businesses who had approached him.

In the last quarter of the 19th century and early 20th century, large numbers of mostly African-Guyanese pork-knockers had earned large sums of money from the gold mines they had discovered, but they did not know what to do with the money except consume it in any fashion. For example, there are sto-

ries of pork-knockers lighting their cigarettes with currency notes! Had there been any kind of financial guidance, these porknockers would have been able to use the banking system or learn how and where to invest their wealth. Incidentally, it is these same mines that the old pork-knockers had discovered which are now being worked by technologically advanced foreign companies who make millions SEE PAGE XXIX in profits.

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The highly skilled...

Persaud (right) with Brampton Mayor Patrick Brown

FROM PAGE II

In an eloquent thank-you speech during the virtual Hall of Fame induction ceremony, Persaud expressed thanks to executive members of the Hall of Fame for considering his contributions to the sport in Canada and in the USA, as being worthwhile of induction into the prestigious body.

According to Persaud, a major part of his life has always been driven and occupied by his work and career, “as well as my dedication, commitment and passion for the sport of cricket – both as a player and administrator.”

The inductee pointed out that during his almost 45

years of being involved in cricket, “I have many individuals that[sic] I have had the good fortune to have met and worked with for the betterment of our sport and I will like to take the time to say ‘thank you’ for your assistance and contribution on that journey.”

Persaud was also supportive of the executive board members of the Brampton-Etobicoke & District Cricket League (BEDCL), which he has led for the past 35 years, listing Arsalan Baig, Gokul Kamat, Rumi Jasavala, Denny Eapen and Manish Tomer.

Former Brampton Mayor Susan Fennel, Director of Parks Don Doan and current Mayor Patrick Brown were also praised for their assistance for the growth, promotion and development of cricket in Brampton.

“I will also like to acknowledge and thank my friend Shah Zafar (Cricket Ontario president) for sponsoring my application and forwarding it to the Cricket Hall of Fame for due consideration.

Persaud was also a driving force in the venue change of the Global T20 Canada to the Flower City of Brampton after its initial staging in King City, following fruitful discussions with then-President of Cricket Canada, Ranjit Saini, who had indicated that he wanted the tournament to be staged at a more centrally located venue.

The suggestion found favour with then city’s mayoral nominee Patrick Brown and was an eventual success. Brown not only supported the venture but also made a series of cricket-related promises should he be elected to office.

Following his election as Mayor of Brampton, Brown has more than fulfilled most of the promises he made to Persaud, including the introduction of the first LED-lit, full-size cricket field in Brampton and following up on a commitment to construct a state-of-the-art cricket stadium that should serve to improve the skills of local and national players, as well as attract a higher class of cricket and international players to participate in such events.

The BEDCL league continues to flourish and grow in stature as the largest in North America, with an annual application of new teams in the range of 25 to 35 each year. The 2022 season has a record number of 104 teams that have applied to participate in the three formats – 50 Over, T25 and Night T20.

Despite the challenges imposed by COVID-19, BEDCL was able to stage very successful seasons in 2020 and 2021, with approximately 148 and 168 teams respectively across the T25 and 50-over formats, and this also included night cricket in 2021.

BECDL had also contemplated launching a Youth League, a Seniors Competition and a Women competition – but these have been delayed due to the impacts of COVID-19. Efforts will, however be made to stage these tournaments this year.

Persaud continues to work with the mayor, councillors, commissioners, directors, managers and various levels of city staff in monthly and special, convened meetings to ensure that the sport of cricket is given equal attention and consideration from all perspectives as the other traditional mainstream sport disciplines in the city and Canada.

On this front, he is very thankful for the support that he has received from all city stakeholders and is very thankful for their recognition of the sport and its demands, as well as the need to elevate the standards to what is expected of ICC-approved playing conditions that are conducive to building better and highly skilled players.

Persaud is supported by a very strong, dedicated, committed and highly skilled Board of Directors that have been with him every step of the way to build, grow, develop and administer the sport for everyone who wants to be part of the BEDCL experience.

Together, they have taken BEDCL to be recognised in Ontario across Canada as one of the best-managed organisations committed to providing an equal opportunity for all teams across all formats. His other executives include Gokul Kamat – Vice-president, Rumi Jasvala -- Treasurer, Manish Tomer – Secretary, Arsalan Baig - Umpires Coordinator and Denny Eapen – Statistician & Website & Technology Expert.

Born at Stewartville Pasture, West Coast Demerara, Persaud attended the Leonora Government School and Zeeburg Secondary before migrating to Canada in 1972. He graduated from Concorde University, Montreal, Quebec, with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Computer Science – Business & Systems Analyst from Dawson College. Married to Kamla Devi Lallram, the couple has two sons – the eldest being Robin and the other Darren.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, February 20, 2022

Life in Baracara ...

FROM PAGE IX

they help us to plant, and we pay them. If you have no money, you help me, and I help you; a two days

Making her way along the Canje River

you work with me and I work with you a two days and we make things easy.”

Euette, like other Baracara residents, suffered severe losses in last year’s flood and is still hoping that the government will stick to its word of providing some relief. In the meantime, she continues to be absolutely in love with life in Baracara. “Life in Baracara is not hard, because once you can work, you can eat. You can plant the fastest crop and get food in three months. I don’t pay light bill and water rate. I live free. My neighbour has a generator we get light from. That’s it.”

Planet earth is like a ...

FROM PAGE XVI its flight plan. Planet earth is like a mother whose children have lost all sense of direction and all value in life. Globally speaking, everything is in motion. Mergers and acquisitions, deregulations and changing agencies of control, information technologies and international competition all alter the shape and thrust of our economies and the way we do business.

Changing demographics, realigned industry structures, new strategic alliances, innovative technologies, unaccustomed modes of working and the volatility of stock markets demand a fresh approach to commerce. Increasing competition, the shrinking of the world into one large global village, the move toward freer markets in former communist countries, and the proposed reality of the European Common Market alter the way we deal with the world and it deals with us.

Many industrialised nations are being transformed into Third World states, as numerous people migrate from undeveloped nations.

Long-established ideologies are evaporating in the fires of revolutionary changes. Institutions long held sacred are crumbling under the weight of social pressure. In almost every nation, the situation is the same. There is political confusion, ideological frustration, social unrest, economic uncertainty, moral bankruptcy, institutionalised corruption and disillusionment with religion. All inhabit an environment of fragile diplomacy. The world has become an incubator of stress, depression, hopelessness and fear. It seems that the kingdoms and the governments of this world are bankrupt.

They no longer offer innovative solutions for these ever-increasing problems.”

Let’s look for the many nuggets in the content that is even more relevant now from this great legend as we continue to celebrate this beautiful journey called Life BEYOND THE RUNWAY.

FROM PAGE XVIII

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How to best terminate ...

FROM PAGE XIV

If you have any proof of wrongdoing or any previous employee documentation, be sure to have that on hand. More often than not, you will receive a series of questions as to why and promises to do better.

If your mind is made up, it is better to have evidence as to why. Be prepared for the employee to go through a series of emotions, but keep yours in check; maintain calmness and professionalism.

For contractual workers, notice is usually given so ensure you have a solid transition plan- what will they be doing with their last days? When will they be handing over office property? Training someone else? Make this clear.

Cover everything essential. Before they walk in the room, you must be prepared for any questions such as when will the last paycheck be collected, anything concerning benefitsanything at all. This is one time when you can’t say, “I’ll get back to you on that.”

Show empathy and listen to what the employee has to say. This just lets them maintain a little dignity and you may actually learn something in your workplace culture that you can improve. Unless it was something unlawful, you can thank them for their service and offer references so they can find employment somewhere better suited for them. If the termination was simply due to job performance, talk to them and ask them what they like and are good at. People often don’t do well because they do not find joy in what they are doing. There is a great saying that “if you cannot help someone, at least do not hurt them,” but in this case, you can actually do both.

For employee morale for everyone left, communicate the appropriate details to them in a healthy way. It is difficult for employees to come to work and one is just missing. Address the situation in a healthy manner.

If you agree with the above but may not remember when the time comes, it is simple to make a company employee termination checklist and ensure that all managers and firing officials follow the proper protocol.

Thank you, everyone, for reading and please keep sending topic suggestions to caitlinvieira@gmail.com

YOUTHFUL TEACHINGS MUST ...

FROM PAGE XI

warned me, “nawh because man got beard like Moses mean he heart clean, some evil man reach old age too yuh know”. If you can put your hand on ‘RANDAM REMARKS ON CREOLESE’ BY C A Yansen-2nd Edition 1993, that would be a good cultural buy. But like my father’s remarks, that I am sure are his IPR renditions. I recognise that what proverbs do, is force the mind to define their meanings, which never leaves but remains in the sub-conscious, and the sub-conscious is a prevalent influence, in the defiance of peer pressure and one’s own callous impulses, when the unique situations of temptation as a way out rises, the argument with the teachings and the urges of badness. But in many cases, regret and redemption can be guided by the resources of wisdom planted within.

In closing, there are always the cries that these days are the last days, that’s why things happening like this.

Examine who you allow to influence your children, begin with your own siblings. Examine what you’re doing, if anything? True, you will not be in control of every mind you raise. To be conservative, our genetics go back over a few 100-to-1,000 years. Families only talk about the socially safe and allowed to be applauded ones. Still, there are devils, too, no one talks about. Some exist in cultural content and values in the very admired and applauded. At least give them the arsenal of logic to debate the world around them and us. Selected Books are a good start, with the annoying everyday proverb.

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Welcome to...

in the village is for residents to share what they have with each other. Thompson was keen to point out that this doesn’t include a bartering system. “Our tradition here is sharing whatever produce we have. You don’t have to give me for me to give you; we share among community members.”

Alva Hinds, 80 years old, from a community called Windsor Forest, located nearby Baracara, is a father of six who grew up in the river. He reflected on how times have changed but noted his continued love for the community.

Chairman of Community Development Council, Marshall Thompson (Carl Croker photos)

FROM PAGE VI

in other aspects of village life.

“If I am building my house, the men available would come up and give me a hand. I don’t have to pay for this.”

Peaceful and at Ease Things can be difficult at times, financially speaking.

So residents are hoping that the authorities will look into creating jobs for them. “We need jobs in this community… we want them to include us in projects; planting, tinning, anything. This would really benefit the community,” Thompson expressed.

When things are especially rough, though, the tradition

Technology, dedicated teachers making ... ing on the ledge.

“I have snake guts so it couldn’t bite me,” Amsterdam, unafraid of snakes, mentioned. “Yesterday, one was in the children’s toilet. The cleaner went in and saw it. We’re not sure when it got in there because it was in the morning when the children had already started using the facility.”

At times, Amsterdam would be in the middle of teaching when all she’d see was something moving in the roof. “I will call the boat captain, and they’ll come and throw gasoline; it will fall down, and then we’ll kill it.” Even though the children are usually happy for the experience, they’ll run and scream and create a hullaballoo when the snake falls to the ground.

FROM PAGE VIII

Dedicated to Nation Building In Baracara, education is not on the front burner in many homes because residents depend mainly on farming and logging. So the teachers have the extra task of helping parents to see the importance of making schoolwork a priority.

“Some of the children know that they can go and saw and sell the lumber and get money and plant the farm and get money, so you won’t find them eager to learn. They’ll come to school, but their interest is not there,” Amsterdam shared.

But the teachers continue to work with them and their parents in this regard. “We do parent conferencing to try to explain. For PTA, we will show them the actual schoolwork so that they can be able to help the children at home.”

To make a difference in children’s lives, Amsterdam believes that being a dedicated teacher is of utmost importance.

“You have to be dedicated to the task of nation-building. If you’re not dedicated, then you’re just working for the money. You have to have this love within you for children. The influence of a good teacher can never be erased.”

Meanwhile, over the years, the school has had five other head teachers, namely, Peter Jaganand, Jessie Reynolds, Isaac Moore, Loraine Samuels, and Kim Sampson.

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“We used to cut firewood and take it to Port Mourant, Albion, and Corentyne. We also did a lot of farming. Now, I’m just in my kitchen garden. And it’s only lately that we got engine boat; we used to scull boat,” he shared, adding, “We never used to buy rice; we used to plant, along with plantain, cassava and those things. We hardly went to New Amsterdam to buy anything, and we don’t sell greens to one another.”

While doctors would visit the community once a month, pensioners would travel to New Amsterdam to uplift their pensions. Irrespective of the challenges typical of remote locations, mHinds said: “You’re at ease here. It’s quiet and everybody lives peacefully.”

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I WILL ALWAYS BE ...

FROM PAGE XII

was an impressive two-storey colonial building standing supremely on an expansive land bordered on two sides by tall flowering trees. On the green matted lawn were thatched roof benabs, the table and chairs crafted from tree trunks for an outlook to blend with the environment.

“What do you think?” he asked.

“Simply amazing!” she laughed a little, “It’s like stepping in a completely different world.”

“Yeah, I love the peace and tranquillity of this place.”

Lunch was laid out on the patio of the lower flat so they could eat in the ambience of the cool breeze, scenes of the river, the landscape stretching to the far horizon and the different species of birds. The appetising food were special dishes of seafood, meat and vegetables, a flavourful and

delightful meal. And relaxing afterwards under one of the benabs with fruit cocktails was simply heavenly.

“And this is what I call a break,” Raj expressed with a contented sigh.

“It sure is,” she agreed, “I so love this.”

A while later, he got up and, taking her hand, said, “So now, I am going to give you a tour of the house.”

The interior was so amazing she fell instantly in love with its unique designs, beautiful antique furnishings and Victorian lights.

“Quite stunning.”

After the interesting tour, she stood on the upper deck looking across the river and joining her after a little while, he put his arms around her waist, his face nestled in her hair, “What are you thinking?”

“That this must be a dream.”

He turned her around and pushing back the fallen strands of hair from her face, he tipped her chin up gently and with his lips close to hers, he said, “It’s real, as your heart beats against mine.”

And he kissed her, a soft, lingering kiss.

That evening, he showed her to her room and said, “You can rest and get dressed for 8 o’clock.”

On the bed was a black evening gown with silver accessories and shoes. She lifted up the dress and exclaimed quietly, “Oh wow. Am I going to a ball?”

At eight o’clock there was a rap on the door and she stepped out, looking exquisite with her beautifully styled hair, an incredible transformation from a simple girl to a woman of elegance. He was waiting for her, dressed in a dark, tailored suit that defined masculine elegance and style.

He took her arm, deeply impressed by her new outlook and asked cordially, “May I have the pleasure of taking you to dinner?”

“Yes,” she answered simply.

The table was set with the finest silverware, rich wine and scented candles. Two waiters stood by to serve and after Shanti was comfortably seated, she said quietly, “This is quite a surprise.”

He smiled and touched her hand, “I want this to be special for you.”

After dinner when they were alone and soft music set the tone for a romantic night, he said to her, “I want this to be your dream, a special place where we can be alone, leaving the world behind.”

The love in his eyes and the passion in his voice left her almost breathless and softly she spoke, “Raj–” He put a finger to her lips gently and said just as softly, “Don’t say anything, just let your heart speak.”

That night their love story turned a new page.

An endless night of passion and bliss in a world where they were all alone and words spoken that left a deep impression on her mind, “I will always be yours, Shanti.”

That intimacy was a bond they now shared, but their love still had to be kept a secret and hushed. The lady of the house held strong views on family values and status, and she would be unrelenting if she knew the poor girl had won her son’s heart.

He could not belong to her but Raj saw the richness in the poor girl his mother could not see because of her obsession with class, status and sophistication. He wanted Shanti in his life for her simplicity, gentleness and the deep, pure love he saw in her eyes. But he knew his decision would be seriously challenged, so he had to come up with a good plan as soon as he could and he told Shanti, “Whatever happens, stay calm and act normal. Don’t ever doubt my love for you and don’t think I would want to leave you.”

She held onto his words but couldn’t stop the nagging fear in her heart that she may lose him. The girl his mother wanted him to marry was coming that weekend with her elite family for a visit.

“How could I be able to go on with my life without him?” she questioned herself, an ache in her heart.

But when he told her on Monday morning that he didn’t say ‘yes,’ but asked for some more time, the deep relief she felt brought tears to her eyes.

“Everything will be fine,” he told her as he embraced her, but not long after the challenges he knew would come his way began when regular business trips overseas imposed on him by his father kept them apart, leaving Shanti unprotected working for the mother.

By the time he could return, it was too late.

He could find her nowhere!

To be continued…

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A sustainable energy ...

countries such as ours have been beset by numerous challenges stemming from their exploitation and colonisation by developed countries.

That traditional exploitation and underdevelopment are exacerbated by developing countries’ vulnerability to natural disasters, such as flooding and hurricanes. And again, with these inherent vulnerabilities to contend with, we must objectively ask ourselves the question: why shouldn’t developing countries be able to exploit their natural resources for their development?

Certainly, the earth needs to be protected, it is our home.

I believe, however, that there must be a deeper focus on equitable development, rather than perpetuating the unequal system in which we have all been living, perhaps since time immemorial.

And this allows me to easily sway into the second consideration, that is, even as we move towards more renewable energy sources, there will still be some demand for fossil fuels.

This is simply because we have long relied on the use of these fossil fuels and so, it will take some adjusting before we can fully transition away from using these fuels.

With the demand remaining for the foreseeable future, somebody has to supply the fuels. And the Vice- president argued that Guyana and other smaller states should be the ones to supply these fuels now that they have made significant discoveries and now that they are finally able to ‘catch up’ with the developed world.

The focus, however, should be on guaranteeing the world’s energy needs without causing further harm to the environment.

Prime Minister Mottley said it best: “Net-zero does not mean no fossil fuels, but it means offsetting the use of fossil fuels.”

So with countries such as Guyana and Suriname now producing and using more fossil fuels, there should be an equal or greater focus globally on taking responsibility for the harm already done. That means, perhaps, that these countries should be using more renewable energy and reforesting their lands. It means that these countries should leave some “space” for the rest of us- space to allow us to produce and use fossil fuels as they have long done. Otherwise, our use of fossil fuels would not be sustainable in any way.

FROM PAGE XV

How ‘love’ can be an ...

FROM PAGE XIII

relationship.

While our definitions of love are different and unique to us and our experiences, it’s always important to remember that love should be liberating, empowering, fruitful, kind and patient. Love is good and it should not leave you tired or drained; and it is also the complete opposite of what Kanye West does on social media, whilst claiming how much he loves his ex-wife; Kim Kardashian. I think many abusers try to soften their tones or actions with the word “love.” Have you ever heard TV interviews of murderers who killed their wives or of disgraceful abusers behind bars? Some out of the bunch always talk about how much they loved/love their wives. Did they really love those women, though? It’s even worse when a woman herself has no idea of what good intentions or healthy relationships look like (for reasons of being brainwashed, coming from a dysfunctional family or otherwise), and she meets a man who tells her the things she always wanted to hear.

The vulnerability in relationships like those often results in severe abuse and manipulation. In essence, some women cannot differentiate between love and abuse, because they grew up believing those two completely opposing actions are one thing. Love is many things, but it is not abusive, and it should not hurt—love and abuse cannot co-exist.

It’s never too late to break these toxic generational cycles. I urge you to dictate what boundaries you ought to set when you’re in love, the type of love you’d like to receive and the type of love you’re willing to give.

You should also remember to be kind to yourself and never allow anyone’s disrespectful definition of “love” to define the things you want out of this short life of ours.

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So I end this week’s column by sharing the realisation that dawned upon me. When there is talk about a sustainable energy future, that does not wholly mean abandoning oil and gas or fossil fuels and immediately shifting to renewable energy. And I do not believe that it means that developing countries such as Guyana should abandon their means of gaining revenues that should be used to improve the lives of their citizens. A sustainable energy future is one where energy needs are met without causing further, irreparable harm to the environment; it is one where countries that have done the most harm with fewer repercussions ought to take greater responsibility.

If you would like to connect with me to discuss this column or any of my previous works, feel free to email me at vish14ragobeer@gmail.com

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‘BLACK HISTORY ...

FROM PAGE XVII

Or there was the Village Movement in the 1840s when emancipated slaves and their immediate descendants purchased abandoned sugar estates, built thousands of houses, laid down roads and drainage systems and created a new social and cultural life. The Congregational Church was particularly strong in these villages and they were committed to education. The Village Movement was one of the finest moments of Guyanese History. These freedmen showed remarkable entrepreneurial ability in saving their very small incomes and investing in abandoned sugar estates, but they did not enter the second entrepreneurial phase of creating coconut or cocoa farms, or becoming peasant cane farmers and so on.

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The entrepreneurial spirit is still strong as shown when there were severe shortages of imported goods in the 1970s and 1980s and when numerous African Guyanese went abroad and brought in goods to satisfy the market. This spirit is also evident in the number of pavement sellers of various types of goods. With guidance and exploitation of the credit facilities which the state and the banks are now making available, these sellers could develop into small shops and even move into small manufacturing.

African Guyanese workers, tradesmen and entrepreneurs must quickly and energetically be involved in the oil and gas industry and take full advantage of the Local Content Legislation. They must contact the oil and gas Ministry of Natural Resources in respect of the opportunities available and also in respect of the scholarships and other training on offer. The African Guyanese Cultural Organizations must seize this opportunity of helping to usher in an economic Renaissance in the African-Guyanese population.

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THOUGHT FOR TODAY Know then thyself, presume not God to scan, The proper study of mankind is man.

ALEXANDER PO PE 1744) An essay on (1688Man

February 20, 2022 STUDY SUCCESS Dear Student, Welcome, dear friend.

Know that you should complete your first draft of short story in one sitting, which means to not stop writing

until you are finished telling it. Choose language to evoke the feeling of emotion you want to give your reader.

Also, fashion your plot, setting, and characters to make your story bounce distinctly.

Your opening must be strong enough to build upon. Land your story without damaging it. Maintain the required length. Edit. Edit. Edit. Be wise.

Love you.

THE PASSAGE Instructions: Read the following abridged passage carefully and then answer items 1-7, based on what is stated or implied.

Although federal laws designed to end discrimination based on gender and race were enacted in the United States decades ago, a law designed to address discrimination based on physical and mental disabilities was not enacted until 1990. This law, the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990), has done a great deal to level the playing field for the disabled, both on college campus and in the regular community. On campuses today, it is common to see students whose obvious disabilities would have prevented them from attending college before this law was enacted. Students with cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, sensory impairments and such, share living quarters, lecture hall seats, and recreational facilities with their nondisabled classmates.

Equally important are those students whose disabilities are largely unobservable. Students with learning disabilities, mental disabilities, and subtle but chronic health conditions such as Crohn’s disease, and fibromyalgia may pass unnoticed.

Yet their lives are equally challenged. (“Americans with Disabilities Act” from Learning from Our Diversity) Questions 1. What meaning would you give to each of the following terms? federal laws, designed, discrimination, disabilities, level the playing field, unobservable 2. Describe broadly the stated purpose of each enacted law used in the passage.

3. Which category of college students has its playing field levelled?

4. Do you figure that the Americans with Disabilities

Act (1990) hints about any of the following? (i) developing dependence; (ii) developing independence; (iii) preferential treatment; (iv) meaningful relationships (A) All of the above (B) None of the above (C) (i) and (iii) of the above (D) (ii) and (iv) of the above 5. The abridged passage states observable disabilities such as cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, sensory impairments.

Name about THREE others known to you.

6. The abridged passage states unobservable disabilities such as learning disabilities, mental disabilities, and subtle but chronic health conditions such as Crohn’s disease, and fibromyalgia. Name about THREE others known to you in this category.

7. What spaces on the college campuses do both sets of students share as noted? Supply THREE other spaces not mentioned.

GRAMMAR Improving Vocabulary and Spelling A... As rudimentary as it seems, the use of the verbs raise and rise, and their various forms still confuse many students today. Use either raise or rise to complete each of the sentences below. (Some sentences require the past tense or past participle forms.) See meanings first.

Raise has many categories of meaning, among them are: 1. To cause to move upward or to a higher level; elevate. 2.

To place erect; set up. 3. To construct or build. 4. To make greater in amount, size, or value: to raise prices. 5. To gather together; obtain or collect as an army.

Rise also has many categories of meaning, among them are: 1. To move upward; go from a lower to a higher position.

2. To slope gradually upward. 3. To have height or elevation: The hills rise above the plain. 4. To swell up: Dough rises.

5. To return to life, etc.; stand up. 6. To revolt; rebel. 7. To adjourn. 8. To appear above the horizon: said of heavenly bodies.

1. No matter what Henry proposes, his boss will ..... objections to it.

2. If our costs of manufacture continue to ....., our prices must soon follow.

3. The prices of raw materials have ..... dramatically.

4. The printer technician ..... the top of the machine to service it.

5. The cost of living rural areas ..... steadily last few years.

B... Which of the following frequently used words are misspelled? Spell each correctly.

1. application 6. posess 2. apointment 7. sincerely 3. akward 8. unconcious 4. necessary 9. privlege 5. lisence 10. canidate THE SHORT STORY Bringing the story to Life 1. Dialogue: Fragments can be effectively used in story conversation. Also, writings turn out better with few well-rounded characters, and some others just presented by names singly or in groups– no fleshing out.

Fragments & Conversations: In the short story’s crisp conversations, fragments are often safely used as answers.

Examples: (What passed between the mother of the young lady and the strange young man.)

Where do you work?

At Sherry’s Housewifery.

Are you happy in your work there?

Yes. Very, very happy!

When do you plan to leave that establishment?

Not even today or next year!

What gift do you want if you marry my lovely daughter?

Your old vehicle.

2. Your Writing Portfolio. In this useful book you can record ideas and things that strike you as fanciful for short story writing. If you develop it consistently and tidily, it sparks your imagination.

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That Valentine kiss

VALENTINE’S Day was almost a week ago, and it’s a good time to do an annual bad-breath check to ensure your “kissability.” Although chocolate and flowers have come to be associated with Valentine’s Day, research shows that kissing is one of the oldest forms of expressing love and respect. In fact, the Veda Sanscrit, the epic Mahabhrata and the Kama Sutra all indicate that kissing started in India from 1500BC, although the Greeks and the Romans popularised it with the latter introducing the so-called “French kiss.”

Notwithstanding, the mystique of the passionate kiss involves desirability, which in turn may depend on the oral-health status of the part i e s . N o w, w e know that more than 85% of all Guyanese suffer from bad breath at some point.

There are steps that everyone can take to maintain good oral hygiene and prevent chronic bad breath.

Aside from medical conditions such as oesophagal reflux and hiatal hernia, bad breath usually occurs from three oral sources: cavities, gum disease, and coatings of the tongue.

Most of us try to keep our teeth and gums clean by brushing and flossing after meals, but few people realize that the tongue has to be cleaned daily as well. The tongue has papillae and grooves that provide ideal places for bacteria to hide and multiply. By-products of bacterial metabolism, called volatile sulphur compounds, create the odour most associate with halitosis.

To eliminate most sources of oral odour and maintain healthy teeth and gums, floss between the teeth and brush with a soft toothbrush to avoid gum damage. Regular dental examinations will allow early detection of decay and gum disease before they become severe enough to cause bad breath.

Unhealthy teeth and gums are very unattractive, and if you have periodontal disease, your gums may be puffy, red, bleeding, or have pus under them. Large spaces may form between the tooth and gum. One should seek professional help if these signs appear. Others may consciously avoid close contact when these signs are visible, which is not good for romance.

The tongue’s surface is much stronger than gum tissue, so a soft toothbrush, the correct tool to use on your teeth, would not do the job on your tongue. Specially designed tongue cleaners exist which are firm enough to clean the irregular surface of the tongue, yet narrow and flexible enough to reach far back on the tongue, where odour-causing bacteria tend to accumulate.

The most common times when bad breath occurs are in the morning before brushing, if a long time passes between meals, and when taking medication that dries out the mouth.

These are all instances of diminished salivary flow. Saliva has antibacterial properties that help limit halitosis, tooth

decay and gum disease.

Snack on fibrous foods such as citrus fruits, nuts, or salads. This will stimulate salivary flow without providing the oral bacteria with the nutrients (sugar) they need to metabolise. That is why breath mints don’t work.

While they stimulate the salivary flow and add fragrance to the air, they also feed the very bacteria causing the

problem. Use non-toxic, breath-freshening products containing chlorine dioxide, such as Colgate toothpaste and mouth rinse. In case of a severe breath problem, see your dentist for halitosis therapy. Otherwise, your Valentine will respond with a big Ugh!, instead of a healthy and enthusiastic smooch.

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